1
Introduction to Indigenous Creative Crafts
Introduction
Throughout Philippine history, craftsmanship and its different forms have
always been prevalent. The Filipinos have an innate inclination to create,
exemplifying the state of being engaged in their craft and taking a sense of joy
and pride in their work. The Filipino craftsman dedicates himself to his art and
telling the story of the Philippines, bearing its truest essence-its soul for the world to
see.
Blessed with natural resources, Filipino craftsmen are able to come-up with
a magnificent product that tells a million story not just about their lives but the
culture of their place. Clearly, this reflects Filipino crafts that magnify labors of love
and patience. These are evident in the products of their skillful hands and
imaginative minds. Creative crafts in the Philippines do not only satisfy our senses,
but each artwork speaks of the passion and active involvement of the artists in
visualizing, connecting, and appreciating the culture and the creative
manipulation of the objects around.
Do you have what it takes to become a craftsman? In this chapter you will
learn the brief overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts and its significance and
relationship to the Hospitality Course. It is then expected that you will be able to
find yourself become an agent of this culture-filled journey. As you will come to
know more of these arts and crafts, be ready to become your most creative self
for you will be creating your own handicraft. This journey transcends beyond
“knowing” history or “applying” discussed topics, rather, it is an “awakening” of
your soul in taking responsibility to promote, conserve, and develop Philippine
indigenous creative crafts.
Are you ready to take these responsibilities?
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, you should be able to:
1. Describe the indigenous creative crafts in the Philippines;
2. Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous arts and crafts
to the Hospitality Course; and
3. Develop a sense of responsibility in promoting and conserving the
Philippine culture through arts and crafts.
Activating Prior Knowledge
How CREATIVE are you?
Make a creative ACROSTIC using your first name. Express your thoughts and
expectations regarding this subject. Be creative!
RHEINZ-
Expand your IDEAS! Note as many words as you can associate to the terms
inside the circles below.
INDIGENOUS
PRODUCTS
CRAFTS
ARTS
TOPIC 1: Brief Overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts
Learning Objectives
At the end of this the topic, you should be able to:
1. Identify the different types of traditional Arts and Crafts in the
Philippines;
2. Make a presentation on any of the sub-topics of the brief overview of
Philippine Arts and Crafts; and
3. Develop a sense of hard work and craftsmanship through a simple craft
creation.
Presentation of the Content
Arts and Crafts in the Philippines refer to the various forms of the arts
that have developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the
beginning of civilization in the country up to the present era. They reflect
the range of artistic influences on the country's culture, including
indigenous forms of the arts, and how these influences have honed the
country's arts.
The traditional arts in the Philippines encompass folk architecture,
maritime transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk (oral)
literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile, or fiber art,
pottery, and other artistic expressions of traditional culture.
Folk Architecture
Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic
group, where the structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral,
rattan, grass, and other materials. These abodes can range from the hutstyle bahay kubo which utilizes vernacular mediums in construction, the
highland houses called bale that may have four to eight sides, depending
on the ethnic association.
Daru Jambangan (Palace of Flowers), the royal
residence of the ruler of the Tausug
Dakay house, the oldest surviving coral houses
in the Philippines still used today (c. 1887)
Bahay kubo-style Mabini House
Bahay na bato houses
in Intramuros, Manila
Maritime Transport
Maritime transport in the Philippines includes boat houses, boatmaking, and maritime traditions. These structures, traditionally made of
wood chosen by elders and craftsfolks, were used as the main vehicles of
the people, connecting one island to another, where the seas and rivers
became the people's roads. Although boats are believed to have been
used in the archipelago for thousands of years since the arrival of humans
through water, the earliest evidence of boat-making and the usage of
boats in the country continues to be dated as 320 AD through the carbondating of the Butuan boats that are identified as remains of a gigantic
balangay.
