Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 1 # AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
fvm©b : gvP©, 2022 wLª.
‡U÷-82
wm‡jevm
Aa¨vq Pvi : AvšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ekMZ Bmy¨ I K~UbxwZ (cwi‡ek I
Rjevqyi cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv, WMO, IMO, WWF, IUCN,
wMÖb wcP, UNEP, World Watch, Green Belt
Movement, Water Aid, IPCC, Green Watch &
GEF, UNFCCC, COP, Green Cross
International, V- 20 cwi‡ek I Rjevqy m‡¤§jb, wK‡qv‡Uv
‡cÖv‡UvKj, UNCLOS, AvšÍR©vwZK b`x AvBb, c¨vwim Pzw³)
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 2 # AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
Aa¨vq Pvi : AšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ekMZ Bmy¨ I K~UbxwZ
AvšÍR©vwZK Rjevqy Bmy¨ I K~UbxwZ
 B‡KvjwR kãwU 1869 mv‡j cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib— Rvg©vb cwi‡ek weÁvbx Av‡b©÷
†nB‡Kj|
 'B‡KvjwR' n‡jv— wMÖK kã| RxeweÁv‡bi †h kvLvq ‡Kvb A‡ji •Re I A‣Re
cwi‡e‡ki ga¨Kvi cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq †mwUB— B‡KvjwR ev
ev¯‘we`¨v|
 cwi‡e‡ki ARxe Dcv`vb‡K e‡j— Abiotic Substances.
 mvaviYZ †Kvb A‡ji 30-40 eQ‡ii Mo AvenvIqvi Ae¯’v‡K H GjvKvi Rjevqy e‡j|
 ÔwMÖb nvDRÕ kãwU 1896 mv‡j e¨envi K‡ib— myBwWk weÁvbx †mvfb‡U Avi‡nwbqvm|
 wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi cÖfv‡e evqygЇji DòZv e„w× cvIqv‡K ejv nq Ô‣ewòK DòZvÕ ev
Ô‡Møvevj Iqvwg©sÕ| AvK©wU‡K eid M‡j hvIqvi KviY— •ewk^K DòZv|
 †giæ cÖ‡`‡k I‡Rvb¯Í‡ii dvUj j¶¨ K‡ib— †Rvbv_b kvKwjb (1980 mv‡j)|
 meyR wecø‡ei m„wó K‡ib— big¨vb ‡evij¨vM| wZwb kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf
K‡ib— 1970 mv‡j|

wMÖb nvDR B‡d± ej‡Z Zvc AvU‡K c‡o mvwe©K ZvcgvÎv e„wׇK †evSvq| wMÖb nvDR
cwi‡ek
M¨vmmg~n n‡jv- Kve©b-WvB A·vBW (
-49%), wg‡_b
-18%), bvBUªvm
I
A·vBW (
), I‡Rvb ( ), ‡K¬v‡iv-‡d¬v‡iv-Kve©b (CFC), nvB‡Wªv‡d¬v‡ivKve©b
Rjevqyi
(HFC)|
cÖv_wgK
Av‡jvPbv  AZ¨waK VvÛv †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ kxZcÖavb †`‡k Kv‡Pi N‡ii wfZi meyR Dw™¢‡`i Pvlvev`
Kiv nq|
 wMÖb nvDR B‡d‡±i Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki wb¤œf~wg wbgw¾Z n‡e| Gi d‡j mgy‡`ªi D”PZv
†e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i|
 wMÖb nvDR B‡d‡±i cÖwZwµqvq evsjv‡`‡k DËvc A‡bK †e‡o hv‡e|
 RxeRM‡Zi me‡P‡q ÿwZKviK iwk¥ Mvgv iwk¥| Kve©b Ki Pvjy K‡i‡Q— A‡÷ªwjqv|
 cwi‡ek `~lY exgv Pvjy K‡i‡Q— Pxb|
 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ûgwKi e¨vcKZv Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ mgy‡`ªi Mfx‡i gwš¿mfvi •eVK
K‡i‡Q— gvjØxc|
 cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv m„wói j‡ÿ¨ wngvj‡qi ce©Zgvjvq gwš¿cwil‡`i wgwUs K‡i
wek¦‡K bvwo‡q w`‡qwQj— ‡bcvj| Fridays For Future Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv K‡i—
myBwWk wK‡kvix ‡MÖUv _vbevM©|
 RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j e¨vcKfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡”Q— cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek|
 Rxevk¥ R¦vjvwb `n‡bi d‡j evqygÛ‡j Kve©b WvB A·vBW M¨v‡mi cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk
e„w× cv‡”Q| evqygЇji Kve©b-WvB A·vB‡Wi cwigvY 25 kZvs‡ki †ewk n‡j †Kvb cÖvYx
evuP‡Z cv‡i bv| hvbevn‡bi Kv‡jv †auvqv evZv‡m Kve©b-WvB-A·vB‡Wi cwigvY e„w×
K‡i|
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 3 # AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
 I‡Rvb¯Í‡i dvU‡ji/Aeÿ‡qi Rb¨ gyL¨Z `vqx- †K¬v‡iv-‡d¬v‡iv-Kve©b| GwU wbM©Z nq
†iwdªRv‡iUi, cøvw÷K KviLvbv I Gqvi KwÛkbvi †_‡K| Gi evwYwR¨K bvg Ô‡d«qbÕ|
wmGdwm evqygÛ‡ji ÷ªv‡Uvwùqv‡ii ÿwZmvab K‡i| 1973 mv‡j wmGdwm evqygЇji
I‡Rvb¯Íi aŸs‡mi KviY wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq| †K¬v‡iv-‡d¬v‡iv-Kve©b Avwe®‥vi K‡ib—
