Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
.
NIGER STATE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (SPIU)
RURAL ACCESS & MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP II)
ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
(ESMP) FOR REHABILITATION
OF RURAL ROADS IN NIGER STATE
NIGER STATE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (SPIU)
i
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AFD
French Development Agency
ARAP
Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women EMP Environmental Management Plan
ESIA
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF
Environmental and Social Management
Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management
Plan
ESMS
Environmental and Social Management
Specialist ESO Environmental and Social Officer
EVD
Ebola Virus Diseases
FEPA
Federal Environmental Protection Agency
FGN
Federal Government of Nigeria
FME
Federal Ministry of Education
FMEnv
Federal Ministry of Environment
FPSU
Federal Project Support Unit
GBV
Gender Based Violence
GRM
Grievance Redress Mechanism
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome HSE Health, Safety & Environment
IDA
International Development Agency
LGAs
Local Government Authorities
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
NISACA
Niger State Agency for Control of AIDS
NISEPA
Niger Sate Environmental Protection
Agency PAD
Project Appraisal Document
PIM
Project Implementation Manual
RAMP-2
Second Rural Access and Mobility
Project SEA
Sexual Exploitative Abuse
SEPA
State Environmental Protection Agency
SLO
Social and Livelihood Officer
SPIU
State Project Implementation Unit
STDs
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
TOR
Terms of Reference
WB
World Bank
ii
Contents
LIST OF ACRONYMS ..........................................................................ii
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................. ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................... x
ES1: Background ................................................................................................................. x
ES2: Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Plan ................................ x
ES3: Description of the study area ..................................................................................... x
ES4: Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Institutional Framework ............................................. xi
ES5: Summary of Main findings of the study..................................................................... xii
ES6: Project Alternatives .................................................................................................. xiv
ES7: Environmental and Social Management Plan and Monitoring Plan Budget ............. xiv
ES8: ESMP Mitigation and Training Budget ....................................................................... xv
ES9: Institutional Arrangement for ESMP and Monitoring Plan.......................................... xv
ES10: Stakeholder Consultation......................................................................................... xvi
iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1
1.1
Project Background ................................................................................................... 1
1.3
Methodology of Assessment...................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER TWO: POLICY, LEGAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK .......................................................................... 3
2.1
Legal and Administrative Framework......................................................................... 3
2.2
Comparing the Nigeria Extant EA Law and the World Bank Operational Policies ..... 5
CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ......................................... 8
3.1
Project Area ............................................................................................................... 8
3.2
Overview of the Selected Rural Roads ...................................................................... 8
3.3
Proposed Road Construction/Rehabilitation Activities ............................................... 9
3.4
Design Criteria and Standards ................................................................................. 10
Geometric Design Standards................................................................................... 10
3.5
Map and Pictures of the Project Routes .................................................................. 14
CHAPTER FOUR: BASELINE CONDITIONS .................................................. 20
4.1
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 20
4.2
Baseline Environmental Conditions ......................................................................... 23
4.3
Baseline Sociological Conditions ............................................................................. 24
iv
CHAPTER FIVE: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES 34
5.1
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 34
5.2
Identified Potential Impacts (by Project Phases) ...................................................... 34
5.3
Nature and Summary of Impacts ............................................................................. 44
CHAPTER SIX:
6.1
LABOR INFLUX, GENDER BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) AND HIV/AIDS
50
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 50
6.2 Labor Influx ................................................................................................................... 50
6.3 Gender Based Violence ................................................................................................ 50
6.4 International Treaties Relevant to GBV ......................................................................... 51
6.5 Regional Treaties Relevant to GBV .............................................................................. 51
6.6 GBV Risk Management Mechanisms ........................................................................... 51
6.7 Social Impact Management Plan .................................................................................. 52
6.8
Overview of HIV/AIDs in Nigeria and Niger State .................................................... 63
CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
FOR THE RAMP II PHASE 2 ROADS PROJECTS .................................. 64
7.1
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 64
7.2
Institutional Assessment and Arrangement for ESMP Implementation .................... 64
7.3
Environmental and Socio-Economic Compliance Monitoring ................................... 96
v
CHAPTER EIGHT: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ..................................... 97
8.1
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 97
8.2
Setting up a Grievance Redress Committee............................................................ 97
8.3
Informing Parties on Levels and Channels of Grievance Uptake ............................. 98
8.4
Grievance Redress Procedure ........................................................................... 98
8.5
Financing of the Grievance Redress Mechanism and Cost of Remediation .......... 100
CHAPTER NINE: PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ................... 101
9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 101
9.2
Strategy for Consultation Process ......................................................................... 101
9.3
How Stakeholders were Categorized and Identified .............................................. 101
9.4 Fundamentals of Stakeholder Engagement Approach for Implementation ................. 103
APPENDIX 1: Checklist for Analysis of Environmental and Social Impacts Due to
Labor Influx and Workers’ Camps .................................................. 105
Appendix 1B: Terms of Reference .......................................................... 109
2.0
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CIVIL WORKS AND CONSULTING SERVICES ......... 109
APPENDIX 2: PROPOSED DESIGN ........................................................... 113
vi
APPENDIX 3: SAMPLE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................. 114
APPENDIX 4: PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCE PLAN AND CHANCE FIND
PROCEDURE ......................................................................... 116
APPENDIX 5: SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................ 117
APPENDIX 6: GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS FOR
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS .................................................... 119
Appendix 7 : Sample Company Code of Conduct ........................................ 127
Preventing Gender Based Violence and Violence Against Children ................. 127
APPENDIX 8: ATTENDANCE LIST/PEOPLE MET .......................................... 130
APPENDIX 9: DETAILED RESULT OF SOIL SAMPLES TESTED........................... 137
APPENDIX 10: DETAILED FLORAL SPECIES ALONG THE ROAD ROUTES ............ 142
APPENDIX 11: DETAILED WATER SAMPLE RESULTS .................................... 145
vii
APPENDIX 12: EXCERPTS OF FEDERAL HIGHWAY PROCEDURE (2013) .............. 155
Appendix 13: Minutes of Meeting with Stakeholders ................................... 156
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2: Niger State Environmental Laws ............................................................................................. 3
Table 3: Some International Laws and Treaties .................................................................................... 4
Table 4: List of Phase 1 Intervention Roads for Rehabilitation/Construction for Niger State RAMP II .... 9
Table 5: Summary of the Road Project Activities................................................................................... 9
Table 6: Road Construction Materials and their Sources ..................................................................... 11
Table 7: Summary Description of Project Activities ............................................................................. 13
Table 8: Showing Demographics of the RAMP-2 intervention area .................................................... 23
Table 10: Summary of Impacts ........................................................................................................... 43
Table 11: Site - Specific Negative Environmental Impacts with Mitigation ........................................... 46
Table 12: Site - Specific Negative Socio-Economic Impacts with Mitigation ........................................ 47
Table 13: Responsibilities of Key Stakeholders ................................................................................... 53
Table 14: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Mitigation Measures with
Responsibilities and Cost - Pre-Construction Phase ........................................................................... 63
Table 15: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Mitigation Measures with
Responsibilities and Cost - Construction Phase
........................................................................................................................................................... 6
7
Table 16: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Mitigation Measures with
Responsibilities and Cost - Operational Phase
........................................................................................................................................................... 7
6
Table 17: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Mitigation Measures with
Responsibilities and Cost - Maintenance Phase ................................................................................. 91
Table 18: Summary of ESMP budget for Implenentation and Monitoring............................................. 96
Table 19: Capacity Building (Training) Needs ..................................................................................... 96
Table 20: mplementation plan for grievance mechanism ................................................................... 101
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Delineated Map of Niger State Showing LGAs under Niger RAMP-2 Project Intervention ....... 8
Figure 2: Map Showing Section of Daku Bridge and Hayin Dikko........................................................ 14
Figure 3: Map Showing Section of Wushishi-Makushi-Bida Road Junction ......................................... 16
Figure 4 Map Showing Section of Sullu Junction-Kabo, Chimni and Korokpoase Iwa VillagesError!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5: Map Showing Section of Sullu Junction-Kabo Road ............................................................. 17
Figure 6: Map showing section of Kuta-Kobwa-Kafa-Layi Road .......................................................... 18
Figure 7: kafa village section of Kuta-Kobwa-Kafa-Layi Road
....................................................................................
Figure 8: Map showing section of Old Gawu-Tuna-Farin Doki
Road..........................................................................
Figure 9: Boku sarki section of Old Gawu-Tuna-Farin Doki
Road...............................................................................
Figure 10: Lapai Junction section of Old Gawu-Tuna-Farin Doki Road
......................................................................
Figure 12: Map of Niger State Showing its Local Government Areas .................................................. 19
Figure 13: Histogram showing Family Size andEducation level of PAPs; Source: Field survey (2018) 24
Figure 14: Occupation within the project area; Source: Field survey (2018) ........................................ 25
Figure 12: Occupation within the project area; Source: Field survey (2018)
....................................................
ix
Figure 16: Forest wood prepared for burning to produce fire wood and finished
Charcoal.....................................
Figure 17: Road Conditions at Madaka ............................................................................................... 27
Figure 18: Grievance Log showing steps for grievance redress ....................................................... 100
x
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES1: Background
The Federal Government of Nigeria has received financing from the World Bank (WB) and French
Development Agency (AFD) for the implementation of Second Rural Access and Mobility Project
(RAMP-2) currently in four States of Adamawa, Enugu, Niger and Osun; and intends to apply part of
the proceeds for consultancy services for the review/upgrade of Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP) and Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) prepared for the Niger
State RAMP-2. The construction/rehabilitation project is expected to cover an initial 403.54 Km of
already prioritized rural roads and river crossings.
The World Bank requires that an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESIA) is carried out
on projects proposed for Bank financing and categorized as “B”. The exercise ensures that projects
are thoroughly evaluated to identify environmental social risks and hazards, and management
measures put in place to eliminate or minimize their impacts based on the mitigation hierarchy to
ensure both social and environmental feasibility and sustainability. The ESMP enables informed
decision making.
ES2: Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Plan
The objective of the ESMP is to develop procedures and plans to ensure that the mitigation
measures will be implemented throughout the phases for the road construction/rehabilitation projects
in Niger state under the RAMP-2. It has also been prepared to ensure the effective long-term
protection of the area and other biotic and abiotic components of the environment.
ES3: Description of the study area
Niger State is located in the north central Nigeria at 8o20’N 3o30’E. It has a land mass of about
76,363km2 (29,484sqmi). The state shares boundaries with Kaduna and Federal Capital Territory in
the east and south east respectively, Kebbi and Zamfara states in the north, Kwara and Kogi states
in the south and Benin republic in the west.
The State is well endowed with many mineral resources which include gold, tin, iron, marble, copper,
kaolin, silica, limestone, felsper, sand talc and quartz. The state has a great potential for tourism and
some of the Tourist attractions are Zuma Rock, Gurara falls, Baro Empire Hill, Colonial ruins at
Zungeru, Nagwamatse Well and Kainji Lake National Park.
The project area covers 403.54km lengths which have 14 feeder roads. The selection of the 14
feeder roads followed a set of selection criteria that include population, level of traffic, agricultural
productivity, and connection to essential services such as market, hospital, storage and processing
centers. The list of the selected roads is shown in Table below.
List of Niger State RAMP-2 Phase 11 Intervention Roads for Rehabilitation/Construction
Local
Road
S/No Roa
Name of Road
d ID
Government
Lengt
Area
h
1
R1-1
Sullu Junction - Daku Bridge - Sabon Diko
Gurara/Tafa
4.62
2
R1-2
Sullu Junction – Kabo
Suleja/Gurara
10.61
3
R1-3
Old Gawu - Tuna – Farindoki
Gurara
21.97
x
4
R2-1
Kutigi - Dasun - Tashan Hajiya road
Lavun
55.32
5
R2-2
Doko - Gaba – Sheshi
Lavun
14.43
6
R2-3
Badeggi - Ebba – Kataeregi
Katcha
42.14
7
R2-7
Patibokungi - Jebo - Angasa
Lavun
12.02
8
R2-8
Wuyakantin - Etsu Tasha - Kpatagi
Edati
22.65
9
R3-2
Kuta - Kobwa - Kafa – Layi
Shiroro
25.84
10
R3-3
Pandogari – Bassa
Rafi/Shiroro
54.75
11
R3-5
Wushishi - Makusidi - Bida road
Wushishi
22.85
12
R4-3
Bangi - Kompanin Bobi
Mariga
88.70
13
R4-6
Fellegi – Shafini
Mashegu
12.17
14
R5-1
Luma- Shagunu
Borgu
26.92
Total Length
403.54
Project Environment
Niger State experiences distinct dry and wet seasons with annual rainfall varying from 1,100mm in
the northern parts to 1,600mm in the southern parts. The mean annual temperature increases
northward from about 30oC to 37oC. This expected high levels and frequency of rains as well as
dehydration resulting from high tempreture periods can affect work. These can be mitigated by
selection of lower density period to commece work as well as constructing bridges to aid in
movement of equipment and people. The maximum temperature is recorded between March and
June, while the minimum is usually between December and January. The rainy season lasts for
about 150 days in the northern parts to about 120 days in the southern parts of the State.
Rainfall intensity ranges from 60mm/hr to 105mm/hr. Squall line weather conditions are also common
resulting in the incidence of dense, dark cumulo nimbus clouds with thunder and lightning followed by
strong winds and rainfall of very high intensity. Relative humidity within the state varies both
temporally and seasonally, on the average due to the combined effect of the prevailing winds and
solar radiation. Relative humidity could be as low as 20% at the peak of the dry season.
Social Baseline Environment
The socio-economic assessment studies were aimed at examining the socioeconomic conditions of
the people living around the project areas in Niger State. The emirate towns in the project area
include Suleja, Bida, Kontangora and Borgu. This is to ensure that the potential impacts of the
proposed rehabilitation project is captured and described while proffering solutions to possible
negative impacts to human habitat, health and livelihoods.
ES4: Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Institutional Framework
The section on Policy examined the various regulation and legal documents as it concerns Nigeria
and Niger State. The World Bank Safeguards and other relevant International guidelines applicable
to the sub-project intervention were also examined. The various institutional frameworks relevant to
the RAMP were also evaluated in this section.
The Construction/Rehabilitation Project is rated a World Bank Category B (equivalent to Category II in
the
xi
Nigeria EIA Act) project in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Policy of the World Bank,
which will focus on mitigation and Environmental planning measures. The identified World Bank
safeguard policies triggered by the rehabilitation of the gully site include; Environmental Assessment
(OP 4.01); Natural Habitats (OP 4. 04) and Physical and Cultural Resources (OP 4.11) and
Involuntary Displacement (O.P 4.12).
ES5: Summary of Main findings of the study
Potential impacts for the Road Construction/Rehabilitation works
S/N POSITIVE IMPACTS
NEGATIVE IMPACTS
1
Ground Water
recharge:
During
the Increased Air Pollution: Air pollution will result
construction of the roads, burrow pits will be as a result of the generation of dust particles
established to exploit road base and sub base and vehicular/machinery emissions. Also
materials. The pits will subsequently serve as increase in vehicular traffic on the roads
runoff traps to ultimately detain such runoffs in would result in increased dusts and emissions
pools which gradually seep into the ground of
carbon
monoxide,
hydrocarbon
water to recharge it.
particulates, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, and
some carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
Ecosystem Modification and Encouragement Creation of Respiratory Difficulties and other
2
of Biodiversity: The establishment of the these Health Abnormalities: Dusty Air pollution that
run off traps in the burrow pits will encourage result during construction and operation of
a change of the ecosystem from terrestrial to earth roads as envisaged in these projects
aquatic
system
resulting
in
the are likely to generate respiratory difficulties
encouragement of diverse population of faunal and other health related challenges to the
and flora species, thereby increasing the workers and users of the roads.
biodiversity along the road corridors. This is a
positive impact of regional spread or scope,
strategic in importance, long
term in duration and irreversible in nature.
Improvement in the Visual appeal of the Heat fluxes: In addition to the air pollution
3
Roads: The roads are presently narrow and during and after the roads have constructed
highly eroded in most segments and in other and are under operation, the increased
segments they are filled with sand deposits. vehicular traffic along the roads is expected to
The projects will cause these to be widened result in increased heat fluxes which could
and well paved with stable sub base and base affect the transpiration of plants in the narrow
materials. Subsequently, the roads will be fully strip bordering the roads. Therefore, there
finished with a relatively resistant pavement may be poor performance of crops in
layer that can withstand rapid wear by adjacent farms to these roads that will
vehicles plying them. This will increase the drastically affect their productivity.
aesthetic quality of the roads and in addition
increase the passing and stopping sight
distance
minimizing the risks of accidents.
xii
4
Aquatic
Ecosystem
Modification:
The
improvement of the roads’ conditions will result in
channelling most of the runoff along the road
corridor. As a result, there will be increase in
sediment load and transportation into
drainage streams and rivers when volumes of
runoff increase especially during the rainy
season.
5
Improved Access: The construction of these
roads
Noise Pollution: The construction of these
roads will require the deployment of heavy
equipment many of which will generate noise
that is significantly higher than the normal
background noise levels. During the operation
stage, the volume of vehicles plying the road
will also generate noise that is significantly
higher than these background noise levels
especially on market days when the volume
of traffic is bound
to be significantly highest.
Erosion: The construction of a road increases
the
xiii
6
7
8
projects will increase the capacity of their
capacity to accommodate more traffic and
enhance faster movement of traffic than the
existing
deteriorated
and
dilapidated
conditions. The construction will result in
improvement for these roads and will further
guarantee very smooth movement of traffic
through them. It will also Facilitate Access to
Basic Needs at household level such as ease
of getting to health centres, farms and other
areas of production, markets, food processing
centres and also positively contribute to the
ability of the households to fulfill their social
and religious
obligations
within
and
outside
their
communities.
Gain in Travel time (Savings in Travel Time):
There would be a significant reduction in the
time taken to travel along the roads and the
local government’s headquarters and even
between communities along the road as a
result of the widening and straightening of
bends and reduction in the gradient of some
of the hilly sections. These would translate to
an increase in
the time saved travelling on these roads.
Swift and Improved Movement of Goods and
Services: The improved access would not only
make for the easy movement of people within
the area and beyond but also adequately and
efficiently enable the supply and distribution of
farm inputs to the rural farmers (where it is
mostly needed) and swift aid the movement of
farm produce to the markets far and near as
well as the distribution of factors of production
including manpower such that there will
efficient
distribution and access to basic infrastructure
and goods.
Boost to the Local Economy: With Improved
road conditions and easy movement of goods
and services, local market will be easily visited
by traders from far and near, thereby
contributing to the buying and selling in these
markets. The economic effects of well
patronized and more easily accessed market
will result in boosting the markets and the
local economy which will subsequently
translate to improved standard of living.
run-off and hence reduces infiltration of rain
water into the ground. Given that Niger State
is relatively humid and with often torrential
rains in the region, soils are very easily
eroded especially at the slopes. This direct
loss can threaten the entire road if not
adequately managed.
Biodiversity loss: Construction activities
including corridor vegetation clearing and soil
compactment could lead to biodiversity loss.
Displacement of people: As the roads are laid
out along existing paths and tracks widening
them will result in issues of obstruction of the
roads’ right of way. Such obstruction occurs
in the form of houses, utilities and commercial
investments in the form of shops and sheds.
Accidents:
Accidents
are
unfortunate
occurrence on roads after development, due
to human factors. Usually, Pedestrians,
cyclists and other road users constitute the
vulnerable groups to vehicular accidents.
Accidents could become common because of
fast
moving
vehicles
colliding
with
construction
materials
and
sites
of
constructing road platforms such as culverts,
bridges and excavation fill materials.
Similarly, poor visibility as a result dusts laden
atmospheric air during construction stage,
can cause accidents
with pedestrians.
xiv
9
Reduction in Cost of Operation and
Maintenance of Vehicles: Improved road
surfacing and prompt repairs of failures on
the road will significantly
reduce the wear and tear of vehicles.
Similarly, the reduction in the average travel
time will result
Security Risk: Improved mobility will enable
persons of dubious character ease of mobility
from far and near into communities along the
roads’ corridors. Thus, the security risk in the area
traversed by the road will increase.
xv
10
11
12
13
in reduced cost of operating vehicles.
Reduction In the cost of Transportation: With
the improvement in the roads’ condition, more
vehicles will be attracted to ply the roads
especially on market days. This will increase
traffic
on
these
roads
and
hence
transportation costs on these roads will
drastically reduce, making the cost of
production and movement of agricultural
products to the market cheaper.
Employment
Generation:
During
the
construction phase of the project a large
number of unskilled and a smaller but
significant number of skilled labour would be
required. New jobs would be created both for
skilled and unskilled workers
during the construction phase.
Contribution to Agriculture: The roads would
facilitate the movement of agricultural produce
to markets. Similarly, agricultural inputs will be
easily transported to these rural agricultural
communities at cheaper rates and hence
farmer would be encouraged to increase their
productivity. This is a positive boost to
agricultural
production.
Gender Empowerment through Provision of
Access: Construction of the road will further
improve access to factors of production and
market facilities. The case in point here is the
access to markets for the female gender
group to enable them sell their wares
(processed foods and vegetables), to sustain
and empower them. It is possible for the
government to assist these women by training
them in food and vegetable processing skills
so that they can diversify their
businesses.
Influx of non-local labor and working
conditions issues may occur and lead to risks
such as workers’ sexual relations with minors
and resulting pregnancies, presence of sex
workers in the community, the spread of
HIV/AIDS, sexual harassment of female
employees, child labor and abuse
Gender based violence may occur in the
project target areas including Intimate Partner
Violence (IPV), public harassment including
verbal insults, physical abuse, rape, harmful
widowhood practices and women and child
trafficking
This ESMP therefore will ensure that the adverse/negative impacts are reduced to the barest
minimum while the beneficial impacts are enhanced.
ES6: Project Alternatives
Various alternatives to the planned rehabilitation were evaluated. However, the preferred alternative
would be to implement the current project proposal with a combination of suitable alternatives to
enable the project to achieve its objectives. This is mainly based on cost benefit analysis as well as
sustainability.
ES7: Environmental and Social Management Plan and Monitoring Plan Budget
The ESMP included the various impacts discussed according to the respective phases during project
xiv
implementation. The impacts have been described, as they will impact on the different environmental
and social sensitivities. The mitigation measures, mitigation costs and institutional responsibilities
were also
xv
highlighted in the ESMP matrix table.
The total cost for Implementing the ESMP and Monitoring Plan for the Road
Construction/Rehabilitation works is estimated at N11,986,500, equivalent of USD 39,300 (ThirtyNine Thousand Three Hundred Dollars). The ESMP matrix for the implementation is highlighted
below:
ES8: ESMP Mitigation and Training Budget
Item
Responsibility for Cost Breakdown
implementation
and Monitoring
Mitigation Cost for Contractor
PIU
ESMP
, SMEnvr, ,
FRSC
NISEP
A,
Training,
and
Capacity
Building
Manageme
of PIU, SMEnvr,
nt ESMP
NISEPA
Implementation
Monitoring,
PIU,
SMEnv
Evaluation &
NISEP
r,
Audit
A,
FERM
SMW
A,
Mitigation Cost for SPIU
Labour influx an
GBV
d
Budget for
SPIU
Grievance
Redress
SUB- TOTAL
Contingency
TOTAL
10% of
Cost
Mitigation
10%of Mitigation
Cost
Cost Estimate
in
Nigerian
Naira (N)
Cost
Estimat
e in
Us Dollars
(USD)
7,320,000
24,000
2,287,500
7500
732,000
2400
732,000
2400
5%of Mitigation Cost 366,000
1,200
5%of Mitigation Cost 366,000
1,200
2.5%o
f
Cost
11,437,500
Mitigation
183,000
37,500
600
11,986,500
39,300
ES9: Institutional Arrangement for ESMP and Monitoring Plan
It is envisaged that the environmental and social impacts and their designed enhancement and
mitigation measures shall be monitored during implementation of the construction/rehabilitation works
and operation phases. The roles and responsibilities for monitoring the environmental and social
impacts and the implementation of the ESMP are as follows.
Overall sub-project coordination will be housed in Project Management Unit (PIU), of Niger State
RAMP Office. They will oversee the day-day project management and ensure that environmental and
socio- economic concerns and management as elucidated in the ESMP are integrated into all
xvi
aspects of project implementation. The Niger State Ministry of Environment; herein referred to as
State Ministry of Environment (SMEnv); and Niger State Environmental Protection Agency (NISEPA)
will monitor, evaluate and audit the implementation of the ESMP to ensure that the rehabilitation
works, and project operations meet “best environmental practices”.
xvii
Awareness creation exercises on HIV/AIDS, environmental protection and personal hygiene and
sanitation shall also be undertaken for contactors personnel and all stakeholders involved in project
implementation.
ES10: Stakeholder Consultation
The public consultation strategy for the ESMP activities evolved around the provision of a full
opportunity for involvement for all stakeholders, especially the PAPs. Concerns raised by the
stakeholders are documented and incorporated in this report and used to develop mitigation and/or
enhancement measures.
The stakeholders were informed of the visits through the existing communication line between the
SPIU and the communities.
Consultations were held in two folds: Stakeholders converged at central venues for community wide
consultations and subsequently in smaller common groups. Meeting with common groups such as
vulnerable groups and women was carried out in a most culturally acceptable manner. This entailed
having a separate meeting with the groups which was helpful in determining the need, voice and
concerns that may not have been fully expressed during the general community consultations.
For example, the vulnerable group including women PAP and aged persons, want to be notified and
carried along in persons during RAP implementation. They do not want their entitlements to be
transferred through third parties. Concerns raised by Women groups consulted did not differ from the
general concerns of members of the communities.
Consultations were held in Kasuwa-Garba, Katarege, Kuta, Tuna and Genu during the field work.
Stakeholders and community members were given a general overview of the project, the component
and information regarding the ESMP and other relevant information in the TOR.
ES11: Disclosure
This ESMP shall be disclosed to the public at designated centers and published in two
newspapers accessible to the project area, inline with the guideline of the Federal Ministry of
Environment. Subsequently, the report will be disclosed in the external website of the World
Bank.
xvii
i
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
The Federal Government of Nigeria has received financing from the World Bank (WB) and
French Development Agency (AFD) for the implementation of Second Rural Access and Mobility
Project (RAMP-2) currently in four States of Adamawa, Enugu, Niger and Osun; and intends to
apply part of the proceeds for consultancy services for the review/upgrade of Environmental and
Social Management Plan (ESMP) and Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) prepared
for the Niger State RAMP-2. The construction/rehabilitation project is expected to cover an initial
403.54 Km of already prioritized rural roads and river crossings.
The RAMP-2 is aimed at improving and enhancing accessibility and mobility in the rural areas.
Accessibility and mobility are critical issues in the lives of the rural population, considering that
majority of them are Agriculturalists. Movement of their agricultural inputs and outputs (produce)
is hinged on accessibility and mobility. Presently, most rural areas in the RAMP-2 participating
States suffer as a result of absence of roads, culverts and bridges and/or poor conditions of
same. The average rural agriculturalist produces for both subsistence and commerce. The
unavailability and or the poor condition of the roads, culverts and bridges means that the
commercial aspects of their agriculture is hampered or minimized. This invariably diminishes their
economic and socio-cultural wellbeing. Thus, the RAMP-2 project by the WB and AFD is a timely
and appropriate intervention, which will certainly enhance the economies and livelihoods of the
benefiting communities.
As part of the credit agreement with the World Bank, projects supported by funding are usually
subjected to environmental and social safeguard screening to determine the environmental and
social risk and impacts, and identify mitigation measures before approval. For the RAMP-2
projects, four World Bank Operational Policies are triggered by the RAMP sub-projects in the 4
states but 2 are specific to Niger RAMP namely, the (OP/BP 4.01, Environmental Assessment
and OP/BP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement). OP/BP 4.01 is triggered for a project that involves
civil works/construction as it has the tendency to affect the natural and physical environment
while OP/BP 4.12 is triggered for a project that require acquisition of land, involuntary
displacement or prevention of access to asset or loss of livelihood.
In compliance with the national regulations and the requirements of the World Bank’s Safeguard policies,
there is a need for proper and enhanced, environmental and social management plans and
programs, in the course of implementing these projects. Therefore, this document has been
prepared to present a concise bholistic Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for
the implementation of the construction/rehabilitation works sub-project under the Niger State
RAMP-2.
1.3
Methodology of Assessment
The following procedures were followed in the preparation of this ESMP:

Literature review of the relevant documents as contained in the TOR including the
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Project Appraisal Document
(PAD), Project Implementation manual (PIM), existing ESMP, World Bank safeguard
policies, project design document, environmental management guidelines and regulatory
and legal documents;
 Site visit to all the roads in lot 1,2&3 to inspect the state of the rural roads/sub-projects
requiring interventions;
 Assessment of the environmental features that may serve as risks to the sub-projects
1
 Identification of impact mitigation
measures;

Identification of potential impacts;
 Identification of impact mitigation
measures;
1