A large karakoa outrigger
warship, 1711
A balangay reconstruction
A paraw in Palawan
An owong at Lake Sebu
Weaving
Weaving is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines today,
with each ethnic group having their distinct weaving techniques. The
weaving arts are composed of basket weaving, back-strap loom weaving,
headgear weaving, fishnet weaving, and other forms of weaving.
Cloth and mat weaving
Expensive textiles are made through the intricate and difficult
process called back-strap looming. Fibers such as Cotton, abaca, banana
fiber, grass, and palm fiber are used in the Filipino weaving arts.
T'nalak
Binakol
A double ikat mat from Sulu
Basketry
The fine art of basket weaving in the Philippines has developed
intricate designs and forms directed for specific purposes such as
harvesting, rice storage, travel package, sword case, and so on. The art is
believed to have arrived in the archipelago due to human migration,
where those at the north were the first to learn the art form.
Various rice baskets
Filipino tobacco basket
Carving
The art of carving in the Philippines focuses on woodcarving and folk
non-clay sculptures.
Woodcarving
Indigenous woodcarving is one of the most notable traditional arts in
the Philippines, with some crafts in various ethnic groups date back prior to
Hispanic arrival with perhaps the oldest surviving today are fragments of a
wooden boat dating to 320 AD.
Kulintang from Mindanao
Bulul gods
Stone, ivory, and other carvings
Stone carving is a priced art form in the Philippines, even prior to the
arrival of Western colonizers, as seen in the stone likha and larauan or taotao crafts of the natives. These items usually represents either an ancestor
or a deity who aids the spirit of a loved one to go into the afterlife properly.
Carved marbles from Romblon
Stone carvings at the facade
of Miagao Church, world heritage
site and a National Cultural
Treasure
Folk graphic and plastic arts
The fields under folk graphic and plastic arts are tattooing, folk
writing, and folk drawing and painting.
Folk writing (calligraphy)
The Philippines has numerous indigenous scripts collectively called as
suyat, each of which has their own forms and styles of calligraphy. Various
ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization in the
16th century up to the independence era in the 21st century have used the
scripts with various mediums. By the end of colonialism, only four of the suyat
scripts survived and continue to be used by certain communities in
everyday life.
Folk paintings
Folk paintings, like folk drawings, are works of art that usually include
depictions of folk culture. Evidences suggest that the people of the
archipelago have been painting and glazing their potteries for thousands
of years. Pigments used in paintings range from gold, yellow, reddish purple,
green, white, blue-green, to blue.
Ornament, textile, or fiber art
Ornament, textile, or fiber art includes a variety of fields, ranging from
hat-making, mask-making, accessory-making, to ornamental metal crafts,
and many others.
Hat-making, mask-making, and related arts
Hat-making is a fine art in many communities throughout the country,
with the gourd-based tabungaw of Abra and Ilocos being one of the most
prized. Indigenous Filipino hats were widely used in the daily lives of the
people until the 20th century when they were replaced by Western-style
hats. They are currently worn during certain occasions, such as festivals,
rituals, or in theatre
The art of mask creation is both an indigenous and imported
tradition, as certain communities have mask-making practices prior to
colonization, while some mask-making traditions were introduced through
trade from parts of Asia and the West. Today, these masks are worn mostly
during festivals, Moriones Festival, and MassKara Festival.
Accessory-making
Accessories in the Philippines are almost always worn with their
respective combination of garments, with some being used as accessories
for houses, altars, and other objects.
Pottery
The art of pottery, categorized into ceramic making, clay potmaking, and folk clay sculpture, has long been a part of various cultures in
the Philippines, with evidence pointing to a pottery culture dating around
3,500 years ago. Important pottery artifacts from the Philippines include the
Manunggul Jar (890-710 BCE) and the Maitum anthropomorphic pottery (5
BC-225 AD).
