A Project
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of Diploma of Computer Engineering
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Polytechnic, Amravati
Submitted By
1. Enrollment No: 2100240152
2. Enrollment No: 2100240154
3. Enrollment No: 2100240155
Subject: DCC [22414]
Under the Guidance of
Prof. R. H. Rathod
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
2022-2023
1
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
DR. PANJABRAO DESHMUKH POLYTECHNIC, AMRAVATI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the students having Roll No. 41, 43, 44 of Fourth Semester of
Diploma in Computer Engineering have completed the term work / Project entitled
‘Preparing a report on guided transmission media depending upon cost, speed,
efficiency, reliability’ satisfactorily in the partial fulfillment of Project for the
academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.
Guide
Prof. R. H. Rathod
Lecturer in Computer Engg. Dept.
HOD / Principal
Dr. G. R. Gosavi
Computer Engg. Dept.
2
Undertaking
We declare that the work presented in this project title “Preparing a report on
guided transmission media depending upon cost, speed, efficiency, reliability”,
submitted to the Computer Department of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Polytechnic
Amravati, for the award of the Bachelor of Technology Diploma in Computer
Engineering, is our original work. We have not plagiarized or submitted the same work
for the award of any other diploma. In case this undertaking is found incorrect, we
accept that our diploma may be unconditionally withdrawn.
Anish V. Talreja
Swayam S. Rajput
Piyush P. Ingle
3
Acknowledgement
The making of the dissertation needed co-operation and guidance of number of people.
We therefore consider it our prime duty to thank all those who had helped us through
this venture. We are profoundly grateful to Prof. R. H. Rathod guidance and
continuous encouragement throughout to see that seminar right on its target since its
commencement to its completion. We would like to express our deepest appreciation
towards Dr. G. R. Gosavi, Principal, whose valuable guidance supported us in
completing the dissertation. We would like to thank Principal Dr. G. R. Gosavi, for
providing necessary facility, guidance andvaluable time during the period of working
on this dissertation. Finally, we are thankful to our friends and library staff members
whose encouragement and suggestion helped me in completing our dissertation.
Thanking You!
Anish V. Talreja
Swayam S. Rajput
Piyush P. Ingle
4
DETAILS:
Title of the Micro-Project:
Preparing a report on guided transmission media depending upon cost,
speed, efficiency, reliability.
Submitted By:
Sr. No.
Name of the Student
Roll No.
1.
Anish Vinod Talreja
41
2.
Swayam Sharadsingh Rajput
43
3.
Piyush Pravin Ingle
44
Teacher’s Signature
5
INDEX
Sr. No.
Title
Page no.
1.
Introduction
8
2.
Guided Media
9
3.
Comparison on Types of Guided Media
13
4.
Bar Graph Comparison
14
5.
Conclusion
15
6.
References
15
6
Aim
To prepare a report on guided transmission media depending upon cost, speed, efficiency and
reliability.
Course Outcomes Addressed
1.
2.
3.
4.
Analyze the functioning of data communication and computer network.
Select relevant transmission media and switching techniques as per need.
Analyze the transmission errors with respect to IEEE standards.
Configure various networking devices.
Actual Methodology
We have prepared a report based on guided transmission media depending upon cost, speed,
efficiency, reliability. Guided transmission media is a physical medium used to transfer information
bits from one computer to the other. In the following report, we have discussed types of guided
media and compared them on the basis of cost, speed, efficiency and reliability.
Resources Used:
Sr. No
Name of Resource
Specification
Quantity
1
Computer System
Intel Core i5
1
2
Operating System
Windows 10
1
3
Tools
TCP/IP Protocols
1
7
Introduction
Transmission Media is a means of establishing a communication medium to send and receive
information in the form of electromagnetic signal waves. It operates with various physical elements,
therefore, it is placed beneath the physical layer while being worked on by physical elements from
the physical layer. The Local Area Network (LAN), which contains both the transmitter and the
receiver, is the network that operates via the transmission medium. The electrical or optical signals
are transmitted through either copper or fibre-based transmission media.
Transmission media functions as a physical path between the sender and the receiver in data
communication. For example, in a copper
cable network, bits are available in the
form of electrical signals, whereas in a
fibre network, bits are available in the
form of light pulses. The parameters of
the medium and signal can be used to