Assessment of Capacity of the Niger State SPIU team to handle environmental, health
and safety risks;
Preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Plan.
2
CHAPTER
TWO: POLICY,
LEGAL
ADMINISTRATIVE
AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.1
Legal and Administrative Framework
In Nigeria, the power of regulation of all environmental matters is vested in the Federal Ministry of
Environment (FMENV), establish by Act in 1988). In Part III of the Act 88, the State Governments
are encouraged to set up “their own Environmental Protection Bodies for the purpose of maintaining
good environmental quality in the area of related pollutants under their control.” Some of the functions
of the State Environmental Protection Agencies (SEPAs) and the summary of their functions are
presented in the table below;
Table 1: Showing Nigeria Legal and Administrative Frameworks
S/N
Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV),
establish by Act in 1988)
Liaising with the Federal Ministry of
Environment, FMENV to achieve a
healthy or better management of the
environment via development of National
Policy on Environment
Responsibility for
monitoring
waste management
standards,
Responsibility for general environmental
matters in the State, and
Monitoring the implementation of
EIA studies and other
environmental studies for
all development projects in the State.
2.1.1 Environmental Laws and Policies Relevant to Niger State RAMP-2
These are summarized in the table below;
Table 2: Niger State Environmental Laws
1
2
3
Environmental Impact Assessment Act
(EIA) 1992
The EIA Act No of 86 of 1992 makes EIA
mandatory for any major development
projects likely to have adverse impacts
on the environment such as Dam
construction, Irrigation, Mining, Road
construction etc, and prescribes the
procedure for conducting
and reporting EIA’s
This Act of 1958 provides for the
Forestry Act 1958
preservation of forests and the setting up
of forest reserves. It is an offense,
punishable with up to 6 months
imprisonment, to cut down trees over 2ft
in girth or to set fire to
the forest.
Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provision, This law was enacted to prohibit the
etc) Act - (No 42 of 1988) Retained as Cap carrying, depositing and dumping of
H1 LFN 2004
harmful waste on any land, territorial
waters and
other related matters.
3
4
5
Endangered Species (Control of
International Trade and Traffic) Act Retained as Cap E9 LFN
2004
Water Resources Act - Retained as Cap
W2 LFN 2004 Amended, 2016
6
National
Environmental Standards
and Regulations Enforcement
Agency Act 2007
7
National Policy on Environment and
National Agenda 21
8
Management of Hazardous and Solid
Wastes Regulation
Enacted to provide for the conservation
and
management of Nigeria’s wild life and the
protection of her endangered species.
The Act was enacted to promote the
optimum planning, development and use
of the Nigeria’s Water Resources and
other
matters connected therewith.
The Act establishes the Enforcement
Agency for the effective enforcement of
Standards, Regulations and all National
and International Agreements, Treaties,
Conventions
and
Protocols
on
environment
to which Nigeria is a signatory.
This statement of environmental policy
establishes
priorities
and
gives
expression to national goals and
aspirations. It provides a statutory
foundation for which decision- makers
may refer to for guidance in making
decisions in respect of sustainable
development, whenever environmental
values are in conflict with other
values or
whenever transboundary issues are
involved.
The management of hazardous and solid
waste regulation, S.1.15 of 1991 (No.
102, Vol. 7, August 1991) defines the
requirements for groundwater protection,
surface impoundment, land treatment,
waste piles, landfills, incinerators etc
2.1.2 International Laws and Treaties which Nigeria is a Signatory
Nigeria is involved in a number of conventions and treaties with relevance on environmental
protection and preservation. Some of these relevant to the present study are presented in the
table below;
Table 3: Some International Laws and Treaties
1
International Laws and Treaties which
Nigeria is a Signatory
1.
2.
3.
United Nations Convention on
Biological Diversity
United Nations Convention on
Climate Change
Vienna Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer
2.1.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies
The operational policies of the World Bank for safeguarding developmental projects include:
 OP/BP 4.11: Physical Cultural
Property
4





OP/BP 4.01: Environmental Assessment
OP/BP 4.04: Natural Habitats
OP 4.09 : Pest Management
OP/BP 4.12:Involuntary Resettlement
OP 4.20: Indigenous Peoples
 OP/BP 4.11: Physical Cultural
Property
4




OP 4.36: Forestry
OP/BP 4.37: Safety of Dams
OP/BP 7.50: Projects on International Waters
OP/BP 7.60: Projects in Disputed Areas
Four (4) of these operational policies namely: OP/BP 4.01, OP/BP 4.04, OP/BP 4.11, and OP/BP
4.12 were triggered by the RAMP-2 project. However, only two -OP/BP 4.12 and OP/BP 4.01 are
triggered by the Niger RAMP-2. While OP.4.12 is addressed in a separate report prepared by
Niger RAMP-2, OP/BP 4.01 is addressed by this report.
OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment
Component 1.1 and 1.2 of the Project involve upgrading/rehabilitation of rural roads and river
crossings in the intervention areas in Niger state. The upgrading/rehabilitation works activities
such as vegetation clearing, use of heavy equipment, soil compactment, etc will exert negative
impacts on the environment, and therefore, triggers OP/BP 4.01. The objective of OP 4.01 is to
ensure that projects financed by the Bank are environmentally and socially sustainable, and that
the decision-making process is improved through an appropriate analysis of the actions including
their potential environmental impacts.
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is the suitable instrument for this
assignment as a category B project. The implication is that the impacts are site specific, not large
scale and reversible through specific mitigation measures.
The RAMP-2 project has been categorized as B based on World Bank project risk classification
or category 2 according to the classification by Federal Ministry of Environment. The implication
of the category (B or
2) by both interpretations is that the expected environmental impacts are largely site-specific, few
if any of the impacts are irreversible, and mitigation measures can be designed relatively readily.
The environmental assessment for a Category B project:
 examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts,
 recommends measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts, and
 recommends measures to improve environmental performance
ESMP provides a set of procedures through which RAMP will develop and implement
environmental, social, health, and safety management systems, programs, processes and
procedures that will establish a foundation for sound mitigation of adverse impacts, enhancement
of positive impacts, institutional responsibilities, indicative costs for mitigation and eventual
monitoring of the ESMP.
The ESMP outlines RAMP’s Project Management Unit’s corporate commitment to managing the
project in a responsible, safe and sustainable manner whereby the protection of the environment,
safety of people and social concerns take priority above all other business concerns.
The ESMP will also ensure compliance with applicable environmental standards all through the
life span of the project. The Bank will disclose the ESMP document publicly, in Nigeria and at the
World Bank Info- shop before project appraisal.
2.2
Comparing the Nigeria Extant EA Law and the World Bank
Operational Policies
A comparison of the World Bank OP 4.01 is and the Nigerian extant laws are presented in the
matrix below:
5
Aspects
Extant EA Laws
Mandatory EA The law makes it mandatory for
proponents of all development
projects to undertake mandatory
EA to ascertain the environmental
sensitivity of the project whether
EIA is required or not before
proceeding
with project implementation
Project
for All projects with significant adverse
s EIA
effects on the environment
World Bank OPs
For all Bank supported project,
consideration for EA, is required
before approval of the proposed
project
in
order
to
ensure
environmental
and
social
sustainability of the project.
Social
Sustainability
WB OPs is ver rigid with social
sustainability y It
mainstream
All projects with significant adverse
effect whose impact can be mitigated
through planning
Exclusion from 1. All projects that fall under Projects that have been preEIA
category 3, implying that they determined to have no adverse
have
no
adverse environmental and social impacts,
environmental impacts
typical of category C projects.
2. Those in the list of projects
which
the
President,
Commander-inChief of the Armed Forces or
the Council is of the opinion
that the environmental effects
of the project is likely to be
minimal;
3. the project is to be carried out
during national emergency for
which temporary measures
have
been
taken
by
the
Government;
Required to be carried out at early Required to be carried out at early
Screening
stage of project conception, stage of project conception, planning
planning & design to determine & design to determine the nature,
the nature, scope, site, and scope, site, and environmental
environmental impacts. It also impacts. It also determines the
determines the
category of the subcategory of the sub-project
project
Category
2 categories- 1, 2 and 3
3 Categories,- A, B, C and F1
1 and 2 required for further EA
A, B and F1 required for further EA
study
study
Public
Provides that opportunity be given Public or community consultation is a
engageme
to
government
agencies, continuous process of public inclusion
nt or
members of the public, experts in and participation in decision that
consultatio
any relevant discipline and affects any development project
n
interested groups to make
comment
on
environmental
impact assessment before final
decision on the proposed
development
Pollution limit Guided & regulated by the Guided & regulated by the Pollution
Control
national guideline & standard for Prevention and Abatement handbook,
environmental pollution control
and also takes into account the
borrower country’s legislation and local
condition
The extant EIA laws anticipates
and
addresses social concerns but in .
s
a
rather non-stringent manner. In vulnerability, involuntary resettlement
6
terms of project involving land
acquisition, it compensates land
for money subject to right of
ownership
of
land.
Asset
compensation is based on the
current market value of the asset
Disclosure
Manageme
nt Plan
and gender concerns in its EA
concerns. In terms of project
involving land acquisition, it
compensates land for land and
compensation for non-land asset is
based on asset replacement amount
at current market value irrespective
of PAPs right to land being occupied.
Required to be carried out in To be disclosed at two levels: in
accessible public domain such as country and at World Bank infoshop
national daily, FMEnv, SMEnv,
LGAs and at the implementing
institutions
Concerns & Input of the public to be
taken into account in further decision
Concerns & Input of the public to of the project
be taken into account in further
decision of the project
Requires that mitigation measures Requires that mitigation measures be
be
offered
to
adverse offered to adverse environmental &
environmental impacts and an social impacts and an ESMP
EMP
prepared
to
ensure prepared to ensure management of
management of the impacts
the safeguards
to reduce adverse conditions
concerns.
From the above, it is found that a lot of similarities exist between the World Bank operational
policies and the Nigerian extant EA laws. However, where discrepancies exist, the more stringent
one will take preeminence. Thus, for this ESMP, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank
operational procedures were harmonized as far as possible, hence it is made responsive to the
objectives of good practice with regard to the followings:




Early consideration of environmental and social issues (starting at the screening stage);
Identification and early consultation with stakeholders;
Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and
Incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.
7
CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1
Project Area
The proposed construction/rehabilitation works will be implemented in Niger State. The Niger
State RAMP-2 prioritized rural roads for intervention covers about 830km of rural road. However,
this ESMP is for the 403.54km rural roads under the first phase intervention. The list of the
selected phase two roads is shown in Table 1.
Figure 1: Delineated Map of Niger State Showing LGAs under Niger RAMP-2 Project Intervention
Figure 1 above shows the LGAs where the selected road routes for upgrade/rehabilitation are
located. These include Mokwa, Magama, Borgu, Suleja, Tafa, Gurara and Gbako.
3.2
Overview of the Selected Rural Roads
The roads prioritized for construction/rehabilitation under this sub-project of the Niger State RAMP-2 are
provided in Table 1 below. The project area covers a road stretch of 403.54. Km.
8
Table 4: List of Phase 1 Intervention Roads for Rehabilitation/Construction for Niger State RAMP II
S/No
Roa
d
ID
Name of Road
Local
Government
Area
Road Length
(Km)
Gurara/Tafa
4.62
Suleja/Gurara
10.61
1
R1-1
Sullu Junction - Daku Bridge Sabon
2
R1-2
Sullu Junction – Kabo
3
R1-3
Old Gawu - Tuna – Farindoki
Gurara
21.97
4
R2-1
Kutigi - Dasun - Tashan Hajiya
road
Lavu
n
55.32
5
R2-2
Doko - Gaba – Sheshi
Lavu
n
14.43
6
R2-3
Badeggi - Ebba – Kataeregi
Katcha
42.14
7
R2-7
Patibokungi - Jebo – Angasa
Lavu
n
12.02
8
R2-8
Wuyakantin - Etsu Tasha – Kpatagi
Edati
22.65
9
R3-2
Kuta - Kobwa - Kafa – Layi
Shiroro
25.84
10
R3-3
Pandogari – Bassa
Rafi/Shiroro
54.75
11
R3-5
Wushishi - Makusidi - Bida road
Wushishi
22.85
12
R4-3
Bangi - Kompanin Bobi
Mariga
88.70
13
R4-6
Fellegi – Shafini
Mashegu
12.17
3.3
14
Proposed
Construction/Rehabilitation
Activities
R5-1 Road
Luma
– Shagunu
Borgu
26.92
Total Length
403.54
Detailed below are summaries of proposed project activities extracted from theengineering
designs prepared for the respective sites.
Table 5: Summary of the Road Project Activities
Project Phase
Mobilization
Proposed
Activities
Identification and demarcation of Right of Way (RoW), workers,
camp site, burrow pits areas, quarry sites, access roads, stone
crushing areas and materials storage yards. Site clearing within the
RoW, workers campsite, burrow pits, quarry sites and access
roads.
Opening
of
burrow
pits,
quarry
sites
and
access
roads.
Transportation of equipment (bull dozers, caterpillars, heavy duty
vehicles, stone crushers, etc), and construction
Construction
materials (e.g. stone aggregates, sand, cement, gravel, etc) to the
site
Earth movements, excavations and stockpiling of excavated
materials.
9
Road cutting, filling-in, and surfacing.
Operation of burrow pits, quarry sites and cement batch plant.
Stockpiling of construction materials such as sand, stone
aggregates, cement, etc.
Installation of culverts and bridge structures
Creation of roadside drains and storm water drainages and access
roads.
Transportation of construction materials such as sand, cement, stone
aggregate and soils.
Demolition of workers and Contractor’s camp site Closure and
Demobilization
restoration of burrow pits and quarry sites Rehabilitation /
restoration of access roads.
Closure and restoration of materials storage yards and stone
crusher sites.
Dismantling / demolition of cement and stone crushers.
Operational
3.4
Completion of project, leading to all associated positive benefits of
increased access.
Design Criteria and Standards
The Federal Ministry of Works’ Highway Design Manual Part 1: Design; Volume 1: Geometric
Design (2013) provides design criteria and standards for the design of various classes of roads,
of which low volume (access) roads fall under class “D”.
However, because of the peculiarity in the design requirements of rural roads, there is now
increasing realization by rural roads design practitioners that it would be inappropriate to design
rural roads on the basis of traditional geometric standards only. Instead, practitioners agree that a
wider approach needs to be taken in which the overarching criterion of acceptability is the
achievement of an appropriate level of all-weather access at “least cost” to the society,
while at the same time ensuring that rural roads are “fit for purpose” in terms of user
requirements and road safety.
Geometric Design Standards
For the design of road alignments, the Design Consultant was guided by the Draft Low Volume
Roads (LVRs) Manual, 2016, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, which
was developed to adequately cater for the specific needs of rural roads in Nigeria.
Using the Draft LVR Manual approach, the project roads are expected to fulfill an access
function, whereby most of the existing alignment is retained. Thus, the existing alignment
dictates the travel speed (and hence, the horizontal and vertical alignments) depending on the
terrain and existing roadside development. In cases where there are potential safety issues
such as sharp crests and blind curves, appropriate countermeasures will be applied/installed on
a site specific basis.
For the road cross-section, the following elements have been adopted:
10
Width of Carriageway = 4.5m.
Width of Shoulder = 0.75m (each
side). Total width of roadway =
6.0m.
Roadway cross-fall (paved surface) =
3.5%. Roadway cross-fall (unpaved
surface) = 5.0%.
Side drain section = Trapezoidal/ Triangular (depending on soil properties of the location).
11
Pavement Structure
Tentatively, the pavement structure will comprise the following:
Base Course - 150mm Laterite (Min. CBR = 80%)
Sub base - 150mm Laterite (Min. CBR = 30%)
Pavement designs will be carried out to determine the thickness of the pavement materials
to be used for the Proposed Carriageway.
Culvert Types
Box culverts: 1.5m x 1.5m, 2.0m x 2.0m, 3.0m x 2.0m and 3.0m x 3.0m
Pipe culverts: DIA.900mm and DIA.1200mm
Construction Materials
The details of the quantities / amount of materials required for the road construction is contained
in the Tender Documents. Table below summaries the materials required for the road project and
their sources.
Table 6: Road Construction Materials and their Sources
Materials
Gravel and fill materials pits.
Sources
From burrows
Crushed aggregates and
surface dressing chips:
Stones chipping and boulders
will be obtained from closest
site.
Sharp sand:
River channel in the vicinity
12
Remar
k
All fill materials will be
transported by trucks
to the designatedfill
areas. Burrow pits will
be identified based on
proximity to project,
material type required,
type of approval from
authorities.
These
will
be
transported by trucks
to
the
designated
neede
d areas. However, this
material may not be
required
It is anticipated that
fine materials from
crushed stones (stone
dust) could
be used.
Construction Water:
The water for construction will
be obtained from existing
nearby seasonal rivers and
streams, during
rainy
season. However,
during dry seasons, it may
be
13
necessary todrill boreholes.
Construction
Equipment:
Bulldozer 250 350 HP; Front End
Loader 2.0 - 3.0 m³
Motor Grader 140
185
HP;
Excavator 1.0 - 1.5
m³; Grid Roller
(Sheepsfoot roller)
10
- 13.5 tonnes
It is expected contractor would
prepare all equipment required
for the project.
14
Table 7: Summary Description of Project Activities
S/N PROJECT PHASE
SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
1
Pre-construction Phase Movement of equipment to site. Digging and excavating
stable materials for road construction from the burrow
pits. Levelling, wetting and compaction. The sub base
will be first laid to obtain the shape of the road and
subsequently the road base will be deployed and laid.
The wetting of the laterite facilitates the binding and
minimizes the dustiness
that may arise especially if the laterite is dry.
The road corridor and right of way will be cleared of all
2
Construction Phase
vegetation and all unsuitable materials especially the
organic top soil. The excavated materials will be carted
away so as not to disturb the construction activities. Also,
workers’ camp sites, quarry sites and burrow pits will be
located and sited at designated locations. Access roads
and diversions would also be sited and created.
Construction materials such as cement, aggregates,
sand, iron rods, wood and water will be moved to
locations for the construction of culverts. Drains will be
constructed either on both sides of the road or on one
side beyond the road shoulders as may be required.
The culverts
may either be cuboid or trapezoidal in shape.
During the operation phase, the plan is for the Rural Road
3
Operation Phase
Maintenance Committees to work with their respective
LGA
Works departments in ensuring road maintenance.
At this stage all burrow pits will be decommissioned as
4
Decommissioning
they would have been completely exploited. Burrow pits
Phase
are to be restored (as near as possible) to their original
states. However, the land owner or the community may
decide that complete restoration to the original form is
not necessary as
they may need to store water for irrigated agriculture in
borrow pits
3.5
Map and Pictures of the Project Routes
The maps and pictures shown below are for the RAMP II project intervention routes in Niger
state. The essence of the maps and pictures to this ESMP is notably to show some important
social features and information that will be helpful during implementation of the ARAP and the
project in general. The emphasis on the maps includes built up areas, names of settlements
along the project corridor, locations of project affected assets/structures and water bodies.
15
Figure 2: Land Use Classification for Sullu Junction-Kabo Road Section
16
Figure 3: Land Use Classification for Wushishi-Makusidi-Bida Road Section
17
Figure 3: Land Use Classification Map for Sullu Junction-Kabo Road Section
18
Figure 5: Land Use Classification Map for Kuta-Kobwa-Kafa-Layi Road Section
19
Figure 6: Land Use Classification Map for Old Gawu-Tuna-Farin Doki Road Section
20
CHAPTER FOUR: BASELINE CONDITIONS
4.1
Introduction
Niger State is located in north Central Nigeria withtwenty- five local government areas. The state
capital is Minna, and other major towns are Bida, Kontagora, and Suleja. The State lies on 10o
00’N 6o 00’E. The state capital is about 145 km from the Federal Capital Territory Abuja. The
state is bordered to the North by Sokoto State, to the west by Kebbi State, South by Kogi, SouthWest by Kwara State. Kaduna State and the Federal Capital Territory border the State to both the
North-East and South-East respectively. Also, Niger State shares an international boundary with
the Republic of Benin in the Northwest. The States common boundary with the Republic of Benin
is along New Bussa, Agwara and Wushishi Local Government Areas; and this has given rise to
common inter- border trades between the two countries.
Figure 1: Map of Niger State Showing its Local Government Areas and the Project Affected LGAs in yellow
code
21
Niger State covers a total land area of 83,266,779 square kilometres which represents about 8% 10% of the total land area of Nigeria. This makes it the largest state in the country. About 85% of
the land is arable. The Southern Guinea Savannah vegetation covers the majority of the
landscape of the state and is characterised by woodlands and tall grasses interspersed with tall
dense floral species. However, within the Niger trough and flood plains, there are trees as tall as
24meters and as low as 17meters and a few oil palm trees. In some areas, traces of rain forest
species can also be seen.
Soil and Vegetation
Niger State is characterized by alluvial soils considerable variations. The soil variations include
Ku-soil and Ya-soil and could be used for agriculture and are rich in minerals for the manufacture
of various products. Characteristics of the two soil tyes include:


The Ku-soil which is less erodible
The Ya-soil which has a better water holding capacity.
Hydromorphic or waterlogged soils are largely found in the extensive flood plains of the Niger
River which are poorly drained and are generally greyish or sometimes whitish in colour, due to
the high content of silt. Ferosols which developed on sandstone formations can also be found
within the Niger trough. Their characteristic red colour enriched with a clay sub soil is noticeable
in the landscape. This sand type will be helpful during the road construction as it will form part of
the materials used during compaction. Termite hills dot the landscape, particularly between
Mokwa, Bida and Kontagora. These can be seen along the major highways in thestate.
Generally, the fertile soil and hydrology of the State permits the cultivation of most of Nigeria’s
staple crops and still allows sufficient opportunities for grazing, fresh water fishing and forestry
development.
Climate
Niger State experiences distinct dry and wet seasons with annual rainfall varying from 1,100mm
in the northern parts to 1,600mm in the southern parts. The mean annual temperature increases
northward from about 30oC to 37oC. This expected high levels and frequency of rains as well as
dehydration resulting from high tempreture periods can affect work. These can be mitigated by
selection of lower density period to commece work as well as constructing bridges to aid in
movement of equipment and people. The maximum temperature is recorded between March and
June, while the minimum is usually between December and January. The rainy season lasts for
about 150 days in the northern parts to about 120 days in the southern parts of the State.
Rainfall intensity ranges from 60mm/hr to 105mm/hr. Squall line weather conditions are also
common resulting in the incidence of dense, dark cumulo nimbus clouds with thunder and
lightning followed by strong winds and rainfall of very high intensity. Relative humidity within the
state varies both temporally and seasonally, on the average due to the combined effect of the
prevailing winds and solar radiation. Relative humidity could be as low as 20% at the peak of the
dry season.
Transportation in Niger State
Niger state is connected to neighboring states like Kaduna, Kebbi, Zamfara, Kwara, Kogi, and
Abuja, the capital of the country, by roads. The State is also connected by railroad to both Kano
(through Kaduna) in the north; and Ibadan and Lagos in the south west, (through Ilorin). The state
has other cities with an Airport in Minna. However, the state is faced with transportation problems.
Nevertheless, internal transportation is limited, as Ojo et al, (2013) noted that the major constraint
of the state among farmers is lack of transportation. In light of the above, the farmer is confronted
with the problem of product spoilage, poor market prices, and high cost of transport, among
others.
22
The Geology of Niger State
Niger State is covered by two major rock formations: The sedimentary and the basement complex
rocks. The sedimentary rocks to the south are characterised by sandstones and alluvial deposits,
particularly along the Niger valley and in most parts of Borgu, Bida, Agaie, Lapai, Mokwa, Lavun,
Gbako and Wushishi LGAs. To the north is the basement complex, characterised by granitic
outcrops or inselbergs which can be found in the vast topography of a rolling landscape. Such
inselbergs dominate the landscape in Rati, Shiroro, Minna, Mariga and Gurara.
A larger part of Niger state is within the Bida Basin. Three formations are recognised in the Nupe
Basin. These formations are the basal Lokoja Formation, Patti Formation and the uppermost
Agbaja Ironstone Formation. The Lokoja Formation rests unconformable on the Precambrian
basement rocks and averages about 30m in thickness. The formation is made up of thin basal
conglomerates overlain by predominant sandstone unit. The conglomerates consist of wellrounded pebbles and cobbles of quartz, feldspar and metamorphic/igneous rock fragments in a
whitish kaolinitic to micaceous matrix. Sandstone units are mostly massive, medium- to coarsegrained (fining-upward) and exhibit small scale cross stratification. This will be important for the
project as the construction materials will be sourced in the state and are readily available.
Urbanization
From in-depth interview, it was informed that in the last decade the settlements along the road
corridors witnessed some degree of expansion involving building more houses as a result of the
increase of the population of these communities.
However, some of the expansions are not regulated and so, constructions were observed on
marginal lands, close to flood plains of streams and rivers, too close to proposed road expansion
corridors of minimum width of 8-10 meters and will require the demolition of some of the
structures. It would appear as if most of the roads evolved from foot tracks and paths from field
observation.
Agriculture
Niger state is one of the highly agricultural intensive states in Nigeria. The population is actively
involved in producing many of the nation’s food stuffs such as yams, maize, soya beans, sesame
(benniseed), millet, sorghum, rice, cowpeas and cassava. Over half of the state land area (about
14,742 square meters) is actively growing yams such that the state is noted to have the biggest
yam market in West Afica at Paiko. Gurara tributaries of the Niger draining into the Kainji lake is
Livestock rearing area, as this is the main transhumance route to the south part of the country by
the nomadic Fulanis that also settle in within the forests. Grazing is a daily practice by the
resident and migratory herds of cattle, goats and sheep.
Mining
After Agriculture, mining is the most entrenched and expanding occupational practice in Niger
State. At present it will be difficult to estimate the size of land used for mining within the state as
there are pockets of illegal mining activities going on in the state. This is because of the
abundance of the mineral resources in the state. It was noticed however, that with the exception
of few instances, most of the exploration and exploitation for minerals is still predominantly
undertaken by peasant population using local and hazardous methods of boring deep mining
shafts into the ground without adequate protection against shaft collapse. Some of the mining
practices also include open cast mining where the land is deliberately stripped of its top cover to
gain access to the mineral ores. In some instances, the ores and their tailings are mined from the
river beds using some poisonous chemicals which wash into the river water to contaminate
downstream environments and their pollution. Therefore, there is need for workers to apply
caution while working in these areas.
23
Solid Minerals
Niger state is blessed with some solid mineral resources distributed fairly in some of the
formations within the state. They include Gold, Tlac, uranium, gemstones, feldspars and coal.
4.2
Baseline Environmental Conditions
A summary of the general environmental conditions around the project area is presented below:
Nature of Soil
Three major soils types in the project area include the ferruginous tropical soils, hydromorphic soils and
ferrosols. The most prominent soil type is the ferruginous tropical soils. The soil type is good for agriculture
and as materials for road construction work.
Geology/Terrain
The State is covered by two major rock formations namely the sedimentary and basement
complex. To the north is the basement complex characterized by granitic outcrops or inselbergs
which can be found in the vast topography of rolling landscape. Such inselberg dominates the
landscape in Rati, Shiroro, Minna, Mariga and Gurara. The region has high erosion potentials.
Vegetation
Niger has one of the largest and most fertile agricultural lands in the country. With only about
10% of the State’s arable land being cultivated. There is disappearance of traces of rainforest in the
Niger trough and flood plains. Lumbering activities take place in the Southern Guinea Savannah
zone.
Rainfall
The annual rainfall varies from about 1,600mm in the south to 1,200mm in the north. The duration
of the rainy season ranges from 150-210 days or more from the north to the south.
Flora:
The identification of the flora was carried out physically on sites by an ecologist, while
fauna/fishery inventories were accomplished by additional complimentary interviews of the locals.
The floral species in the two ecological zones differ primarily only in terms of density and height.
Appendix 3 shows the results of the inventory of the floral species along the respective road
routes. Some of the important and major flora species identified are phyllerithus muellerianus,
parinan polyandra, gmelina arborea, ximenia Americana and butyrospermum paradoxum.
Fauna:
After consultation with local residents and hunters within the area the wildlife species identified include:
Mammals: Monkeys, Wildcats, Hare, Antelopes, Pig, Buffalos, Hippopotamus
Birds: Doves, Cattle egret, Hawks, Bushfowls, Guinea fowls
Rodents: Grass-cutters, Rats, Giant rats, Squirrels
Reptiles: Crocodile, Snakes (of several species), Cobra, Vipers
Fish: tilapia, catfish
Local inhabitants acknowledged that there are several more species, which in recent times have
virtually become extinct or rare, due to hunting and perhaps habitat loss. Such species include hyena
and lion.
Air Quality
Baseline air quality assessment of the rural road was not a requirement in the TOR and therefore,
was not measured. However, observations from the field, such as the activities of charcoal
burning, the agricultural activities and local/ artesenal minings in the project areas may have
altered the air quality in
24
the area.
Noise Pollution
The noise levels along the roads corridors are low because of the rural setting. The background
noise limits recorded was 55dBA between 0600 and 2200 hours. This result did not exceed the
Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) noise level of 70dB or the World Health Organization’s
limit of 85dB.
4.3
Baseline Sociological Conditions
Tribes and Ethnic Composition
Although there are three major ethnic groups (Nupe, Gbagyi, and Hausa) in the State, other tribal
groups include - Kadara, Koro, Baraba, Kakanda, Ganagana, Dibo, Kambari, Kamuku, Pangu,
Dukkawa, Gwada and Ingwai. The State also has numerous settlers from other parts of the
Country.
Leadership Patterns and Political Process
The project area is governed at the apex by the Emir who has jurisdiction over an emirate. The
emirate towns in the project area include Suleja, Bida, Kontangora and Borgu. However, the
administrative hierarchy begins with the Ward Heads. The Ward Heads have social and political
jurisdiction over the ward under them. The Ward Head reports to the Village Head. The village
Head reports to the District Head who is answerable to the Emir. This order of administrative
governance is followed in addressing civil and legacy disputes.
Demographic Characteristics of the Project Area
The population figure for 2016 projected at 3 percent growth rate for Niger state (National Bureau
of Statistics) from 2006 as base year is 5,556,200. The Population, land Area and population
density according to local Government Areas are shown in table 5 below.
The dissagregated demographic features of the RAMP II project areas are summarized in a
matrix as shown in the Table below.
Table 8: Showing Demographics of the RAMP-2 intervention area
LGA
Gurara
Lavun
Rafi
Shiroro
Suleja
Tafa
Wushishi
Edati
Mariga
Mashegu
Katcha
Borgu
Land Area
Km)
1,126.3
4,218.5
3,558.7
5,558.0
153.4
222
1,779.4
1,752
5,552
9,182
1,681
11,267
(Sq
Population
2006
90,974
209,917
181,929
235,404
216,578
83,544
81,783
159,818
199,430
215,022
122,176
171,965
Source: National Bureau of Statistics (2016)
25
2016
127,700
294,700
261,500
331,100
302,200
117,800
114,900
224,500
280,400
302,300
169,800
242,800
Marital Status, Family Size, Educational Level and Income Pattern amongst Respondents)
Analysis of the field survey data shows that about 9 out of every 10 respondents are married
while others are either not married or have separated from marriage. The married people among
the respondents are associated with large number of children. Family size is ranked by 2-5 (small
size), 6-9 (middle size), and 10-13 and above (large size). The outcome of the survey shows that
85 percent of the respondents belong to the category of 6-9 family size. The study showed a
relationship among family size, educational level and respondent’s income status as shown in
figure 2.
14 and above
Between 10 and 13
Between 6 and 9
Between 2 and 5
0%
10%
20%
Secondary
30%
Primary
40%
50%
60%
No Basic Education
Figure 2: Histogram showing Family Size and Education level; Source: Field survey (2018)
26
70%
Primary Sources of Livelihood
Farming is the dominant means of livelihood for the people of the project area. Survey carried out
within communities of project intervention shows that farming is the primary livelihood for 350
(63%) out of 554 respondents. This information is shown in the pie chart below.
FROM SAMPLED RESPONDNETS
Employees, 30,
Artisans,5%
54,
10%
Traders, 120,
22%
Farmers, 350,
63%
Figure 3: Occupation within the project area; Source: Field survey (2018)
Religious Affiliation
The people of the project area are predominantly Muslims. The proportion of Muslims to
Christians based on field survey was 75% (Muslims) to 25% (Christians).
Gender Relations and Involvement
Field survey shows that women in the project area are subjects to their husband’s authority and
often do not mingle in community leadership matters and are usuallyengage in farming and petty
trading. The socio-cultural, religious or traditional laws and regulations do not preside them of
asset acquisition or ownership. However, the women are not restricted by cultural or religious
laws from ownership of assets including acquisition and participation in farming and trading
activities.
Amenities in the community
Amenities common across the project areas are primary schools and primary health centers.
Many of the communities are connected to the national grid but experience regular power outage.
Source of Drinking water in many of the communities is community manual operated boreholes
but some communities also drink from rivers and streams. This goes to show that the contractor
will have to make adequate arrangement to source for water during construction. The use of
tankers to fetch water from the rivers and streams will be a better option.
Transportation
Field observation and consultations with those met along the road revealed that major means of
transportation for the villagers to and from the market or neighbouring villages is by motorcycle.
Other
27
means of transportation include vehicle (pick-up van), bicycle and by foot (for those leaving
nearby). Due to the poor nature of the road, movement of people and farm produces have
become a problem over the years. This is more problematic during the rainy season as some
sections of the road are flooded, making it difficult for movement. This in the long run affects cost
of transportation. The poor conditions of the rural roads have led to the dominance of the use of
motor cycles and increased cost of transport. The cost of transportation by motorbike ranges
between N150-N500 per person while with farm produce can be between N500-N800 depending
on the proximity of the village to the market. Transporting a bag of maize or guinea corn by
motorbike for example, from Layi village to Kuta market is about N600/bag. However,
transportation using pick-up van goes for about N300–N1000. These prices tend to increase
during the rainy season by as much as 40-50% and are attributed to the poor access road.
Traffic Counts
Traffic counts were taken by the consultants at different strategic points along the roads to be
rehabilitated. The points were selected based on proximity to the project site and also access to
important areas such as market, schools, mosque etc. In the baseline survey the share of motor
cycles was higher than the other modes in all the roads to be improved. This was followed by
pick-ups and salons cars and minibuses. Generally, the traffic was very light during the baselines
survey due to the bad nature of the roads and the inability to link the various communities
together due to rivers (no bridges) and flood plains. The baseline survey was conducted during
off farming season when most people in the various communities tend to be idle and movements
are limited. The survey was carried out over a 6- hour period. The dominant means of
transportation on the roads during the baseline survey were Motorcycle (34) pick-up truck (26),
Mini-buses (06) and Bicycles (09).
Travel Time
The travel time on the Kutigi - Dasun - Tashan Hajiya road (56 km) by pick-up vans is about 3
hours. The Agwara - Mago - Shafaci road of 43.66 km takes almost 4 hours due to the bad
conditions of the roads. From the baseline survey, the purpose for which road users made their
journeys ranges from going to markets, farm, hospital, social work and education
Settlement Pattern
The settlement patterns along the road corridors are largely nucleated, showing a strangely
ribbon appearance along the road alignments, possibly for easy access to road transportation. In
some cases, the road alignment is encroached upon by structures like buildings, perimeter
fences, trees, etc (see Table 3.1). Several small pastoral Fulani or semi-settled Fulani camps
have also sprung up on the routes. Typical settlements are composed of concentrated clusters of
residential dwellings with the remaining areas being either farms or long-standing fallows.
Information obtained shows that there is a steady emigration from villages to rapidly growing
trading centers of the LGA and State capital. The pull factor of these two areas is probably
employment opportunities (mainly in the informal sector) associated with urbanization.
Agricultural Production
Agriculture remains the dominant economic activity in the communities. About 80 percent of the
respondents in the baseline survey are farmers. Their farming is predominantly subsistence.
However commercial production exists but not maximized because the farmers lack basic farm
implements and have no knowledge of new farming systems. Basic crops produced within the
project area include Maize, Cassava, Guinea corn, Rice and Yam. Farmers do not have access
to improved seedlings. Therefore, the productivity of an average farmer during the base line
survey is very low. One farmer told us that he barely produces three bags of 100 kg of maize
which hardly sustains him and his family for the year. Majority of the respondents are using
cutlass and hoes with little use of herbicides and fertilizer in their farms. The use of tractors and
animal traction was minimal, rather hand plowing/ridging was the dominant method used during
the baseline survey.
28
Present Conditions of the Roads
The roads in their present conditions are dilapidated earth roads with pavement widths hardly
wide enough to accommodate a single vehicle. Because of the rainfall conditions of the state,
erosion is very common on the stretch of roads with medium to high slope, some developing into
gullies in some segments. Motor bikes are the main means of vehicular movement of persons,
goods and services. Majority of the roads are low lying in comparison to the general terrain. As a
result, in segments where the roads are relatively flat or are of gentle slope, they receive deposits
of sand that impede movement especially in the dry season. Also, other segments of the roads
(low to medium slopes) are extensively eroded creating rills and gullies which constitute major
impediments to traffic. In some of the road segments, road infrastructures in the form of culverts
and bridges are available but the extent of erosion has rendered them unusable.
Evidence of this exists along the Pandogari-Bassa- Gurmana – Erena road where box and ring
culverts of up to 12m width abound, suggesting the original road width. Some segments of this
road still retain the road width despite the encroachment by weeds and shrubs and pavement
failures. Under such conditions, the few vehicles plying the road use farmlands and adjoining
areas to the roads as diversions to distorted roads. It is also typical for the road to meander
through a hedge of trees and shrubs or even hills and slopes to avoid the erodedpavement.
The present roads’ conditions in turn determine the volume of traffic that ply the roads. This was found to
be very low (even on market days), despite the abundant agricultural produce in these areas. For
example, despite the abundance of yams at Masaka, Madaka (Rafi LGA) the very bad road
conditions has necessitated buyers of yams from far away Lagos to use pick-ups and small trucks
to transport their yams to trailers or articulated vehicles parked at Kagara. It is easier in the dry
season for vehicles to move on these roads. It was reported that during the rainy season,
communities are cut off due to lack of culverts and bridges over streams and rivers along the road
corridors. Because of the very bad condition of the roads, the cost of transportation costs
between the villages and towns within the areas served by the roads is very high. For example,
between Kagara and Madaka (Rafi LGA), the cyclists charge N2,000.00 per person (for a
maximum of three per motor bike) for a one-way trip for a distance of 33km in the dry season
while this is increased to N3,000.00 per person in the rainy season.
Figures 17 illustrate the road surface conditions at different levels of deterioration; and Table 9
shows the road by road environmental conditions and the observed safeguard issues at each
location
Figure 4: Road Conditions at
Madaka
29
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Table 9: Baseline Sociological Conditions along the Road Routes
S/N
o
1.
Roa
d
Maitumbi - Pina – Kuta
Major
Findings
 People farm yam, maize, cowpea
 Sell produce at Gunu and Kuta Markets (transportation cost byokada isN300 in rainy
season and N150 in dry season
 Process groundnut into Kwulikwuli and g/nut oil
 Women own stacks of firewook for domestic use
 Women agric cooperatives exists (Ayenuje, Zomolo women Cooperatives)
 They practiced e-wallet farm input programme
2.
Sullu Junction – Kabo
 People are farmers and civil servants. They have one general Hospital and somemines
 Transport is by motorcycle posing the challenge of transporting pregnant women to the
nearby hospital/health center
 The Youths complained of no cooperative societies and CBO and therefore no control
over their mineral resources
3.
Old Gawu - Lefu Junction
 People are predominantly Gwari or Gbagyi
 They have boreholes and rivers
 Nearest market at Farin Doki which is very far and therefore have transport problems
 Available old tarred road in very bad condition
 Women have firewood stacks and engage in dawadawa processing
4.
Daku Bridge - Sabo Dikko
 Women have firewood stacks and engage in dawadawa processing
5.
Kuta - Kobwa - Kafa – Layi
 Women have firewood stacks and engage in dawadawa processing
6.
Old Gawu - Tuna - Farindoki
 Women have firewood stacks and engage in dawadawa processing
Re
S/No
7.
Roa
Major
d
Findings
Pandogari - Bassa-Gurmuna-Erena  The people farm yam and rice, and are mainly Christains
 Major markets are accessed at Bassa and Kuta mainly by motor cycle and by foot
 School and Hospital exists only at Erena
 Gurumana is a junction for a road to Minna Madaka.Kadara and ErenaAjata Aboki
 In Gurumana, women do dry-season farming by digging out water from the dryriverbeds.
 Culturally the women do not farm, but process g/nut and dawa in AjataAboki
8.
Kagara-Madaka
 Yam market exists in Madaka. People from Abuja and Lagos come there to buyyams
 Women do dry season farming in Guma road, using dry river Rafin Alhaji Bako
 Fadama rice farm exist in Rafin Wayam
 They go to Hospitals and schools in Kagara which is remote to mostcommunities
 Kagara people go to process charcoal from forests in Rubo Community
9.
Wushishi-Makusidi-Bida Road
 The area covers part of the Upper Niger basin irrigation scheme
 Dominant ethnic group is Nupe
 Schools, Hospital and Markets exist in Kanko Tokudo
 No boreholes, has dirty rivers and streams
 Women treat drinking water with alum
10.
Doko-Gaba-Sheshi
11. Doko – Emigugbagi-Jebo
 In Sheshi, women process melon as the most dominant trade
 Bore hole was sighted at Doko-Emigugbagi community
 The people farm g/nut, millet and rice
 Women are mainly farmers, and they also process shear butter and g/nutoil
12. Baddegi-Ebba-Kataeregi
 Road is very sandy
30
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S/No
Roa
d
13. Bida-Gaba-Busu-Eloni
Major
Findings
 Rice and fish farms and rice mills were encountered in Eloni
 Pay N2000/N1500 to Bida during rainy/dry season respectively due to badroad
 There exist transport by canoe from Kwara State passing through Eloni toBida
 The new road will ease out most transportation problems
14. Patibokungi-Jebo-Angasa
 Patibokungi is the road terminus and a market area
15. Kataeregi-Gbangba- Lemu
 Gbangba Lemu community has many rivers/streams without culvert or bridges
16. Gulu-Evuti-Lambata
 Women process gari and locust bean at gunu lambata
 At Zabbo Community, women were seen knitting grasses for roofing of huts and has
erosion sites on the existing roadways
 Plant yams in between trees at Guragi
17. Kutigi-Dasun-Tashan Hajiya Road
 Yam market was seen in Bangi community and another community market in TashanHajiya
Road
18. Wuyankantin-EtsuTasha- Kpatagi
 Wuyankantin has many rivers/streams without culvert or bridges
19. Fellegi-Shafini
 Women do not farm directly, but they process g/oil, shire butter etc
 Market at Jika far from
 Fellegi and Shafini
 Route goes through Kebbi to Sokoto
31
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20 Luma-Shagunu
.
 Women farm g/nut and process shear butter
 Main ethnic groups are Laru, Kambari and Dukawa and Fulani
 Have one primary school, one hospital built by GEF/World bank
 Nearest Market is at Shagunu at the termanal of the route
S/No
Roa
d
21. Agwara-Mago-Shafaci
Major
Findings
 At Masani, people here have little farming activities, but they keep, camels, andsheep
 At Utula Community they are mainly Hausas and Kambari
 They farm millets and keep animals
 At Mago, women produce pito from millet.
 They have boundary with Kebbi State
22. Rijau-Genu-Magaman Daji
 Rijau community has big market.
 Most women in this community farm guinea corn, maize and rice
 Other women engage in local trade and handiwork
23. Gulbin Boka-Ragada-Bangi
 Ragada is dominated by Hausa and Kambari ethnic groups
 Few settlements exist on this road
24. Kontogora-Ibanga-Rafin Gora
 Dominant group is Hausa
 Women do not engage in direct farming but process gnuts for oil
 Major market is in Kontogora
 At Masaha community maize, beans, sugar cane and g/nut farms abound
 This route is on the way to Lagos
32
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25 Sahorami-atani-Mashegu
.
 They keep cows and sheep in large numbers
 Mainly hunters
 They farm millets and maize
 Dominant group are Hausa, Dusawa and Kambari
33
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CHAPTER FIVE: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1
Introduction
The methodology used for identifying the likely impacts of the Niger State RAMP II project on the
environment, the impact significance and magnitude were quantitatively assessed where possible,
using appropriate indicators and models. Similarly, the scope and duration of the likely impacts were
assessed.
5.2
Identified Potential Impacts (by Project Phases)
After field investigations of the local environment of road routes and the neighbouring communities,
as well as a thorough evaluation of the road projects’ characteristics, three categories of likely
impacts are identifiable: Major, Minor and Low impacts.
Pre-Construction Phase
A. Environmental Impacts
Positive

Prior to the commencement of the road construction works, a feasibility study and
environmental assessment are required to describe the proposed project needs, aid project
design, and ensure environmental and socio-economic sustainability of the project and the
project community.

The project will undertake a stakeholders/public consultation exercise to sensitize the
stakeholders in the project command area and beyond on the environmental safeguards
components of the project. The public consultation process is seen to be a positive impact,
as it will form a basis for project design and implementation of decision-making.
Negative
a. Air Quality

The pre-construction phase will give rise to fugitive dusts and frequent exhaust
emissions into the atmosphere as equipment is delivered to the Site and along access
roads where the proposed rehabilitation works will take place.
b. Soil

Leakages may occur from stacked equipment containing oil such as engine oil. This
could result in the seeping-through of oil into the soil, thereby leading to possible
contamination of soil, surface water and ground water.

Soil compaction and soil structure changes may occur due to influx and stationary
positioning of heavy duty equipment and vehicles
34
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Surface Water

Leakages may occur from stacked equipment containing oil such as engine oil. This
could result in surface water contamination by run-off.
c. Noise and Vibration

During the pre-construction activities the WHO/FMEnv permissible noise level (90dB)
may be exceeded due to mobilization of heavy machinery to the rehabilitation site.
B. Social Impacts
Positive

The project will undertake a stakeholders/public consultation exercise to sensitize
stakeholders in the project command area and beyond on the social safeguards to
ensure project sustainability. The public consultation process is seen to be a positive
impact, as it will form a basis for project concept decision-making and implementation.
Negative
a. Land Acquisition

Possible unresolved issues during land acquisition process from members of the
community which may result in conflict between contractors and land owners.

Hostile and unfriendly community attitudes during land acquisition process.

Decrease in accruable income from land
b. Noise

Noise from heavy-duty project vehicles and equipment may exceed the WHO/FMEnv
acceptable noise level limits, resulting in nuisance.
c. Others

Possible disruptions of movement of residents within the project area to places of work,
and businesses, as a result of movement of equipment and materials along access
roads, resulting in loss of man-hours and negative perception of the project amongst
road users and residents.

Properties particularly farmlands may be accidentally damaged or destroyed during the
movement of heavy duty vehicles and equipment.

Accidents involving vehicles or pedestrians may occur during vehicle and equipment
movement to site.
C. Occupational Health and Safety
35
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Positive

During the pre-construction phase, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) awareness
programs will be conducted. Awareness programs and interactive sessions will benefit
primarily the contractors’ personnel, schools, residents and businesses. Guidelines on safe
practices and safe behaviours will be made available to these groups in order to minimize
the occurrence of occupational incidents or accidents in the course of implementing
project activities
Negative

During the pre-construction phase air pollution from exhaust fumes of vehicles and
release of fugitive dust as a result of equipment moving to the work area may occur. This
will pose an occupational health risk (respiratory infections and diseases), especially for
people residing in and carrying out activities around the project rehabilitation area and
also, contractor personnel, and personnel conveying equipment.

Exposure to noise pollution, injuries and accidents during movement of equipment to the
work areas.
Construction Phase
A. Environmental Impacts
Positive

Channelization of flood waters: Drainage channels will be constructed to channel
storm water.

Re-vegetation activities will be carried out, to provide cover for the eased out slopes,
channels, chute and the stilling basin. The structured vegetation to be applied include
sand bags, erosion resistance trees, plants and grasses in other to make the area
environmental friendly and to improve the aesthetic of the project area.

Stabilization (even out/ uniformity) of the slopes, where feasible to prevent further
collapse of the road
Negative
a. Climate Change

Climate change impacts need to be assessed from two perspectives. Firstly, the
impact of the project on climate change and secondly the impact of climatic change
on the project scheme and its infrastructure.

Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from vehicular and construction equipment
would be generated during the pre-construction, construction and subsequently,
operational phases of the project. These emissions would be the primary impact
of the project on climate
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change. GHG emissions are considered based on three “scopes” – Scope 1 (direct
emissions), Scope 2 (indirect emissions) from the consumption of purchased energy
[Purified Motor Spirit {PMS}, diesel] and Scope 3 (other indirect emissions)
b. Air Quality

Emission of Green House Gases, Dust and Particulates: Emissions from exhaust
fumes will originate from mobile sources including vehicles, trucks and heavy
equipment during construction works.

Excavation and other civil works will lead to the increase in fugitive dust.

Civil works will cause changes in the air and atmospheric conditions of the project
area and surrounding environment. Fugitive dusts, machinery exhaust fumes
[nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons
and suspended particulates], and dusts from rehabilitation/construction activities will
impact negatively on air quality. Air pollution from machineries will be short-termed,
moderate and localized.
c. Soil

Construction machinery stationed and moving around the area can create soil
compaction, which may harm the soil’s future potential as farmland, impair drainage and
increase the risk of flooding.

Excavation and compaction activities through construction works will alter the soil
properties including loss of valuable top soils.

Accidental spillage of chemicals and fuels from the operation and maintenance of
construction vehicles and equipment will pose negative impacts to surface and future
groundwater quality.
d. Water Quality and Hydrology

Increased pressure on water resources during construction works

During construction works, seepage of fuel from machineries and effluent discharge into
the watershed may occur, thus impacting on the water quality

During the rehabilitation works, there may be potential for sediment/contaminant laden
water runoff to impact on water quality. The contaminants in water runoff may have the
potential to enter existing drainage channels and into local watercourses, affecting
downstream users and aquatic life.

Flood draining activities may introduce chemicals into water bodies leading to possible
changes in water colour and pH levels, pollution and eutrophication in surface water.
e. Noise and Vibration
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f.

Most activities associated with road project starting from the pre-construction phase to
the construction phase would generate relatively high levels of noise and would be
mainly from heavy equipment. The noise levels generated by construction equipment
would vary significantly, depending on such factors as type, model, size, and condition of
the equipment, operation schedule, and condition of the area being worked. Accordingly,
potential impacts of site monitoring and testing activities on ambient noise level would be
expected to be temporary and intermittent in nature.

Vibrations resulting from construction equipment may cause further soil destabilization
and consequent erosion.
Waste

Construction activities will lead to the production of solid wastes - soil excavated debris,
metal scraps, plastics, wood, waste concrete, papers and cartons, etc.

Increased generation of liquid waste – concrete washings, canal watering, etc.

Construction crews may generate solid and liquid wastes (sewages). Uncontrolled and
untreated, these wastes are major sources of pollution, disrupting the ecosystem and
contributing to local (and sometimes much broader) health problems.
g. Flora and Fauna

Alteration of habitat and biodiversity may occur, due to human activities and disturbance
on the natural habitat. Site clearing will lead to loss of species diversity and abundance,
including soil organisms, fungi, invertebrates, and bacteria. It will also lead to loss of food
sources, fauna habitat, breeding grounds and nesting sites.

Reduction in the number of native wildlife

During mobilization of equipment, construction activities such as grading, dredging,
filling, excavation etc., Weed invasion/proliferation of opportunist species (weeds &
pests) may occur.
h. Topography

Scarification of natural landscape of the project site.
B. Social Impacts
Positive
a. Employment
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
Employment of skilled and unskilled labour will be promoted. Artisans and
professionals from the project area will be provided contractual employment during
this phase. This will help promote community goodwill.
b. Economic Benefits

This phase will encourage economic activities within and around work areas. Petty
traders, food vendors and other small businesses will benefit from the demands at
the work site.
c. Waste Management

The construction phase will see to the implementation of a viable waste management
plan for project activities.
d. Occupational, Health and Safety

Occupational health and safety efforts will be intensified during the construction
phase as signage, warning and hazard signs will be put up to inform residents and
others, about the on-going rehabilitation works in sensitive areas.

The phase will encourage the conduct of Occupational Health Risk Assessment
(OHRA), Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), Hazard Communication Program (HAZCOM),
OHS trainings and other proactive safety strategies (fulfilling the social and fiscal
imperatives) which will help reduce the occurrence of on-site incidents/accidents and
the resultant burden of direct or indirect compensation costs.
Negative
a. Impact on Livelihood/Community Activities/Social Stress

During the rehabilitation works there are bound to be restriction in movement, which will
affect residents and business owners in the project area.

Gully rehabilitation activities may disrupt use of access roads by other users including
travellers. There may be occurrences of traffic congestion on access roads as a result of
intermittent movement of equipment and materials into and from the rehabilitation work
area. There is high likelihood that when moving these equipment and personnel along
these roads, the transport activities of the community could be disrupted and this could
have impact on the socio- economic activities of the community.

Flooding in other areas may occur during construction activities (construction of
drainage), which can lead to destruction of lands, and properties.

Human Displacement: Civil, re-vegetative, and watershed management may require the
relocation of surrounding residents and their sources of livelihood.
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
Social unrest as a result of non-participation/hiring of locals in the construction/
rehabilitation project.
b. Social Vices

The project will attract a significant workforce. Associations between workers and local
residents may lead to casual sexual relationships, thereby increasing the risks of sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV

Vices such as theft, drug use, casual sex (with minors, prostitutes, etc.), small scale
gambling, rape, etc., may arise due to the influx of project workforce into the area.
c. Health and Safety

Incidences of respiratory conditions and respiratory diseases (silicosis, asthma, bronchitis,
upper respiratory infections may occur due to air contamination by exhaust fumes and dust
resulting from civil works.

Possible spread of water borne diseases may occur.

Possible outbreak of HIV/AIDS and other STDs.

During construction activity through creation of pools of stagnant water there may be an
increase in malaria cases

Exposure of workforce to attack by poisonous insects, reptiles and other dangerous wild
animals. These attacks could result in injuries, poisoning or even death.

The frequency and incidence of occupational hazards may rise with during construction
activities.

Accidents may occur during the construction phase as a result of increased vehicular
movements
d. Noise and Vibrations

This phase will cause noise and vibration nuisance
e. Waste

f.
The construction phase will give rise to increased generation of waste from
construction activities
Archaeological and Cultural Loss

Construction works may impact on sensitive sites such as shrines, graves etc.
g. Conflict
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
Conflict may arise between community members and contractor. This may hinder or
slow down project implementation activities.
h. Traffic

Existing travel patterns will be negatively impacted during the construction phase of the project.
C. Occupational Health and Safety
Negative

In the course of rehabilitation works, there would be a moderate to severe likelihood of the
occurrence of workplace hazards. Activities using heavy and light equipment such as
graders and bulldozers could predispose personnel to hazards. “Unsafe behaviours” and
“unsafe conditions” will pose serious occupational health and safety risks.

Contact with natural hazards such as animals, insects, poisonous plants and reptiles.
Operational Phase
A. Environmental Impacts
Positive

Improved access road for between villages in the communities. This will immensely benefit
community residents and other road users.

Stabilization of the eroded road sections, this preventing further erosion from occurring.

Aesthetic modifications will promote good ambience within the gully erosion.

Availability of water (in the stilling basin) for agricultural use.

Control and reduction of water body sedimentation rates due to erosion.

Promotion of afforestation programs
Negative
a. Water Quality

Roadway runoff, wastes (municipal solid wastes, agricultural wastes, effluent, hazardous
wastes etc.) may cause turbidity, changes in water colour and in pH levels.
b. Odour
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
Release of foul smell from the drains, chute as a result of runoff/storm water containing
decaying matter.
c. Blocked Drains

There may be sediment laden run-off/storm water which may block the collector drains
whereby affecting water flow.
B. Social Impacts
Positive
a. Livelihood

Proper erosion and watershed management as flood waters and run-off will be controlled.

Increase in project area development and business opportunities

Improved access between villages and communities thus increasing social interactions.
Reintegration of community and diversification of sources of livelihood.

Improved agricultural productivity within the community and Niger state at large.

Initiation/ kick-off of rapid production systems and agricultural practices.

Reduction in mortality/morbidity from landslides and erosions.
b. Education

Increase in community development programs
c. Traffic

Increase in traffic within the roads and access roads of the project
Negative
a. Loss of Employment

At the end of the project lifetime the project workforce will be demobilized. This will
bring about loss of jobs for the project workers. This will translate to loss in income
and business opportunities. Most of the small-scale businesses that provided goods
and services to the road crew members will either windup or experience significant
reduction in the volume of business with the demobilization of the project and this too
will translate to loss of income
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b. Air Quality

Increase vehicular emissions from road users
c. Waste

Indiscriminate dumping of waste may lead to blocking of drainage channels and
sanitation issues.
d. Conflict

There may be land use conflict in managing the construction site e.g. ecological,
grazing and farming
e. Health and Safety

The burrow pits could become a breeding site for disease vectors e.g. flies and mosquitoes.
Possible spread of water borne diseases (e.g. Cholera, Dysentery, Amoebiasis,
Salmonellosis etc.) may occur.

Increase in respiratory problems amongst local residents as a result of increase in road users.

Increase in vehicular accidents along constructed/rehabilitated access roads.
C. Occupational Health and Safety
Positive

Implementation of site-specific occupational health and safety management plans (OHSMPs)

Monitoring for occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHSRA) report data.

Continuous job hazard analysis and process hazard analysis (JHA and PHA)

Implementation of a hazard communication program (HazCom)

Reduced direct and indirect costs as a result of pro-active safety strategies.

OHS Training

PPE availability
Negative
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
There may be flood risk associated with the drainage. This is likely to occur when the runoff
level of the drainage exceeds the drainage size.

