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Government schemes of Ministry Of
Women & Child Development (MWCD)
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1. Working Women Hostel
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[Launch] 1972-73
Provision of safe and affordable hostel facility to working, single working women, women
working at places away from their hometown and for women being trained for employment.
2. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services)
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[Launch] 1975
Integrated Child Development Services is Centrally sponsored and will provide the following six
services to the beneficiaries:
o Supplementary Nutrition (SNP)
o Health & Nutrition Check-Up
o Immunization
o Non-Formal Education for Children in Pre-School
o Health and Nutrition Education
o Referral services
Besides, the medical officers, Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and Accredited Social Health
Activist (ASHA) form a team with the ICDS functionaries to achieve convergence of different
services.
[4 components]
o Early Childhood Care Education & Development (ECCED)
 Providing Early Childhood care and Education / Pre-school Non-formal Education
 [Beneficiary] 0-6 year children
 Supplementary Nutrition
 [Beneficiary] 6 months – 6 years + Pregnant & Lactating mothers
 For a minimum of 300 days in a year
o Care & Nutrition Counselling
 Community based care and management of Underweight Children
 100% Weighing of all eligible children and identification of underweight children
 12-day Nutritional counselling and care sessions for required children (Sneha
Shivirs) & 18-day home care and follow up during home visit.
o Health Services
 Immunization and Micronutrient Supplementation
 [Beneficiary] 0-6 years + P&L Mothers
o Community Mobilisation Awareness, Advocacy & Information, Education and
Communication (IEC)
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[Funding] Centrally Sponsored Scheme
o Centre:State ➜ 60:40 (General) & 50:50 (Supplementary Nutrition Programme)
o 90:10 (NE/ Himalayan region for all components)
o 100:0 (UTs for all components)
[Objectives]
o Institutionalise essential services and strengthen structures at all levels
o Enhance capacities at all levels
o Ensure appropriate inter-sectoral response at all levels
o Raise public awareness and participation
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o Create database and knowledge base for Child development services
Supplementary nutrition cost norms for Adolescent Girls (out of school 11 – 14 years) covered
under the Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) stands at Rs. 9.50/- per day per beneficiary.
Supplementary Nutrition: In order to eradicate malnutrition among pregnant women and lactating mothers
and children, supplementary nutrition is provided as per the nutritional norms given below for 300 days in a
year:
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S. No.
Categories
Types of food
1.
Children (0-6 months)
Exclusive Breast feeding for first 6 months of life.
2.
Children (6-36 months)
Take Home Ration containing 500 calories of energy and 1215 gms of protein in the form that is palatable to the child.
3.
Severely
mal-nourished
children (6-36 months)
Same type of food as above with food supplement of 800
calories of energy and 20-25 gms. of Protein.
4.
Children(3-6 years)
Morning snack in the form of milk/banana/seasonal fruits
etc. and Hot cooked Meal.
5.
Severely
mal-nourished
children(3-6 years)
Additional 300 calories of energy and 8-10 gms. of Protein
in the form of micro-nutrient fortified food and/or energy
dense food.
6.
Pregnant women &Nursing Take Home Ration in the form of micro-nutrient fortified
mothers
food and/or energy dense food.
Sub-Schemes:
1. AG (Adolescent Girls) Scheme
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Scheme-I (Girl to Girl Approach): For adolescent girls in age group of 11- 15 years
belonging to families whose income level <₹6400 per annum
Scheme-II (Balika Mandal): All adolescent girls in the age group of 11-18 years
irrespective of income levels of the family.
2. Balika Samriddhi Yojana (BSY)
 [Launch] 1997
 [Beneficiary] Covers GIRL children of BPL families in Rural & Urban areas.
 [Benefits] Post birth grant of ₹500 with interest payable at age of 18 years
 Scholarships:
 I-III: ₹300/girl/class
 V: ₹600
 VIII: ₹800
 IV: ₹500
 VI-VII: ₹700
 IX-X: ₹1000
 Other
3. Kishori Shakti Yojana (KSY)
 [Launch] 2000
 The existing model of AG-I and/or AG-II Scheme may be continued.