Professor T Midgley|
 Avgv‡`i †`‡k ebvq‡bi f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KviY MvQcvjv Aw·‡Rb Z¨vM K‡i
cwi‡ek‡K wbg©j iv‡L I RxeRMZ‡K evuPvq| ‡Kvb †`‡ki fvimvg¨ iÿvi Rb¨— 25
fvM ebf~wg _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
 cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYx gviv hvq|
 ‡c‡Uªvj †cvov‡j mvjdvi-WvB-A·vBW
M¨vm evZv‡m fv‡m|
 cwjw_b e¨vM wbwl× Kivi eo KviY— cwi‡ek `~lY nªvm| SMOG n‡”Q— `~wlZ
evZvm|
 gvwU c„w_exi wekvj cÖvK…wZK †kvabvMvi| XvKv kn‡i wec¾bK avZe `~lY— mxmv|
cwi‡ek welqK Uvg©m
wMÖb dvÛ
‡Møvevj wR‡iv
wMÖb mvwU©wd‡KU
wMÖb cvwU©
wMÖb ‡Kwg÷
wMÖb ‡eë gyf‡g›U
cwi‡ek `y‡h©vM ‡gvKvwejv‡Z MwVZ Znwej|
25 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Ôwek¦‡K cigvYy A¯¿ Aegy³KiY Kg©m~wP
Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW nªv‡mi j‡¶¨ ‡Wbgv‡K© cÖewZ©Z nq|
wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi Ôf¨vjyR cvwU©Õ‡K c„w_exi cÖ_g wMÖb cvwU© ejv nq
cwi‡ek mnvqK ivmvqwbK c`v_© hv‡Z cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZ Kg nq|
‡Kwbqvi ‡bv‡ej weRqx Iqv‡½wi gv‡_B Gi ebvqb Kg©m~wP| cwiPvjbvKvix
ms¯’v— UNEP|
cwi‡ek `~lYKvix 8wU †`k|
E-8
The Keeling Curve cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ RwoZ ‡iLvwPÎ|
wMÖb
 meyR Rjevqy Znwej n‡jv UNFCCC Gi Rjevqyi cwieZ©b ‡gvKv‡ejvq Awf‡hvRb
I cÖkgb Abykxj‡b Dbœqbkxj ‡`k¸‡jv‡K mnvqZv Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖwZwôZ GKwU
K¬vB‡gU
Znwej|
dvÛ
 D‡Ïk¨ : wk‡ívbœZ ‡`kmg~‡ni wbKU ‡_‡K Znwej msMÖn K‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y
¶wZMÖ¯’ ‡`k¸‡jv‡K ¶wZc~iY cÖ`vb|
 2009 mv‡j ‡Wbgv‡K©i ivRavbx ‡Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b AbywôZ cÂ`k RvwZmsN Rjevqy
cwieZ©b m‡¤§jb (COP-15) G meyR Znwej MV‡bi A½xKvi Kiv nq| (GbGmAvB-mnKvix
cwiPvjK- 2015)

2010 mv‡j ‡gw·‡Kvi KvbKyb kn‡i COP-16 m‡¤§j‡b Green Climate Fund
MwVZ nq| 2020 mvj bvMv` 100 wewjqb Wjv‡ii cÖ¯Íve i‡q‡Q|
cwi‡ek welqK wewfbœ cyi¯‥vi I cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
wgm Av_©
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
cwi‡ek m‡PZbZv e…w×i j‡¶¨ wdwjcvB‡bi cwi‡ekev`x msMVb ÒK¨vivDR¨vj
‡cÖvWvKkb KZ©…K Av‡qvwRZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv|
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 4 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
P¨vw¤úqb Ad
`¨v Av_©
2004 mv‡j RvwZmsN cwi‡ek ms¯’v KZ©…K GB cyi¯‥vi cÖewZ©Z nq|
cyi¯‥viwU 2005 mvj n‡Z ‡`qv Avi¤¢ nq|
‡gvU 6wU K¨vUvMwi‡Z GB cyi¯‥vi ‡`qv nq|
cÖavbgš¿x ‡kL nvwmbv Ôcwjwm wjWvikxc K¨vUvMwi‡ZÕ GB cyi¯‥vi ‡c‡q‡Qb|
‡Mvìg¨vb Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj
 GwU‡K Ôcwi‡e‡ki ‡bv‡ejÕ ejv nq
cÖvBR
 GwU cÖeZ©b Kiv nq 1990 mv‡j
cwi‡ek
welqK 2006-2016 mgm¨v m¼yj A‡j ‡UKmB Dbœqb I cybM©Vb `kK
AvšÍR©vwZK `kK
2010-2020 Liv I giæKi‡Yi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vj‡bi `kK
2011-2020 Rxe ‣ewPΨ `kK




cwi‡ek welqK wewfbœ msMVb
c~Y©iƒc
m`i `ßi
: World Meteorological Organization.
: †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ|
AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i : 15 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1873 wLª÷v‡ã|
cÖwZôvKvjxb bvg : IMO. 30 gvP©, 1950 Gi bvgKiY Kiv nq— WMO|
Ab¨vb¨
: 20 wW‡m¤^i, 1951 wLª÷v‡ã GwU RvwZms‡Ni we‡kl ms¯’vi gh©v`v cvq|
KvR
: RvwZms‡Ni AvenvIqv welqK we‡klvwqZ ms¯’v|
wek^ ch©Ub c~Y©iƒc
: United Nations World Tourism Organization.
ms¯’v
m`i `ßi
: gvw`ª`, †¯úb| cÖwZwôZ nq— 1925 wLª÷v‡ã|
(UNWTO) Ab¨vb¨
: ms¯’vwU RvwZms‡Ni we‡kl ms¯’vi gh©v`v jvf K‡i— 11 gvP©, 2004 wLª÷v‡ã|
: evsjv‡`k ms¯’vwUi m`m¨c` jvf K‡i 1975 wLª÷v‡ã|
c~Y©iƒc
: International Maritime Organization.