Manunggul
Jar from Palawan (890–710
BC), a National Cultural
Treasure
Application
Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial
Jar No. 13 (5 BC-370 AD),
a National Cultural Treasure
A. In your own words, briefly discuss the following terms in 2
sentences.
Philippine Art
Indigenous woodcarving
Weaving
folk graphic
Folk architecture
Pottery
B. Complete the table. Consider researching on the crafts listed
in the first column of the table and identify the type of
traditional art they belong including its brief description.
TYPE OF
Description
ART/CRAFT
TRADITIONAL ART
Kawayan Torogan
Coral houses
Banaue
Rice
Terraces
modernized falua
Rayon Malong
Vakul
Standing bulul
The
Mother's
Revenge (1894)
Ilongot
hair
ornament
Bas relief
Feedback
A. With any resources available in your location, make your own
handicraft that can be done in small amount of time. Afterwhich,
evaluate yourself and your output by answering the following
questions:
1. What difficulties did you encounter?
2. What skills have you acquired?
3. Why do hard work and craftsmanship play a very important
role in making handicraft?
4. What is your message to our Filipino craftsmen?
You will be graded according to this rubric:
Advanced
25
Understanding
25 pts
Demonstration
that
instructions
and concepts
are
understood.
Craftsmanship/
Skill
25 pts
Neatness,
precision,
care.
Creativity/
Originality
25 pts
Inventiveness,
expression of
ideas and
imagination.
Effort
25 pts
What it takes
to finish the
project as well
as possible,
time
dedicated to
the project
inside and/or
out of class.
Proficient
20
Moderate
15
Below Basic
10
Advanced
Proficient
Moderate
Below Basic
The artwork is
planned
carefully;
understanding
of most
concepts and
instructions is
shown.
Advanced
The art work is
planned
adequately;
understanding
of some
concepts and
instructions
shown.
Proficient
The artwork
shows little
evidence of
understanding
the concepts
and
instructions.
The artwork
shows no
understanding
of the
concepts and
instructions.
Moderate
Below Basic
The artwork
shows good
craftmanship,
with some
attention to
detail.
The artwork
shows
average
craftmanship
and attention
to detail.
The artwork
shows poor
craftmanship
and no
attention to
detail.
Advanced
Proficient
The artwork
shows below
average
craftmanship
and little
attention to
detail.
Moderate
The artwork
demonstrates
some
personal
expression
and logical
problem
solving skills.
Advanced
The artwork
demonstrates
an average
amount of
personal
expression.
The artwork
demonstrates
little personal
expression
and problem
solving skills.
The artwork
lacks
evidence of
personal
expression.
Proficient
Moderate
Below Basic
The student
put forth the
effort required
to complete
the project
well; used
class time
well.
The student
put forth the
effort required
to finish the
project; used
class time
adequately.
The student
put forth the
effort required
to finish the
project;
usedclass time
adequately.
The student
put forth no
effort or the
project was
not
completed;
class time was
not used well.
Below Basic
B. VIDEO PRESENTATION
1. Choose any sub-topic from this chapter and research more
information about it. Present your output through an
informative 5-minute video report (creative vlog).
2. Include your accomplishments from Activity A in the said vlog.
Upload your outputs in your Facebook Account, don’t forget
to tag your teacher. Use the #PhilArtsOverView
You will be graded according to this rubric:
Contribution
Content
Quality
Speech &
Grammar
Advanced
10 pts
Advanced
Proficient
9 pts
Proficient
Developing
7 pts
Developing
Beginning
5 pts
Beginning
Participates
beyond the
required
number of
postings,
including
discussion on
other students'
posts.
Participates,
but does not
post anything
that
encourages
others to
respond.
Participates
with the
required
number of
postings.
Responds to
questions from
others when
present.
Proficient
Participates, but
does not meet
the minimum
number of posts.
Few to no
discussion or
comments with
others. Some
comments to
other or response
to questions.
Posting is less than 50%
complete or posting
does not further any
discussions. No
response to
classmate's posting or
questions.