 Emphasis on nutritional and health status of AG Scheme should be given. IFA
supplementation alongwith deworming interventions and nutrition and health
education may be provided
 [Objectives]
 To improve the nutritional and health status of girls in the age group of 11-18 years
 To provide the required literacy & numeracy skills through non-formal education
 To train and equip the adolescent girls to improve/ upgrade home-based and
vocational skills
 At Anganwadi Centres, a group of 20-25 girls may be identified by the Supervisor
(Mukhya Sevika)
 Interventions limited to Rupees 1.10 lakh per block/ ICDS project per annum only.
4. Nutrition Programme for AGs (NPAG)
 [Launch] 2002-03 in 51 identified districts
 [AIM] To address the problem of under-nutrition among AGs.
 [Benefits] 6 kg free food grains per beneficiary per month are given to underweight AG.
5. Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG)
 [Launch] 2010
 [History] 2010: In 205 districts across States/UTs
 Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)-SABLA
launched on pilot basis intially in 200 districts.
 In selected districts, SABLA will replace NPAG and KSY
 In remaining districts, KSY would continue as before.
 Aims at empowering AGs of 11-18 age group by improving their nutritional &
health status, upgradation of home skills, life skills & vocational skills.
 [Objectives]
 Promote awareness about health, hygiene, nutrition, Adolescent Reproductive
and Sexual Health (ARSH) and family and child care
 Upgrade their home-based skills, life skills and tie up with National Skill
Development Program (NSDP) for vocational skills
 [Beneficiary] Earlier Out of school Adolescent Girls of age 11- 14 years (As adolescent
girls in the age group 11-14 years are covered under Right to Education Act, 2009, the
targeted beneficiaries under the revised scheme are adolescent girls in the age group of
14+ to 18 years in Aspirational Districts and North Eastern States)
 The scheme SAG is to be implemented in all the districts of the country with effect from
01.04.2018 and KSY has been phased out w.e.f 01.04.2018 with the expansion of SAG
all the districts of the country.
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[AIM] To improve the nutrition and health status of out of school girls and to motivate
them to join school system
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[Funding]
 50:50 (Nutrition) & 60:40 (Non-Nutrition)
 90:10 (North East/ Himalayan states) + 100:0 (UTs)
Components:
 Nutrition:
 600 calories + 18-20g of protein + micronutrients for 300 days in a year
 COST norms: ₹9.5 per beneficiary per day
 Non-Nutrition:
 IFA supplementation
 Health Check-up
 Nutrition & Health Education
 Mainstreaming out of school girls into school system
 Life skill education
 Exposure visits to public places
 COST norms: ₹1.1L/ project/ annum
 Kishori Health Card: These health cards for all AGs shall be maintained at the
AWC. Information about the weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), IFA
supplementation, deworming, referral services and immunization etc will be
recorded on the card.
 Kishori Samooh: A group of AGs shall be formed at the AWC. Kishori Samooh shall
be headed by three girls namely one Sakhi and two Sahelis, selected from the group.
Identified girls, Sakhi & Saheli, shall be imparted training at the project/sector level
to serve as peer monitor/ educator for others. Sakhi and Sahelis will serve the
group for one year (each girl will have a term of four months as Sakhi/ saheli on
rotation basis).
 Social Audit: Appropriate provision of social audit by external agencies involving
Gram Sabha shall be made
 National Monitoring & Supervision Committee: Secretary, MoWCD
 State Monitoring & Supervision Committee, Secretary State Deptt. oWCD
 District Monitoring & Supervision Committee: District Collector
 Recently the Scheme for Adolescent Girls has been subsumed under Saksham
Anganwadi & Mission Poshan 2.0. As adolescent girls in the age group 11-14 years
are covered under Right to Education Act, 2009, the targeted beneficiaries under the
revised scheme are adolescent girls in the age group of 14+ to 18 years in Aspirational
Districts and North Eastern States
 The Government of India has launched a campaign “Kanya Shiksha Pravesh Utsav”
on 07.03.2022 under Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme to ensure that all the out-ofschool Adolescent Girls in the age group of 11-14 years are enrolled back to formal
schooling.
