Bellringer • https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/start_new/642f19b264cffe001d3af3c f?createdByMe=true&searchLocale= International Treaties Objective: to be able to differentiate Montreal, Kyoto and Stocholm international treaties and their amendments And how they affect(ed) the US environmental law Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol Paris Agreement Kigali amendment Stockholm Convention CITIES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5YvjG4lTpQ Kyoto Protocol • the Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets. • Failure • In 2001, the U.S. formally rejected the Kyoto Protocol • looking back on Kyoto's track record that is a very good thing: • Ultimately, 36 developed countries were legally bound to its GHG targets and 17 – nearly half – of them failed to meet their GHG targets. Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol -US is out!! -US is in since 1973 Proposed to make legally committed industrialized Kyoto Protocol countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases Bans ozone depleting substances(ODS) like Montreal Protocol CFC(chlorofluorocarbons) and halons Paris Agreement Kigali amendment limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C scale up efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation -US ratified it on Sep 2022 -start to Phase out HCFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) Stockholm Convention (May 2001) is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). was the first truly global cooperation on environmental issues. The convention witnessed the participation of 114 countries. The agenda was to create a better international jurisprudence for environmental law CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora -US signed on 1973 -designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild -Sparked the creation of the ESA (Endangered Species Act) Paris Agreement • The Paris Agreement sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It also aims to strengthen countries' ability to deal with the impacts of climate change and support them in their efforts. • The main goal is to scale up their efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation Just Listen!!! US Paris Agreement situation: • Obama Administration: In April 2016, the United States became a signatory to the Paris Agreement, and accepted it by executive order in September 2016. President Obama committed the United States to contributing US$3 billion to the Green Climate Fund. The Fund has set itself a goal of raising $100 billion a year by 2020. • Trump Administration: On June 1, 2017, United States President Donald Trump announced that the U.S. would cease all participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation, contending that the agreement would "undermine" the U.S. economy, and put the U.S. "at a permanent disadvantage." • On November 4, 2020, the United States officially left the Paris Agreement. • Biden Administration: President Biden signed an executive order to rejoin the Paris Agreement on January 20, 2021, his first day in office; the US rejoined on February 19, 2021. Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol -US is out!! -US is in since 1973 Proposed to make legally committed industrialized Kyoto Protocol countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases Bans ozone depleting substances(ODS) like Montreal Protocol CFC(chlorofluorocarbons) and halons Paris Agreement Kigali amendment -US updated its status to: “its complicated” -limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C -scale up efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation -US ratified it on Sep 2022 -start to Phase out HCFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) Stockholm Convention (May 2001) is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). was the first truly global cooperation on environmental issues. The convention witnessed the participation of 114 countries. The agenda was to create a better international jurisprudence for environmental law CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora -US signed on 1973 -designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild -Sparked the creation of the ESA (Endangered Species Act) The Montreal Protocol • finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) • The United States ratified the Montreal Protocol in 1988 and has joined four subsequent amendments. • The United States has been a leader within the Protocol throughout its existence, and has taken strong domestic action to phase out the production and consumption of ODS such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.. Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol -US is out!! -US is in since 1988 Proposed to make legally committed industrialized Kyoto Protocol countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases Bans ozone depleting substances(ODS) like Montreal Protocol CFC(chlorofluorocarbons) and halons Paris Agreement Kigali amendment -US updated its status to: “its complicated” -limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C -scale up efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation -US ratified it on Sep 2022 -start to Phase out HCFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) Stockholm Convention (May 2001) is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). was the first truly global cooperation on environmental issues. The convention witnessed the participation of 114 countries. The agenda was to create a better international jurisprudence for environmental law CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora -US signed on 1973 -designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild -Sparked the creation of the ESA (Endangered Species Act) The Kigali Amendment • calls for a gradual reduction in the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (“HFCs”), which are potent greenhouse gases. Its global implementation should avoid as much as half a degree Celsius of warming by the end of the century. • On September 2022 The Senate voted to ratify a global climate treaty that will phase down the use and production of hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, chemicals widely used in air conditioning and refrigeration Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol -US is out!! -US is in since 1988 Proposed to make legally committed industrialized Kyoto Protocol countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases Bans ozone depleting substances(ODS) like Montreal Protocol CFC(chlorofluorocarbons) and halons Paris Agreement Kigali amendment -US updated its status to: “its complicated” -limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C -scale up efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation -US ratified it on Sep 2022 -start to Phase out HCFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) that is a greenhouse gas not a ODS Stockholm Convention (May 2001) is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). was the first truly global cooperation on environmental issues. The convention witnessed the participation of 114 countries. The agenda was to create a better international jurisprudence for