IMO
m`i `ßi
: jÛb, hy³ivR¨| cÖwZwôZ nq— 17 gvP©, 1948 wLª÷v‡ã|
Ab¨vb¨
: GwU †b․PjvPj wel‡qi Dci `vwqZ¡cÖvß cÖ_g msMVb| KvR— ‡b․ PjvPj msµvšÍ|
c~Y©iƒc
: International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
IUCN
m`i `ßi
: MøvÛ, myBRvij¨vÛ| cÖwZwôZ nq— 5 A‡±vei, 1948 wLª÷v‡ã|
Ab¨vb¨
: GwU g~jZ Rxe‣ewPΨ msiÿYev`x ms¯’v| KvR— cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` msiÿY Kiv|
c~Y©iƒc
: World Wide Fund for nature. (cwi‡ek msiÿY welqK ms¯’v)
WWF
m`i `ßi
: MøvÛ, myBRvij¨vÛ| cÖwZôv— 29 GwcÖj, 1961 wLª÷v‡ã|
wMÖb wcP
m`i `ßi
: Avg÷viWvg, †b`vij¨vÛm| cÖwZwôZ nq— 1971 wLª÷v‡ã| [37Zg wewmGm]
Green peace
Ab¨vb¨
: GwU g~jZ AvšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ekev`x ms¯’v|
c~Y©iƒc
UNEP
: United Nations Environment Program.
m`i `ßi
: ‡Kwbqvi bvB‡ivwe‡Z| MwVZ nq— 5 Ryb, 1972 mv‡j|
m`i `ßi
World
: IqvwksUb wWwm| cÖwZwôZ nq— 1974 mv‡j|
cÖwZôv‡bi KvR : wek¦e¨vcx cwi‡ek m‡PZbZv evov‡Z KvR K‡i hv‡”Q GB cwi‡ekev`x MÖyc|
Watch
Green Belt cÖwZwôZ nq
: 1977 mv‡j cwi‡ek Dbœqb welqK ‡emiKvwi ms¯’v Green Belt Movement.
Movement Ab¨vb¨
: Gi cÖwZôvZv Iqv‡½wi gv_vB 2004 mv‡j kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib|
WMO
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 5 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
cÖwZwôZ nq
KvR
c~Y©iƒc
m`i `ßi
MwVZ nq
Ab¨vb¨
: 21 RyjvB, 1981 wLª÷v‡ã| m`i `ßi— weª‡Ub|
: weª‡UbwfwËK GB ms¯’vwU weï× cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb wb‡q KvR K‡i|
: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
: ‡R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ|
: 1988 mv‡j| UNEP I WMO Gi ‡h․_ D‡`¨v‡M MwVZ nq|
: ms¯’vwU ‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi cvq- 2007 mv‡j| Gi m`m¨ msL¨v 195wU|
: GwU Rjevqy cwieZ©b welqK m‡ev©”P ms¯’v|
: GwU RvwZms‡Ni ÔweÁvbm¤§Z bodyÕ hv ÔRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SyuwK
g~j¨vq‡bÕ KvR K‡i|
Green
1991 mvj †_‡K cwi‡ek m‡PZbZv Ges Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ KvR K‡i hv‡”Q Green
Watch & Watch bvgK GKwU Rvg©vwbi cwi‡ekev`x msMVb|
GEF
GQvovI GKB mgq †_‡K cwi‡ek msµvšÍ AvšÍR©vwZK myweav m¤úªmvi‡Yi j‡¶¨ KvR K‡i
hv‡”Q— Global Environment Facility (GEF)|
UNFCCC c~Y©iƒc
: Untied Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change.
aiY
: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q RvwZms‡Ni GKwU Ôiƒc‡iLvÕ|
¯^vÿwiZ nq : 1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡ji wiI wW ‡R‡bwiI‡Z AbywôZ 1g awiÎx m‡¤§j‡b|
Kvh©Ki nq
: 1994 mv‡j|
evsjv‡`k
: ¯^v¶i K‡i— 9 Ryb, 1992 mv‡j|
Aby‡gv`b
: 15 GwcÖj, 1994 mv‡j|
Ab¨vb¨
: `ywU Pyw³ M„nxZ nq- K) wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj (1997) Ges L) c¨vwim
Pyw³- 2015|
c~Y©iƒc
COP
: Conference of the Parties.
‡gvU cÿ
: 196 wU| Z‡e ¯^vÿi K‡i‡Q— 168 wU ivóª|
COP m‡¤§j‡b AskMÖnY K‡i : UNFCCC fz³ †`kmg~n|
COP Gi cÖ_g m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq : evwj©b, Rvg©vwb (28 gvP©-07 GwcÖj, 1995 wLª÷vã)|
Green Cross cÖwZôvZv
: wgLvBj Me©v‡Pf|
International cÖwZwôZ nq
: 1993 mv‡j|
c~Y©iƒc
: Vulnerable-20| cÖwZwôZ nq— 8 A‡±vei, 2015 wLª÷v‡ã|
V-20
D‡Ïk¨
: Rjevqy SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq Znwej MVb, ‡mB A‡_©i h_vh_ e¨envi
wbwðZKiY Ges cvi¯úvwiK mn‡hvwMZvi A½xKvi|
Fund For
cÖwZôv
: 1982 mv‡j|
Wild Nature m`i `ßi
: ‡cvU©j¨vÛ, hy³ivóª|
Water
Aid
IPCC
cwi‡ek welqK wewfbœ m‡¤§jb
÷K‡nvg
m‡¤§jb
 wek¦ cwi‡ek wel‡q cÖ_g m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq— 1968 mv‡j|