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6. Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Boys (RGSEAB)-SAKSHAM
 [Launch] 2014
 [Coverage] 11-18 years old boys
 [Objective] All round development of ABs
 Spreading awareness of cleanliness, nutrition, sexual, and reproductive
health among teenage boys.
 Along with the life-skills education and public services information, it will
offer career skills to the boys above 16.
7. ICPS (Integrated Child Protection Scheme)
 [Launch] 2009
 [Funding] Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Government – Civil Society Partnership
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The ICPS will focus its activities on children in need of care and protection and children
in conflict as defined under the JJ Act and with children who come in contact with the
law, either as victim or as a witness or due to any other circumstance.
State Adoption Resource Agency (SARA) to function as unit under SCPS (Registered
under Societies Registration Act, 1860)
Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) as Central Authority in all matters
concerning Adoption & implement provisions of Hague Convention on Inter-country
Adoption 1993 in matter of rights, safeguards & procedures involving children that are
orphaned, abandoned or surrendered.
 In order to ensure effective implementation of ICPS, a Central Project Support Unit
(CPSU) under MWCD will be established.
Emergency outreach service through ‘MOTHER NGO’ ➜ 4-digit toll free number (1098)
Open shelters for children in need in urban and semi-urban areas
Family based non-institutional care by sponsorship, foster care, adoption & after care
 Sponsorship and Foster Care Fund of ₹10L per district per annum.
 Each district to have Sponsorship and Foster Care Approval Committee (SFCAC)
 ₹2000 per child per month as scholarship amount.
Audit as per CAG of India norms
Cost sharing: Centre: State 75.25 for State and UTs and 90:10 for NE and hilly states
National Tracking System for Missing and Vulnerbale Children
 Developed adhering to guidelines provided in Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection
of Children) Act, 2000 and Model Rules 2007 & provisions laid down in ICPS.
8. National Creche Scheme
 [Launch] 1 January, 2017
 [History]
 RGNCS (Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme) [2002]
 [Coverage] Pan India coverage. Preference would be given to poor children and
children with special nutritional needs.
 [Funding] Central Sector Scheme in rural and urban areas.
 MWCD will provide 90% of the required funds for all components as per the
norms of the Scheme and the balance 10% will be provided by the NGOs
actually 14 running the crèches at ground level.
 Ideally, number of children in the crèche should be <25. Of these, at least 40
percent of children should, preferably, be below 3 years of age.
 User charges:
a. BPL: ₹20/ child/ month
b. Families with income <12k per month: ₹100
c. Families with income >12k per month: ₹200
 [Beneficiary] Children of 6 months to 6 years, of working women in rural & urban
areas employed for a minimum period of 15 days in a month, or 6 months in a year.
 [Funding] Centre:State:NGO is 60:30:10
9. PMMVY (Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana) Updated providing cash incentive of ₹
5,000/- in three installments directly to the Bank/ Post Office Accounts of Pregnant Women
and Lactating Mothers (PW&LM) in DBT Mode during pregnancy and lactation
 [Launch] 1 January, 2017
 [History] Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY)
 [Launch] 2010
 Conditional Maternity Benefit (CMB) Scheme for P&L mothers of 19 years of age or
above for the first two live births.
 Provides partial wage compensation to women for wage-loss during childbirth &
childcare
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 Was brought under National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 to implement the
provision of cash maternity benefit of ₹6,000 stated in the Act.
[Eligibility & Conditionalities]
 Pregnant women above the age of 19 years for the first two live births.
 All organized sector employees are excluded from the scheme as they are entitled for
paid maternity leave.