Developing
Beginning
Appropriate,
engaging,
reflective, and
respectful to
others. Vlogs
are in-depth,
analytical,
reflective,
make a point
and make
connections
beyond the
text.
Advanced
Appropriate
and respectful
to others.
Vlogs have a
purpose or
main topic
about reading
and is
reflective.
Vlogs and
comments done,
but lacks
engagement,
analysis or
substantial
reflection, or may
be off topic.
Proficient
Developing
Vlog has
originality and
flair,
emphasizing
Speech is
fluent. Vlog
may contain
one or two
Advanced
Vlog may
contain several
errors in
grammar; errors
Vlogs not engaging,
are irrelevant, or are
difficult to follow in
meaning.
Beginning
Vlog may contain
significant errors in
grammar; errors may
cause confusion for
important
points;
contains no
errors in
grammar.
References
& Support
Advanced
Consistently
uses direct
references to
outside
sources to
support
thoughts. Uses
MLA citations
correctly.
errors in
grammar;
errors do not
impede
viewer's
understanding.
Proficient
may impede
viwer's
understanding.
Speech lack
fluency.
the viewer. Speech is
choppy without
complete sentences or
clear topic.
Developing
Beginning
Incorporates
some
references
from outside
sources, but
may not be
consistent.
Errors in MLA
citation.
Discusses
references from
outside sources in
a general way,
but doesn't use
specific
references.
Includes no references
or supporting
evidence.
TOPIC 2: Significance and Relationship of Indigenous Arts and
Crafts to the Hospitality Course
Learning Objectives
At the end of this the topic, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous creative arts and
crafts to the Hospitality Course; and
2. Make a promotional poster regarding the significance and relationship
of indigenous creative arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course.
Presentation of the Content
Indigenous creative Arts and Crafts to the Hospitality Course: Opening doors
of opportunity for the Students
The Hospitality Course is known for its vast paced of innovation that requires
a large amount of creativity in many forms. Through these indigenous creative
arts and crafts, hospitality students get to experience an opportunity that allows
them to explore different culture, examine different form of arts, and portray
appreciation to craftsmanship. This widely supports their personal, social, moral,
spiritual, cultural and creative development, and enables them to engage with
and explore visual, tactile and other sensory experiences and how to recognize
and communicate ideas and meanings. These opportunities enable them to work
with traditional and new media, so that they develop confidence, competence,
imagination and creativity.
Through these opportunities, they learn to appreciate and value images
and artifacts across times and cultures, and to understand the contexts in which
they were made. Experiences in art, craft and design enable them to learn how
to reflect critically on their own and others’ work. They learn to think and act as
artists, makers and designers, working creatively and intelligently. They develop
an appreciation of and engagement in art, craft and design as critical consumers
and audiences and an understanding of its role in the creative and cultural
industries that shape and enrich their lives.
Indigenous creative Arts and Crafts to the Hospitality Course: Promoting
Culture through Tourism
In return, as students will “explore different culture, examine different form
of arts, and portray appreciation to craftsmanship”, a certain indigenous art can
be known throughout the world that will inevitably pave the promotion of culture
and other products of a certain locale.
Art and craft is considered to be an integral part of the tourism business,
since it plays an important role as souvenirs and mementos, thereby spatially and
temporarily expanding the visitor experience. It is also increasingly looked upon
as an opportunity to diversify the tourism sector offerings, as well as the broader
economic base. It links directly to the tourism sector as a source of supply of
functional items used in the hospitality sector.
Indigenous arts and crafts served to enhance the intrinsic value of local art
and craft to international visitors. This is because local art and craft maintain the
quality of uniqueness, and represent an innate connection to the heritage and
culture of the destination, as well as the indigenous knowledge and craftsmanship
of local artisans.