 G m‡¤§j‡b 5B Ryb‡K Ôwek¦ cwi‡ek w`emÕ ‡NvlYv/cvj‡bi wm×všÍ nq|
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 6 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
 cwi‡ek i¶vi Rb¨ mg_©b cÖ`k©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZ eQi 22 GwcÖj awiÎx w`em (Earth
Day) cvwjZ nq| 1970 mv‡ji GB w`‡b gvwK©b wm‡bUi ‡MjW© ‡bjmb awiÎx
w`e‡mi cÖPjb K‡ib|
 2009 mv‡j RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡` cÖwZ eQi 22 GwcÖj‡K International
Mother Earth Day wn‡m‡e cvj‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq|
cÖ_g awiÎx  1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡ji wiI wW ‡R‡bwiI‡Z cwi‡ek I Dbœqb welqK RvwZmsN m‡¤§jb
m‡¤§jb
AbywôZ nq|
 172wU ‡`‡ki ‡gvU 2400 Rb cÖwZwbwa GB m‡¤§j‡b Ask ‡bq|
 800 c„ôvi G‡RÛv-21 (Agenda-21) bvgK Kvh©µg M„nxZ nq|
 m‡¤§j‡bi ÔwiI ‡NvlYvqÕ (Rio Declaration) 27wU bxwZgvjv AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q| G
m‡¤§j‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q RvwZms‡Ni iƒc‡iLv ÔUNFCCCÕ ¯^v¶wiZ nq|
awiÎx
 1997 mv‡ji 23-27 Ryb hy³iv‡óªi wbDBq‡K© AbywôZ nq|
m‡¤§jb
 m‡¤§j‡b 1g awiÎx m‡¤§j‡bi mKj Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ Ges 61wU
+5
‡`‡ki miKvi cÖavb KZ©…K The Program for the Further Implementation
of Agenda-21 M„nxZ nq|
‡nM m‡¤§jb  2000 mv‡j ‡b`vij¨vÛ‡mi ‡nM kn‡i cwi‡ek welqK ‡nM m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq|
2q awiÎx
 26 AvM÷-4 ‡m‡Þ¤^i, 2002 `w¶Y AvwdªKvi ‡Rvnv‡bmev‡M© (wiI+10) AbywôZ nq|
m‡¤§jb
 Ôwek¦ ‡UKmB Dbœqb m‡¤§jbÕ (World Summit on Sustainable
2002
Development) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 m‡¤§j‡b weL¨vZ Agenda-5 MÖnY K‡i cwi‡e‡ki ‡Kv‡bv ¶wZ bv K‡i Dbœqb‡K
GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi K_v ejv nq| ‡UKmB Dbœqb wel‡q GwUB cÖ_g m‡¤§jb|
‡Kv‡cb‡n‡Mi  2009 mv‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ ‡Kvc-15 AbywôZ nq ‡Wbgv‡K©i ivRavbx
m‡¤§jb
‡Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b|
 G m‡¤§j‡b DbœZ ‡`k¸‡jv GKwU ÔwMÖb K¬vB‡gU dvÛÕ MV‡bi A½xKvi K‡i| 2020
mvj n‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯Í `wi`ª ‡`k¸‡jvi mnvqZvq cÖwZeQi 100 wewjqb Wjvi cÖ`vb Kivi
wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq|
Z…Zxq awiÎx  2012 mv‡j eªvwR‡ji wiI wW ‡R‡bwiI‡Z GB m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq hvi g~j bvg n‡jv
m‡¤§jb (wiI
ÔUnited Nation Conference on Sustainable DevelopmentÕ. eªvwR‡ji
+ 20)
‡cÖwm‡W›U w`jgv iD‡md Ô‡Kgb c„w_ex Avgiv ‡`L‡Z PvBÕ (The future world
that we want to see) bvgK e³e¨ cvV K‡ib| D³ e³‡e¨ 283 wU A½xKvi
AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q|
 G m‡¤§j‡b ‡UKmB Dbœq‡b ÔcÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gvÕ ‣Zwi Kiv Ges ÔmeyR A_©bxwZÕ
(Green Economy) M‡o ‡Zvjvi wm×všÍ nq|
 cÖ_g awiÎx m‡¤§j‡bi 20 eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡ÿ G m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| G m‡¤§jb‡K
e‡j— wiI + 20|
evwj m‡¤§jb  2007 mv‡j evwj m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq— B‡›`v‡bwkqvi ch©Ub kni evwj Øx‡c|
awiÎx w`em
(Earth
Day)
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 7 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
m‡¤§jb
COP-1
COP-15
mvj
1995
2009
COP-16
COP
m¤úK©xq COP-18
¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Z_¨
2010
COP-21
2015
COP-22
COP-23
COP-24
COP-25
2016
2017
2018
2019
COP-26
COP-27
2021
2022
.