Injury of workers and the public during the operation and maintenance activities.
5.3
Nature and Summary of Impacts
This sub-section summarizes nature of impacts as a result of the proposed roads
construction/rehabilitation. It also discusses the mitigation measures considered appropriate for the
management of some of the impacts that are negative or adverse to the environment and society.
Below is a summary table of the envisaged negative and positive impacts;
Table 10: Summary of Impacts
S/N
POSITIVE IMPACTS
NEGATIVE IMPACTS
1
Ground Water recharge: During the
construction of the roads, burrow pits will be
established to exploit road base and sub base
materials. The pits will subsequently serve as
runoff traps to ultimately detain such runoffs
in pools which gradually seep into the ground
water to recharge it.
2
Ecosystem Modification and Encouragement
of Biodiversity: The establishment of the
these run off traps in the burrow pits will
encourage a change of the ecosystem from
terrestrial to aquatic system resulting in the
encouragement of diverse population of
faunal and flora species, thereby increasing
the biodiversity along the road corridors. This
is a positive impact of regional spread or
scope, strategic in importance, long
term in duration and irreversible in nature.
Improvement in the Visual appeal of the
Roads: The roads are presently narrow and
highly eroded in most segments and in other
segments they are filled with sand deposits.
The projects will cause these to be widened
and well paved with stable sub base and
base materials. Subsequently, the roads will
be fully finished with a relatively resistant
pavement layer that can withstand rapid wear
by vehicles plying them. This will increase the
aesthetic quality of the roads and in addition
increase the passing and stopping sight
distance
minimizing the risks of accidents.
Increased Air Pollution: Air pollution will
result as a result of the generation of dust
particles and vehicular/machinery emissions.
Also increase in vehicular traffic on the roads
would result in increased dusts and
emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon
particulates, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, and
some carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere.
Creation of Respiratory Difficulties and other
Health Abnormalities: Dusty Air pollution that
result during construction and operation of
earth roads as envisaged in these projects
are likely to generate respiratory difficulties
and other health related challenges to the
workers and users of the roads.
3
Heat fluxes: In addition to the air pollution
during and after the roads have constructed
and are under operation, the increased
vehicular traffic along the roads is expected
to result in increased heat fluxes which could
affect the transpiration of plants in the narrow
strip bordering the roads. Therefore, there
may be poor performance of crops in
adjacent farms to these roads that will
drastically affect their productivity.
44
4
Aquatic
Ecosystem
Modification:
The
improvement of the roads’ conditions will result
in channelling most of the runoff along the
road
corridor. As a result, there will be
increase in
Noise Pollution: The construction of these
roads will require the deployment of heavy
equipment many of which will generate
noise that is
significantly
higher
than
the
normal
background
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sediment load and transportation into
drainage streams and rivers when volumes of
runoff increase especially during the rainy
season.
5
6
7
Improved Access: The construction of these
roads projects will increase the capacity of
their capacity to accommodate more traffic
and enhance faster movement of traffic than
the existing deteriorated and dilapidated
conditions. The construction will result in
improvement for these roads and will further
guarantee very smooth movement of traffic
through them. It will also Facilitate Access to
Basic Needs at household level such as ease
of getting to health centres, farms and other
areas of production, markets, food processing
centres and also positively contribute to the
ability of the households to fulfill their social
and religious obligations within
and outside their communities.
Gain in Travel time (Savings in Travel Time):
There would be a significant reduction in the
time taken to travel along the roads and the
local government’s headquarters and even
between communities along the road as a
result of the widening and straightening of
bends and reduction in the gradient of some
of the hilly sections. These would translate to
an increase in
the time saved travelling on these roads.
Swift and Improved Movement of Goods and
Services: The improved access would not
only make for the easy movement of people
within the area and beyond but also
adequately and efficiently enable the supply
and distribution of farm inputs to the rural
farmers (where it is mostly needed) and swift
aid the movement of farm produce to the
markets far and near as well as the
distribution of factors of production including
manpower such that there will efficient
distribution and access to basic infrastructure
and
goods.
noise levels. During the operation stage, the
volume of vehicles plying the road will also
generate noise that is significantly higher
than these background noise levels
especially on market days when the volume
of traffic is bound
to be significantly highest.
Erosion: The construction of a road
increases the run-off and hence reduces
infiltration of rain water into the ground.
Given that Niger State is relatively humid and
with often torrential rains in the region, soils
are very easily eroded especially at the
slopes. This direct loss can threaten the
entire road if not adequately managed.
Biodiversity loss: Construction activities
including corridor vegetation clearing and soil
compactment could lead to biodiversity loss.
Displacement of people: As the roads are
laid out along existing paths and tracks
widening them will result in issues of
obstruction of the roads’ right of way. Such
obstruction occurs in the form of houses,
utilities and commercial investments in the
form of shops and sheds.
46
8
Boost to the Local Economy: With Improved
road conditions and easy movement of goods
and services, local market will be easily
visited by traders from far and near, thereby
contributing to the buying and selling in these
markets. The economic effects of well
patronized and more easily accessed market
will result in boosting the
markets and the local economy which
will
Accidents:
Accidents
are
unfortunate
occurrence on roads after development, due
to human factors. Usually, Pedestrians,
cyclists and other road users constitute the
vulnerable groups to vehicular accidents.
Accidents could become common because of
fast
moving
vehicles
colliding
with
construction materials and sites of
constructing road platforms such as
culverts,
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subsequently translate to improved standard
of living.
9
10
11
12
13
Reduction in Cost of Operation and
Maintenance of Vehicles: Improved road
surfacing and prompt repairs of failures on
the road will significantly reduce the wear and
tear of vehicles. Similarly, the reduction in the
average travel time will
result in reduced cost of operating vehicles.
Reduction In the cost of Transportation: With
the improvement in the roads’ condition, more
vehicles will be attracted to ply the roads
especially on market days. This will increase
traffic on these roads and hence
transportation costs on these roads will
drastically reduce,
making the cost of production and movement
of agricultural products to the market
cheaper.
Employment
Generation:
During
the
construction phase of the project a large
number of unskilled and a smaller but
significant number of skilled labour would be
required. New jobs would be created both for
skilled and unskilled workers
during the construction phase.
Contribution to Agriculture: The roads would
facilitate the movement of agricultural
produce to markets. Similarly, agricultural
inputs will be easily transported to these rural
agricultural communities at cheaper rates and
hence farmer would be encouraged to
increase their productivity. This is a positive
boost to
agricultural production.
Gender Empowerment through Provision of
Access: Construction of the road will further
improve access to factors of production and
market facilities. The case in point here is the
access to markets for the female gender
group to enable them sell their wares
(processed foods and vegetables), to sustain
and empower them. It is possible for the
government to assist these women by training
them in food and vegetable processing skills
so that they can diversify their
businesses.
bridges and excavation fill materials. Similarly,
poor visibility as a result dusts laden
atmospheric
air during construction stage, can
cause accidents with pedestrians.
Security Risk: Improved mobility will enable
persons of dubious character ease of
mobility from far and near into communities
along the roads’ corridors. Thus, the security
risk in the area traversed by the road will
increase.
Influx of non-local labor and working
conditions issues may occur and lead to risks
such as workers’ sexual relations with minors
and resulting pregnancies, presence of sex
workers in the community, the spread of
HIV/AIDS, sexual harassment of female
employees, child labor and abuse
Gender based violence may occur in the
project target areas including Intimate
Partner Violence (IPV), public harassment
including verbal insults, physical abuse, rape,
harmful widowhood practices and women
and child trafficking
48
Table 11: Site - Specific Negative Environmental Impacts with Mitigation
S/N
Negative Impacts
1.
Increase Air pollution during construction (dust)
and operational phase (dust during the dry
2.
3.
4.
Mitigation

Water the roads regularly during construction phase and in dry
season

season and
vehicular emissions)
Noise pollution from construction equipment and 
Provide nose mask for workers use
operational phase, due to vehicular movement

Regular maintenance of construction equipment in line with
international best practices

Provide ear mufflers for machines operators

Regulate workers shift to minimize exposure, not more than 8
hours a day with intermittent breaks

Avoid creating or leaving steep slopes on sides of roads and
where roads pass the base of broken hills
Erosion and borrow pits
Surface water quality impairment
Provide workers with protective gadgets (ear plugs, mask)

Plant grass and trees in vulnerable areas

Storm water should be channeled out far into the receiving stream

Burrow pits should be properly worked on

Excavation spots should be properly covered to avoid enabling
erosion and mosquitoe breathing site

Minimise disturbance of top soil and vegetation cover during site
preparation

Construct drainage out-fall adequately

Divert river channel when constructing culvert
Location
This is relevant in all locations
Relevant in all locations
Pandogari - Bassa - Gurmana Erena road
Maitumbi - Pina - Kuta
At locations with culverts.
Table 12: Site - Specific Negative Socio-Economic Impacts with Mitigation
S/N
1.
Negative Impacts
1) Displacement of persons (squatter
Mitigation

Provide temporary trading areas for traders during road
construction.
Doko - Emigugbagi - Jebo

Adjust road alignment away from built-up areas.
Boda road Doko -


Pay compensation for trees and fence; and for 60m 2 of land
Emigugbagi - Jebo road
traders)
2) Destruction of compound fence to
create way for road. Some trees be
felled
3) Disruption of electricity supply due to
moving of electric poles and
transformers
2.
1) Security Risk due to influx of undesirable

elements into communities
3.
2) Spread of communicable diseases due to
increased interaction and likely sexual
4.
b) Accidents due to increased vehicular
traffic
Censitization of the communities ahead of time before the
movement and the
contractors should ensure to refix the transformers and poles as
soon as possible.
Establish day and night surveillance by members of the
communities (youths)
road Wushishi - Makusidi -
Wushishi-
Makusidi-Bida
Rd Junction
Relevant in all locations

Establish more police posts

Mount public enlightenment campaigns on causation and
prevention of diseases including HIV/AIDS and Malaria or other
diseases.
Relevant in all locations

Ensure re-training of operating staff of machinery
Relevant in all locations

Carry out regular safety drills

Undertake regular maintenance of vehicles

Undertake regular road safety drills for both community members
and drivers.

Install proper road safety signs

Install speed checks especially in the villages.
intercourse between local population
and
visitors, transit persons, workers, etc.
a) Accidents due to operation of
construction equipment
Location
48
5.
Obstruction of migrating wild-life and grazing
cattle

Identify the routes and provide protected crossings with clearly
identified entrances and exits.
48
S/N
8.
Negative Impacts
Replacement of road cover (laterite or
gravel) could result in dust; and noise
from compaction equipment.
Mitigation

Location
This activity would most likely take place in the dry Along the road
routes especially in
season. So, the road surface should be sprinkled with
water regularly to reduce dust, compaction equipment settlement areas.
should be adequately maintained (muffled), to reduced
noise. Compaction should only be done during the day in
order not to disrupt peoples sleep at night. Camp clinic
should be stocked with medication and remedies for
respiratory tract infections. Also, the right clinical staff
should be employed. Workers to put on protective
gadgets- mask and ear plugs.
49
CHAPTER SIX: LABOR
BASED
HIV/AIDS
6.1
INFLUX, GENDER
VIOLENCE (GBV) AND
Introduction
This section is dedicated to discussion around critical potential social impacts which the
implementers of the project must prioritize and mitigated. This does not undermine the
need to mitigate other social and environmental impacts identified in the project. These key
social areas are labour influx, gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS as discussed below:
6.2 Labor Influx
It is believed that this project may face an influx of non-local labor and working conditions
issues as skilled laborers might not be available in some of the project sites. Therefore,
Niger RAMP will take concrete measures to mitigate potential labor influx-related risks such
as workers’ sexual relations with minors and resulting pregnancies, presence of sex workers
in the community, the spread of HIV/AIDS, sexual harassment of female employees, child
labor and abuse, increased dropout rates from school, inadequate resettlement practices,
and fear of retaliation, failure to ensure community participation, poor labor practice, and
lack of road safety. These risks require careful consideration to improve social and
environmental sustainability, resilience and social cohesion. The SPIU will include mitigation
measures such as: (a) assessing living conditions of workers’ camps and ensuring appropriate
living conditions; (b) establishing proper agreement with host community on equipments
staging area (c) establishing and enforcing a mandatory Code of Conduct for the company,
managers and workers, and an Action Plan for implementation; (d) ensuring appropriate
location for these camps; (e) taking countermeasures - indicated in the Social Management
Plan - to reduce the impact of the labor influx on the public services; and, (f) devising and
implementing a strategy for maximizing employment opportunities for local population,
including women.
The Supervision Consultant shall be responsible for monitoring the contractor performance
and adherence to the labor influx guideline and that of its Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
(SEA) obligations, with a protocol in place for immediate, timely, mandatory and
confidential reporting in case of incidents to project community.
6.3 Gender Based Violence
Nigeria has ratified or acceded to the core international human rights treaties and is a party
to the major regional human rights instrument which obliged States to respect, protect and
fulfill human rights of all persons within the territory and subject to the jurisdiction of the
State, without discrimination. Rape may violate several human rights obligations enshrined
in the instruments ratified by Nigeria and is also a form of gender-based violence and a
brutal manifestation of violence against women. As a State party to the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Protocol to the
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (the
“Maputo Protocol”), Nigeria has made legally binding commitments to exercise due
diligence to combat gender-based violence and discrimination.
Accordingly, Nigeria has an obligation to take all appropriate measures to prevent rape,
ensure that there are adequate sanctions for rape in law and in practice, and ensure
access to reparation
50
for the victims.1 Furthermore, several human rights instruments2 require Nigeria to take
special measures to protect the rights of individuals who are vulnerable to sexual violence,
namely women, children, and persons with disabilities.
6.4 International Treaties Relevant to GBV
•
•
•
•
•
•
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (2004)
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (2004)
The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CAT) (1993)
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
(1984)
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1990), and the Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (2012)
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1976)
6.5 Regional Treaties Relevant to GBV
•
•
•
The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) (1982)
The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) (2007)
The Protocol to the ACHPR on the Rights of Women in Africa (the “Maputo Protocol”) (2007)
National polices
•
•
The National Action Plan for the Implementation of United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1325 (2009);
The National Gender Policy (2010)
6.6 GBV Risk Management Mechanisms
GBV risks in the project target areas might include Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), public
harassment including verbal insults, physical abuse, rape, harmful widowhood practices and
women and child trafficking. Development and implementation of specific GBV risk prevention
and mitigation strategies, tailored to local contexts, will be critical.
Therefore, SPIU will include in the bidding documents (‘pre-qualification’ and ‘employers’
requirements’) key principles and specific requirements to address GBV so as to reduce and
mitigate the risks of GBV in the project. Such measures will include:
i)
ii)
iii)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
GBV/SEA assessment of project;
Mandatory contractors’ code of conduct on sexual harassment;
Appointment of NGO to monitor GBV/SEA in RAAMP;
Community and workers’ sensitization on GBV/SEA;
Provision of referral units for survivors of GBV/SEA;
Provisions in contracts for dedicated payments to contractors for GBV/SEA prevention
activities against evidence of completion;
Contractor and SPIU requirement to ensure a minimum target of female employment
with incremental rewards of the obtainment of this target.
51
The following actions are recommended for immediate implementation:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hiring a dedicated GBV/SEA specialist or retraining SLOs for the project,
Hiring NGOs at the state level to manage social risks associated with GBV/SEA in the
project,
Building and improving FPMU/SPIUs, local communities and other relevant stakeholders’ capacities
to address risks of GBV/SEA by developing and providing guidance, training, awareness,
and dissemination of relevant GBV/SEA materials to communities,
Developing a clear RAMP specific internal “Reporting and Response Protocol" to guide relevant
stakeholders in case of GBV/SEA incidents,
Strengthening operational processes of RAMP states project area on GBV/SEA,
Identifying development partners and cultivating pragmatic partnership on GBV/SEA
prevention measures and referral services,
Developing Codes of Conduct for civil works contractors with prohibitions against GBV/SEA,
Strengthening consultations and operationalizing GBV/SEA specific grievance redress
mechanisms,
Providing financial support implementation of the GBV/SEA actions described herein,
including training and awareness building for various stakeholders,
Establishing inter-ministerial committee to advance GBV/SEA actions described above.
6.7 Social Impact Management Plan
The following section summarizes the identified social impacts, necessary mitigation
measures and the parties expected to play some form of roles in the implementation of the
mitigation measures.
52
Table 133: Potential Mitigation Measures of Social Impacts
Potential Mitigation Measures
FPIU/SPIU
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Contractor
Follow GRM provision
All Disputes
Project-specific –
With
Broader
Support of
Enabling
the
Environment
Monitoring/
Supervision
Consultant
 Establishment
 Supportive
and
operation of an
effective GRM
accessible to
community
members—
ideally
with
involvement of
the
community,
district
level
committee and
Community
Based
Organizations
to facilitate
early
identification of
problems
and targeted
mitigating
interventions
by SPIU;
 Establishment
and
operation of an
effective GBV
GRM
accessible to
community
members
and project
contractors—
World Bank




Inclusion
of
relevant
provisions in
the ESMP and
Legal
Agreement;
Provision
of
advice
on
expected
or
likely
issues
based
on
Bank
experience;
Implementatio
n support
to
verify
compliance
with the
ESMP;
Monitoring of
GRM
resolution
rates
and
identification
of
recurring
issues
to
discuss
with
SPIU
53
ideally
with
involvement
of
the Ministry of
54
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor
FPIU/SPIU



Justice
and
Ministry
of
Women Affairs
and
Soci
al
Development
to facilitate the
discrete
Provision of
information
to
communitie
s on the
levels of
GRM
uptake
and how
to
leverage of
the
syste
m
for
redres
s at no cost
to the
complainan
t
;
Monitoring
and
taking
appropriate
actions to
ensure
ESMP
provisions
are met;
Inclusion of
relevant
provisions
in the
ESMP;
World Bank
55

Inclusion of
relevant
provisions
in the
SPIU
contract.
56
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor



Land
acquisition
for the
project


FPIU/SPIU
Fair compensation 
for
affected structures
and
crops
at
current
market
value
Provision
of
compensation and
assistance
to
vulnerable groups
Provision
of
differentiated
treatment
for
vulnerable people
Signing
of
agreements
with
local
authorities
and communities.
Ensure
the
ownership of land
is effectively
established
to
mitigate
the
possibilities
of
taking land owned
by
women
for
public
interest
without
ensuring
the
affected
women
are provided with
land
for
land
replacement option

Ensure
consultation with 
PAPs,
obtain
permit,
transfe
r title
and
documentation
World Bank
Supportive
Ensure
compliance
Niger
RAMP
provide
prompt
funding
for
implementati
o n of RAP
and the
restoration of
income
of
PAPs.
57

Risk of
social
conflict

Awareness
of 
historical
and cultural
nature
of
the project
area when
dealing with
affected
communities,

Ensure
that
communication
tools portrays
correct and
Consultations
with and
involvement of
local communities
in project planning
and
implementation
processes;
Awarenessraising among
local
community
an
d
58
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor




FPIU/SPIU
concise information
Provision
of 
information
regarding
Worker Code of
Conduct
Provision of cultural
sensitization
training for
workers regarding
engagement
with local
community.
Provision of a oneparagraph
Harassment
Policy, as an
addendum to the
Contractor workers’
contract, to be
signed as
a
commitment
to
adhere to Worker
Code of Conduct
and GBV
prevention.
Commitment
to
prioritizing
the
hiring of competent
locals
to
the
maximum extent to
avoid inter or intracommunity tension
with migrant
workers.
World Bank
workers.
Ensure
the
Contractor
adheres
to
Workers code of
conduct and local
tradition,
59

Paying
adequate
salaries for workers
to reduce incentive
Increased
for theft;
risk of illicit  Hiring
of
local
rkforce;
behavior
 Creation
of
and crime
supervised
(including
prostitution,
recreation areas in
workers’ camp
theft
as
an
d
well as
temporary
substan
rest areas at
ce
work
abuse)




Ensure
assignment
of
adequate
enforcement staff;
Enforcement
of
laws on drug
abuse and traffic;
Police monitoring
to prevent drugs
trafficking;
Sensitization
campaigns
for
both workers and
local
60
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor





sites;
Cooperation with
local
law
enforcement;
Introduction
of
sanctions
(e.g.,
dismissal)
for
workers involved in
criminal activities;
Provision
of
substance
(drug
and
alcohol)
abuse
prevention
an
d management
programs
for
workers involved in
the project site
Hiring of young
women
in
the
project areas to
mitigate the risk of
prostitution
and
sexual
transactions.
pay wage equal to
men and women on
the basis of equal
job
performed
and
merit.
FPIU/SPIU
World Bank
communities.
61

Adverse
impacts
o
n
community
dynamics

Provision
of 
services in the
workers’ camp to
reduce the need for
workers to use
local
community

facilities;
Provision
of
entertainment and
events for workers
within camp to
reduce incentives
for mixing with local
community
(Satellite
Television,
diner,
Liaison with civil 
society
organizations to
create
integrative action
plans;
Provision
of
upfront
information
on
potentially
detrimental
impacts on
local
communities.
Investment in
community
participation
and
engagement
programs.
62
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor


Impact
o
n
Community
Cultural
Traditions
FPIU/SPIU
bar).
Restriction
of
public access to
camps
and
construction areas
to be managed by
o assigning
security
personnel to
manage
access,
o fencing
of
camps,
o installation of
appropriate
signage
Contractor is to 
ensure the strict
implementation of
Labor Management
Plan to minimize
engagement with
the locals and to
ensure workers are
educated on the 
local traditions and
proper interactions.
Actions
disapproved by the
communities or by
their traditions must
be
corrected,
improved
and
proper
consultation must
be held with the
leaders to ensure
satisfaction
of
redress
mechanism.
World Bank
Provision
of
upfront
information
on
potentially
detrimental
cultural impacts
on local
communities
Liaise
with
community-based
organizations to
create
integrative action
plans.
63

Influx of
Additiona
l
Populatio
n
Contractor to hire  Communications
workers through a
campaign
to
systematic process
manage
managed by the
expectations
HR office
and
and discourage
avoid
spontaneous
influx
hiring “at the gate”
64
Expecte
Potential Mitigation Measures
d
FPIU/SPIU
Contractor
Advers
e
Impact
to
(“Followers”
of job seekers;
)
discourag  Coordinate with
e
spontaneous
Local
influx
of
job
government to
seekers
and
address
this
migrant workers.
additional influx of
 Development of a
the “followers” to
detailed and siteensure
that
specific labor influx
no illegal
management plan.
and unsafe
 Prioritize the hiring
settlements
of the locals for
develop;
qualified
skilled  Review
and
and unskilled work
ensure adherence
 Train women in
to labor influx
variety of skilled
management
and non-skilled
plan.
jobs such as
operating
construction
equipment,
involving them in
supervisory jobs,
inform
communities of all
hiring opportunities
in
construction
areas.
World Bank
65

Increased
communica
ble diseases 
(including
STDs and
HIV/AIDS)


Vaccinating

workers
against
common
and
locally
prevalent
diseases;
In association with
the National AIDs
Control Program contract
a
HIV
service provider to
be available onsite;
Implementation of
HIV/AIDS
education program;
Information
campaigns on
STDs among the
workers and local
community
in
collaboratio
n
Establishment

of upgrade of
health centers at
camp and
construction sites.
This should be
included
in
contractor’s
contract. The
clinic should
be
approved by
MoH;
o Free
testing
facilities;
o Provision of
condoms;
o Monitoring of
local
population
health data, in
Awareness
raising about
public
health
impacts from
labor influx.
66
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor
WITH Niger
State
Agency for Control
of AIDS (NISACA).
FPIU/SPIU
World Bank
particular for
transmissibl
e diseases.
67


Gender
based
violence,
including
sexual
harassment,
child
abus
e and
exploitation


Mandatory

and regular training
for workers
on
required
lawful
conduct
in
the
project areas and
legal consequences
for failure to comply
with laws;
Commitment /
policy to
cooperate
with 
law
enforcement
agencies
investigating
perpetrators
of
gender-based
violence;
Creation

of partnership
with local offices of
the Ministry of
Women Affairs
and Social
Development,
NGOs and
community women
groups to
report
workers’
misconduct
and
complaints/reports
on
genderbased violence
or
harassment
through
the GBV GRM;
Provision
of
opportunities
for
workers to regularly
return
to
their
families;
Provision
of
opportunities
for
workers
to
take
Capacity
building for
local law
enforcement
and the
Ministry
of
Women Affairs
and Social
Development to
act
on
GBV complaints;
Information
and awareness
raising
campaigns
for
community
members,
specifically
women and girls;
Provision
of
information to the
stakeholders
including
intervention
communities
about
the
contractor’s
policies
and
Worker Code
of
Conduct
(where
applicable).





Increased
security
presence in
nearby
communities;
Reinforceme
nt of police
force where
needed;
Deployment
of
female
police officers
in
project
area;
Application of
long-term
communitybased
approaches
to address the
issue;
Enforcement
of laws on
sexual
violence
and human
trafficking.
68
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor


Child
labo
r
and
scho
ol drop out
FPIU/SPIU
advantage
of
entertainment
opportunities
away from
rural
host
communities.
Commitment
to
providing
alternative
work
schedules or shifts
to
accommodate the
hiring of more local
female
workers.
This ensures they
can carry out their
domestic
duties
and avoid potential
domestic abuse for
reasons
justified
in
the ESIA.
Ensuring
that 
children and minors
are not employed
directly or indirectly
on the project.
Communication

on hiring criteria,
minimum age of
18,
and
applicable
laws.
World Bank
Enforcement
of
legislation on
child labor.
69

Risk
o
f
marginalizi
ng
Vulnerable
Groups
In order to mitigate 
impact
associated with age
vulnerably, the
contractor or social
protection
consultant
(SPC) when
conducting the
assessment
under Performance
Standard 1 (PS1) shall
identify
disadvantaged
or vulnerable
individuals or
groups that will be
directly or indirectly
affected in the
project area,
and
a
process

70
Expecte
d
Advers
e
Impact
Potential Mitigation Measures
Contractor
FPIU/SPIU
World Bank
whereby
differentiated
measures will be
developed
to
address
particula
r circumstances or
needs of
such
individuals
or
groups.
71
6.8
Overview of HIV/AIDs in Nigeria and Niger State
In 2016, Nigeria had 220 000 (150 000 - 310 000) new HIV infections and 160 000 (110 000
- 230
000) AIDS-related deaths. There were 3 200 000 people living with HIV in 2016, among
whom 30% were accessing antiretroviral therapy. Also in Niger state (the project state) the
Niger State Agency for Control of Aids (NISACA) report shows that about 32,550 persons
were living with HIV/AIDS. Among this, NISACA stated that 17,944 representing 55% are
receiving antiretroviral treatment.
Among pregnant women living with HIV in Nigeria, 32% were accessing treatment or
prophylaxis to prevent transmission of HIV to their children. An estimated 37 000 children
were newly infected with HIV due to mother-to-child transmission. Among people living with
HIV, approximately 24% had suppressed viral loads.
Since 2010, new HIV infections have decreased by 21% and AIDS-related deaths have
decreased by 6%.
Nigeria’s HIV epidemic affects all population groups and geographic areas of the country.
Nigeria is a Fast-Track country and its response is guided by the National Strategic
Framework 2017–2021, which aims at ending AIDS by achieving zero new infections, zero
AIDS related deaths and zero discrimination. Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of
HIV is a priority. Stigma and discrimination is a major challenge, especially towards key
populations and people living with HIV.
It can be deduced from the overview of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria that, rural people are largely prone to
the HIV/AIDS infection as a result of unprotected heterosexual sex which might be consequential
upon the low level of campaign against HIV/AIDS in the rural settlements. Therefore, it is essential
to make provision for a protective approach for inhabitants of the communities where RAMP will
undergo road rehabilitation/construction project in order to prevent increasing spread of the
diseases among the people.
Risk: While the project can contribute significantly on combating HIV/AIDS and other
diseases by providing access to health services and centers, the likelihood of the project
attracting labor influx in the project area is high. This could increase contractor workers’
interaction with local communities which could also increase the likelihood of HIV/AIDS
prevalence, STDs, sexual harassments of women and girls, exploitive sexual relations, illicit
sexual relationships and crime.
Mitigation Measure: All risks related to labor influx will have to be mitigated. Participation
of project beneficiaries, project proponent and project contractors such as Community
based grievance redress mechanism and contractors’ workers and consultant employees, in
identifying mitigation and implementing measures is critical. The mitigation measure should
include instruments such as “Labor Influx Management Plan” and “Workers Camp Site
Management Plan”.
72
CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FOR THE RAMP II
PHASE 2 ROADS PROJECTS
7.1
Introduction
This environmental and socio-economic management plan would act as an abridged operational
manual for the project with respect to environmental and socio-economic issues during
implementation and operation. In practical terms, it details how the mitigation measures proposed
should be carried out; and the responsibilities and frequencies of the actions. A Matrix table of the
Environmental and Socio- Economic Management Plan is present in Table 14-16
7.2
Institutional Assessment and Arrangement for ESMP Implementation
Table 13 provides a summary of institutions and their responsibility in implementing the ESMP.
Table 14: Responsibilities of Key Stakeholders
S/N
1
2
Stakeholder
Responsibilities
Project Phase
SMEnV
 Issue the necessary environmental
permits, provide
monitoring
framework,
enforce
regulations
Preparation
FPIU
 Documents review.
 Receive and consider regular project progress
and project performance report.
 Co-ordinate all RAMP II projects, engage
project consultants, monitor project execution,
co- ordinate maintenance activities
3
SPIU
4
 Identify roads, co-ordinate resettlement
activities/compensations. Co-ordinate local
level
road maintenance
SPIU
 Review ESMP and ensure its compliance to
Environmnetal
the applicable policies of the Bank that the
and
SPIU is sufficiently informed on monitoring
Soci
results of the ESMP
al Safegurard
Officers

Execution
Demobilizatio
n
Preparatio
n
Execution
Demobilization
Preparation
Execution
Demobilizatio
n
Verify that the baseline information of all PAPs
have been carried out and that the valuation of
assets lost or damaged, and the provision of
compensation, resettlement and other
rehabilitation entitlements has been carried out
in accordance with the provisions of the policy
73
framework and the respective inventory in the
74
S/N
Stakeholder
Responsibilities
Project Phase
ARAP prepared.

5
6.
Consulta
nt
(Design
Engineer
s)
Rural
Roads
Maintenanc
e
Committee
(RRMC)
Oversee that the ESMP is implemented as
designed and approved.
Design for road construction/rehabilitation, erosionProject Design
control, water management and other negative
Preparation of Contract
impacts.
Document Phase
Incorporate suitable clauses committing contractor
to execute his task with due diligence applying
environmentally friendly methods. The document
should include necessary monitoring and
enforcement
clauses consistent with best practices
 Provide quality control for sitespecific rehabilitation and construction works
All Phases
 Facilitate liaisons with the SPIU on issues
affecting works on selected roads
 Facilitate conflict resolution
Contractor(s) and community
between
the
 Assess and evaluate the quality of work being
done by the Contractor
 Encourage efforts towards
7.
Contractor(S)
 Implement rehabilitation/construction works on
roads
 Ensure that all management staff including
foremen, safety officer and site managers are
conversant with environmental and socio- Mobilization Phase
cultural issues of the RAMPII
 Make sure that all staff above are informed
about and fully understand environmentfriendly construction methods relating to
environmental sustainability.
 Establish, operate and maintain construction
camps and rehabilitate campsite after project
Prepare and submit burrow pit management
plans for approval by relevant authorities and
consultant in good time
before exploitation
establish
commences.
Prepare,
75
S/N
Stakeholder
Responsibilities
Project Phase
and submit to consultant, waste management
plan for all categories of wastes
All Phases
 Utilize/apply
only
environment
friendly
methods and equipment in the project. Take
responsibility for the occupational health and
safety of all persons at the worksites at all
times and also implement measures that
consider community
8
9
Supervisin
g
Consultant
s
World
Ban
k and AFD
10
NGOs’
CBOs’
safety during construction.
 Supervise the construction works

Ensure that the civil works is carried out
by the contractors at different phases of
the
construction based on the given design
 Oversight in Quality control of project
Throughout the project
 Fund mobilization efficiency and effectiveness
 Undertake Due diligence to ensure project
environmental and social sustainability
 Work with community members throughout the Throughout the project
project.
 Drive community approaches to road
maintenance
 Be involved in the monitoring activities,
11
Communi
ty
Members
participate in Health awareness campaigns
Express any concerns about the project both in Throughout
the preliminary design and at any other phase of
the project including those not originally ct Phase
envisaged.
Proje
Be prepared to participate fully in road
maintenance activities.
 Be prepared to participate in community
policing.
 Be prepared to participate in road
construction work.
 Be prepared to participate in health
awareness campaigns.
76
Table 15: Matrix Table for Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Mitigation Measures with Responsibilities and Cost - Pre-Construction
Phase
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
Environme
nt
Mobilizat
ion
of
workers,
equipme
nt
an
d other
material
s into the
project
site
Increase
in
amounts of
fugitive
dusts and
exhaust
fumes from
movement
of heavyduty
vehicles
and
equipment
into
work
areas.
Mobilizat
ion
of
workers,
equipme
nt
an
d other
material
s into
The
project
site
Loss of top
soil and soil
compaction
due
to
movement
of vehicles to
site
and
stacking of
heavy-duty
equipment
Air
Soil
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Sprinkling of
water
via
spraying
devices to
limit dusts.
Monitoring
Indicators
Where
to
Monito
r
2-3km
Radiu
s of
project
area
How to
monito
r
Ensure that
vehicles are
serviced;
undergo
vehicle
emission
testing
(VE
T)
and
vehicl
e exhaust
screening
(VES) as laid
down in the
NESREA
guidelines.
Limit zone of
vehicle
an
d equipment
weight
impacts
(designate an
area
for
parking
an
d stacking
equipment)
Ensure that
vehicles are
serviced;
undergo
vehicle
emission
testing (VET)
and
vehicl
e exhaust
screening
(VES) as laid
down in the
NESREA
guidelines.
2-3km
Radiu
s of
project
area
Air
qualit
y test
Every
months
Visible
demarcation
of
vehicle
s and
equipment
limit zone
Warning
signs, flags
will be
utilized
to
alert users,
so as to
reduce
risks
Project
camp
sites
and
equip
m ent
packin
g
zones
Visual
observ
a tion,
Soil
Compa
c tion
test
Weekly
Air
quality
parameters
are
within
permissible
Limits
Air
qualit
y test
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Twice monthly Mitigation:
Contractor
Institutional
Responsibili
ty(
Monitoring)
Monitoring:
SMENV,
PIU
,
ESO
Contractor
Costs (USD)
ESO
Nil
1,000
two
Mitigation:
PIU
an
d
Contractors
67
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where
to
Monito
r
How to
monito
r
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibili
ty(
Monitoring)
Costs (USD)
associated
with
the
construction
of the project
Environme
nt
Noise
Mobilizat
ion
of
workers,
equipme
nt
an
d other
material
s into
The
project
site
Leakages
from
stacked
equipment
and
subsequent
intrusion of
oil
an
d
chemical
substance
s into soil.
Increase
above
permissible
noise
level
, (90dB)
during
movement
of vehicles,
equipment
and
machines
(sitespecific and
widespread)
.A
Logarithmic
scale
in
decibels (ie
Decibel
Sound
Pressure
Level)
was
Ensure
fastening of
loose
parts
(bolts,
nuts)
; Install
impermeable
surface at the
limit zone to
contain
potential
leakages
Installation of
impermeable
platform
at
limit zone.
Project
camp
sites
and
equip
m ent
packin
g
zones
Soil
qualit
y test
Weekly
The
Options for
noise impact
mitigation are
being
implemented
2-3Km
Radiu
s of
project
site
Noise
level
testin
g
Weekly
effectiv
e control
of
noise
from
vehicles
an
d equipment
during
this
phase may be
achieved by
considering
the following
techniques:

Alternativ
e design
options;

Mitigatio
n at the
source;

Mitigatio
n along
the
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMEN
V, NISEPA,
PIU
Mitigation:
PIU,
Contractor
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMEn
v, NISEPA
500
68
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
used.
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
path; and

Vegetation
Vegetati
on
clearing
Displaceme
n t of
soil
fauna and
damage to
flora.
Predisposin
g of soils to
erosion
Monitoring
Indicators
Where
to
Monito
r
How to
monito
r
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibili
ty(
Monitoring)
Costs (USD)
Vegetation
clearing
is
limited
to
precise
areas
Project
Commu
nity
especia
ll y
access
routes
For
a
and
fauna
studies
in
selecte
d areas
Monthly
Mitigation:
Contractor
s
Monitoring:
ESO, PIU
Nil
Revegetation is
ongoin
g where
appropriate.
Commu
nity
especia
ll y
access
routes
Groun
d
trotting
Monthly
Mitigatio
n at the
receiver
For minimal
disturbance it
will be
advised that
equipment is
transported
when it will
cause
least
disturbance
Contractors
should limit
vegetation
clearing
to
minimum
areas
required
particularly
areas
with
indigenous
vegetation
Cleared areas
should be revegetated
with beneficial
local species
known
to
mitigate
against erosion
ESO
69
69
Compon
e nt
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to How
Monitor
to
monit
or
Monitoring Institutional
Frequency Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Social
Traffic
Mobilization
of
workers
, equipment
and
other
materials
into the
project
site
Mobilization
of
workers
, equipment
and
other
materials
into the
project
site
Traffic
congestion/tra
vel delay
along some
major
roads
Apply
Lane
configuration
changes are
being
mad
e where
applicable.
Project
routes
within
commun
i ty
Site
visits
and
observ
a tion
Daily
Retrofitting
with
vehicl
e
sound proof
materials
is
being
performed
Project
commun
i ty
Inspect
Contra
c tors
equipm
ent
Daily
Provision of
face
mask
s and
appropriate
PPEs are
being
provided.
Projec
t area
Site
visits
and
inspect
i ons
Weekly
Noise
Social
Air
Mobilization
of
workers
, equipment
and
other
materials
into The
project
lan
e
configuratio
n changes
to affected
roads
and
streets.
Nuisance to Retrofit with
nearby
suitable
residential
costeffectiv
areas
e vehicle
sound
proofing
materials/
technologie
s
.
Exposure to Provision
health
risks of
from fugitive facemasks
to residents
dusts
and project
an
personnel.
d exhausts
fumes.
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Monitorin
g
)
Monitoring:
ESO,
FRSC;
Costs (USD)
Mitigation:
Contractor
s
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMENV,
NISEPA
1,500
Mitigation:
SMENV,
PIU,
Public
Health
depts. PROJECT
LGA
Monitoring:
ESO,
NISEPA
500
Mitigation:
Contractors,
FRS
C (Federal Road
Safety Corps)
Nil
70
site
Restrict
access of
non-project
personnel
to work
areas
where
dusts and
emissions
exist/persis
t from
project
works.
Restriction
barrier
are
being
installed.
Projec
t site
Site
visits
and
inspect
i on
71
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
Land
Land
Acquisitio
n
Construct
i on
camping
Transportati
on
an
d
movement of
heavy
equipment
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Conflict owing The PIU will
to unresolved
carry out an
land
extensive
acquisition
enlightenm
and
e nt
involuntary
program to
displacement
inform
during
the farmers
construction
and
communitie
s on the
aim, scope
and
nature
of the work
Public Safety Transportat
and
i on of
heavy
Traffi
c congestion
equipment
will
be
carried out
during off
pick
hour
s when it
will not
disturb
public
movement
Monitoring
Indicators
Documented
evidence of
enlightenmen
t carried out
showing
method,
coverage and
dates
of
programs
Evidence
warning
signal
of
Log record of
time of lorry
arrival/discha
r ge
of
equipment
Where
How to
to
monitor
Monito
r
Project
Exami
commun n e
i ty
grieva
n ce
redres
s
reports
Monitorin
g
Frequency
Project
communi
ties and
transport
routes
Weekly
during preconstructio
n phase
Site
visits
and
inspect
i ons
Monthly for
6months
before and
during
constructio
n/construct
ion phase
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Mitigation: PIU
Mitigation:
Contractor
PIU
Institutional
Responsibili
ty(
Monitoring)
Monitoring:
PIU,
Independe
nt
Consultant
,
Contractor
s
Monitoring:
PIU most
importantly,
ESO),
Costs (USD)
1,000
-
72
Where
movement
cannot be
avoided
during work
hour,
the
contractor
must attach
a
warnin
g
signal
73
Component Subcompone
nt
Others
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
Mobilization
of
workers
, equipment
and
other
materials
into The
project
site
.
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Disruption of Adequate
vehicle
and timely
an
sensitizatio
d pedestrian
n of
access
to identified
where
Responden
construction
t s;
works will be
Lane
carried out
configurati
on
Grievances
and negative
community
perception
about
the
project.
Adequate
and timely
sensitizatio
n of
identified
Responden
ts
Setting up
of GRM
Monitoring
Indicators
Adequate
and timely
sensitization
program
is
being
conducted
Lane
configuration
change
hav
e
been made
Sensitization
exercise are
conducted
Where
How to
to
monitor
Monito
r
Project
Site
communi visits
ties and
and
transport inspect
routes
i ons
Project
communi
ties and
transport
routes
Monitorin
g
Frequency
Monthly
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Mitigation:
Contracto
r, PIU
Examin
e
Aware
n ess
reports
, site
visits
and
consult
ations
Monitoring:
PIU most
importantly,
ESO)
Compon
e nt
Subcompo
n ent
Activitie
s
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where
to
Monito
r
How to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Occupati
o nal
Health
and
Safety
Air
Mobiliza
t ion of
workers,
equipme
nt
an
d other
material
s into
the
project
site
Respiratory
disease
risks
from exposure
to
exhaus
t fumes
of
equipment
and vehicles
Institute
Institution
of WRPP
Contrac
tors
project
camp/of
fice
Examine
contracto
rs
WRPP
Weekly
Mitigation:
Independent
Consultant,
Contractors
worker
s respiratory
protection
program (WRPP)
Institutional
Responsibili
ty(
Monitoring)
Monitoring:
PIU(most
importantly
, ESO)
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Monitorin
g
)
Monitoring:
ESO,
NISEPA,
PIU
Costs (USD)
see
lan
d acquisition
enlightenme
nt
1,000
Costs (USD)
1,000
Provide
nos
e masks for
workers
72
Compon
e nt
Subcompo
n ent
Activitie
s
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Noise
Mobilizat
ion
of
workers,
Noise pollution
Institute
noise
control plan
Institution
Contrac
of
noise tors
control plan project
equipme
nt
and
other
materials
into the
project
site
Accident Mobilizat
s
ion
of
workers,
equipme
nt
and
other
materials
into the
project
site
Accidents
involving
pedestrians
signage
of
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Monitorin
g
)
Monitoring:
ESO,
NISEPA,
PIU
Costs (USD)
control
plan
Contractor
Contrac
tors
project
camp/of
fice
Examine
Contracto
rs
Accident
preventio
n plan
One-off
PIU,
Contractor, PIU
Independent
Consultant
Nil
Examine
Contracto
rs
Accident
preventio
n plan
Site visits
One-off
PIU
PIU
500
Weekly
PIU, Contractor
PIU
(ESO 500
,
Signages
found per
km of road
length
Training has Contrac
been
tors
conducted
project
camp/of
fice
Safety
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
camp/of
fice
Use caution tapes
and signages
safety
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Mitigation:
Independent
Consultant,
traffic
control
workers
seenon site
Install
How to
monitor
Examine
Weekly
Contracto
rs Noise
Engage
traffic
control staff during
mobilization and
construction
Contractor(s)
education
and
training
on
pedestrian safety
Collapse
heavy
Where
to
Monito
r
Project
signage
site
have
been
installed
Conduct haulage Training has Contrac
safety training
been
tors
and
500
etc.)
inspection
Inspection One-off
and
Contractor
PIU most
importantly,
500
73
equipment etc.
being
conveyed
to construction
conducted
project
camp/of
consultati
on with
fice
workers
ESO)
73
Compon
e nt
Subcompo
n ent
Personn
el Safety
Activitie
s
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where
to
Monito
r
How to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
work area
Enhanced
fastening
of
equipment
to
carriage section
of vehicles.
Contractor(s Contrac
tors
)
Compliance project
camp/of
fice
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
Weekly
Contractor
Attack
from
dangerous
animals during
de-vegetation
activities
Conduct safety
and first aid
training
Training has Contrac
been
tors
conducted
project
camp/of
fice
Inspectio
n and
consultati
on with
workers
One-off
Contractor
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Monitorin
g
)
PIU most
importantly
, ESO)
Costs (USD)
PIU most
importantly
, ESO)
500
500
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE TOTAL: 9,500
74
Table 16: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Mitigation Measures with Responsibilities and Cost - Construction Phase
Compone
nt
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
where
to
monito
r
How to
monitor
Environm
e nt
Climat
e
Chang
e
Operation
of
equipmen
t used
during the
constructi
o n phase
GHG
Emissions
Fuel
switchingFuel
switching
from high- to
lowcarbon
content
fuels
(wher
e available) can
be a relatively
cost
effective
means
to
mitigate
GHG
emissions during
this phase.
Transition
to
renewable
energy sources
i.e. solar energy
(where
applicable)
Complianc
e to
proffered
mitigation
measures.
2-3km
Radiu
s of
project
area
Air quality
test
Projec
t site
Monito
r ing
Freque
n
cy
Weekly
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Mitigation:
PIU
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Monitoring:
NISEPA, PIU
500
, Contractors
Site visits
and
inspection
Energy
efficiencyMachines
e.g.
generator plants
could be turned
off when not in
use, in order to
reduce
carbon
emissions.
75
Multiple
trips
reduction:
In
order to reduce
vehicular
movement
an
d subsequent
increased
carbon
emissions.
76
Compone
nt
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
where
to
monito
r
How to
monitor
Monito
r ing
Freque
n
cy
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Contractor
s
Complianc
e
2-3km
Radiu
s of
project
area
Air quality
test
Daily
Mitigation:
Contractor
s
Monitoring:
NISEPA,
PI
U
(most
importantly
, ESO)
-Nil
Daily
Mitigation:
Contractor
s
Monitoring:
NISEPA,
PI
U
(most
importantly
, ESO)
1,500
Hire/use
vehicles,
Air
Operation
of
equipmen
t used
during the
constructi
o n phase
Constructi
on works
–
including
filling and
compactio
n
activities,
constructi
o n of side
drains,
culverts
and other
hydraulic
structures
Fugitive
and cement
dusts
plants
an
d equipment that
are
in
good
condition
(current models)
generally
less
than 3 yrs.
old.
Routine watering
of
the
construction site
77
78
Component
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitori
ng
Indicator
s
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Environment
Air
Heavy
equipme
nt
operation
s
durin
g
constructi
on
Exhaust
fumes,
hazardous
gases
(NOx
,
CO,
SOx,
SPM,),
Oxides from
welding
activities.
Wet Right-of-Way
to reduce dust
production
QC and
QA are in
practice
Projec
t site
Site
Monthly
Test Procedures –
Routine measuring
of HC and
CO
concentrations
during
construction
works should be
employed for PMS
powered
vehicles.
Diesel
(AGO)
vehicles should be
tested for exhaust
opacity
during
unloaded engine
free acceleration
periods.
Contracto
rs
Complian
ce
Visi
t and
inspection
Monthly
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Mitigation
)
Mitigation:
PIU,
Contractors
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Monitoring:
PIU
most
importantly,
ESO),
Contractors
Monitoring:
PIU
(mos
t importantly,
ESO),
SMEnv
500
77
Quality Control –
Routine
equipment
efficiency audits
Quality Assurance
– Continuous
training of
contractor(s
) personnel on air
quality
management
Contracto
rs
Complian
ce
Projec
t site
Site visits,
inspection
and
consultati
o n with
workers
Monthly
Mitigation:
Contractor
s
Monitoring:
PIU
(mos
t importantly,
ESO),
SMEnv
-Nil
78
Component
Component
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitori
ng
Indicator
s
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Water
quality/Hyd
rology
All
construct
i on
works
Contaminati
o n of
surface
water
(discharge of
sediment
laden run-off
into
drainages,
waterways
etc)
Contracto
rs
Complian
ce
Surfac
e
water
within
project
area
Water
qualit
y test
Daily
Defecatio
n near
the
project
site
Generation
of sewage
overtime
(from use of
temporary
mobile toilets
by personnel
involved in
civil works)
Attempts
to
dispose
of
sediment-laden
run-off
into
surface
water
should
be
discouraged and
prevented.
Implement sitespecific
wast
e
management
plans
Liaise with the
municipal
sewage
collection
authorities
for
collection
an
d treatment of
waste
with
NISEPA
PIU
Complian
ce
Surfac
e
water
within
project
area
Water
quality
test,
consulatat
i on with
monitorin
g agency
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitori
ng
Indicator
s
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Mitigation
)
Mitigation:
Contractor
s
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Monitoring:
PIU
(mos
t importantly,
ESO),
SMEnv
Nil
Monthly
Mitigation:
Contractor
Monitoring:
PIU
(mos
t importantly,
ESO)
SMENV,
NISEPA
1000
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Mitigation
)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
79
Component
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitori
ng
Indicator
s
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Mitigation
)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Environment
Soil/geolo
gy
Movement
of
heav
y
vehicles/St
a tionary
vehicles
and
equipment
Surface
soil
compaction
PIU,
Project
site
an
d routes
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
,
soil
testing
Monthly
PIU,
Contractors
Monitoring:
SMENV,
PI
U
(most
importantly
, ESO)
Nil
Contaminat
i on by oil
spills,
lubricants
and other
chemicals
Pollution of
soil
and
groundwat
er
Creation of limit
zones
Minimize
compaction during
stockpiling
by
working the soil in
the dry state.
Rip
compacte
d areas to reduce
runoff and revegetate
where
necessary
All topsoil and
other soil profiles
must be
managed strictly
All
oil
and
lubricants should
be sited on an
impervious base
and should have
drip pans
The storage area
should be far from
water course
All
container
s should be clearly
labelled
Project
site
an
d routes
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
, soil and
groundw
a
ter
testing
Periodica
ll y
Mitigation:
Contractor
Monitoring:
SMENV,
PI
U
(most
importantly
, ESO)
Nil
an
d
Contracto
r’s
Complian
ce
Contracto
r
Complian
ce
79
Filling and
Compactio
n activities
for
gully
head
and finger
gullies
reclamatio
n
Loss of top
soil
;
possible
minor
to
moderate
soil
instability
Ensure excavation
is
limited
to
desired areas
Filling
and
compaction
in
layers must range
between
150
200mm
thicknesses
Contracto
r
Complian
ce
Project
site
an
d routes
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
Monthly
Contractor
Monitoring:
PIU
(mos
t importantly,
ESO)
Nil
80
Component
Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitori
ng
Indicator
s
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Mitigation
)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Contracto
r
Complian
ce
Project
site
an
d routes
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
Weekly
Contractor
Monitoring:
SMENV,
PI
U
(most
importantly
, ESO)
Nil
as recommended.
Erosion
manageme
nt
Erosion
manageme
nt
The
contractor
must implement
appropriate
erosion
control
measures to avoid
erosion in the
area.
Construct
soil
conservation
measures
at
appropriate
locations
Execution of major
works that would
impact on soil
structure should
be carried out
during the dry
season. If done
during
the wet
seaso
n,
temporal
drain
should
precede
the
permanent
drain so that runoff
from
rain
can
be
managed properly.
81
82
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitori
ng
Indicator
s
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Mitigation
)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs (USD)
Environment Noise
Constructi
o n of all
hydraulic
structures
Extensive
noise sitespecific
pollution as
a result of
on-going
constructio
n works.
Mitigation
at
source (for all
activities)
A noise barrier or
acoustic shield will
reduce noise by
interrupting the
propagation
of
sound waves.
Contracto
rs
Complian
ce
Project
site
an
d routes
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
,
of
equipme
nt
Weekly
Mitigation:
PIU,
Contractors
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMENV,
Nil
Increase in
waste
generated
Implement sitespecific
wast
e
management
plan
Contracto
rs
Complian
ce
Projec
t site
Site
visits,
inspectio
n
,
and
consultati
on with
monitorin
g
agencies
Weekly
Mitigation:
Contractor
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMENV,
NISEPA,
1000
Project
communi
ty
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
One-off
Mitigation:
Contractor
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMENV,
NISEPA,
500
Constructi
on
an
d
stabilizati
o n of
gully
Waste
All
constructio
n/construc
t ion works
Liaise
with
NISEPA
for
effective
waste
management
Sanitary
Concern
s
Increase
d human
faecal
waste
Increased
human
faecal
waste
Provision of on-site Contracto
sanitary facilities
rs
Complian
c
e
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMENV,
81
Component
Subcompone
nt
Design
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
All
Interferenc
Constructio e with the
n Works
physical
setting
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
The design shall
in no way propose
to implement
developments that
will
hinder
drainage, change
the topography or
introduce physical
changes that are
not in harmony
with the physical
setting
of
the
Project area.
The structures to
be
developed
should
be
aesthetically
acceptable
to
blend in with the
surrounding. The
proponent shall as
much as possible
complete
the
works in such a
way that natural
aesthetics shall be
retained at the
locations
. Restoration shall
be undertaken to
ensure that the
original setting is
as
much
as
possible
retained.
Monitori
ng
Indicator
s
Contracto
rs
Complian
ce
Where to
monitor
Projec
t site
How to
monitor
Site visit
and
inspectio
n
Monitori
ng
Frequen
cy
Durin
g
Desig
n
Institution
al
Responsib
ili ty
(Mitigation
)
Monitoring:
Contractor
PIU
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
No
addition
al costs to
BOQ
82
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potential Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where
to
monito
r
How
to
monitor
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Social
Livelihoo
d
Impacts
Constructi
o n/
Constructi
on
of
drainag
e
network
Disruptions
to
residents
activities – (e.g.
blocked access
to residents)
Independent
Consultants
Compliance
Projec
t
comm
u nity
Examine
Communi
ty
Livelihoo
d
enhance
m ent
plan
One-off
Mitigation:
PIU,
Independen
t Consultant
Monitoring:
PIU
(mos
t importantly,
SLO)
Budg
et for
ARAP
not
part of
BOQ
for
ESMP
Traffic
Mobilizatio
n
of
equipment
and other
materials
Loss of travel
time due to
heavy
concentration of
construction/proj
ect vehicles on
and
off
the
project site
Grievances
an
d negative
perception
among residents
an
d commercial
establishments
about the project
Conduct
survey
/ARAP to
identif
y best
alternatives
to prevent
disruptions to
livelihood
within on &
off-site work
areas before
commencem
e nt
of
construction
works.
Lane
configuratio
n changes
Contractor
s
Complianc
e
Projec
t area
Site
Weekly
Mitigation:
FRSC
Monitoring:
PIU
(mos
t importantly,
ESO),
Nil
Involve
Respondents
at
certain
levels
of
decision
making
and
implementati
on of
activities
PIU
Compliance
Projec
t
comm
u nity
Monthly
Mitigation:
PIU,
Contractors
Mitigation:
PIU,
(mos
t importantly,
ESO)
visit
s and
inspection
Site visit
and
consultati
on
with
community
83
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potential Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where
to
monito
r
How
to
monitor
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs
(USD)
Education
Extensive
civil
work/cons
t ruction
activities
Noise
disturbances to
the
seren
e environments
for the residence
Compliance
Acade
mi c
instituti
ons
within
project
area
Visits
,
inspection
and
consultati
on
with
institutions
Monthly
Mitigation:
PIU,
Contractors
Monitoring:
ESO,
PROJECT
LGA
500
Health
Continuou
s civil work
activities
and steady
influx
of
workforce
Increase
in
sexual activities
leading
to
possible spread
of STIs
Mitigation at
source
Inform
resident
s
prior
to
commenceme
nt of works
Awareness
campaign on
sexual
diseases,
and
distribution of
male
an
d female
condoms.
Conduct of
awareness
campaigns
Project
commu
nity,
contrac
t ors
camp
Consultatio Quarterly
ns,
Mitigation:
MWR, Public
Health dept.
of
PROJE
CT LGA.
Monitoring:
ESO, SMH
1,000
Social
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Monitorin
g
Frequenc
y
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs (USD)
84
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Monitorin
g
Frequenc
y
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs (USD)
Social
Continuou
s civil
work
activities
and
steady
influx of
workforce
Incidence
of
respirator
y
diseases
due to air
contamin
ation by
fugitive
dusts and
exhaust
fumes
Facemask
s are
bein
g
distributed
Project
communit
y
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
Monthly
Mitigation:
PIU,
Contractors
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMH
,
Public Health
dept. of the
PROJECT
LGA,
500
Blocked
drainag
e
channel
Possible
spread of
water
borne
diseases
Distribute
facemasks to
residents as
a means to
reduce
allergic
reactions
and
respiratory
disease
occurrence.
Regular
sprinkling of
water
in
during
construction
works.
Creation of
temporary
channels to
collect flood
water
Compliance
Project
communit
y
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
Mitigation:
Contractor
s
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMEN
V, SMH
Waste
managem
e nt
Increase
in
wast
e
generate
d from
constructi
on works
Ensure that
all
construction
wastes
are
gathered onsite
and
disposed off
according
through the
available
waste
disposal
operation in
the
project
Contractor
s
Complianc
e
Project
communit
y
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
Contractors
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMEN
V, NISEPA
Health
Environm
e ntal
hygiene
and
aesthetics
Weekly
85
area.
86
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Behaviour
Implemen
t ation of
civil works
and Rest
periods
Occurren
c e of onsite/offsite social
vices
(Fights,
rape,
harassm
e nts,
theft,
vandalis
m
, drug use
etc.
Conflicts
between
contracto
r s,
communi
t ies etc.
may
disrupt
completio
n of tasks.
Enforce
Hearing
impairme
nt
for
machiner
y
operators
Social
Project
performan
ce
Implemen
t ation of
all
constructi
o n phase
activities
Noise
Massive
use
of
heavy
machinery
for
land
clearing,
levelling
and
excavatio
n of soil
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Monitorin
g
Frequenc
y
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Compliance
Project
communit
y
Site visits
and
inspectio
n and
consultati
ons
Monthly
Contractors
PIU
Good work
enforcement
program
Conflict
resolutio
n
Regular
stakeholder
s meetings
Compliance
Project
communit
y
Site
visits,
inspectio
n s and
consultat
i ons
Monthly
Contractors
PIU
Budget in GRM
Operators of
heavy duty
machines
must wear
ear muffs
Evidence
of
procureme
n t of ear
muffs
Evidence
of use of
the PPE
Record of
signing out
time
Project
communit
y
Site visits
and
inspectio
n and
consultati
on
Daily
Contractor
Monitoring:
SMENV,
PIU
500
an
d ensure
proper
orientation
on
acceptable
behaviours
for
construction
personnel
on/off-site.
They must
not exceed 8
working
hours per
day
Costs (USD)
87
Component Subcompone
nt
Loss
of
occupatio
n
Activities
Land
Acquisitio
n
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Noise
nuisance
for
Resident
s.
Disincent
i ve to
land
owners
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How to
monitor
Monitorin
g
Frequenc
y
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Mitigation at
Compliance
source
Inform
residents
prior
to
commenceme
nt of works
Project
communit
y
Site visits
and
inspectio
n
,
consultat
i on
Monthly
Mitigation:
PIU,
Contractors
Monitoring:
PIU
The
pastoralist
must
be
carried along
all through
Project
communit
y
consultat
i on
monthly
Mitigation:
Contractor
Monitoring: PIU -
Minutes of
meetings
with
lan
d owners
Costs (USD)
88
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Occupation
al
Healt
h and
Safety
All
construc
t ion
activities
Develop
Independent
Consultants/
Contractors
Compliance
Project
communit
y
Inspection
and
consultatio
n with
contractor,
examining
contractors
health and
Safety
manageme
n t plan
and
consultants
report
Personnel
safety
Fugitive
dust and
fumes
from
grinding,
welding,
cutting,
or
brazing
surfaces
coated
with
leadbased
paint;
Silica
dust from
cutting
concrete;
solvent
vapours
from
adhesive
s
,
paints
,
strippers,
cleaning
solvents,
and
spray
coatings;
and
isocyana
te
vapours
from
and
implement on-site
occupational
health
and
safet
y
management plan;
Routine
OH
S
training
and
education;
Conduct routine
JHA/PHA;
Use
of
PPE;
Establish electrical
safety
program;
Establish
fall
protection
program; Establish
fleet safety
management
program; Establish
and
implement
HazCom;
Conduct
hazard
identification,
control and
analysis; Establish
fire
prevention
program;
Use
Monitori
ng
Frequen
c
y
Monthly
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Costs (USD)
Independent
Consultant,
Contractors
Monitoring:
PIU
1,500
89
spray
foam
insulatio
n and
certain
material safety
data sheets
(MSDS);
Employ hierarchy
of controls
procedure;
Conduct
OHSRA,
Cost
Benefi
t Analysis(CBA),
Return
on
Investment(ROI)/p
a y-back
period
analysis
90
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
spray
paints or
coatings
.
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Contractors should
prepare
an
d
implement
a
Community Affairs,
Safety,
Health
, Environment and
Security
(CASHES)
manual,
to
coordinate
OHS
issues during the
construction
phase.
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitori
ng
Frequen
c
y
Monthly
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Contractors
Monitoring:
PIU
Costs (USD)
CONSTRUCTION PHASE TOTAL: 9,500
91
Table 15:ESMP Mitigation Measures with Responsibilities and Cost - Operational & Maintenance Phase
Componen Subcompone
t
nt
Activities
Environmen Air
t
Increased
Vehicle
movement
Soil
Change of
topograph
y
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
Monitoring
n
Indicators
Measure
s
Increase of Air sampling Compliance
road users and
on Access monitoring
Road
Change in Training
on Trainings
soil profile
Sustainable
are
Land
conducted
Management
Increase in (SLM)
practices
soil salinity
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitoring
Frequency
Project
communit
y
Air quality
testing
Monthly
Project
communit
y
Soil quality
testing
Monthly
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Monitoring:
SMENV
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Monitoring:
ESO, SMENV,
(state), NISEPA
Mitigation: PIU,
SMENV
Monitoring:
1,000
ESO, SMENV,
(state), NISEPA
Monitoring:
ESO, SMENV,
(state), NISEPA
Change in
land use
Noise
Increase of Noise
Water
Quality
road users
on Access
Road
Roadway
runoff
Waste
Waste
generation
nuisance to
local
residents
Potential
surface
water
pollution
Social and
health
concerns
arising due
to
poor
waste
managemen
t practices
Cost
s
(USD
)
-
Monitoring:
ESO, SMENV,
(state), NISEPA
Noise
sampling
and
monitoring
Project
Noise level
communit
y
testing
Compliance Project
communit
y, surface
water
Dispose waste Proper
Project
streams
waste
communit
through the managemen y
municipal
t
waste
management
system in the
project area.
Water
quality
testing
Visits and
Inspections
Water
sampling and
monitoring
One-off
Mitigation: PIU,
Monitoring:
500
SMENV
ESO, SMENV,
(state), NISEPA
Bi-Annual
Mitigation: PIU,
SMENV
Monitoring:
500
ESO, SMENV,
(state), NISEPA
Monthly
Mitigation: PIU,
SMENV
Monitoring:
1000
ESO, SMENV,
(state), NISEPA
92
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Blocked
drainage
due to poor
waste
disposal
Environme
nt
Others
Negligenc
e of
rehabilitat
ed project
site
Negligence
of
rehabilitate
d
project
site
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Flooding
roads
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMEN
V,
(state), NISEPA
Cost
s
(USD
)
PIU
Compliance
Project
communi
ty
Visits
Monthly
PIU
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMENV
Nil
on
Regular
maintenance
and dredging
of
sediment
s in drainage
an
d
Inspections
Monthly
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Monitoring
Indicators
Where to
monitor
How
monitor
Social
Closure
of
civil
works
Inform
personnel
that
employment
is short-term
prior to their
engagement.
Proper
engagement
of
servic
e
documentati
on
Project
communi
ty
Consultations
Employme
nt
Loss
of
employme
nt
Weekly
to
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
One-off
Contractors
Monitoring:
PIU
Costs
(USD)
93
Component Subcompone
nt
Health
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Operatio
n
of
rehabilit
a
ted
gully site
Blocked
drainag
e
structur
e
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Regular
maintenanc
e of
drainag
e structures
Monitoring
Indicators
Compliance
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Project
communi
ty
Visits
Breeding
site
for
disease
vectors
Possible
increase of
malaria
cases due
to stagnant
water
in
drainage
structures
Safety
and
Inspections
and
consultation
with
health
institutions
and
community
members
Increas
e in
number
of
vehicle
s using
roads
Increase in
respiratory
problems
amongst
local
residents
Regular
sampling
and
monitoring
Regular
monitorin
g
Project
communi
ty
Visits
Increase
in
number
of road
users
Increase in
vehicular
accidents
Use of road
safety
signage
Compliance
Project
communi
ty
Visits
Operatio
n
of
construc
t ed side
drains
Seepage
or
flow
back
action
Ensuring
Constructio
n design is
followed
judiciously
as these
would be put
into
Compliance
Projec
t site
Visits
Collapse
of road
sections
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Monitoring:
ESO,
, SMH
Cost
s
(USD
)
-
Monitoring:
ESO,
SMH
-
One-off
Monitoring:
ESO,
FRSC
-
One-off
Monitoring:
PIU
Nil
an
d Inspections
and tests
an
d Inspections
an
d Inspections
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Independen
t consultant,
PIU
92
and
consideration
93
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
drainag
e
canals
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
while
preparing
the design.
Monitoring
Indicators
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
n
Measure
s
Occupation
a l Health
and Safety
Tasks
implementatio
n
Injuries,
accident
s
, deaths
Implement
on- site
occupational
health
and
safety
management
plan; Routine
OHS training
and
education;
Conduct
routine
JHA/PHA;
Use
of
PPE;
Establish
electrical
safety
program;
Implement fall
protection
program; fleet
safety
Personnel
safety
Monitoring
Indicators
Independe
nt
Consultant
s,
Contractor
s
Complianc
e.
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Cost
s
(US
D)
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Cost
s
(USD
)
Project
communi
ty
Site
Inspection
s
Monthly
SMEnv
PIU
2,000
94
management
program;
95
Component Subcompone
nt
Activities
Potenti
al
Impact
Mitigatio
Monitoring
n
Indicators
Measure
s
Implement
HazCom;
Conduct
hazard
identification,
control
and
analysis;
Implement
fire
prevention
program; Use
material
safety data
sheet
s (MSDS);
Implement
hierarchy of
controls
procedure;
Conduct Cost
Benefit
Analysis(CBA
), Return on
Investment
(ROI)/payback
period analysis
Where to
monitor
How
to
monitor
Monitoring
Frequency
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Mitigation)
Institutional
Responsibil
ity
(Monitoring)
Cost
s
(USD
)
OPERATIONAL PHASE TOTAL: 5000
Total ESMP (Pre construction, construction and Operation& Maintenance ) USD 24,000
96
97
Table 16: Summary of ESMP budget for Implenentation and Monitoring
Responsibility for
implementation
and Monitoring
Item
Mitigation Cost
for ESMP
Cost
Estima
te in
Nigerian
Naira
(N)
7,320,000
Cost
Estimat
e in
Us
Dollars
(USD)
24,000
2,287,500
7500
10% of
Mitigation Cost
732,000
2400
10%of
Mitigation Cost
732,000
2400
5%of Mitigation Cost
366,000
1,200
5%of Mitigation Cost
366,000
1,200
11,437,50
0
183,000
37,500
11,986,50
0
39,300
Cost Breakdown
Contractor,
PIU, SMEnvr,
NISEPA,
FRSC
Training, and
Capacity Building
Management
of ESMP
Implementation
Monitoring,
Evaluation &
Audit
PIU,
SMEnvr,
NISEPA
PIU, SMEnvr,
NISEPA,,
FERMA,
SMW
Mitigations cost
SPIU
for
labor influx
and GBV
risks
Budget for
Grievance Redress
SPI
U
SUB- TOTAL
Contingency
2.5%of Mitigation
Cost for ESMP
TOTAL
600
Table 17: Capacity Building (Training) Needs
S/
N
1.
Capacity
Participants
Needs
Subject
Dry season
Farmers
Irrigated
farming.
Nea
r waterways
Agriculture
Resour
ce
Person
s
Extension
worker
fro
m
ministry
of
Agriculture,
Duration
($)
1,000.00
1 week
including
transport
accommo
d
on
a
Upper
Nige
r
Cost
per
n
honorariu
m
95
River
fo
Basi
n
Development
Authority
UNRBDA
2.
Farming
System
Other Farmers
Intercropping/
cultivation
reso
urce
person
1,000.00
Extension
mixed
r
w
1 week
Ditto
orker
fro
m ministry
of
Agriculture,
Upper Niger
96
River
Basi
n
Development
Authority
(c )
Commun
it
members
(youths)
y
Environmental
UNRBDA
Niger State/LGA
Sanitation
Ministry
Practices
Health/
Ditto
1 week
500.00
Two
of
Environment
Consultant
4.
Training
a
Malaria/HIV-
Consultant
Community
AIDS Awareness Ministry
members,
campaigns
of
or
Thrice
Health
during
contractors
project
staff etc.
construct
ion phase
(Day)
b.
LGA
Staff
Training
c.
SPIU
Operation
Staff
management
LG
Council Staff
Institutional
Consultant
Needs
Progressi
Strengthening
FPIU
Assessme
ve
d.
in
RAMP
FPIU
Consultants
Needs
1 week
Assessme
nt first
and
SPIU
nt first
Staff
5.
Construction
LG
and
Council Staff
Road
Maintenance
equipment
maintenanc
SPIU
training/acquisi
e of
Staff
tion
Manufacturer’s
Needs
2 weeks
Representative
Assessme
for
nt first
training
equipment.
6.
Total
7.3
Feeding for participants
5,000.
$7,500.00
Environmental and Socio-Economic Compliance Monitoring
The implementation of the various measures for the mitigation of the potential negative impacts of
the roads requires the input of a well-funded environmental monitoring programme. The scheme
would aim at the collection of information or data that would enable the assessment of the status
of the concerned environmental/socio-economic parameter, and to take prompt action, if need be,
towards forestalling the occurrence, or to reduce to the barest minimum, its negative impact or
97
regularity. Monitoring also enables a coordinated scheduling of activities between all project
stakeholders. These have been presented as collumnes in the ESMP table above.
98
CHAPTER EIGHT: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
8.1
Introduction
This grievance redress mechanism is anchored on the need to provide a forum locally to
receive, hear and resolve disputes arising from ESMP implementation in the best interest of all
parties to forestall the lengthy process of litigation, which could affect the progress of project.
Therefore, the setting of grievance redress committee early during ESMP implementation is
desirable.
Potential grievances and disputes that arise during the course of implementation of the ESMP and
resettlement and compensation programme may be related to, but not confined to the following issues:
a. Incomplete census as well as inadequate valuation of properties.
b. Errors related to identification and disputes on boundaries between affected individual(s)
and specifying their land parcels and associated development.
c. Disagreements on plot/asset valuation.
d. Divorces, successor and family issues resulting into ownership dispute or dispute share
between heirs or family.
e. Disputed ownership of a given Asset (two or more affected individual(s) having claim on
the same land.
f. Where affected individual(s) opt for a resettlement-based option, disagreement on the
resettlement package (the location of the resettlement site does not suit them).
8.2
Setting up a Grievance Redress Committee
Channel 1: GRC at the Site/community Level:
Information received from the field strongly supports that anchoring a GRM under the jurisdiction
of the district heads will be an effective and result oriented exercise. The underlying merit is that
the district heads leadership system has proven a cordial and notable channel for conflict
resolution in the project areas. The district head shall head this committee while membership of
the committee will consist of:






The District head or a person appointed by him from his council;
Secretary to the district head
The village/ward head;
The Woman leader in the community or her secretary
2 Representatives of PAPs in the project
2 members of the road maintenance committee
GRC at the SPIU Level:
It is recommended that the state project coordinator shall constitute a team within the SPIU to
receive, hear and address complaints arising from the project. The team will be headed by the
Social and Livelihood Officer. The SPC shall head this committee while membership of the
committee shall be as follow:






Social Safeguard Officer;
Communication officer/ Public relations officer;
Environmental officer
Monitoring and Evaluation officer, and
The project Engineer
A witnessing NGO
GRC at the State Steering Committee Level:
The committee at this level shall be headed by the Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture
while the SPC shall serve as the secretary of the committee.
99
Membership of the GRC at this level shall constitute as follows:






8.3
The Permanent Secretary;
Director Ministry of Land & Survey
Director Ministry of Agriculture;
Director Ministry of Environment
The State Project Coordinator of RAMP
A witnessing NGO
Informing Parties on Levels and Channels of Grievance Uptake
PAPs have been sufficiently informed during public consultation meetings held across the project
areas that there will be 3 levels at which aggrieved PAP or grievant can channel his/her
complaints for redress. Grievance redress shall be funded by the SPIU so that there shall be no
cost to the aggrieved/complainant for redress. These shall include: 1) the project site/community
level, 2) the State Project Implementation Unit level and 3) the State Project Steering Committee
level. PAPs have also been informed that it is their right to seek redress in the court of law as the
last resort, if they felt dissatisfied with the judgments obtained from the grievance redress
committees set up by this project.
8.4
Grievance Redress Procedure
The procedure for addressing potential grievance arising from this project shall involve the steps
described in the grievance log shown below:
100
Registration of grievance with the
Grievance Redress Committee
Treatment of grievance
Closure of grievance by
Committee
Yes
Is complainant satisfied with
Committee decision
Closure of grievance by
Committee
No
Resort to grievance
Grievance processing by
Committee
Response of the Committee
Yes
Closure of complaint
Is complainant satisfied
with decision
PCU or Court
Figure 5: Grievance Log showing steps for grievance redress
As shown in the grievance log, an aggrieved PAP will have the opportunity to lodge complaint with the
GRC at the residence or palace of the community district head. That will be the first channel of grievance
uptake. It is expected that the matter should be addressed and determined within 10 days from date of
receiving the complaint. If a PAP feels dissatisfied with the outcome of the closure of the matter by the
community GRC, he/she is encouraged to go to the higher channel for redress.
Steps for grievance redress shall involve:
i.
Registration
The secretary of the committee will receive grievance from the complainant, register and
acknowledge receipt of grievance to the grievant within 2 days. The registration will capture the
following data: name of the complainant, date of the grievance, category of the grievance,
persons involved, and impacts on complainant life, proofs and witnesses. A registration form will
have all these bits of information.
ii.
Treatment of Grievance
This involves the verification of grievance to determine among other things whether the matter has
relationship with the project activities, and whether the matter can be handled/resolved at the level
where it is presented. This will determine if the matter should be referred to the next level or not.
Part of the investigations may also be to assess the cost of lost or risk involved in the grievance.
iii.
Closing of the Grievance or the Processing of the matter
This involves options and approach taken to resolving the case. This may involve site visit for physical
101
inspection and determination of the claim, negotiation with the aggrieved PAP and feed back to
the parties involved.
iv.
Feed back
All responses to the complainant in a grievance redress process that moves beyond a unit level
must be communicated in writing and/or by verbal presentation to the complainant. This will
include a follow up on the corresponding authority where cases are referred, to ascertain the
status of reported cases. Feedback on outcome of each case should get to the complainant
through the secretary of committee or social contact/safeguard person as the case may be. It is
expected that reported complaints at each level will be resolved and determined within 10 days
from date of receipt of the complaint.
8.5
Financing of the Grievance Redress Mechanism and Cost of Remediation
The proponent shall be responsible for the funding of logistics for the GRC as well as the eventual
compensation or resettlement remediation that aggrieved party may be entitled to. The proponent
will also be responsible for the cost of the judicial process for cases that result to court for
adjudication. The anticipated cost of GRM is 5% of the project mitigation cost.
Table 18: mplementation plan for grievance mechanism
Steps
Process
Description
1
Receipt of complaint
2
Acknowledgement of
grievance
Screen and Establish
the Merit of the
Grievance
Document date of receipt,
name of complainant,
village, nature of complaint,
inform the SPIU
By letter, email, phone
3
Social safeguard
officer at SPIU
GRC including the
social safeguard
officer & the
aggrieved PAP or
his/her representative
PC-PIU and Social
safeguard Officer
14 days or at
a time
specified in
writing to the
aggrieved
PAP
10 days of
receiving
status report
No fixed
time
No fixed time
Where complaint is
justified, carry out
resettlement redress in line
with the entitlement
matrix/OP 4.12
5
Extra intervention for
a dissatisfied
scenario
Judicial adjudication
Review the redress steps
and conclusions, provide
intervention solution
Take complaint to court of
law
GRC logistics and training,
redress compensation, court
process
Funding of grievance
process
1-2 days
5-10 days
Implement and
monitor a redress
action
7
Responsible
Agency/Person
Secretary to GRC at
project level
Visit the site;
listen to the
complainant/community;
assess the merit
4
6
Completion
Time frame
1 day
PC-PIU
Complainant
The proponent
102
CHAPTER NINE: PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER
CONSULTATIONS
9.1 Introduction
Public consultation for this ESMP was built on the gains of continuum of enlightenment and
awareness campaigns carried out across the project areas by Niger RAMP. Prior to the
commissioning of this ESMP assignment, Niger RAMP-2 had embarked on series of consultations
and awareness campaigns, in conjunction with local government officials, to all villages around
the corridor of the RAMP-2 project roads and the environs with a view of propagating the
objectives and benefits of RAMP-2 to the communities and sensitizing the community leaders on
how to mobilize their people to ensure full participation in the implementation of the project.
Identification and consultation of the communities and PAPs were therefore relatively easy with
structures already laid by the project. In addition to the stakeholder consultations, In-depth
interviews were also conducted with residents of the communities living along the corridor of the
roads.
9.2
Strategy for Consultation Process
The following considerations guided the public consultations:
 Site visit of each of the proposed road route for upgrade/construction;
 Identification of the administrative leadership in the project areas, and visits to the
community leadership
 Identification of PAPs and notification of meeting in collaboration with community leaderships
 Public forum with stakeholders on the project matter
9.3
How Stakeholders were Categorized and Identified
This ESMP categorized stakeholders into primary and secondary categories. Primary
stakeholders are those that are directly affected by the adverse impacts of the proposed works
(PAPs) and those who are to benefit from use of the feeder roads to be constructed, example are
community members, farmers and transporters. On the other hand, secondary stakeholders are
those with some form of interest and influence on the project such as local NGOs and local and
state governments, State Ministry of Environment. However, No Local NGO or partners with the
project were identified during the field visit.
Consultations were held in two folds: Stakeholders converged at central venues for community
wide consultations and subsequently in smaller common groups. Meeting with common groups
such as vulnerable groups and women was helpful in determining the need, voice and concerns
that may not have been fully expressed during the general community consultations.
For example, the vulnerable group including women PAP and aged persons, want to be notified
and carried along in persons during RAP implementation. They do not want their entitlements to
be transferred through third parties. Concerns raised by Women groups consulted did not differ
from the general concerns of members of the communities.
Minutes of the meetings held in Kasuwa-Garba, Katarege, Kuta, Tuna and Genu can be
found in Appendix 13. However, below is a table showing the summary of the
consultations held in those project areas.
Item
Description
Date for community meetings
September 2017 and February 2018; Villages along the project
area corridor.
Location of meetings
Village halls of Kasuwa-Garba, Katarege, Kuta, Tuna and
Genu
103
Language of communication
Nupe, Hausa and English
Introduction
The village head and members of the community were
informed that this meeting is part of the on-going
consultations on the proposed rural road construction along
the various corridors which traverses their communities. At
this point, the project team has assessed the road width and
found that some assets along the right of way will be
displaced while others may require to shift back. This
prompted the identification of all the affected persons with a
view to seeking their cooperation and finding a way to assist
in mitigation of the impacts of our proposed action on their
livelihoods.
Perception of
stakeholder/PAPs
and agreements
Concerns and feedback
How concerns were addressed

Responses from across the communities showed that
the people are long aware of the proposed project and
are eagerly expecting the commencement.

On the potential environmental impacts, affected
assets and impact on their household economies, the
people showed willingness to cooperate in all areas
possible to ensure that the project is delivered to them.

The stakeholders were also informed that efforts have
been made through the project design to minimize the
impact by realigning some sections of the road

It was agreed that necessary compensations and
replacements will be carried out before civil works and
demolitions.

Across the venues, the various speakers/communities
want to know when the project will commence;

They want to know if the contractor will give them a
prior notification to enable them safely pack their
personal items

They want to know when the assistance measures
and compensation will be given; as well as how the
ESMP mitigations will be carried out.

In all the places, the communities expressed
happiness with the concept of road maintenance that
will embrace the local communities and provide jobs
and income to them

On commencement of civil works, the communities
were
104
informed that preparation work has reached an
advanced
105
stage and that work will commence around May and
June of 2018;

They were assured that there will be a prior
communication to them before commencement of the
work

They were also assured that implementation of the
ARAP will take place before displacement and civil
works while that for the ESMP will be sequencial with
the civil works

The assistance/compensation program will commence
as soon as all procedures have been satisfactorily
fulfilled in line with the requirement of the WB and the
Nigerian government;

Commitment
communities
Recommendation
from
The people were informed that the road construction
and rehabilitation under RAMP is going to be earth
road;
the The communities promised to be part of the project
implementation in the following ways:

Providing security for the contractor personnel and
equipment,

Ensuring compliance with the prohibition of disposal of
solid waste into the drain ways

Providing information at any point about the
community that may aid the consultants/contractors in
carrying out their works,
It is important that the project be implemented with full
cognizance of the obligations/contracts reached with the
affected communities.
9.4 Fundamentals of Stakeholder Engagement Approach for Implementation
Consultations
Meaningful consultations can contribute to improved design, implementation, and sustainability of
development interventions. The objectives of consultations include receiving input for improved
decision- making about the design and implementation arrangements of a development program
or project, to contribute to improved results and sustainability. In this context, consultations can
potentially give voice to the needs of different population groups, including vulnerable and
marginalized groups; improve risk management by identifying opportunities and risks from and to
a project; and increase transparency, public understanding, and stakeholder involvement in
development decision-making.
106
Consultations with key stakeholders, including project-affected people and civil society, are
mandatory in development projects so as to satisfy “best practices”. Consultation methods include
public hearings or meetings, focus group discussions, household surveys and interviews,
electronic consultations, and advisory/expert groups. In addition, consultations can include
informal structures at the local level, such as village councils and women’s groups. Good practice
approaches to consultation, including closing the feedback loop, need to be applied more
systematically.
Collaboration
Collaboration with stakeholders in decision-making processes and events can make decisions
more responsive to stakeholder needs and improve the sustainability of program and project
outcomes through increased ownership by stakeholders. Mechanisms for collaboration include
stakeholder/user membership in decision-making bodies, integrity pacts, participatory planning
and budgeting, and stakeholders’ juries.
Collecting, Recording, and Reporting on Inputs from Stakeholders
Stakeholder feedback can be collected periodically on various dimensions of public services
provided, such as effectiveness, inclusiveness, quality, delivery time, transaction costs, and
targeting, as well as on resource utilization or engagement processes. Tools include satisfaction
surveys, focus group discussions, hotlines, community scorecards, stakeholder report cards, or
SMS/online feedback.
Stakeholders-led Monitoring
Involving stakeholders in monitoring service delivery, revenues, budget execution, procurement,
contract awards, and reform policies can increase transparency, improve efficiency of service
delivery or budget execution, and reduce opportunities for corruption. Some mechanisms for
stakeholders-led monitoring include public expenditure tracking surveys, social audits, or
stakeholder report cards.
Additional entry points for stakeholder’s engagement in monitoring include collaboration with local
CBOs/NGOs, communities, local academia, or think-tanks in gathering results data and
conducting joint evaluations of project results after project completion (including in the preparation
of project Implementation Completion Reports).
Capacity Building for Stakeholder Engagement
Capacity building for stakeholders, CBOs, communities, government officials, and national
accountability institutions to engage and participate in service delivery, natural resource
management, public financial management, or CDD projects can also contribute to improved
project outcomes. Capacity-building components are therefore included in a number of World
Bank-supported operations. Capacity building for all relevant stakeholders is particularly
necessary and needs to be systematically integrated into WBG supported operations where SE
approaches are introduced for the first time at scale at the national, sectoral, program, or project
level. A focus on building government capacity is also important to ensure the sustainability of
engagement processes beyond the life of a project intervention.
107
APPENDIX 1: Checklist for Analysis of Environmental
and
Social Impacts Due to Labor Influx and Workers’ Camps
Category
Potentia
l
Impacts
Comments
Applicabili
ty
Yes/No
Probability
Timeframe
Severity
Low/Mediu Short/Mediu Low/Mediu
m/High
m/Long
m/High
Positive Impacts
Increased links with the
mainstream economy
Increased local skills
base
Business development
opportunities
Employment creation
Increased local labor
pool
Opening of new markets
for local products and
services
Increased accessibility
and availability of goods
and
services
Alternate
livelihood
opportunities
Improved wage and
income levels
Increased local
tax
revenue levels
Increased
individual,
household
an
d community
empowerment
Improved local
training and skills
development
opportunities
Opportunities to build
community
organizational
structures
Improved access
through development
of
road
systems
Improved information
and
108
communication
Improved housing, water
and sanitation
Improved access to and
expansion
of
infrastructure and public
services
Increased attention and
input by
government,
NGOs, etc.
109
Category
Potentia
l
Impacts
Comments
Applicabili
ty
Yes/No
Probability
Timeframe
Severity
Low/Mediu Short/Mediu Low/Mediu
m/High
m/Long
m/High
Increased political power
Adverse Impacts
Environmental
Logging
Deforestation
Exploitation and loss of
biodiversity
Land-use change
Land degradation
Depletion of
natural
resources
Erosion and loss of soil
productivity
Air, water, and soil
pollution
Disruption of waterways
Increased pressure on,
and possible disputes
over, land use and
common
property
natural
resources
Infrastructure, Services and Utilities
Increased use of existing
roads and transportation
systems
Increased pressure on
education and
health
services
Increased demand for
electricity, water
supplies
and sanitation
Increased pressure on
waste
management
systems
Unplanned
an
d uncontrolled
development
of squatter settlements
Increased demand on
communication networks
Increased demand for
housing
110
Increased
use
of
community, religious and
recreational facilities
Economics and Livelihood Strategies
Increased cost of living
(inflation)
111
Category
Potentia
l
Impacts
Comments
Applicabili
ty
Yes/No
Probability
Timeframe
Severity
Low/Mediu Short/Mediu Low/Mediu
m/High
m/Long
m/High
Reduced availability and
increased cost of land,
food, fuel and housing
Increased dependence
on broader
cashbased
economy to meet needs
Reduced reliance on
local
subsistence
productio
n systems
Competition for
economic
resources
Increased
economi
c
vulnerability
for
marginal
groups
(women, elderly,
disabled, minorities, etc.)
Boom–bust
cycle
s associated with initial
construction
and
eventual
closure
Health
Proliferation
of
communicable diseases
Insufficient number of
health centers, staff and
medical supplies
Inadequate public
hygiene
facilities
Pollution (air, water, dust,
noise, traffic)
Increased incidence of
accidents and fatalities
Changes in
nutrition
status
Social Dynamics
Increased poverty
Loss of local identity
112
Loss of knowledge,
skills and experience
related to traditional
livelihoo
d
activities
Upheaval in traditional
leadership,
behavior
, customs, values and
norms
Changes in
power
relationships,
including
undermining and
changing
113
Category
Potentia
l
Impacts
Comments
Applicabili
ty
Yes/No
Probability
Timeframe
Severity
Low/Mediu Short/Mediu Low/Mediu
m/High
m/Long
m/High
the
leadership
and traditional
authority
structures
Changing relationships
between
groups
(gender, age, socioeconomic
status, ethnicity)
Dilution
of
social
cohesion and cultural
disruption (separation of
households
and communities)
Increased incidence of
social ills, including
alcoholism, drug abuse,
prostitution, gambling
Creation
of
land
markets
leading
to
changes in traditional
land tenure
systems
Increased
tension,
disputes and conflicts
between locals and
migrants
concernin
g
natural
resource
s, employment
opportunities and
project
benefits
Welfare imbalances and
differential wage incomes
Possible
marginalization of
women,
ethnic
minorities and other
vulnerable groups
Increase in genderbased
violence
Increase in criminality
114
Increase in ethnic
tension
and violence
Decrease in law and
order
115
Appendix 1B: Terms of Reference
NIGER STATE RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (NGRAMP-2)
Terms of Reference
For
The review of Safeguards Instruments for the prioritized 403.5km of rural roads to be
constructed/rehabilitated under RAMP-2
PHASE II
INTRODUCTI
ON
1.1.
The Second Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP-2) supports the implementation of the
Federal Government of Nigeria’s Rural Travel and Transport Policy (RTTP) in the States of Adamawa,
Enugu, Niger, and Osun. The Project is implemented in each of the four States by the respective State
Project Implementation Unit (SPIU). In addition to the states’ counterpart funds, the Project is co- financed
by the World Bank and French Development Agency.
1.2.
The main objective of the Project is to improve transport conditions and bring sustained access to
the rural population, through rehabilitating and maintaining key rural transport infrastructure in a
sustainable manner in the selected Nigerian states.
1.3.
Niger State being one of the RAMP-2 participating States has already initiated, under a first phase
of RAMP-2, the rehabilitation/reconstruction of 176km of rural roads.
1.4.
Niger State had commissioned, under the Project, a Consultant, with satisfactory experience on
assignments similar in size and nature to that described in these Terms of Reference, to carry out the
detailed engineering design, preparation of Safeguards Instruments etc. of approximately 830km of rural
roads across the State, under a second phase, as described in these Terms of Reference.
2.0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CIVIL WORKS AND CONSULTING SERVICES
2.1 The initial terms of reference refer to the detailed Engineering Design, Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment among other things, for approximately 830km of rural roads in Niger State of
Nigeria. The Construction period is planned to be 18 months. The list of roads and their tentative
lengths are as follows;
S/No
Roa
d
ID
Name of Road
Local
Government
Area
Gurara/Tafa
Road Length
(Km)
Suleja/Gurar
a
10.61
1
R1-1
Sullu Junction - Daku Bridge Sabon
2
R1-2
Sullu Junction – Kabo
3
R1-3
Old Gawu - Tuna – Farindoki
Gurara
21.97
4
R2-1
Kutigi - Dasun - Tashan Hajiya
road
Lavun
55.32
5
R2-2
Doko - Gaba – Sheshi
Lavun
14.43
4.62
116
6
R2-3
Badeggi - Ebba – Kataeregi
Katcha
42.14
7
R2-7
Patibokungi - Jebo – Angasa
Lavun
12.02
8
R2-8
Wuyakantin - Etsu Tasha – Kpatagi
Edati
22.65
9
R3-2
Kuta - Kobwa - Kafa – Layi
Shiroro
25.84
10
R3-3
Pandogari – Bassa
Rafi/Shiroro
54.75
11
R3-5
Wushishi - Makusidi - Bida road
Wushishi
22.85
12
R4-3
Bangi - Kompanin Bobi
Mariga
88.70
13
R4-6
Fellegi – Shafini
Mashegu
12.17
14
R5-1
Luma – Shagunu
Total Length
Borgu
26.92
403.54
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2.2 The scope of civil works to be carried out includes rehabilitated/construction of rural roads on existing
alignments as well as realigned portions where required. The roads have mostly low volumes of traffic
(i.e. less than 250 AADT). The works generally include: site clearance; earthworks; provision of subbase; provision of lateritic base course (generally as surfacing); limited quantities of Double Bituminous
Surface Treatment (DBST); trapezoidal earth side drains; with turnouts/off-shoots; lined side drains;
single and multiple 900 mm concrete pipe culvert extensions and new culverts; reinforced concrete box
culverts; possibly reinforced concrete bridges on bored piles; and road signs and other road furniture.
The Works contract also includes traffic management, and strict social and environmental measures
which shall also be supervised.
3.0 TERMS OF REFRENCE FOR THE REVIEW OF SAFEGUARDS INSTRUMENTS
However, based on the above description of works, the Design Consultant has submitted the Safeguards
Instruments i.e. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP) and Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP).
The services required under this is to review and edit the three (3) safeguards documents to an acceptable
World Bank standard based on the information contained in the submitted reports.
3.1 OBJECTIVE
The main objective of the services is to review and edit the already submitted Safeguards instrument by the
Design Consultant Yaroson Partnership Ltd.
3.2 SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of work is to review the following safeguards instruments:
i.
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
ii.
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
iii.
Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP).
3.3 DELIVERABLES
Final reports on the three Safeguard Instruments
3.4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SPIU
In addition to the supervision and other responsibilities needed for the success of the assignment, the SPIU
shall provide the Safeguards Officer with the following documents:
 Project appraisal document
 Project implementation manual
 Environmental and social management framework (ESMF) for RAMP-2
 The existing ESMP prepared for Niger state RAMP
 All information collected in the past for the preparation of ESMP, as well as road designs.
3.5 COMPOSITION OF THE TEAM
The assignment is to be carried out by an experienced Safeguards Consultant. He/she should also have vast
knowledge and experience in World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguards Policies and expertise in
Environmental Assessment processes.
3.6 DURATION
The assignment should be carried out within a period of one week from the date of signing of contract
agreement.
118
3.7 PAYMENT SCHEDULE
The Consultant will be paid 100% upon submission of reports indicated in 3.3 above.
119
APPENDIX 2: PROPOSED DESIGN
Geometric Design Standards
For the design of road alignments, the Design Consultant was guided by the Draft Low Volume
Roads (LVRs) Manual, 2016, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, which
wasdeveloped to adequately cater for the specific needs of rural roads in Nigeria.
Using the Draft LVR Manual approach, the project roads are expected to fulfill an access function,
whereby most of the existing alignment is retained. Thus, the existing alignment dictates the travel
speed (and hence, the horizontal and vertical alignments) depending on the terrain and existing
roadside development. In cases where there are potential safety issues such as sharp crests and
blind curves, appropriate countermeasures will be applied/installed on a site specific basis.
For the road cross-section, the following elements have been adopted:
Width of Carriageway = 4.5m.
Width of Shoulder = 0.75m (each
side). Total width of roadway =
6.0m.
Roadway cross-fall (paved surface) =
3.5%. Roadway cross-fall (unpaved
surface) = 5.0%.
Side drain section = Trapezoidal/ Triangular (depending on soil properties of the location).
120
APPENDIX 3: SAMPLE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
The ESMP had provided detailed information on waste management including the amount and
type of waste to be generated, the sources and proffered mitigation measures, among other
measures to be considered include:

Sensitization amongst the labourers on the need for effective waste management
throughout the sub-project activity.
Sensitization and mobilization on the adverse consequences of poor waste management.