In many places, crafts such as textiles and art contribute greatly to the
culture of a destination and the travel experience. Crafts can be an important
contributor to a country’s economy, employing artisans that are preserving
cultural heritage, while generating an important source of income through the
informal sector. The tourism industry provides an important export market for a
host of craft products. For example, hotels and restaurants demand diverse craft
products in order to furnish and equip their establishments. Tourists often set a
budget for themselves expecting to buy different products to take home as
souvenirs. These souvenirs then serve as tourism marketing tools by telling a story
of the destination and adding to the travel experience.
Application
A. In your own words, briefly discuss the significance and
relationship of indigenous arts and crafts to the Hospitality
Course. Make use of the graphical organizers below.
?
Significance
?
?
?
Relationship
?
?
B. What is the role of Hospitality Course in promoting culture
through indigenous art and crafts? Use the graphical organizer
below.
4
3
2
1
THE ROLE OF
HOSPITALITY
COURSE IN
PROMOTING
CULTURE
Feedback
A. Photo essay.
First Picture- your picture. Introduce yourself and explain why you
have chosen hospitality as your course.
Second Picture- your locality. Tell something about your town, its
distinct culture.
Third Picture- indigenous arts and crafts available in your area
(downloadable). Tell something about these products.
Fourth Picture- your vision of your town and its indigenous
products. Discuss briefly.
Fifth Picture- your role in promoting culture. Be creative in electing
a photo and explain your role as a student in the Hospitality
Course in promoting Philippine indigenous art and crafts.
Rubric:
Visual Text
40 %
(photographs/images)
Typography &
Semantics
20 %
(the meaning,
arrangement, and
appearance of
printed matter)
Organization
20 %
(how the various
elements are
organized)
Overall
Impression/Aesthetic
Effect
10 %
Exemplary
4 pts
Exemplary
Proficient
3 pts
Proficient
Emerging
2 pts
Emerging
Developing
1 pt
Developing
All of the
images are
appropriate to
the topic,
evocative,
visually
captivating,
and show
unique
perspectives of
the theme.
Exemplary
Most of the
images are
appropriate to the
topic, evocative,
visually
captivating, and
show unique
perspectives of
the theme.
Some of the
images are
appropriate to the
topic, evocative,
visually captivating,
and show unique
perspectives of the
theme.
Few of the images
are appropriate to
the topic,
evocative, visually
captivating, and
show unique
perspectives of the
theme.
Proficient
Emerging
Title and
captions
compliment
the images
and work
together
harmoniously
to reinforce the
theme
consistently.
Exemplary
Title and captions
compliment the
images and often
work together to
reinforce the
theme.
Proficient
Emerging
Developing
Presentation
includes
student name
and the photo
story title. Each
slide includes
an image and
accompanying
text. Photos are
carefully
sequenced to
build emotion
and
communicate
thematically.
Exemplary
Presentation
includes student
name and the
photo story title.
Each slide includes
an image and
accompanying
text. Photos create
emotion and
communicate
thematically.
Presentation
includes student
name and the
photo story title.
Each slide includes
an image and
accompanying
text. Photos create
emotion and
represent subject
matter.
Presentation
includes student
name and the
photo story title.
Each slide includes
an image and
accompanying text.
Photos inconsistently
create emotion and
may veer from
subject matter.
Proficient
Emerging
Developing
Photo essay
evokes strong
emotion and
Photo essay often
evokes emotion
and evidences
Title and captions
sometimes
compliment the
images but
inconsistently work
together to
reinforce the
theme.
Photo essay
occastionally
evokes emotion
Developing
Title and captions
seldom compliment
the images and do
not work together to
reinforce the theme.
Photo essay
inconsistently evokes
emotion and
evidences
creativity. The
presentation as
a whole is
aesthetically
harmonious.
(the overall
psychological
response to the photo
essay as a work of
artistic rhetoric)
Theme
10 %
Exemplary
Theme is clear
and welldeveloped
throughout
entire photo
essay.