ivgmvi
Kb‡fbkb
wf‡qbv
Kb‡fbkb
ev‡mj
Kb‡fbkb
gw›Uªj
†cÖv‡UvKj
2012
Ab¨vb¨
cÖ_g COP m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq Rvg©vwbi evwj©†b|
AbywôZ nq ‡Wbgv‡K©i ‡Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b| GB m¤§j‡b wMÖb K¬vB‡gU dvÛ
MVb Kivi Aw½Kvi Kiv nq|
m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq ‡gw·‡Kvi KvbKz‡b| GB m¤§j‡b wMÖb K¬vB‡gU
dvÛ MVb Kiv nq|
m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq KvZv‡ii ivRavbx ‡`vnv‡Z| GB m‡¤§j‡b
Kyoto Protocol Gi ‡gqv` 2012 ‡_‡K evwo‡q 2020 mv‡j
DbœxZ Kiv nq| G‡K ejv nq ‡`vnv ms‡kvabx|
m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq d«v‡Ýi ivRavbx c¨vwi‡m|
GB m‡¤§j‡b c¨vwim Pyw³ M„nxZ nq (195 wU ‡`k KZ©„K)|
m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq gi‡°vi gvivKvm kn‡i|
m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq Rvg©vwbi e‡b|
AbywôZ nq ‡cvj¨v‡Ûi Katowice kn‡i|
m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq ‡¯ú‡bi ivRavbx gvw`ª‡`| cÖ_‡g GB m‡¤§jbwU
wPwji mvw›Uqv‡Mv‡Z AbywôZ nIqvi K_v wQj|
GB m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq Møvm‡Kv, ¯‥Uj¨vÛ|
b‡f¤^‡i GB m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡e `wÿY wmbvB, wgki|
Rjevqy welqK Pzw³, †cÖv‡UvKj I Kb‡fbkb
1971 wLª÷v‡ã Biv‡bi ivgmv‡i c„w_exi wewfbœ †`kmg~n ÔConvention on Wetlands’
bvgK GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK Pzw³‡Z ¯^vÿi K‡ib| Kb‡fbkbwU Kvh©Ki nq 1975 wLª÷v‡ã GwU
n‡jv wek^e¨vcx •Re cwi‡ek iÿvi mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm| 21 ‡g, 1992 wLª÷v‡ã my›`ieb‡K
†`‡ki cÖ_g ivgmvi mvBU wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| wØZxq U¨v½yqvi nvIo‡K ivgmvi mvBU
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq 20 Rvbyqvwi, 2000 wLª÷v‡ã|
1985 mv‡ji 22 gvP© Aw÷ªqvi wf‡qbvq M„nxZ G Kb‡fbkbwU I‡Rvb ¯Íi myi¶v I msi¶Y
wel‡q| Gi cy‡iv bvg—Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone
Layer. Pyw³wU Kvh©Ki nq 1988 mv‡ji 22 ‡m‡Þ¤^i|
wec¾bK eR¨© ‡`‡ki mxgv‡šÍi evB‡i PjvPj Ges G‡`i wbqš¿Y wel‡q 1989 mv‡ji 22
gvP© myBRvij¨v‡Ûi ev‡m‡j G Kb‡fbkbwU M„nxZ nq| 1992 mv‡ji 5‡g Kb‡fbkbwU
Kvh©Ki nq|
evqygЇj ÷ª¨v‡Uvwùqv‡i Aew¯’Z I‡Rvb¯Íi‡K i¶v welqK ‡cÖv‡UvKj| cy‡iv bvg—
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. KvbvWvi
gw›Uª‡j kn‡i I‡Rvb ¯Íi webóKvix `~wlZ ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i wbtmiY Kgv‡bvi wel‡q wm×všÍ
M…nxZ nq| ‡cÖv‡UvKjwU M…nxZ nq 1987 mv‡j Ges Kvh©Ki nq 1989 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi|
cÖwZeQi gw›Uªj ‡cÖv‡UvKj ¯^v¶‡ii w`b A_©vr 16 ‡m‡Þ¤^i ÒAvšÍR©vwZK I‡Rvb¯Íi i¶v
w`emÓ wn‡m‡e cvwjZ nq| ‡cÖv‡UvKjwU Kvh©Ki nIqvi ci GB ch©šÍ ‡gvU 8 evi (1990,
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 8 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2016) ms‡kvwaZ n‡q‡Q|
Rxe‰ewPΨ
Rxe‣ewPΨ msµvšÍ Kb‡fbkb ¯^v¶wiZ nq 5 Ryb, 1992 mv‡j Ges Kvh©Ki nq 1993
msµvšÍ
mv‡j| evsjv‡`k- 1992 mv‡j Rxe‣ewPΨ msµvšÍ Kb‡fbkb ¯^v¶i K‡i Ges 1994
Kb‡fbkb
mv‡j Aby‡gv`b K‡i|
wK‡qv‡Uv  ¯^vÿwiZ nq— 11 wW‡m¤^i, 1997 wLª÷v‡ã|
†cÖv‡UvKj  ¯^vÿ‡ii ¯’vb— wK‡qv‡Uv, Rvcvb (COP Gi Z…Zxq ‣eV‡K)|
 ‡cÖv‡UvKjwU Kvh©Ki nq— 16B ‡deªæqvwi, 2005 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k ¯^vÿi K‡i— 22 A‡±vei, 2001 Ges Kvh©Ki K‡i— 16B wW‡m¤^i,
2005|
 Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL wQj— DbœZ ‡`k¸‡jv 1990 mvj‡K wfwË eQi a‡i wMÖb nvDm M¨v‡mi
wbtmiY 5.2% nv‡i Kgv‡e|
 †`vnv ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g †cÖv‡UvKjwUi ‡gqv` 2020 mvj ch©šÍ Kiv n‡qwQj|
 ‡gvU Aby‡gv`bKvix ‡`k n‡jv— 191 wU (RvwZmsNfy³ ‡`k— 189wU)|
 cÖKíwU Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wQj— 144wU †`k|
 Pyw³ ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Q wKš‘ Aby‡gv`b K‡iwb— Av‡gwiKv|
 wK‡qv‡Uv ‡cÖv‡UvKj cÖZ¨vnviKvix GKgvÎ ‡`k— KvbvWv|
 wK‡qv‡Uv Pzw³i g~j welqe¯‘— •ewk^K DòZv nªvm|
KvU©v‡Mbv  ‣Re wbivcËv welqK Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq— KvbvWvi gw›Uª‡j|
†cÖv‡UvKj  ‡cÖv‡UvKjwU ¯^vÿwiZ nq— 29 Rvbyqvwi, 2000 Ges
 Kvh©Ki nq— 11 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2003|
 evsjv‡`k ¯^v¶i K‡i— 2000 mv‡j Ges Kvh©Ki K‡i— 2004 mv‡j|
 Gi cy‡iv bvg— Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on
Biological Diversity.
