Heat Emergencies Made By: محمد عبد المحسن عبد الستار المكاوى محمد عبده نجا عبده السعداني محمد عفيفي عبدالمعطي عبد المعطي محمد عالء الدين محمد شوقي عبدالرحمن محمد محمود محمد السيد مندور محمد مهند فتحي جرار محمد ناجي عبدالقادر عثمان محمد نزيه احمد شعالن إبراهيم محمود احمد الدسوقي الجمل محمود السعيد السعيد علي العبادي 190121360 210120535 200120544 210121009 210121204 210121194 210120862 210121000 210120552 210120554 Contents 01 Definition Of Heat Emergencies 02 Causes Of Heat Emergencies 03 Types Of Heat Emergencies 04 Symptoms Of Heat Emergencies 05 Management Of Heat Emergencies Heat Emergencies: 01 Definition Heat emergencies or illnesses are caused by exposure to extreme heat and sun. Heat illnesses can be prevented by being careful in hot, humid weather Heat injuries can occur due to high temperatures and humidity. You are more likely to feel the effects of heat sooner if: •You are not used to high temperatures or high humidity. Causes Of Heat 02 Emergencies •You are a child or an older adult. •You are already ill from another cause or have been injured. •You are obese. •You are also exercising. Even a person who is in good shape can suffer heat illness if warning signs are ignored The following make it harder for the body to regulate its temperature, and make a heat emergency more likely: •Drinking alcohol before or during exposure to heat or high humidity •Not drinking enough fluids when you're active on warmer or hot days Causes Of Heat 02 Emergencies •Heart disease •Certain medicines: Examples are beta-blockers, water pills or diuretics, some medicines used to treat depression, psychosis, or ADHD •Sweat gland problems •Wearing too much clothing Types Of 03 Heat Emergencies "Heat Illness" means a serious medical condition resulting from the body's inability to cope with a particular heat load, and includes: heat cramps heat exhaustion heat syncope heat stroke 03 Types Of Heat Emergencies HEAT CRAMPS Heat cramps are painful, involuntary muscle spasms that usually occur during heavy exercise in hot environments. The spasms may be more intense and more prolonged than are typical nighttime leg cramps. occur due to dehydration and loss of nutrients from excessive sweating. They are associated with heavy perspiration. Heat cramps are most common in the abdomen, back, arms, or legs. Heat cramps are the mildest form of heatrelated illness. Symptoms of heat cramps often include heavy sweating, fatigue, thirst and muscle cramps. 03 Types Of Heat Emergencies HEAT Exhaustion Heat exhaustion is the body's response to an excessive loss of water and salt, usually through excessive sweating. Heat exhaustion is most likely to affect: The elderly. People with high blood pressure. Those working in a hot environment. If heat exhaustion is treated promptly, the individual will be fully recovered within 24-48 hours. headache. feeling sick or being sick. excessive sweating and skin becoming pale and clammy or getting a heat rash, but a change in skin colour can be harder to see on brown and black skin. cramps in the arms, legs and stomach 03 Types Of Heat Emergencies HEAT SYNCOPE Heat syncope is a fainting (syncope) episode or dizziness that usually occurs when standing for too long or suddenly standing up after sitting or lying. Factors that may contribute to heat syncope include dehydration and lack of acclimatization. The affected person should rest and recover, because heat syncope can lead to heat stroke or heat exhaustion. Heat syncope can be caused by blood pooling in the legs if a person has been standing still for a long time in a hot environment. It can also be caused by vigorous physical activity for 2 or more hours before the fainting happens. 03 Types Of Heat Emergencies HEAT STROKE Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related illness. It occurs when the body can no longer control its temperature: the body's temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. When heat stroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 106°F or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. This can last for about a week. It's important to rest and let your body recover. Avoid hot weather and exercise. Heavy sweating. Cold, pale, and clammy skin. Fast, weak pulse. Nausea or vomiting. Muscle cramps. Tiredness or weakness. Muscle cramps are the first stage of heat illness. If heat exposure continues and these symptoms are not treated, they can lead to heat exhaustion and then heat stroke. 04 Heat stroke occurs when the body is no longer able to regulate its temperature, and it keeps rising. Heat stroke can cause shock, brain damage, organ failure, and even death. WHAT TO LOOK FOR: Symptoms & 04 Signs • • • • • • • • High body temperature (39.5°C or higher) Hot, red, dry, or damp skin. Fast, strong pulse. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Confusion. Losing consciousness (passing out) First Aid If you think a person may have heat illness or emergency: Management Of Heat 05 Emergencies 1.Have the person lie down in a cool place. Raise the person's feet about 12 inches (30 centimeters). 2.Apply cool, wet cloths (or cool water directly) to the person's skin and use a fan to lower body temperature. Place cold compresses on the person's neck, groin, and armpits. 3.If alert, give the person a beverage to sip (such as a sports drink), or make a salted drink by adding a teaspoon (6 grams) of salt per quart (1 liter) of water. Give a half cup (120 milliliters) every 15 minutes. Cool water will do if salt beverages are not available. Management Of Heat 05 Emergencies 4.For muscle cramps, give beverages as noted above and massage affected muscles gently, but firmly, until they relax. 5.If the person shows signs of shock (bluish lips and fingernails and decreased alertness), starts having seizures, or loses consciousness, call 911 or the local emergency number and give first aid as needed. Management Of Heat 05 Emergencies Follow these precautions: •DO NOT give the person medicines that are used to treat fever (such as aspirin or acetaminophen). They will not help, and they may be harmful. Management Of Heat 05 Emergencies •DO NOT give the person salt tablets. •DO NOT give the person liquids that contain alcohol or caffeine. They will make it harder for the body to control its internal temperature. •DO NOT use alcohol rubs on the person's skin. •DO NOT give the person anything by mouth (not even salted drinks) if the person is vomiting or unconscious Prevention The first step in preventing heat illnesses is thinking ahead. •Find out what the temperature will be for the whole day when you will be outdoors. Management Of Heat 05 Emergencies •Think about how you have dealt with heat in the past. •Make sure you will have plenty of fluids to drink. •Find out if there is shade available where you are going. •Learn the early signs of heat illness. •Wear loose-fitting, lightweight and light-colored clothing in hot weather. Management Of Heat 05 Emergencies •Drink plenty of fluids every day. Drink more fluids before, during, and after physical activity. •NEVER leave a child sitting in a car exposed to the hot sun, even after opening windows. References Leon LR, Bouchama A. Heat stroke. Compr Physiol. 2015 Apr;5(2):611-47. Gaudio FG, Grissom CK. Cooling Methods in Heat Stroke. J Emerg Med. 2016 Apr;50(4):607-16. Wexler RK. Evaluation and treatment of heat-related illnesses. Am Fam Physician. 2002 Jun 01;65(11):2307-14