determine the quality and characteristics
of data transmission. Delay, bandwidth, maintenance, cost, and ease of installation are all
characteristics of various transmission media.
Types of Transmission Media
From the figure, we can observe that guided media consist of wires through which the data is
transferred and unguided media doesn’t require physical medium.
In our case, we will study only guided media of transmission.
8
Guided Media
Guided media is also referred to as wired media. Sometimes its also referred to as bounded media
because it is bounded to a specific limit in the communication network. In guided media, the
transmission signal properties are controlled and focused in a fixed constricted channel, which can
be implemented with the help of physiologically connected contacts. One of the most prominent
aspects of Guided Media is its fast transmission velocity. Other reasons why users choose directed
media over unguided media include transmission security and the ability to regulate the network
within a limited geographical area.
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
The cost of guided media is very low and easily available.
These are very flexible and Lightweight.
Very easy to set up and install.
Provides high transmission speed.
Disadvantages
1. Bandwidth is very low in guided media.
2. Susceptible to interference and noise- (Noise is an electrical disturbance that can degrade
communication).
3. High maintenance and installation costs.
Types
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fibre Optic Cable
Stripline Cable
Microstripline Cable
Most commonly used types are twisted, coaxial and fibre optic while stripline and microstripline
are not used nowadays.
1.
Twisted Pair Cables
Twisted-pair are generally made of copper, and a pair of
wires are twisted together to decrease interference by
adjacent wires. A twisted pair includes two conductors
(copper), each with its plastic insulation, twisted
together. One of the wires can transfer signals to the
receiver, and the difference is used just as a ground
reference. The receiver helps the difference between the
two.
TP cable is the most common type of cable used in data
communication. It is reliable, flexible and cost effective.
Purpose of twisting the wire is to reduce the electrical interference from the similar pairs in
surroundings. When these wires are twisted, both wires have a similar effect of noise. This way,
the receiver receives the correct signal. The number of a twist on the cable defines the quality of
signals carried by them. Therefore, more twisted means better quality signals.
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Frequency range of TP cable is 100 Hz to 5MHz.
There are two types of twisted pair cable:
i.
Unshielded Twisted Pair
A twisted pair includes two insulated conductors twisted together in the spiral form, as
shown in the figure. It can be shielded with a plastic cover. The UTP cables are very lowcost and simple to install.
ii.
Shielded Twisted Pair
Each insulated twisted pair are shielded by a metal foil or braided mesh. This mesh is also
known as a metal shield. It decreases the interference of the disturbance caused by the
surrounding. This property makes the cable bulky and expensive.
Advantages:
 Easy to install.
 If part of cable is broken, the whole network doesn’t shut down.
 Flexible and easy to connect.
Disadvantages
 Low bandwidth.
 Only supports data transfer rate upto 10 MBps.
2. Coaxial Cable
It has an outer plastic coating with an insulation layer of PVC or Teflon and two parallel conductors
with their insulated protection cover. The inner conductor of the coaxial cable is made up of copper,
and the outer conductor is made up of copper mesh. The middle core is made up of non-conductive
cover that separates the inner conductor from the outer
conductor. The middle core is responsible for the data
transferring whereas the copper mesh prevents from the
EMI (Electromagnetic interference).
Frequency range of coaxial cables are 100 KHz to 500
MHz. For 1 km cables, a data price of 10 Mbps is
feasible. Higher data rates are applicable for shorter
cables. Co-axial cables are generally used for cable TV
and long-distance transmission within the telephone
system. Cable TVs and analog television networks widely use Coaxial cables.
There are 2 types of Coaxial cable:
i.
Baseband Cable
ii.
This is a 50 ohm (Ω) coaxial cable used for digital transmission. It is mainly used for Local
Area Net. Baseband transmits one signal at a time at a very high speed. The major drawback
with this is that it needs amplification after every 1000 feet.
Broadband Cable
This is accomplished by using analog transmission over conventional cable television
wiring. It sends several signals at the same time at various frequencies. When compared to
Baseband Coaxial Cable, it covers a larger region.
Advantages:
10