AvšÍR©vwZK
mgy`ª AvBb
AvšÍR©vwZK
b`x AvBb
RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M 1982 mv‡j cÖYxZ nq AvšÍR©vwZK mgy`ª AvBb UNCLOS ev
United Nations Convention on the Law Of the sea
The convention on the law of non-navigational uses of internation
watercourses bv‡g AvBbwU RvwZmsN cÖYqb K‡i- 1997 wLª÷v‡ã| Kvh©Ki nq— 17
AvM÷, 2014 wLª÷v‡ã|
c¨vwim Pyw³  2015 mv‡j d«v‡Ýi ivRavbx c¨vwi‡m 195wU ‡`k I 1wU msMVb (BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb)
Gi AskMÖn‡Y AbywôZ nq|
 22 GwcÖj, 2016 Pyw³wU ¯^v¶‡ii Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv n‡j evsjv‡`k cÖ_g w`‡bB ¯^v¶i
K‡i| Pyw³wU Kvh©Ki nq 4 b‡f¤^i, 2016 wLª÷v‡ã| Gi mxgv wba©viY Kiv nq- 2100
mvj ch©šÍ|
 Pyw³wU‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, me ‡`k mw¤§wjZfv‡e ‣ewk¦K Mo DòZv cÖvK-wkíhy‡Mi Zyjbvq
20 ‡mw›U‡MÖ‡Wi g‡a¨ mxgve× ivL‡e| me ‡`k Zv‡`i Kve©b wbtmiY n«v‡mi cwigvY
‡¯^”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z fv‡e wba©viY Ki‡e|
 01 Ryb, 2017 mv‡j c¨vwim Rjevqy Pzw³ 2015 †_‡K m‡i `vuovq hy³ivóª| Pzw³i 28
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 9 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
aviv Abyhvqx 2020 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤^i hy³iv‡óªi cÖ¯’vb Kvh©Ki nq| ‡Rv evB‡Wb ÿgZvq
G‡mB c¨vwim Pzw³‡Z †divi †NvlYv †`b|
 cwi‡ek AvBbRxwe mwgwZi bvg— ‡ejv (BELA)|
bAvwe
 evsjv‡`‡k cwi‡ek Av`vjZ— 3wU cwi‡ek| cwi‡ek welqK
bxwZ-1992
Avwcj Av`vjZ— XvKv|
AvBb-1995
evsjv‡`k  evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g RvZxq cwi‡ek bxwZ ‡NvwlZ nq— 1992 mv‡j|
wewagvjv-1997
I cwi‡ek  evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡ek welqK msMVb n‡jv— evcv|
 cwi‡ek msi¶Y AvBb M„nxZ nq— 1995 mv‡j (me©‡kl ms‡kvab-2010)|
 RvwZms‡Ni 2015 Awa‡ek‡b cwi‡ek welqK ÔP¨vw¤úqb Ae w` Av_© cyi¯‥viÕ jvf
K‡ib— ‡kL nvwmbv|
 wek¦ Rjevqy m~PK 2021 Abyhvqx me‡P‡q SzuwKc~Y© ‡`k cy‡q‡Z©vwi‡Kv evsjv‡`k mßg
SywKc~Y© ‡`k|
cwi‡ek welqK AvšÍR©vwZK `kK I el©
cwi‡ek 2005-2014
welqK
AvšÍR©vwZK 2006-2016
2010-2020
`kK
2011-2020
cwi‡ek
welqK
AvšÍR©vwZK
el©
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2006
2004
2003
2002
1998
wØZxq wek¦ Avw`evmx `kK, ‡UKmB Dbœq‡b Rb¨ wk¶v `kK, Rxe‡bi
Rb¨ cvwb `kK|
mgm¨v m¼zj A‡j ‡UKmB Dbœqb I cybM©Vb `kK|
Liv I giæKiæ‡Yi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vj‡bi `kK|
wbivcËv moK `kK, Rxe ‣ewPΨ `kK ,Z…Zxq AvšÍR©vwZK Jcwb‡ewkK
myjf AvPiY `~ixKiY `kK|
AvšÍR©vwZK cvwievwiK Lvgvi el©|
AvšÍR©vwZK wKbyqv, AvšÍR©vwZK cvwb mn‡hvwMZv el©|
mK‡ji Rb¨ ‡UKmB R¡vjvwb el©|
AvšÍR©vwZK eb el©|
AvšÍR©vwZK evN el©|
AvšÍR©vwZK cÖvK…wZK Avuk el©|
B›Uvib¨vkbvj Bqvi Ad cø¨v‡bU Av_©, AvšÍR©vwZK Avjy el©,AvšÍR©vwZK
m¨vwb‡Ukb el©|
AvšÍR©vwZK Liv I giæf~wg el©
AvšÍR©vwZK avb el©
AvšÍR©vwZK RxevYygy³ el©
AvšÍR©vwZK ce©Z el©
AvšÍR©vwZK mgy`ª el©
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 10 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
cwi‡ek welqK wKQz w`em
wek^ Rjvf~wg w`em
wek^ eb¨cÖvYx w`em
AvšÍR©vwZK eb w`em
wek^ cvwb w`em
wek^ AvenvIqv w`em
wek^ HwZn¨ w`em
Av_© AvIqvi
wek^ awiÎx w`em
AvšÍR©vwZK Rxe‣ewPΨ w`em
2 †deªæqvwi
3 gvP©
21 gvP©
22 gvP©
23 gvP©
18 GwcÖj
gv‡P©i ‡kl kwbevi
22 GwcÖj
22 †g
wek^ mgy`ª w`em
wek^ evN w`em
wek^ nvwZ w`em
wek^ b`x w`em
wek^ cÖvYx w`em
AvšÍR©vwZK `y‡hv©M cÖkgb w`em
8 Ryb
29 RyjvB
12 AvM÷
16 †m‡Þ¤^i
28 †m‡Þ¤^i
4 A‡±vei
13 A‡±vei
AvšÍRv© wZK kã m‡PZbZv w`em
GwcÖ‡ji ‡h ‡Kvb eyaevi|
AvšÍR©vwZK I‡Rvb¯Íi msiÿY w`em