(the universal insight
that is communicated
by the essay)
creativity. The
presentation as a
whole is
aesthetically
pleasing.
and evidences
some creativity. The
presentation as a
whole is
aesthetically
pleasing.
Proficient
Emerging
Theme is clear and
well-developed
throughout most
of the photo
essay.
Theme is clear and
well-developed
throughout some of
the photo essay.
evidences little
creativity. The
presentation as a
whole is spits in the
face of aesthetics.
Developing
Theme is unclear or
not well-developed
throughout the
photo essay.
B. Make a poster about the the significance and relationship of
indigenous creative arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course.
Rubric:
Advanced
4 pts
Advanced
Proficient
3 pts
Proficient
Needs Improvement
2 pts
Needs Improvement
Failing
1 pt
Poster includes
all relevant
information;
however, it is not
very wellorganized or
easily
understood.
Proficient
Poster does not have all of
the relevant information.
Information is presented in
an unorganized fashion
and may be hard to
understand.
The poster does not
include the
required
information.
Work quality/effort
The poster
includes all
information
relevant to the
topic. The
poster is
creative, clear
and concise.
Advanced
Needs Improvement
Failing
The work was
done with good
effort that shows
what the learner
is capable of. It
is evident that
time was put
into this poster
and
presentation.
Work is done with fair
effort, but the quality is still
not what the learner is
capable of. It is evident
that the work was rushed.
Work is done with
little effort, quality is
not what the
learner is capable
of. It is evident that
the work was
rushed and little
time was spent on
the final product.
Work is incomplete.
Creativity
The work done
exceeds all
expectations
and shows that
the learner is
proud of
his/her work.
The effort that
was put into
this task is the
best it can be
by the learner.
Advanced
Proficient
Needs Improvement
Failing
Eye catching.
Great use of
colors, texture,
Contains
students own
writing and
Content
Knowledge
Not very appealing.
Limited use of creative
materials. Not alot of
Failing
Lacks original
artwork. Does not
make good use of
Format
shapes, and
spacing on
poster. Artwork
is the students
own & is neat.
Writing is easy
to read. Shows
the student
can express
ideas through
art.
Advanced
drawing. Lots of
colors, shapes,
and appealing
design. Shows
the student
spent time
creating and
designing the
poster.
color/shapes/design. Most
of the artwork is the
student's own.
space on the
poster. Messy. Lacks
color.
Proficient
Needs Improvement
Failing
Poster is of
exceptional
quality and
presentation.
Nothing
hanging or
falling off.
Poster is correct
size, clean and
neatly
displayed. No
items falling off.
Poster board is damaged
or poorly presented. Some
items possibly falling off.
Poster is not on
required poster
board. Pieces/items
falling or hanging
off.
Student Reflect on Learning
Do I really understand my role in promoting Philippine indigenous art and
crafts? What are the specific things that I can do to actualize this role?
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References:
https://steemit.com/traditional/@lapilipinas/philippines-ethnic-art-and-crafts
https://www.techpopop.com/2012/12/what-is-indigenous-materials.html
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/indigenous
https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&sxsrf=ALeKk00VDoOhOnQeyXvuiA
mrECMHVMdvuw%3A1596643856501&ei=ENoqX7SUHoGwmAX19JdI&q=crafts+d
efinition&oq=crafts+def&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAxgAMgoIABCRAhBGEPkBMgIIA
DICCAAyCAgAEBYQChAeMggIABAWEAoQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBgg
AEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB46BAgAEEM6BggAEAoQQzoICC4QxwEQrwE
6BwgAEBQQhwI6BAgAEApQ401Yoldg6mNoAHAAeACAAdwCiAGSC5IBBzAuMS
4xLjOYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=psyab#dobs=indigenous%20products
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines
https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/43305/S1701179_en.pdf?se
quence=1
https://www.rcampus.com/login.cfm?&fltoken=1596688264112&
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=HXW6823&sp=true