Huge Bandwidth and low cost due to less cable.
 Higher frequency than twisted pair cables.
 This is most broadly used medium for local area networks.
Disadvantages:



Coax is among the most expensive types of wires cables.
Limited in network speed.
One bad conductor can take down entire network.
3. Fibre Optic Cable
A fibre optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmits
signals in the form of light. A fibre optic is a cable that
holds the optical fibres coated in plastic used to send the
data by light pulses. The plastic coating protects the
optical fibres from heat, cold, and electromagnetic
interference from other types of wiring.
Fibre optic cables provide faster data transmission than
copper wires. Fibre optic cables support much of the
world's internet, cable television, and telephone systems.

Main Parts of Fibre Optic Cable:
a. Core
The optical fibre is made up of a thin strand of glass or plastic known as the core. A core is the
portion of the fibre that transmits light. The larger the core area, the more the light will be transferred
into the fibre.
b. Cladding
Cladding refers to the concentric thin layer of glass. The function of the cladding is to create a lower
refractive index at the core interface, thereby causing reflection within the core and allowing light
waves to pass through the fibre.
c. Jacket
This is the outer layer of fibre optic cable. A jacket is a type of protective covering made of plastic.
The primary function of a jacket is to retain fibre strength, absorb stress, and provide further fibre
protection.
Advantages:



Fibre optic cable offers high-speed transmission.
They are not affected by any electromagnetic interference.
Fibre optic cables are immune to attenuation.
Disadvantages:



Fibre optic cables are costly and difficult to install and maintain.
They are unidirectional and provide one-way communication. To have bidirectional
communication, you have to install two cables.
They are fragile compared to standard cables.
11
4. Stripline
Strip-lines transmit high-frequency waves using a conducting substance. This substance is placed
between two ground plane layers, often shorted to offer EMI immunity.
Advantages
 Smaller than the co-axial line.
 Greater frequency bandwidth.
Disadvantages
 Troubleshooting is complex.
 Expensive.
5. Microstripline
A microstrip is a transmission line consisting of a conductor manufactured on a dielectric substrate
with a grounded plane. It is easily downsized and incorporated with microwave equipment, making
it a popular transmission line choice.
12
Comparison of Types of Guided Media
Parameters
Twisted Pair
Coaxial
Fiber Optic
Speed
10 Gbps
Not defined speed
limit
200 Gbps
Reliability
Not reliable
Not reliable
More Reliable than
Copper Cable
Noise Immunity
Low
Moderate
High
Efficiency
More Efficient
than Coaxial
Less Efficient
Very Efficient
EMI
Affected by EMI
Diameter
Large
Data Rates
Low Data Rate
Moderately High
Data Rate
Very High Data Rate
Cost
Low
Moderate
High
Bandwidth
Low
Moderately High
Bandwidth
Very High
Attenuation
High
Low
Very Low
Application
Data Network,
Cable Shielding
Radio Transmitters,
Analog TV
Internet, Telephone
Systems
Less affected by
EMI
Large
Not affected by EMI
Small
13
Comparison of Guided Media based on Cost, Speed, Efficiency and Reliability.
Twisted Pair
Coaxial
Fibre Optic
100
80
60
40
20
0
Cost
Speed
Efficiency
Reliability
1. Cost
We can observe from the above bar graph that in terms of cost, fibre optic cable is more expensive
than twisted pair cable and coaxial cable. Hence, fibre optic cable is used where there is no problem
of budget. If the customer is low on budget, they must consider twisted pair cable over coaxial cable.
2. Speed
In terms of speed, fibre optic cable transmit data faster than copper cables because fibre optic cable
transmits data at the speed of light. Considering cost, it is considered to be the fastest guided
transmission media. However, between twisted pair cables and coaxial cables, twisted pair cable are
faster than coaxial cable which makes them considerable.
3. Efficiency
Fibre optic cable is the most efficient media in transmitting data whereas twisted pair cable are more
efficient than coaxial cables.
4. Reliability
Fibre optic is the most reliable media for transmitting data as it is guaranteed that the receiver will
receive the transmitted signal. After fibre optic, twisted pair cable are more reliable than coaxial
cable as twisted pair are more flexible and also if a part of twisted pair cable breaks down, it doesn’t
affect the entire network whereas if part of coaxial cable breaks down, the entire network goes down.
14
Conclusion
From our topic, we learnt how different types of guided media work and their comparison with each
other on the basis of cost, speed, reliability and efficiency. We understood that depending on the
type of transmission, cost and data reliability, we must consider Fibre Optic cable only after
considering cost, else twisted pair cable are more reliable and efficient than Coaxial cable for
transmitting data.
References


https://www.geeksforgeeks.com
https://github.com/happyren/Reading-notes/blob/master/Internet.md#guided-media
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