It is important that the Abia State Ministry of Environment and ASEPA ensure that
appropriate waste management control is employed.
To be practical and effective in handling of wastes, (Solid and liquid) the ESMP follows the
fundamental principles of waste management:








Identify and classify the type of waste generated. Proper procedures must be taken
regarding their storage, collection, transportation and disposal
Identify and demarcate disposal areas clearly indicating the specific materials that can
be deposited in each.
Dispose all wastes in authorized areas, metals, used oils, etc.
Identify and demarcate equipment maintenance areas (>15m from rivers, streams, lakes
or wetlands).
Identify, demarcate and enforce the use of within-site access routes to limit impact to farm.
Erect erosion control barriers around perimeter of cuts, disposal pits, and roadways.
Spray water on dirt roads and stockpiled soil to reduce wind-induced erosion and
particulates dispersal, as needed.
Establish and enforce daily site clean-up procedures, including maintenance of adequate
disposal facilities for construction debris.
The management of other kinds of waste that will be generated from the rehabilitation works is
highlighted below:
a. General Waste






There should be adequate number of garbage bins and containers made available at
strategic areas of the site. The use of plastic bin liners should be encouraged.
All organic and inorganic materials will be placed and/or disposed of so as not to directly or
indirectly impact any watercourse or groundwater. The placement and disposal of all such
products and materials will be done in an environmentally acceptable manner.
Solids, sludge and other pollutants generated as a result of construction or those removed
during the course of treatment or control of wastewaters will be disposed of in a manner
that prevents their direct or indirect re-entry into any watercourse or ground waters.
Any waste material that is inadvertently disposed of in or adjacent to watercourses will be
removed immediately in a manner that minimizes adverse impacts, and the original
drainage pattern should be restored.
Waste materials should be placed and stored in suitable containers. Storage areas and
containers will be maintained in a sanitary condition and shall be covered to prevent
spreading of wastes by water, wind or animals.
All food wastes should be collected and stored in containers at appropriate locations and
should be emptied at regular intervals and the collected waste should be transported to
Government designated waste management facilities.
121
b. Oil waste
 Ensure that all equipment maintenance activities, including oil changes, are conducted
within demarcated maintenance areas designated for such.
 Ensure that oil or other lubricants are never dumped on the ground, but only in designated areas.
e. Vegetative waste
 The land clearing of the vegetation will be performed in accordance with stipulated
standards in order to mitigate negative impact that maybe associated with the activity to
the environments.
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APPENDIX 4:
PHYSICAL
CULTURAL RESOURCE
PLAN
AND CHANCE FIND PROCEDURE
In the event of chance finds of items of cultural significance, all forms of excavation in and around
the site will be stopped. Subsequently, experienced archaeologist and anthropologist would be
recruited to carry out an investigation and proposed plans for the preservation of such cultural
artefacts.
During the project site induction meeting, all contractors will be made aware of the presence of an
on-site archaeologist who will monitor earthmoving and excavation activities.
The following procedure is to be executed in the event that archaeological material is discovered:

All construction activity in the vicinity of the find/feature/site will cease immediately.

Delineate the discovered find/ feature/ site will be delineated.

Record the find location, and all remains are to be left in place.

Secure the area to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects.

The on-site archaeologist will assess, record and photograph the find/feature/ site.

The on-site archaeologist will undertake the inspection process in accordance with all
project health and safety protocols under direction of the Health and Safety Officer.
In consultation with the statutory authorities the on-site and Project Archaeologist will determine
the appropriate course of action to take.
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APPENDIX 5: SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
IDENTIFICATION
Community:
Name of Interviewer
Date
Name of the Respondent:
Relationship to Household head
Age Sex
Nationality
Nativity
Length of stay within the community
Which of these is your highest level of academic qualification (i) FSLC
WASC/SSCE
(iii) OND/TCII
(iv) HND/BSc
(v) MSc/PGD
GENERAL
INFORMATION
Muslim ATR Others (specify)
Religious Group:
Christians
Family Pattern: Joint
Nuclear
Individual
Size of Family: Small (2-4) Medium (5-7) Large (Above7)
Household’s Main Occupation
and
Monthly
Secondary Source
and Monthly Income (N)
Adult earning members:
No. of dependents:
expenditure: (N)
(ii)
income
(N)
No. of
Family annual
PUBLIC UTILITIES
How would you describe the condition of the following amenities in town you live/community?
Amenities
Roads to the community
Roads within the community
Schools in the community
Public Health Institutions
Potable Water
Public Electricity
Communication facilities
(Postal Service, Telephone)
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
What is the major source of water available to your household?
(i) River
(ii) Borehole (commercial)
(iii) Borehole (private)
water (v)Pond (vi)Water Vendor (vii)Well water
(iv) Public
pipe-borne
What is your primary source of electricity
(i) Hurricane Lamp (ii) Private Generators (iii)Community Generators (iv)State Government
Utilities Board (v)Company Operating in your community (vi) PHCN (National Grid)
What is your secondary source of electricity?
(i)Hurricane Lamp (ii) Private Generators (iii)Community Generators (iv)Company Operating
in your community
What is the main fuel you use for cooking?
(i)Firewood (ii)Charcoal
(iii) Kerosene
(iv) Gas
(v)Electricity (vi)Crop residue/ Saw
dust (vii) Animal Wastes (viii)Others
HEALTH AND SANITATION
124
What type of toilet facility do you use?
(i) Pit
(ii) Bush (iii)Bucket (iv) Water Closet (v)Others (Specify)……
How do you dispose of your household refuse?
(i)Private Open Dump (ii) Public Open Dump (iii) Organized Collection (iv)Burning
Bush (vi)Burying
(v)
Which of the following diseases/condition is most common in your area
(i)Malaria (ii)Typhoid (iii)Diarrhoea (iv)Cough (v) Respiratory Disturbance (vi)Others
PROJECT PERCEPTION
Are you aware of the proposed Rehabilitation Project? Yes
No
If
Yes, Source of information
What is your opinion about the project? Good
Bad
Can’t say
If good, what positive impacts do you perceive?
If bad, what negative impacts do you perceive?
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APPENDIX
6:
GENERAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS FOR
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS
1. In addition to these general conditions, the Contractor shall comply with any specific
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the works he is responsible for. The
Contractor shall inform himself about such an ESMP, and prepare his work strategy and plan to
fully take into account relevant provisions of that ESMP. If the Contractor fails to implement the
approved ESMP after written instruction by the Supervising Engineer (SE) to fulfil his obligation
within the requested time, the Owner reserves the right to arrange through the SE for execution of
the missing action by a third party on account of the Contractor.
2. Notwithstanding the Contractor’s obligation under the above clause, the Contractor shall implement all
measures necessary to avoid undesirable adverse environmental and social impacts wherever
possible, restore work sites to acceptable standards, and abide by any environmental
performance requirements specified in an ESMP. In general, these measures shall include but not
be limited to:
a) Minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resulting from earth mixing sites,
asphalt mixing sites, dispersing coal ashes, vibrating equipment, temporary access roads, etc. to
ensure safety, health and the protection of workers and communities living in the vicinity of dust
producing activities.
b) Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles and noisy construction activities
(e.g. excavation, blasting) are kept at a minimum for the safety, health and protection of workers
within the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby communities.
c) Ensure that existing water flow regimes in rivers, streams and other natural or irrigation channels
is maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being carried out.
d) Prevent bitumen, oils, lubricants and waste water used or produced during the execution of works
from entering into rivers, streams, irrigation channels and other natural water bodies/reservoirs,
and also ensure that stagnant water in uncovered borrow pits is treated in the best way to avoid
creating possible breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
e) Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying, earth borrowing, piling and building of temporary
construction camps and access roads on the biophysical environment including protected areas
and arable lands; local communities and their settlements. In as much as possible
restore/rehabilitate all sites to acceptable standards.
f)
Upon discovery of ancient heritage, relics or anything that might or believed to be of
126
archaeological or historical importance during the execution of works, immediately report such
findings to the SE so that the appropriate authorities may be expeditiously contacted for fulfilment
of the measures aimed at protecting such historical or archaeological resources.
127
g) Discourage construction workers from engaging in the exploitation of natural resources such as
hunting, fishing, and collection of forest products or any other activity that might have a negative
impact on the social and economic welfare of the local communities.
h) Implement soil erosion control measures in order to avoid surface run off and prevents siltation, etc.
i)
Ensure that garbage, sanitation and drinking water facilities are provided in construction worker scamps.
j)
Ensure that, in as much as possible, local materials are used to avoid importation of foreign
material and long distance transportation.
k) Ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid accidents.
3. The Contractor shall indicate the period within which he/she shall maintain status on site after
completion of civil works to ensure that significant adverse impacts arising from such works have
been appropriately addressed.
4. The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed activity implementation schedule and the monitoring plan
/ strategy to ensure effective feedback of monitoring information to project management so that
impact management can be implemented properly, and if necessary, adapt to changing and
unforeseen conditions.
5. Besides the regular inspection of the sites by the Supervising Engineer for adherence to the
contract conditions and specifications, the Owner may appoint an Inspector to oversee the
compliance with these environmental conditions and any proposed mitigation measures. State
environmental authorities may carry out similar inspection duties. In all cases, as directed by the
SE, the Contractor shall comply with directives from such inspectors to implement measures
required to ensure the adequacy rehabilitation measures carried out on the bio-physical
environment and compensation for socio-economic disruption resulting from implementation of
any works.
6. All vessels (drums, containers, bags, etc.) containing oil/fuel/surfacing materials and other
hazardous chemicals shall be bonded in order to contain spillage. All waste containers, litter and
any other waste generated during the construction shall be collected and disposed off at
designated disposal sites in line with applicable government waste management regulations.
7. All drainage and effluent from storage areas, workshops and camp sites shall be captured and
treated before being discharged into the drainage system in line with applicable government water
pollution control regulations.
8. Used oil from maintenance shall be collected and disposed off appropriately at designated sites
or be reused or sold for re-use locally.
9. Entry of runoff to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversion channels or holding
structures such as banks, drains, dams, etc. to reduce the potential of soil erosion and water
pollution.
10. Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road, but removed and reused or
disposed of on a daily basis.
128
11. If disposal sites for clean spoil are necessary, they shall be located in areas, approved by the
SE, of low land use value and where they will not result in material being easily washed into
drainage channels. Whenever possible, spoil materials should be placed in low-lying areas and
should be compacted and planted with species indigenous to the locality.
12. The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses/permits from relevant authorities to operate
quarries or borrow areas.
13. The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to approval by relevant local and
national authorities, including traditional authorities if the land on which the quarry or borrow areas
fall in traditional land.
14. New extraction sites:
a) Shall not be located in the vicinity of settlement areas, cultural sites, wetlands or any other valued
ecosystem component, or on high or steep ground or in areas of high scenic value, and shall not
be located less than 1km from such areas.
b) Shall not be located adjacent to stream channels wherever possible to avoid siltation of river channels.
c) Where they are located near water sources, borrow pits and perimeter drains shall surround quarry sites.
d) Shall not be located in archaeological areas. Excavations in the vicinity of such areas shall
proceed with great care and shall be done in the presence of government authorities having a
mandate for their protection.
e) Shall not be located in forest reserves. However, where there are no other alternatives,
permission shall be obtained from the appropriate authorities and an environmental impact study
shall be conducted.
f)
Shall be easily rehabilitated. Areas with minimal vegetation cover such as flat and bare ground, or
areas covered with grass only or covered with shrubs less than 1.5m in height, are preferred.
g) Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimize vegetation clearing.
15. Vegetation clearing shall be restricted to the area required for safe operation of construction
work. Vegetation clearing shall not be done more than two months in advance of operations.
16. Stockpile areas shall be located in areas where trees can act as buffers to prevent dust
pollution. Perimeter drains shall be built around stockpile areas. Sediment and other pollutant
traps shall be located at drainage exits from workings.
17. The Contractor shall deposit any excess material in accordance with the principles of these
general conditions, and any applicable ESMP, in areas approved by local authorities and/or the
SE.
18. Areas for depositing hazardous materials such as contaminated liquid and solid materials
shall be approved by the SE and appropriate local and/or national authorities before the
commencement of work. Use of existing, approved sites shall be preferred over the establishment
of new sites.
19. To the extent practicable, the Contractor shall rehabilitate the site progressively so that the
129
rate of rehabilitation is similar to the rate of construction.
130
20. Always remove and retain topsoil for subsequent rehabilitation. Soils shall not be stripped
when they are wet as this can lead to soil compaction and loss of structure.
21. Topsoil shall not be stored in large heaps. Low mounds of no more than 1 to 2m high are
recommended.
22. Re-vegetate stockpiles to protect the soil from erosion, discourage weeds and maintain an
active population of beneficial soil microbes.
23. Locate stockpiles where they will not be disturbed by future construction activities.
24. To the extent practicable, reinstate natural drainage patterns where they have been altered or
impaired.
25. Remove toxic materials and dispose of them in designated sites. Backfill excavated areas with
soils or overburden that is free of foreign material that could pollute groundwater and soil.
26. Identify potentially toxic overburden and screen with suitable material to prevent mobilization
of toxins.
27. Ensure reshaped land is formed so as to be inherently stable, adequately drained and suitable
for the desired long-term land use, and allow natural regeneration of vegetation.
28. Minimize the long-term visual impact by creating landforms that are compatible with the
adjacent landscape.
29. Minimize erosion by wind and water both during and after the process of reinstatement.
30. Compacted surfaces shall be deep ripped to relieve compaction unless subsurface conditions
dictate otherwise.
31. Re-vegetate with plant species that will control erosion, provide vegetative diversity and,
through succession, contribute to a resilient ecosystem. The choice of plant species for
rehabilitation shall be done in consultation with local research institutions, forest department and
the local people.
Water Resources Management
32. The Contractor shall at all costs avoid conflicting with water demands of local communities.
33. Abstraction of both surface and underground water shall only be done with the consultation of
the local community and after obtaining a permit from the relevant Water Authority.
34. Abstraction of water from wetlands shall be avoided. Where necessary, authority has to be
obtained from relevant authorities.
35. Temporary damming of streams and rivers shall be done in such a way avoids disrupting
water supplies to communities downstream, and maintains the ecological balance of the river
system.
36. No construction water containing spoils or site effluent, especially cement and oil, shall be
allowed to flow into natural water drainage courses.
37. Wash water from washing out of equipment shall not be discharged into water courses or road drains.
38. Site spoils and temporary stockpiles shall be located away from the drainage system, and surface run
131
off shall be directed away from stockpiles to prevent erosion.
39. Location of access roads/detours shall be done in consultation with the local community
especially in important or sensitive environments. Access roads shall not traverse wetland areas.
40. Upon the completion of civil works, all access roads shall be ripped and rehabilitated.
41. Access roads shall be sprinkled with water at least five times a day in settled areas, and three
times in unsettled areas, to suppress dust emissions.
42. Blasting activities shall not take place less than 2km from settlement areas, cultural sites, or
wetlands without the permission of the SE.
43. Blasting activities shall be done during working hours, and local communities shall be
consulted on the proposed blasting times.
44. Noise levels reaching the communities from blasting activities shall not exceed 90 decibels.
45. Unusable materials and construction elements such as electro-mechanical equipment, pipes,
accessories and demolished structures will be disposed of in a manner approved by the SE. The
Contractor has to agree with the SE which elements are to be surrendered to the Client’s premises,
which will be recycled or reused, and which will be disposed of at approved landfill sites.
46. As far as possible, abandoned pipelines shall remain in place. Where for any reason no
alternative alignment for the new pipeline is possible, the old pipes shall be safely removed and
stored at a safe place to be agreed upon with the SE and the local authorities concerned.
47. AC-pipes as well as broken parts thereof have to be treated as hazardous material and
disposed of as specified above.
48. Unsuitable and demolished elements shall be dismantled to a size fitting on ordinary trucks for
transport.
49. In advance of the construction work, the Contractor shall mount an awareness and hygiene
campaign. Workers and local residents shall be sensitized on health risks particularly of AIDS.
50. Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities, diversions,
etc. shall be provided at appropriate points.
51. Construction vehicles shall not exceed maximum speed limit of 40km per hour.
52. Should the Contractor, deliberately or accidentally, damage private property, he shall repair
the property to the owner’s satisfaction and at his own cost. For each repair, the Contractor shall
obtain from the owner a certificate that the damage has been made good satisfactorily in order to
indemnify the Client from subsequent claims.
53. In cases where compensation for inconveniences, damage of crops etc. are claimed by the
owner, the Client has to be informed by the Contractor through the SE. This compensation is in
general settled under the responsibility of the Client before signing the Contract. In unforeseeable
cases, the respective administrative entities of the Client will take care of compensation.
132
54. Within 6 weeks of signing the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare an EHS-MP to ensure the
adequate management of the health, safety, environmental and social aspects of the works,
including implementation of the requirements of these general conditions and any specific
requirements of an EMP for the works.
The Contractor’s EHS-MP will serve two main purposes:
•
For the Contractor, for internal purposes, to ensure that all measures are in place for adequate
HSE management, and as an operational manual for his staff.
•
For the Client, supported where necessary by a SE, to ensure that the Contractor is fully prepared
for the adequate management of the HSE aspects of the project, and as a basis for monitoring of
the Contractor’s HSE performance.
55. The Contractor’s EHS-MP shall provide at least:
•
A description of procedures and methods for complying with these general environmental
management conditions, and any specific conditions specified in an EMP;
•
A description of specific mitigation measures that will be implemented in order to minimize
adverse impacts;
•
A description of all planned monitoring activities (e.g. sediment discharges from borrow areas)
and the reporting thereof; and
•
The internal organizational, management and reporting mechanisms put in place for such.
56. The Contractor’s EHS-MP will be reviewed and approved by the Client before start of the
works. This review should demonstrate if the Contractor’s EHS-MP covers all of the identified
impacts, and has defined appropriate measures to counteract any potential impacts.
57. The Contractor shall prepare bi-weekly progress reports to the SE on compliance with these
general conditions, the project EMP if any, and his own EHS-MP. An example format for a
Contractor HSE report is given below. It is expected that the Contractor’s reports will include
information on:
•
HSE management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from local or national authorities;
•
Problems encountered in relation to HSE aspects (incidents, including delays, cost
consequences, etc. as a result thereof);
•
Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor;
•
Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to HSE aspects; and
•
Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to HSE management during
site meetings.
58. It is advisable that reporting of significant HSE incidents be done “as soon as practicable”. Such
incident reporting shall therefore be done individually. Also, it is advisable that the Contractor
keeps his own records on health, safety and welfare of persons, and damage to property. It is
advisable to include
133
such records, as well as copies of incident reports, as appendices to the bi-weekly reports.
Example
134
formats for an incident notification and detailed report are given below. Details of HSE performance will
be reported to the Client through the SE’s reports to the Client
59. The Contractor shall provide sufficient training to his own personnel to ensure that they are all
aware of the relevant aspects of these general conditions, any project EMP, and his own EHSMP, and are hable to fulfill their expected roles and functions. Specific training should be provided
to those employees that have particular responsibilities associated with the implementation of the
EHS-MP.
General topics should be:
•
Occupational Health and Safety Basics
•
Occupational Health and Safety in water supply pipeline installation
•
Safety Practices in Borehole installation and Aquifer Abstraction
•
Electrical Safety Basics
•
Hazard Identification and Control
•
Hazard Communication Program
•
Accident Investigation
•
Asbestos Management
•
Safe work Procedures
•
Fall Protection
•
Noise Management Program
•
Workers Respiratory Program
•
Work place Violence Management
•
Fire Safety
•
Emergency Management; and
•
Social and cultural awareness
60. It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part of standard good
workmanship and state of the art as generally required under this Contract. The item “Compliance
with Environmental Management Conditions” in the Bill of Quantities covers these costs. No other
payments will be made to the Contractor for compliance with any request to avoid and/or mitigate
an avoidable HSE impact. Example Format: HSE Report
Contract:
Period of reporting:
HSE management actions/measures:
Summarize HSE management actions/measures taken during period of reporting, including
planning and management activities (e.g. risk and impact assessments), HSE training, specific
design and work measures taken, etc.
135
HSE incidents:
Report on any problems encountered in relation to HSE aspects, including its consequences
(delays, costs) and corrective measures taken. Include relevant incident reports.
HSE compliance:
Report on compliance with Contract HSE conditions, including any cases of non-compliance.
Changes:
Report on any changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in
relation to HSE aspects.
Concerns and observations:
Report on any observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to HSE
management during site meetings and visits.
Signature (Name, Title Date):
Contractor’s Representative
Example Format: HSE Incident
Notification Provide within 24 hrs to the
Supervising Engineer Originators
Reference No:
Date of Incident: Time:
Location of incident:
Name of Person(s) involved:
Employing Company:
Type of Incident:
Description of Incident:
Where, when, what, how, who, operation in progress at the time (only factual)
Immediate Action:
Immediate remedial action and actions taken to prevent reoccurrence or escalation
Signature (Name, Title, Date):
Contractor’s Representative
136
Appendix 7 : Sample Company Code of Conduct
PreventingGender Based Violence and Violence
Against Children
The company is committed to creating and maintaining an environment in which gender based
violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) have no place, and where they will not be
tolerated by any employee, associate, or representative of the company. Therefore, in order to
ensure that all those engaged in the project are aware of this commitment, and in order to
prevent, be aware of, and respond to any allegations of GBV and VAC, the company commits to
the following core principles and minimum standards of behavior that will apply to all company
employees, associates, and representatives including sub-contractors, without exception:
1. The company—and therefore all employees, associates, and representatives—commit to
treating women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless
of race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin,
property, disability, birth or other status. Acts of GBV and VAC are in violation of this
commitment.
2. Demeaning, threatening, harassing, abusive, culturally inappropriate, or sexually
provocative language and behavior are prohibited among all company employees,
associates, and its representatives.
3. Acts of GBV or VAC constitute gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions,
which may include penalties and/or termination of employment. All forms of GBV and VAC,
including grooming are unacceptable, regardless of whether they take place on the work
site, the work site surroundings, at worker’s camps or at worker’s homes.
4. In addition to company sanctions, legal prosecution of those who commit acts of GBV or
VAC will be pursued if appropriate.
5. Sexual contact or activity with children under 18—including through digital media—is
prohibited. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child is not a defense. Consent from the
child is also not a defense or excuse.
6. Sexual favors—for instance, making promises or favorable treatment dependent on sexual
acts— or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior are prohibited.
7. Unless there is full consent3 by all parties involved in the sexual act, sexual interactions between
the company’s employees (at any level) and members of the communities surrounding the work
3
Consent is defined as the informed choice underlying an individual’s free and voluntary intention, acceptance or agreement to do
something. No consent can be found when such acceptance or agreement is obtained through the use of threats, force or other
forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or misrepresentation. In accordance with the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child, the World Bank considers that consent cannot be given by children under the age of 18, even in the event that
national legislation of the country into which the Code of Conduct is introduced has a lower age. Mistaken belief regarding the
age of the child and consent from the child is not a defense.
137
place are prohibited. This includes relationships involving the withholding/promise of actual
provision of benefit (monetary or non-monetary) to community members in exchange for
sex— such sexual activity is considered “non-consensual” within the scope of this Code.
8. All employees, including volunteers and sub-contractors are highly encouraged to report
suspected or actual acts of GBV and/or VAC by a fellow worker, whether in the same
company or not. Reports must be made in accordance with GBV and VAC Allegation
Procedures.
9. Managers are required to report suspected or actual acts of GBV and/or VAC as they have
a responsibility to uphold company commitments and hold their direct reports responsible.
To ensure that the above principles are implemented effectively the company commits to ensuring that:
10. All managers sign the ‘Manager’s Code of Conduct’ detailing their responsibilities for
implementing the company’s commitments and enforcing the responsibilities in the ‘Individual
Code of Conduct’.
11. All employees sign the project’s ‘Individual Code of Conduct’ confirming their agreement not to
engage in activities resulting in GBV or VAC.
12. Displaying the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct prominently and in clear view at
workers’ camps, offices, and in in public areas of the work space. Examples of areas
include waiting, rest and lobby areas of sites, canteen areas, health clinics.
13. Ensure that posted and distributed copies of the Company and Individual Codes of
Conduct are translated into the appropriate language of use in the work site areas as well
as for any international staff in their native language.
14. An appropriate person is nominated as the company’s ‘Focal Point’ for addressing GBV and VAC
issues, including representing the company on the GBV and VAC Compliance Team
(GCCT) which is comprised of representatives from the client, contractor(s), the
supervision consultant, and local service provider(s).
15. Ensuring that an effective Action Plan is developed in consultation with the GCCT which
includes as a minimum:
a. GBV and VAC Allegation Procedure to report GBV and VAC issues through the
project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM);
b. Accountability Measures to protect confidentiality of all involved; and,
c. Response Protocol applicable to GBV and VAC survivors and perpetrators.
16. That the company effectively implements the Action Plan, providing feedback to the GCCT
for improvements and updates as appropriate.
17. All employees attend an induction training course prior to commencing work on site to
ensure they are familiar with the company’s commitments and the project’s GBV and VAC
Codes of Conduct.
18. All employees attend a mandatory training course once a month for the duration of the
contract starting from the first induction training prior to commencement of work to
reinforce the understanding of the project’s GBV and VAC Code of Conduct.
I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Company Code of Conduct, and on behalf
of the company agree to comply with the standards contained therein. I understand my role and
responsibilities to prevent and respond to GBV and VAC. I understand that any action inconsistent
with this Company Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Company Code of
Conduct may result in disciplinary action.
Company name:
Signature:
138
Printed Name:
Title:
Date:
139
APPENDIX 8: ATTENDANCE LIST/PEOPLE MET
140
141
142
143
144
NAMES OF INTERVIEWEES ACCORDING TO THEIR COMMUNITIES
S/N
O
1
NAME
S
Abdullahi Umar
COMMUNITIES
SHE
2
Haruna Usman
SHE
3
Hajia Ladidi Suleiman
SHE
4
Ibrahim Suleiman
SHE
5
Shaawanatu Rilwanu
PINA
6
Abdullahi Gambo
PINA
7
Abdullahi Zachari
TAWO
8
Mrs Yusuf
KUTA
9
Paulina Zaka
SULLU
10
Zainab Abdullahi
KABO
11
Rabiatu Garba
TUNA
12
Hauwa Garba
TUNA
13
ALH. Salihu Yunusa (Mai Angua) DIYE-FE
14
Felix Mark
ERENA
15
Huseni Mark
ERENA
16
Idris Yerima
ERENA
17
Florence Ibrahim
AJATA-ABOKI
18
Mariamu Juda
AJATA-ABOKI
19
Elisabeth Ketonko
AJATA-ABOKI
20
Umar Abdullahi
GURMANA
21
Ismail Mai Angua
GURMANA
22
Salami Chidi
BASSA
23
Abdullahi Bassa
BASSA
24
ALH. Bako
GUMA
25
Adama Mustapha
RUGO
26
Abida Salleh
RUGO
27
Aisha Rabiu
RUGO
28
Laure Mohammed
MADAKA
29
Amina Mohammed
KODO
30
Mohammed Kato
KODO
31
Fatu Sado
KODO
32
Alkali Makira
KODO
145
33
Adama Silas
JAKO
34
Joshua Amadu
JAKO
35
Mohammed Dakachi
SHABALEDBO
36
Yagiworo (Emir chuemkpa)
SHABALEDBO
37
Andrew Kolo
GABA
38
Gabriel Gana
GABA
39
Elin Deji
GABA
40
Ladidi Mohammadu
SHESHI
41
Fati Mohammed
SHESHI
42
Hassana Jiya
DOKO
43
Umaru Hussani
KUPASU
44
Mohammed Baba
ELONI
45
Mijindadi
LEMU
46
Mohammed Tatangi
LEMU
47
LEMU
48
Mohammadu Mohammed
(Dakaci)
Nasiru Adamu (counselor)
49
Bobo Mago
MAGO
50
Umaru Tanko Usman (Chief)
MATANE
51
Mummy Abbas
FELLEGI
52
Aisha
GENU
53
Saadatu
GENU
54
Aminatu
GENU
55
Ali Samiala
TUNGA HABU
56
Usman Garba
MASAHA
SHANSHANI
Key Informants Interviewed