cwi‡ek welqK Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨
Kve©b Ki I  A‡÷ªwjqv 2012 mv‡j Kve©b U¨v· Pvjy Ki‡jI 2014 mv‡j Zv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i ‡bq|
Kve©b m~PK  Kve©b m~PK Pvjy K‡i— fviZ| wm½vcyi 2019 ‡_‡K GB Kve©b Ki Av‡ivc Kivi
‡NvlYv w`‡q‡Q|
 evsjv‡`k miKviI Kve©b Ki Pvjy Kivi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡Q|
 c„w_exi cÖ_g ‡`k wn‡m‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©b Uªv÷ MVb K‡i— evsjv‡`k (13 A‡±vei,
2010 mv‡j)|
wec¾bK eR¨© ‡`‡ki mxgv‡šÍi evB‡i PjvPj Ges G‡`i ev‡mj Kb‡fbkb
wbqš¿Y
wewfbœ Pzw³ ZvcgvÎv e„w× 2 wWwMÖ ev Zvi wb‡P ivLvi mgq mxgv c¨vwim Pyw³ (me‡P‡q eo
I
wba©viY Kiv nq
Pyw³)
†cÖv‡UvK‡ji wMÖb nvDm M¨v‡mi wbtmiY 5.2% nv‡i Kgv‡e I Kve©b wK‡qv‡Uv ‡cÖv‡UvKj
KvR/wm×všÍ wbtmiY Kgv‡e
RvwZms‡Ni ‣Re wbivcËv welqK Pyw³
KvU©v‡Mvbv ‡cÖv‡UvKj
IRb¯Íi ¶qKvix M¨vm wbtmiY wbqš¿Y welqK ‡cÖv‡UvKj gw›Uªj Kb‡fbkb
RvwZms‡Ni I‡Rvb ¯Í‡ii myi¶v I msi¶‡Y
wf‡qbv Kb‡fbkb
Rxe ‣ewPΨ msµvšÍ Kb‡fbkb
Rxe ‣ewPΨ Kb‡fbkb
cwi‡ek msi¶YKvix ms¯’v
IUCN
cÖkœ mgvavb
01.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change- Gi g~j Av‡jvP¨ welq- [43Zg
wewmGm]
(K) Rxevk¥ R¦vjvbxi e¨envi wbqš¿Y
(M) mgy‡`ªi D”PZv e„w×
02. wMÖb wcm †Kvb †`‡ki cwi‡ekev`x MÖæc? [26Zg wewmGm]
K. wbDwRj¨vÛ
M. wbDBqK©
(L) wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi wbtmiY cÖkgb
(N) •ewk^ giæKi‡Yi cÖwµqv bevqb
L. myBRvij¨vÛ
N. jÛb
D:L
DËi: K
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 11 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
gv_vwcQz wMÖb nvDR M¨vm D`Mxi‡Y me‡P‡q †ewk `vqx wb‡Pi †Kvb †`kwU? [37Zg wewmGm]
K. ivwkqv
L. hy³ivóª
M. Bivb
N. Rvg©vwb
DËi: L
04. Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvq Green Climate Fund we‡k¦i `wi`ª †`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ wK cwigvY A_© gÄyi
K‡i‡Q? [36Zg wewmGm]
K. 80 wewjqb Wjvi
L. 100 wewjqb Wjvi
M. 150 wewjqb Wjvi
N. 200 wewjqb Wjvi
D: L
05. ‘V20’ MÖæc wK‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. K…wl Dbœqb
L. `vwi`ª we‡gvPb
M. Rjevqy cwieZ©b
N. wewb‡qvM m¤úwK©Z
DËi: M
06. wek¦ cÖvYx w`em n‡”Q? [35Zg wewmGm]
K. 4 A‡±vei
L. 29 Ryb
M. 23 A‡±vei
N. 11 †deªæqvwi
DËi: K
07. Which one of the following ecosystems covers the largest area of the earth’s surface?
03.
[34Zg wewmGm]
K. Desert ecosystem
L. Mountain ecosystem
M. Fresh water ecosystem
N. Marine ecosystem
D: N
08. µgn«vmgvb nv‡i I‡Rvb¯Íi ÿqKvix Dcv`vb wejx‡bi welqwU †Kvb Pzw³‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. gw›Uªj †cÖv‡UvKj
L. †K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv Kve©b Pzw³
M. IPCC Pzw³
N. †KvbwUB bq
DËi: K
09. Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ûgwKi e¨vcKZv Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ ‡Kvb †`kwU mgy‡`ªi Mfx‡i gwš¿mfvi ‰eVK K‡i‡Q? [35Zg
wewmGm]
K. wdwR
L. cvcyqv wbDwMwb
M. BivK
N. gvjØxc
DËi: N
IUCN-Gi KvR n‡jv wek¦e¨vcx- [24Zg wewmGm (evwZj)]
K. cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` msiÿY Kiv
L. gvbevwaKvi msiÿY Kiv
M. cvwbm¤ú` msiÿY Kiv
N. AvšÍR©vwZK mš¿vm `gb Kiv
DËi: K
11. RvwZms‡Ni cwi‡ek welqK ms¯’v (UNEP) Ges Rjevqy welqK ms¯’v (WMO) Gi wgwjZ D‡`¨v‡M cÖwZôv
jvf K‡i- [37Zg wewmGm]
K. IPCC
L. COP 21
M. Green Peace
N. Sierra Club
DËi: K
12. 2015 mv‡j c¨vwi‡m AbywôZ Kc-21 G KZ msL¨K RvwZ AskMÖnY K‡iwQj? [38Zg wewmGm]
K. 195
L. 168
M. 199
N. 196
DËi: K
13. wMÖb nvDR B‡d‡±i cwiYwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q ¸iæZi ÿwZ wK n‡e? [26Zg wewmGm/19Zg wewmGm/15Zg wewmGm]
10.
