ALGEBRA Second Edition 1 Introduction Original edition, entitled ALGEBRA: PEARSON NEW INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 2nd Edition, by ARTIN, MICHAEL, published by Pearson Education Limited, Copyright @2013 by Pearson Education,Inc. Indian edition published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd. Copy right @ 2015. All rights reserved. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book. ISBN 978-93-325-4983-8 First Impression, 2015 Second Impression, 2016 This edition is manufactured in India and is authorised for sale only in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Circulation of this edition outside these territories is UNAUTHORIZED. 1