Director Rural Infrastructure Development, Min. of Agriculture and Rural
Development
Engr. Umma Baba Tailor
Director planning
(NAMDA)
Mal. Musa Moh. Isa
Ministry of Environment:
Alh. Raji S. Adam (Ag. Director
Environment) Mr. Ayba Shekwonya (Deputy
Director Forestry)
Alh. Isa Mohammed (Deputy Director Climate Change)
13
6
APPENDIX 9: DETAILED RESULT OF SOIL SAMPLES TESTED
S/N
o
Name of Road
Lengt
h
Km
%
CLA
Y
%
SIL
T
%
SAN
D
Textu
al
Class
(USD
A)
L.G.A
Particle size
distribution
N%
P
(MG/
K G)
K
Meq/
100g
Pb
(Mg/K
g
)
Concentration of elements in the
soils
N
P
K
Pb
Kutgi-DasumTashan-Hajiya
Road
Kutgi-DasumTashan-Hajiya
Road
Kutgi-DasumTashan-Hajiya
Road
56.4
Lavun
9
34
57
S.L
0.082
6.13
0.10
11.8
3
Low
Low
V.Low
Low
56.4
Lavun
7
14
79
LS
0.050
8.05
0.06
0.22
Low
Low
V.Low
Low
56.4
Lavun
7
20
73
SL
0.117
11.55
0.14
1.53
Low
Medium
V.Low
Low
Kutgi-DasumTashan-Hajiya
Road
Sullu JunctionKabo
56.4
Lavun
7
20
73
SL
0.102
5.77
0.24
5.23
Low
Low
Low
10
Suleja/
Gurara
11
16
73
SL
0.102
7.70
0.17
0.00
Low
Low
V.Low
6.
Sullu JunctionKabo
10
Suleja/
Gurara
13
14
73
SL
0.094
1.75
0.16
0.18
Low
Low
V.Low
7.
Sullu JunctionKabo
10
Suleja/
Gurara
9
18
73
SL
0.037
4.55
0.18
0.53
Low
Low
V.Low
8.
Sullu JunctionKabo
10
Suleja/
Gurara
7
22
71
SL
0.060
1.40
0.38
0.55
Low
Low
moderate
9.
Sullu JunctionKabo
10
Suleja/
Gurara
7
20
73
SL
0.052
7.00
0.22
1.18
Low
Low
Low
10.
Sullu JunctionKabo
10
Suleja/
Gurara
7
16
75
SL
0.042
2.45
0.08
0.08
Low
Low
V.Low
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Genera
l The
Lead is
Low
Observation
along the
Road
Slightly
Sloppy
Land
sheet
Erosion with
shrubs
Yam and
Sorghum
farm
Gently
sloppy slight
shee
t erosion
Cereal
crop
Groundnut
yam
pepper
farm
livestock
presence
shrubs locust
and shew
buther
trees
Gently sloppy
Maize farm
137
11.
Daku Brigde- Sabo
Doki
3.7
Gurara/
Tafa
11
14
75
SL
0.037
4.38
0.08
0.93
Low
Low
V.Low
Slightly flat
shew buther
tree
138
S/N
o
Name of Road
Lengt
h
Km
L.G.A
Particle size
distribution
%
%
%
CLA SIL
SAN
Y
T
D
Textu
al
Class
(USD
A)
N%
P
(MG/
K G)
K
Meq/
100g
Pb
(Mg/K
g
)
Concentration of elements in the
soils
N
P
K
Pb
Observation
along the
Road
12.
Old Gawu-TunaFarindoki
22
Gurara
9
14
77
S.L
0.082
4.38
0.07
0.13
Low
Low
V.Low
Cashew,
Cassava
and
maize farm
13.
Old Gawu-TunaFarindoki
22
Gurara
7
14
79
LS
0.050
8.05
0.06
0.22
Low
Low
V.Low
14.
Old Gawu-TunaFarindoki
22
Gurara
9
34
57
S.L
0.082
6.13
0.10
11.6
0
Low
Low
V.Low
15.
Old Gawu-TunaFarindoki
22
Gurara
7
16
77
SL
0.042
2.45
0.08
0.08
Low
Low
V.Low
16.
Kuta-Kobwa-KafaLayi
26.7
Shiroro
7
18
75
SL
0.092
1.75
0.08
0.01
Low
Low
V.Low
Millet farm
17.
Pandogari-BassaGurmana-Erena
96
Rafi/Shi
roro
9
22
69
SL
0.068
1.58
0.09
0.46
Low
Low
V.Low
18.
Pandogari-BassaGurmana-Erena
Rafi/Shi
roro
9
18
71
SL
0.094
1.75
0.16
0.18
Low
Low
V.Low
19.
Pandogari-BassaGurmana-Erena
22
Rafi/Shi
roro
7
22
71
SL
0.060
1.40
0.38
0.55
Low
Low
Moderate
20.
Pandogari-BassaGurmana-Erena
22
Rafi/Shi
roro
7
20
73
SL
0.102
5.78
0.25
0.60
Low
Low
Low
Slightly
flat
Millet
and
yam
and
pepper farm
Locust and
shew buther
trees
21.
Pandogari-BassaGurmana-Erena
22
Rafi/Shi
roro
7
20
75
SL
0.091
1.63
0.40
0.53
Low
Low
Moderate
22.
Pandogari-BassaGurmana-Erena
22
Rafi/Shi
roro
7
26
67
SL
0.045
15.05
0.13
0.72
Low
Medium
V.Low
23.
Kagara-Madaka
Rafi
7
20
73
SL
0.052
7.00
0.22
1.18
Low
Low
Low
24.
Kagara-Madaka
33.1
8
33.1
8
Rafi
7
18
75
SL
0.092
1.73
0.09
0.01
Low
Low
V.Low
Flood plan
139
25.
Kagara-Madaka
33.1
8
Rafi
7
16
77
SL
0.067
1.40
0.10
0.19
Low
Low
V.Low
140
S/N
o
Name of Road
Lengt
h
Km
L.G.A
Particle size
distribution
%
%
%
CLA SIL
SAN
Y
T
D
Textu
al
Class
(USD
A)
N%
P
(MG/
K G)
K
Meq/
100g
Pb
(Mg/K
g
)
Concentration of elements in the
soils
N
P
K
Low
V.Low
Low
V.Low
26.
Kagara-Madaka
33.18
Rafi
11
32
57
SL
0.349
1.93
0.19
5.51
27.
Wushishi-MakusidiBida
28.44
Wushis
hi
7
8
85
LS
0.120
4.33
0.07
7.20
Mod
erat
e
Low
28.
Wushishi-MakusidiBida
28.44
Wushis
hi
7
8
85
LS
0.085
8.40
0.39
5.35
Low
Low
V.Low
29.
Wushishi-MakusidiBida
28.44
Wushis
hi
7
8
85
LS
0.057
3.33
0.07
8.44
Low
Low
Moderate
30.
Wushishi-MakusidiBida
28.44
Wushis
hi
7
6
87
LS
0.045
3.15
0.14
4.61
Low
Low
V.Low
31.
Wushishi-MakusidiBida
28.44
Wushis
hi
7
4
89
S
0.072
4.20
0.07
5.02
Low
Low
V.Low
32.
Doko-EmigugbagiJebo
14.4
Lavun
7
4
89
S
0.052
4.20
0.05
4.83
Low
Low
V.Low
33.
34.
Doko-Gaba-Sheshi
Doko-EmigugbagiJebo
14.4
4.8
Lavun
Lavun
7
7
8
4
85
89
LS
S
0.062
0.042
21.00
9.10
0.10
0.03
4.88
4.75
Low
Low
Low
Low
V.Low
V.Low
35.
Doko-EmigugbagiJebo
4.8
Lavun
7
4
89
S
0.050
3.50
0.04
4.54
Low
Low
V.Low
36.
Patibokungi-JeboAngasa
15.6
Lavun
7
8
85
LS
0.067
4.73
0.06
4.19
Low
Low
V.Low
37.
Patibokungi-JeboAngasa
15.6
Lavun
7
6
87
LS
0.047
3.43
0.05
4.09
Low
Low
V.Low
38.
Patibokungi-JeboAngasa
15.6
Lavun
7
4
89
S
0.059
5.60
0.07
3.99
Low
Low
V.Low
Pb
Observation
along the
Road
Cereal crops
and economic
trees
Surface
very sandy
slightly
sloppy
Shew
buther, and
locust trees
Slightly sloppy
cereals crops a
economic trees
Slightly sloppy
cereals
and
soya
bean
crop
Slighty
slopp
y crop-yam,
cereals and
Low all soya shew
buther
through
and locust
trees
141
S/N
o
Name of Road
Lengt
h
Km
L.G.A
Particle size
distribution
%
%
%
CLA SIL
SAN
Y
T
D
Textu
al
Class
(USD
A)
N%
P
(MG/
K G)
K
Meq/
100g
Pb
(Mg/K
g
)
Concentration of elements in the
soils
N
P
K
39.
Patibokungi-JeboAngasa
15.6
Lavun
7
18
75
SL
0.092
1.75
0.09
3.87
Low
Low
V.Low
40.
Patibokungi-JeboAngasa
15.6
Lavun
7
20
73
SL
0.049
5.75
0.09
4.52
Low
Low
V.Low
41.
Bida-Gaba-BusuElomi
16.9
Bida
7
4
89
S
0.032
6.65
0.12
4.78
Low
Low
V.Low
42.
Baddegi-EbbaKataeregi
47.5
Katcha
7
4
89
S
0.110
53.38
0.05
4.83
Low
High
V.Low
43.
Baddegi-EbbaKataeregi
47.5
Katcha
7
4
89
S
0.070
4.90
0.05
4.83
Low
Low
V.Low
44.
Baddegi-EbbaKataeregi
47.5
Katcha
9
4
87
LS
0.047
3.50
0.05
5.01
Low
Low
V.Low
45.
Baddegi-EbbaKataeregi
47.5
Katcha
7
6
87
LS
0.045
3.15
0.14
4.61
Low
Low
V.Low
46.
KataeregiGbangbaLemu
KataeregiGbangbaLemu
Gulu-EvutiLambata
32.41
Katcha/
Gbako
7
8
85
LS
0.85
8.40
0.39
5.35
Low
Low
moderate
32.41
Katcha/
Gbako
9
8
83
LS
0.92
24.85
0.14
4.95.
Low
High
V.Low
57
Lapai
7
20
73
SL
0.117
11.55
0.14
4.51
Low
Medium
V.Low
49.
Wuyakantin-Etsu
Tasha-Kpatagi
22.7
Edati
7
20
73
SL
0.102
5.78
0.25
5.41
Low
Low
Low
50.
Luma-Shagunu
26.25
Borgu
7
16
77
SL
0.070
18.03
0.23
4.65
Low
Medium
Low
47.
48.
Pb
Observation
along the
Road
Slightly sloppy
shew
buther
and
locust
trees cereal
Moderately
sloppy,
cereals, soya
and yam shew
buther
locust trees
and
shrubs
Flat land
cereal crops
shrubs
From
142
51.
Angwara-MagoShafaci
43.66
Agwarra
/Borgu
7
4
89
S
0.062
15.40
0.18
4.66
Low
Medium
V.Low
moderately
slightly sloppy
143
S/N
o
Name of Road
Lengt
h
Km
L.G.A
Textu
al
Class
(USD
A)
N%
Mashe
g
u
Mashe
g
u
Magam
a/Rijau
7
2
9
P
(MG/
K G)
K
Meq/
100g
Pb
(Mg/K
g
)
91
S
0.087
9.80
0.27
24
67
SL
0.115
8.40
7
2
91
S
0.047
Particle size
distribution
%
%
%
CLA SIL
SAN
Y
T
D
Concentration of elements in the
soils
N
P
K
4.28
Low
Low
Low
0.18
5.42
Low
Low
V.Low
5.25
0.03
4.67
Low
Low
V.Low
52.
Fellegi-Shafini
11.71
53.
Fellegi-Shafini
11.71
54.
Rijau-GenuMagaman
50.36
55.
Rijau-GenuMagaman
50.36
Magam
a/Rijau
9
24
67
SL
0.115
8.35
0.18
5.09
Low
Low
V.Low
56.
Kontogora-IbangaRafin
18.7
Kontog
ora
7
2
85
S
0.050
5.15
0.04
3.51
Low
Low
V.Low
57.
Kontogora-IbangaRafin
18.7
Kontog
ora
7
4
89
S
0.059
5.60
0.07
3.99
Low
Low
V.Low
58.
Kaboji-MataneMashegu
40.16
7
6
87
LS
0.062
5.25
0.08
5.03
Low
Low
V.Low
59.
Kaboji-MataneMashegu
40.16
7
6
89
LS
0.050
4.51
0.08
5.20
Low
Low
V.Low
60.
Kaboji-MataneMashegu
40.16
Mashe
g
u
Mashe
g
u
Mashe
g
u
7
8
85
LS
0.120
4.55
0.07
7.01
Low
Low
V.Low
Pb
Observation
along the
Road
land
cereal
crops,
soya,
yam
and
grandaunt
shew buther,
an
d
locust
bean
s trees
144
145
APPENDIX 10: DETAILED FLORAL SPECIES ALONG
THE ROAD ROUTES
Plants found between Kutigi to Dasun to Tashan Hajiya Road (Lavun Local Government)
S/N
1
T
a
x
a
Phyllanthus
Family
Euphorbiaceae
muellerianus
2
Parinari
Rosaceae
Commo
n
Name
Skin
Flower
problmes
-
Ginger bread Antihelminthi
Abundan
ce
L
Ra
o
r
w
e
L
-
Endanger
ed
-
-
-
-
E
PASTEUR
H
-
-
-
Yellow fever
-
-
R
-
Mosquito
H
-
-
-
chelminthic
d ra
3
Hig
h
Spiny Leavs
plum
polyan
Ethno
Botany/Uses
Butyrospermum Sapotaceae
shea butter
paradoxum
4
Swartzia
5
madagascariens
is
Lamiaceae
Hyptis
FABACEAE
Tea bush
suaveolens
6
Terminalia
Repellant
Combretaceae
Terminalia
mystic uses
-
-
R
-
Loganiaceae
Monkey Ball
Antidote to
-
-
R
-
-
-
R
-
-
-
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
macroptera
7
Strychn
os
Snake
spinos
u
8
s
Ximenia
Olacaceae
Wild olive
Acacia nilotica
Fabaceae
Haemorrage
Americana
9
14
Gum
Arabic
10
15
Blighia sapida
Sapindaceae akee Nut
11
17
Lophira alata
Ochnaceae
Red
Woun
Ironwood
d
Healin
g
(Root)
142
12
18
Securinega virosa Euphorbiac
e ae
Dogs knee
High
-
-
R
Blood
Pressur
e
143
13
19
Bambusa vulgaris Poaceae
Bamboo
HIV/AID
-
L
-
-
-
R
S
14
Securidaca
20
longipendunc
Polygalacea
e
Violet Tree
Cold
ul ata
Plants found between Pandogari - Bassa - Gurmana to Erena
(Rafi/Shiroro)
S/N
1
Tax
a
Gmelina arborea
Family
Commo
n
Name
Abundanc
e
Ethno
Botany/Uses
Hig
h
H
Lo
w
-
Rar
e
-
Endangere
d
-
-
-
-
E
Pasture
H
-
-
-
Mosquito
H
-
-
-
Verbenaceae GMELINA Paper
Production
2
Ximenia
Olacaceae
Wild Olive Heamorrage
Sapotaceae
Shear
Americana
3
Butyrospermum
paradoxum
4
Hyptis
suaveolens
Butter
Lamiaceae
Tea Bush
Repellant
Plants found between Old Gawu - to Gtuna to Farindoki (Gurara)
S/n
1
Tax
a
Goldenia
Commo
n
Name
Ethno
Botany/Uses
Boraginaceae
Coldenia
Colds
Bombaceae
Red Silk Diabetes
Family
Abundanc
e
Hig
h
H
Lo
w
-
Rar
e
-
Endanger
ed
-
-
-
R
-
Witlow
H
-
-
-
Mosquito
H
-
-
-
-
-
R
-
H
-
-
-
-
-
R
-
procumbens
2
Bombax
costatum
3
Mitragyna
cotton
Rubiaceae
innermis
4
Hyptis
Lamiaceae
Tea Bush
suaveolens
5
Piliostigm
Repellant
Fabaceae: C
a
Camel’s
Antidote to
Foot
Snake
thonningi
venom
i
6
Tithonia
Asteraceae
diversifolia
7
Calopogonium
mucunoides
Fabaceae: P
Mexican
Typhoid
Marigold
Fever
Over Corp Minimize
Erosion
144
8
Lannea acida
ANACARDIACE PLUMP
AE
-
-
R
-
145
9
10
11
Prosopis
FABACEAE: M
BIRCIA
Africana
TREE
Butyrospermum SAPOTACEAE
SHEA
paradoxum
BUTTER
Commiphora
FUEL
WOOD
-
L
-
-
PASTURE
H
-
-
-
Burseraceae
Arraroba
Panacea
-
-
R
-
Poaceae
Bamboo
HIV/AIDS
-
-
R
-
-
-
-
E
kerstingii
12
Bambusa
vulgaris
13
Blighhia sapida Sapindaceae
Akee nut
14
Ficus polita
Polish fig
Masticatory
-
-
R
-
15
Butyrospermum Sapotaceae
Shea
Pasture
H
-
-
-
paradoxum
butter
Saba
-
-
R
-
16
Saba florida
Moraceae
Apocynaceae
Yallow
tree
146
APPENDIX 11: DETAILED WATER SAMPLE RESULTS
SAMPLE 1: DAKU BRIDGE RIVER.
SAMPLE 2: DAKU BRIDGE RIVER.
DATE OF TEST: 19TH JUNE, 2017.
S/No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Appearance/Color
pale
Pap
Colorless
Odor/Taste
No
No
unobjectionable
offense offense
Turbidity
NTU
92.9
69.4
0.0 - 0.50
Turbid
H
P
6.8
6.7
6.50 – 8.5
Within
limit
Temperature
°Celcius
26.8
27.0
< 40
Conductivity at 25°C
µ�/cm
0.5
0.4
1000
Total suspended solids
Mg/l
0.15
0.10
0.0
Total dissolved solids
Mg/l
44.0
38.0
500
Total alkalinity
Mg/l
30.0
30.2
Total
hardness as
Mg/l
160.0
162.0
150
Above
CaCO3
limit
Iron Fe +2
Mg/l
0.1
0.1
0.3
Silica as SiO2
Mg/l
20.0
21.0
Nitrate as N
Mg/l
0.17
0.69
50
Sulphate as SO4
Mg/l
17.9
17.6
100
-2
Manganese Mn
Mg/l
0.36
0.33
0.2
Chloride as Cl
Mg/l
129.0
133.0
250
Copper Cu +2
Mg/l
0.03
0.03
1
Calcium (Ca)
Mg/l
0.42
0.49
Phosphorous (PO4)
Mg/l
6.9
6.5
Potassium K
Mg/l
2.31
2.29
BOD
Mg/l
5.97
5.44
COD
Mg/l
143.0
139.0
General bacteria count No./100ml
5.0
6.0
1.0
Above
on nutrient agar at 27°C
limit
Total Organic Carbon
Mg/l
6.3
6.5
5
Above
limit
Most probable number No./100ml
36.0
35.0
Nill
(MPN)
Caliform
Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial col. No./100ml
30.0
31.0
Nill
PARAMETER
UNIT
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
SAMPLE 1: WUSHISHI-BIDA ROAD DANKWAJI RIVER.
SAMPLE 2: WUSHISHI-BIDA ROAD DANKWAJI RIVER.
DATE OF TEST:
19TH JUNE,
147
2017.
S/No.
PARAMETER
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
4
5
6
7
Turbidity
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
UNIT
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
PH
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
Mg/l
solids
Total dissolved solids
Mg/l
Total alkalinity
Mg/l
Total hardness as
Mg/l
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Mg/l
Silica as SiO2
Mg/l
Nitrate as N
Mg/l
Sulphate as SO4
Mg/l
-2
Manganese Mn
Mg/l
Chloride as Cl
Mg/l
Copper Cu +2
Mg/l
Calcium (Ca)
Mg/l
Phosphorous (PO4)
Mg/l
Potassium K
Mg/l
BOD
Mg/l
COD
Mg/l
General
bacteria
count on nutrient No./100ml
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Mg/l
Most
probable
number
(MPN) No./100ml
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
No./100ml
col.
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
77.5
123.0
0.0 - 0.50
Turbid.
6.8
6.9
6.50 – 8.5
26.8
26.8
< 40
0.11
0.13
1000
0.02
0.10
0.0
91.0
31.0
98.0
31.0
500
-
156.0
155.0
150
0.1
20.0
0.49
17.8
0.31
115.0
0.03
0.78
6.9
1.73
4.2
120.0
0.1
21.0
0.51
18.1
0.34
113.0
0.03
0.73
12.4
1.75
2.79
121.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
5.0
9.0
1.0
6.9
7.1
5
33.0
35.0
Nill
30.0
30.0
Nill
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
SAMPLE 1: GULU LAMBATA ZABBO RIVER (CH. 11+000).
SAMPLE 2: GULU LAMBATA ZABBO RIVER (CH. 11+000).
DATE OF TEST:
19TH JUNE,
148
2017.
S/No.
PARAMETER
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
4
5
6
7
Turbidity
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
UNIT
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
PH
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
Mg/l
solids
Total dissolved solids
Mg/l
Total alkalinity
Mg/l
Total hardness as
Mg/l
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Mg/l
Silica as SiO2
Mg/l
Nitrate as N
Mg/l
Sulphate as SO4
Mg/l
-2
Manganese Mn
Mg/l
Chloride as Cl
Mg/l
Copper Cu +2
Mg/l
Calcium (Ca)
Mg/l
Phosphorous (PO4)
Mg/l
Potassium K
Mg/l
BOD
Mg/l
COD
Mg/l
General
bacteria
count on nutrient No./100ml
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Mg/l
Most
probable
number
(MPN) No./100ml
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
No./100ml
col.
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
122.0
120.0
0.0 - 0.50
7.1
7.2
6.50 – 8.5
26.7
26.9
< 40
0.4
0.3
1000
0.2
0.2
0.0
33.0
32.0
36.0
31.0
500
-
155.0
168.0
150
0.1
18.0
0.34
19.3
0.52
159.0
0.03
0.50
7.3
2.52
5.59
63.0
0.1
19.0
0.34
20.1
0.51
160.0
0.03
0.56
7.0
2.58
5.66
69.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
6.0
6.0
1.0
12.5
13.1
5
28.0
29.0
Nill
29.0
29.0
Nill
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
SAMPLE 1: FARIN DOKI RIVER (CH. 21+950).
149
SAMPLE 2: FARIN DOKI RIVER (CH. 21+950).
S/No.
PARAMETER
UNIT
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
4
5
6
7
Turbidity
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
PH
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
Mg/l
solids
Total dissolved solids
Mg/l
Total alkalinity
Mg/l
Total hardness as
Mg/l
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Mg/l
Silica as SiO2
Mg/l
Nitrate as N
Mg/l
Sulphate as SO4
Mg/l
-2
Manganese Mn
Mg/l
Chloride as Cl
Mg/l
Copper Cu +2
Mg/l
Calcium (Ca)
Mg/l
Phosphorous (PO4)
Mg/l
Potassium K
Mg/l
BOD
Mg/l
COD
Mg/l
General
bacteria
count on nutrient No./100ml
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Mg/l
Most
probable
number
(MPN) No./100ml
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
No./100ml
col.
DATE OF TEST: 19TH JUNE, 2017.
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
94.8
97.9
0.0 - 0.50
6.9
7.0
6.50 – 8.5
26.8
26.8
< 40
0.14
0.14
1000
0.17
0.08
0.0
107.0
11.0
109.0
12.0
500
-
160.0
162.0
150
0.1
17.0
0.31
18.0
0.42
162.0
0.03
0.39
7.1
1.99
4.21
82.0
0.1
18.0
0.38
18.8
0.46
160.0
0.03
0.41
7.6
2.01
4.20
89.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
6.0
3.0
1.0
6.5
6.7
5
11.2
11.6
Nill
14.0
15.0
Nill
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
150
SAMPLE 1: KUTA LAYI CIBWA RIVER (CH. 11+500).
SAMPLE 2: KUTA LAYI CIBWA RIVER (CH. 11+500).
DATE OF TEST:
19TH JUNE,
2017.
S/No.
PARAMETER
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
4
5
6
7
Turbidity
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
UNIT
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
PH
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
Mg/l
solids
Total dissolved solids
Mg/l
Total alkalinity
Mg/l
Total hardness as
Mg/l
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Mg/l
Silica as SiO2
Mg/l
Nitrate as N
Mg/l
Sulphate as SO4
Mg/l
-2
Manganese Mn
Mg/l
Chloride as Cl
Mg/l
Copper Cu +2
Mg/l
Calcium (Ca)
Mg/l
Phosphorous (PO4)
Mg/l
Potassium K
Mg/l
BOD
Mg/l
COD
Mg/l
General
bacteria
count on nutrient No./100ml
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Mg/l
Most
probable
number
(MPN) No./100ml
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
No./100ml
col.
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
57.5
49.9
0.0 - 0.50
7.3
7.2
6.50 – 8.5
26.8
26.7
< 40
0.12
0.10
1000
0.01
0.03
0.0
92.0
14.0
82.0
12.0
500
-
156.0
152.0
150
0.1
16.0
0.71
20.4
0.35
146.0
0.03
0.63
7.4
2.58
5.48
71.0
0.1
15.0
0.69
20.8
0.35
149.0
0.03
0.58
7.4
2.55
5.44
75.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
4.0
3.0
1.0
5.6
5.3
5
9.0
4.0
Nill
10.0
11.0
Nill
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
151
.
SAMPLE 1: KUTA LAYI CIBWA RIVER (CH. 1+000).
SAMPLE 2: KUTA LAYI CIBWA RIVER (CH. 1+000).
DATE OF TEST: 19TH JUNE,
2017.
S/No.
PARAMETER
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
4
5
6
7
Turbidity
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
PH
UNIT
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
Mg/l
solids
Total dissolved solids
Mg/l
Total alkalinity
Mg/l
Total hardness as
Mg/l
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Mg/l
Silica as SiO2
Mg/l
Nitrate as N
Mg/l
Sulphate as SO4
Mg/l
Manganese Mn -2
Mg/l
Chloride as Cl
Mg/l
+2
Copper Cu
Mg/l
Calcium (Ca)
Mg/l
Phosphorous (PO4)
Mg/l
Potassium K
Mg/l
BOD
Mg/l
COD
Mg/l
General
bacteria
count on nutrient No./100ml
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Mg/l
Most
probable
number
(MPN) No./100ml
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
No./100ml
col.
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
13.4
28.5
0.0 - 0.50
7.2
7.2
6.50 – 8.5
26.8
26.6
< 40
0.33
0.33
1000
0.14
0.25
0.0
240.0
12.0
240.0
12.0
500
-
152.0
153.0
150
0.13
17.0
0.54
20.3
0.52
1.83
0.03
0.28
4.9
1.71
0.89
103.0
0.13
18.0
0.57
20.0
0.48
1.96
0.03
0.33
7.3
2.05
2.35
101.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
4.0
6.0
1.0
3.7
4.0
5
11.0
12.0
Nill
12.0
12.0
Nill
152
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
SAMPLE 1: MAITUMBI-KUTA DUMGBESHI RIVER (CH. 14+300).
SAMPLE 2: MAITUMBI-KUTA DUMGBESHI RIVER (CH. 14+300).
DATE OF TEST:
19TH
JUNE, 2017.
S/No.
PARAMETER
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
Turbidity
4
5
6
7
PH
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
solids
Total dissolved solids
Total alkalinity
Total hardness as
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Silica as SiO2
Nitrate as N
Sulphate as SO4
Manganese Mn -2
Chloride as Cl
Copper Cu +2
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorous (PO4)
Potassium K
BOD
COD
General
bacteria
count on nutrient
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Most
probable
number
(MPN)
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
col.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
UNIT
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
Very
232.0
253.0
0.0 - 0.50
turbid.
7.4
7.4
6.50 – 8.5
26.8
26.8
< 40
0.10
0.09
1000
Mg/l
0.25
0.14
0.0
Mg/l
Mg/l
77.0
11.0
74.0
12.0
500
-
Mg/l
152.0
154.0
150
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
0.1
20.0
0.62
21.4
0.45
1.93
0.03
0.31
4.9
2.0
5.23
121.0
0.1
21.0
0.63
21.5
0.50
1.85
0.03
0.28
7.1
1.73
5.18
121.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
No./100ml
7.0
6.0
1.0
Mg/l
0.13
0.13
5
No./100ml
5.0
6.0
Nill
No./100ml
6.0
7.0
Nill
153
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
SAMPLE 1: SHAFINI STREAM WATER
SAMPLE 2: AGWARA NIGER RIVER
DATE OF TEST:
19TH JUNE,
2017.
S/No.
PARAMETER
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
Turbidity
4
5
6
7
PH
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
solids
Total dissolved solids
Total alkalinity
Total hardness as
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Silica as SiO2
Nitrate as N
Sulphate as SO4
Manganese Mn -2
Chloride as Cl
Copper Cu +2
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorous (PO4)
Potassium K
BOD
COD
General
bacteria
count on nutrient
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Most
probable
number
(MPN)
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
col.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
UNIT
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
Very
86.6
78.8
0.0 - 0.50
turbid.
7.2
7.2
6.50 – 8.5
26.7
26.8
< 40
0.24
0.26
1000
Mg/l
1.9
0.17
0.0
Mg/l
Mg/l
176.0
14.0
188.0
15.0
500
-
Mg/l
155.0
156.0
150
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
0.1
16.0
0.72
20.2
0.27
113.0
0.03
0.21
7.4
1.72
4.60
132.0
0.10
17.0
0.65
20.1
0.12
115.0
0.03
0.23
7.4
1.73
4.48
121.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
No./100ml
6.0
6.0
1.0
Mg/l
4.2
0.04
5
No./100ml
6.0
5.0
Nill
No./100ml
5.0
6.0
Nill
154
TEST ON WATER SAMPLES.
SAMPLE 1: LUMA SHAGUNU RIVER WATER
SAMPLE 2: GULBI BOKA BANGI RIVER
DATE OF TEST:
19TH
JUNE, 2017.
S/No.
PARAMETER
1
2
Appearance/Color
Odor/Taste
3
Turbidity
4
5
6
7
PH
Temperature
Conductivity at 25°C
Total
suspended
solids
Total dissolved solids
Total alkalinity
Total hardness as
CaCO3
Iron Fe +2
Silica as SiO2
Nitrate as N
Sulphate as SO4
Manganese Mn -2
Chloride as Cl
Copper Cu +2
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorous (PO4)
Potassium K
BOD
COD
General
bacteria
count on nutrient
agar at 27°C
Total Organic Carbon
Most
probable
number
(MPN)
Caliform Organism
MPN E. Coli/Faecial
col.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
UNIT
NTU
°Celcius
µ�/cm
RESULTS
WHO LIMITS REMARKS.
SAMPLE SAMPLE GUIDELINEMAX
1.
2.
PERM LIMIT
Pale
Pale
Colorless
Not
Not
unobjectionable
offensive offensive
Very
51.9
74.3
0.0 - 0.50
turbid.
7.2
7.1
6.50 – 8.5
26.7
26.8
< 40
0.25
0.26
1000
Mg/l
0.5
0.6
0.0
Mg/l
Mg/l
184.0
14.0
189.0
15.0
500
-
Mg/l
156.0
155.0
150
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/l
0.1
14.0
0.63
20.2
0.29
115.0
0.03
0.29
7.3
1.91
4.62
108.0
0.1
14.0
0.52
19.2
0.30
113.0
0.03
0.25
7.4
1.86
4.70
110.0
0.3
50
100
0.2
250
1
-
No./100ml
3.0
6.0
1.0
Mg/l
8.6
8.9
5
No./100ml
5.0
6.0
Nill
No./100ml
4.0
5.0
Nill
155
156
APPENDIX 12: EXCERPTS OF FEDERAL HIGHWAY
PROCEDURE (2013)
Excerpts from The Federal Ministry of Works’ Highway Design Manual Part 1
The Geometric Design Procedure Manual (2013) classifies roads into A, B, C, D for High, Moderate
High, Medium and Low volume access roads respectively. The proposed Niger RAMP roads fall within
class “D” (Low Class).
Phases of a Road High Way Project are:
 Identification phase
 Preparation phase
 Design phase
 Implementation phase
 Maintenance and operation phase
Preparation, Design and Implementation phases have linkages with Environmental and
Safeguards. Key notes on the sub-phases are as per below:
Preparation phase:
 Project prioritization
 Technical feasibility
 Environmental and social scoping
 Stage 1 Road Safety Audit (Feasibility)
 Economic and Financial feasibility
 Adjustment of scope and standard
Social
Design Phase
1. Draft/preliminary design
 Route determination
 Traffic study, topographical, geotechnical and materials survey
 Preliminary bridge location and concepts
 Environmental and social impact assessment
 Stage 2 Road Safety Audit
 Comparison of costs and budgets
2. Detail design of:
 Roads, pavements, materials, drainages, bridges,
 Environmental Management Plan (EMP), Social Impact Management Plan
(SIMP), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Sustainability design
3. Tender document and working drawings
Implementation Phase
 ESMP, SIMP and RAP Implementation
 Road construction/rehabilitation
The Highway procedure code in section 4.2.14 states that the compilation of a preliminary design
report is required, containing detailed contour survey plans showing the proposed design, a
summary and recommendation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report, summary
of the results of the stage 2 Road Safety Audit and a critical analysis of the route with clear
motivation of proposals, together with data on the standards which may be attained, as well as cost
estimates.
157
Appendix 13: Minutes of Meeting with Stakeholders
Date 14/09/2017
158
Date 14/09/2017
159
Date: 15/09/2017
160