environmental law CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora -US signed on 1973 -designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild -Sparked the creation of the ESA (Endangered Species Act) The Stockholm Convention • is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The Convention entered into force on May 17, 2004. • The United States signed the Stockholm Convention in 2001, but has yet to ratify because we currently lack the authority to implement all of its provisions. The United States participates as an observer in the meetings of the parties and in technical working groups. • The Stockholm declaration was the first truly global cooperation on environmental issues. The convention witnessed the participation of 114 countries. The agenda was to create a better international jurisprudence for environmental law Sidenote: how many countries are in the world? • The number depends on definitions but So far the UN full-members are 193 + 2 observers + Taiwan & Kosovo = 197 Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol -US is out!! -US is in since 1988 Proposed to make legally committed industrialized Kyoto Protocol countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases Bans ozone depleting substances(ODS) like Montreal Protocol CFC(chlorofluorocarbons) and halons Paris Agreement Kigali amendment limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C scale up efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation -signed on 2016 -US ratified it on Sep 2022 -start to Phase out HCFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) Stockholm Convention (May 2001) is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). was the first truly global cooperation on environmental issues. The convention witnessed the participation of 114 countries. The agenda was to create a better international jurisprudence for environmental law CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora -US signed on 1973 -designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild -Sparked the creation of the ESA (Endangered Species Act) CITIES • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. CITES is an international agreement, signed by 184 parties in 1973, designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild. By•2020 All member states the United Nations are party Species to the treaty, Act) with thewas exception In response theof ESA(Endangered created of: -Democratic People's Republic of Korea, -Federated States of Micronesia, -Haiti, -Kiribati, -Marshall Islands, -Nauru, -South Sudan, -East Timor, -Turkmenistan, -Tuvalu. Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol -US is out!! -US is in since 1988 Proposed to make legally committed industrialized Kyoto Protocol countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases Bans ozone depleting substances(ODS) like Montreal Protocol CFC(chlorofluorocarbons) and halons Paris Agreement Kigali amendment -US updated its status to: “its complicated” -limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C -scale up efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change; uphold and promote regional and international cooperation -signed on 2016 -US ratified it on Sep 2022 -start to Phase out HCFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) Stockholm Convention (May 2001) is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). was the first truly global cooperation on environmental issues. The convention witnessed the participation of 114 countries. The agenda was to create a better international jurisprudence for environmental law CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora -US signed on 1973 -designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild -Sparked the creation of the ESA (Endangered Species Act) Bellringer 1)Why the Kyoto protocol failed? 2)What was it about? 3) What was the Paris Agreement about? 4)What was the main goal of the Montreal Protocol? 5)What did the Kigali amendment changed to the Montreal protocol? 6) what is the pollution difference between HFCs and CFCs? 7) What does CFCs mean? Not all “green” is good • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3roITeXVWuE Going green in law??? • Yet. California turned heads in August when its lawmakers pushed and passed legislation to ban the sale of gas-powered vehicles state-wide by 2035. In Wyoming, similar legislation was recently proposed, but on the opposite side of the aisle. Going green takes time • Initial costs can be high • Going green takes effort and dedication High cost of products • Often, choosing green products over conventional ones will result in more money being spent. This translates straight back to the consumer as the prices of products or services supplied by the organization are increased. You may need to find new vendors Although a company may make an effort to go green, it does not mean that their vendors or suppliers follow these ideals as well. For this reason, organizations will need to research potential new partners that fit into their green values and this can take time and effort. Customer backlash • Even though customers will, on the whole, be happier that a company has decided on the green route, it is imperative that no false claims are made regarding their green efforts or their products, both intentionally or unintentionally. This is known as “greenwashing” and can lead to a major backlash if found to be untrue. Popquiz(google up if needed) • 1)What is CFCs? • 2)What is Greenwashing? • 3)What is the difference between organic and green? Sustainable Farming describes agricultural methods and techniques aimed at minimizing the depletion of natural resources in the ground. • Sustainable farming practices are aimed at preserving higher levels of organic matter, reducing erosion, and keeping more carbon in the soil. • These practices improve the resilience and long-term health of the soil, ultimately leading to higher yields. • Some common sustainable farming practices include: Implementing reduced tillage or no till practices Planting cover crops to minimize soil erosion Planting green – plant a cash crop into an unterminated cover crop, reducing use of herbicides Maximizing fertilizer efficiency through either spring application or split application of nitrogen, and implementing either subsurface banded or injected application • Avoiding use of anhydrous, favoring more stable nitrogen sources • Implementing buffer zones such as grass waterways, riparian zones, or filter strips to reduce runoffs of sediments, nutrients, and pesticides • • • • Organic Farming (video dissection) • Watch the video and answer: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFsPqGudHgI&ab_channel=esco ffierschool What are the guidelines for organic farming for? What is the goal of sustainability in farming? Lets Discuss after this video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpkKW45cHaA&ab_channel=Fu seSchool-GlobalEducation My experience with Organic certification • The truth about organic certified - Based on “disclosed” formulation requires payment Organic not same as healthy Natural/artificial sources are included Not all hope is lost!!! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxKfpt70rLI