K. e„wócvZ K‡g hv‡e
L. DËvc A‡bK †e‡o hv‡e
M. wb¤œf~wg wbgw¾Z n‡e N. mvB‡K¬v‡bi cÖeYZv evo‡e
DËi: M
14. wek¦ cwi‡ek w`em †KvbwU? [11Zg, 26Zg I 30Zg wewmGm]
K. 5 †g
L. 15 †g
M. 5 Ryb
N. 15 Ryb
15. ÔKvU©v‡MbvÕ cÖ‡UvKj n‡”Q? [25Zg wewmGm]
K. BivK c~Y©MVb Pzw³
L. RvwZms‡Ni ‣Re wbivcËv welqK Pzw³
DËi: M
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 12 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
M. hy³ivóª-†gw·‡Kv ‣ea Pzw³
N. wkï AwaKvi Pzw³
DËi: L
16. Rxevk¥ R¡vjvbx `n‡bi d‡j evqygЇj †h wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi cwigvY me PvB‡Z †ekx e„w× cv‡”Q- [26Zg wewmGm]
K. Rjxq ev¯ú
L. †K¬v‡iv †d¬v‡iv Kve©b
M. Kve©b WvB A·vBW
N. wg‡_b
DËi: M
17. evqygЇji IRb¯Íi Aeÿq ev wQ`ª ev dvU‡ji Rb¨ †Kvb M¨mvwUi f~wgKv m‡e©v”P? [21Zg wewmGm/19Zg wewmGm]
K. Kve©b WvB A·vBW
L. Rjxq ev®ú
M. bvBwUªK A·vBW
N. CFC ev †K¬v‡iv †d¬v‡iv Kve©b
DËi: N
18. Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y MÖx®§Kvj `xN©Zg n‡”Q †Kv_vq?
K. A‡÷ªwjqvq
L. fvi‡Z
M. Avwd«Kvq
N. Rvcv‡b
DËi: K
19. cwi‡ek Av`vjZ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb wZbwU †Rjv‡Z i‡q‡Q?
K. XvKv, wm‡jU I PÆMÖvg
M. XvKv, wm‡jU I e¸ov
L. ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx I Lyjbv
N. ivRkvnx, Kzwgjøv I PÆMÖvg
mv‡ji g‡a¨ Gwkqvi KZ gvbyl Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡e?
K. 50 †KvwU
L. 100 †KvwU
M. 150 †KvwU
N. 200 †KvwU
21. †Kvb wbqvgKwUi Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b m~h©wKiY wZh©Kfv‡e c‡o?
K. D”PZv
L. Aÿvsk
M. ce©‡Zi Ae¯’vb
N. mgy`ª †_‡K `~iZ¡
22. ‰Re ‰ewPΨ Kb‡fbkb ¯^vÿwiZ nq †Kvb mv‡j?
K. 1990 mv‡j
L. 1992 mv‡j
M. 1994 mv‡j
N. 1996 mv‡j
23. wek¦ cwi‡ek w`em cvj‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq ‡Kvb mv‡j?
K. 1970 mv‡j
L. 1971 mv‡j
M. 1972 mv‡j
N. 1973 mv‡j
24. DËi Av‡gwiKvi c~e© DcK‚j‡K kxZj iv‡L †Kvb mgy`ª‡¯ªvZ?
K. Dòz DcvmMvixq †¯ªvZ
L. Dò gnv‡`kxq †¯ªvZ
M. kxZj DcmvMixq †¯ªvZ
N. kxZj jveª¨vWi †¯ªvZ
25. †Kvb †`k mgy‡`ª Zwj‡q hvIqvi Avk¼vq Ab¨‡`‡k Rwg µ‡qi wPšÍv Ki‡Q?
K. kªxjsKv
L. gvjØxc
M. wdwR
N. †KvbwUB bq
DËi: K
20. 2050
DËi: L
DËi: L
DËi: L
DËi: M
DËi: N
DËi: L
26. cwi‡ek wech©‡qi Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk `vqx wZbwU †`k Kviv?
K. Pxb, hy³ivóª I fviZ
M. Pxb, ivwkqv I hy³ivóª
L. Pxb, KvbvWv I fviZ
N. fviZ, ivwkqv I Pxb
DËi : K
27. wMÖb nvDR M¨v‡mi mv‡_ Awf‡hvRb Ges Rjevqy A_©vqb msµvšÍ Pzw³ †KvbwU?
K. c¨vwim Rjevqy Pzw³
M. wK‡qvUv cÖ‡UvKj
L. KvU©v‡Mvbv cÖ‡UvKj
N. gw›Uªj ‡cÖv‡UvKj
DËi : K
L. ÷ªv‡UvgÐj
N. Uª‡cvgÐj
DËi : L
28. evqygЇji ‡Kvb ¯Í‡i I‡Rvb¯Íi i‡q‡Q?
K. Uª‡cvgÐj
M. AvqbgÐj
29. wK ai‡bi ebvÂj‡K ÔUvBMvÕ ejv nq?
K. mijeM©xq ebvÂj
L. cY©‡gvPx ebvÂj
Bb‡mckb I‡qe/A¨v‡ci cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ # 13 # AvšÍRv©wZK welqvewj # †U÷- 82
30.
31.
32.
33.
M. MÖx®§gÐjxq ebvÂj
N. wPinwir ebvÂj
DËi : K
cÖavbgš¿x ‡kL nvwmbv ‡Kvb m‡b RvwZms‡Ni cwi‡ek wel‡q m‡e©v”P m¤§vbbv Ô P¨vw¤úqb Ae `¨v Av_©Õ ‡LZv‡e
f~wlZ nb?
K. 2017
L. 2015
M. 2018
N. 2019
DËi: L
cÖwZ eQi wek¦ ZvgvKgy³ w`em cvwjZ nq K‡e? [33Zg wewmGm]
K. 30 GwcÖj
L. 30 Ryb
M. 31 ‡g
N. 31 RyjvB
DËi: M
we‡k^i me©‡kl Rjevqy m‡¤§jb (wW‡m¤^i, 18) ‡Kv_vq AbywôZ nq? [40Zg wewmGm]
K. †KvUIqvBm, †cvj¨vÛ
L. c¨vwim, dªvÝ
M. †ivg, BZvwj
N. †eBwRs, Pxb
DËi: K
2018 mv‡j wek^ cwi‡ek w`e‡m cÖwZcv`¨ welq †KvbwU? [39Zg wewmGm]
K. cøvw÷K (Plastic) `~lY‡K civwRZ Kwi
L. meyR wek^ M‡o Zzwj
M. Rjevqy DòZv‡K iæ‡L ‡`B
N. Rjevqy DòZv cÖwZ‡iva Znwej M‡o Zzwj
DËi: K
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