 First transfer (at end of second pregnancy trimester) of ₹3,000 requires mother to:
 Register her pregnancy at Anganwadi Center (AWC) within 4 months of
conception
 Attend at least one prenatal care (PNC) session, and take iron folic (IFA) acid
tablets and tetanus toxoid injection (TTI)
 Attend at least one counseling session at AWC or healthcare centre
 Under the revamped PMMVY under Mission Shakti, written consent and the
aadhaar of husband is not a mandatory criteria
[Funding] Centrally Sponsored Scheme
Now covered under Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) programme
[Benefits] Cash incentive of ₹5000 directly in account of Pregnant Women and
Lactating Mothers (PW&LM) for first living child of the family subject to their fulfilling
specific conditions relating to Maternal and Child Health.
In 3 instalments:
To further reduce the compliance burden on the beneficiary, the number of installments
under the scheme has also been reduced from 3 to 2 in the revamped scheme.
Eligible beneficiaries would receive the remaining cash incentives towards maternity
benefit under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) after institutional delivery so that on an
average, a woman will get ₹6000
A beneficiary is eligible to receive benefits under the scheme twice. the maternity
benefit amounting to Rs.6,000/- is also to be provided for the second child, but
only if the second child is a girl child, to discourage pre-birth sex selection and to
promote the girl child.
[Funding] Centrally Sponsored
10. POSHAN ABHIYAAN
 PM’s Overacrching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment
 [Launch] 8 March, 2018 from Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan
 [History] Renamed version of NNM (National Nutrition Mission), 2017
 Support of 16 Ministries
 [AIM] Suposhit Bharat
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 Mission would strive to achieve reduction in Stunting from 38.4% (NFHS-4) to 25%
by 2022 (Mission 25 by 2022).
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Interventions under POSHAN Abhiyaan:
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Based on 4 pillars:
 Ensuring access to quality services across the continuum of care to every woman and
child; particularly during the first 1000 days of the child’s life.
 Ensuring convergence of multiple programs and schemes: ICDS, PMMVY, NHM
(with its sub components such as JSY, MCP card, Anaemia Mukt Bharat, RBSK,
IDCF, Take Home Rations), SBM, National Drinking Water Mission, NRLM etc.
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 Leveraging technology (ICDS-CAS) to empower the frontline worker with near real
time information to ensure prompt and preventive action; rather than reactive one.
 Jan Andolan: Engaging the community in this Mission to ensure that it transcends
the contours of being a mere Government programme into a peoples’ movement
inducing large scale behaviour change.
[Funding] Funded by Government Budgetary Support (50%) & 50% by IBRD.
 60:40, 90:10 (NER/ Himalayan States) and 100% (UTs without legislature)
Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog Chairs the National Council charged with the responsibility
of steering the Abhiyaan.
To ensure effective convergence at state level, the Chief Secretary is required to chair the
Convergence Action Plan (CAP) meeting on quarterly basis
Key Government Initiatives in Nutrition and Allied sectors:
 Jan 2017: PMMVY
 New National Health Policy 2017
 April 2017: Extension of Maternity Leave to 26 weeks
 Pneumococcal vaccine launched
 LaQshya Initiative
POSHAN Maah: September month every year
 The main focus during the month was on five sutras:
 First 1,000 days of a Child
 Diarrhoea Prevention
 Paushtik Aahaar
 WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene), and
 Anaemia Prevention.
POSHAN Pakhwada (8th -22nd March, 2020):
 Fortnight-long campaign held in March with activities like Poshan Melas, Rally on
nutrition at all level, Prabhat Pheree, Session on nutrition at schools, SHG meeting..
 2020 Focus: ‘Men for Nutrition - Increasing Male Engagement in POSHAN Abhiyaan
to Improve Nutritional Indicators’
Poshan Vatika:
 It’s main objective is to ensure supply of nutrition through organically home grown
vegetables and fruits simultaneously ensuring that the soil must also remain healthy.
 Plantation drives for Poshan Vatikas would be taken up by all the stakeholders in
the space available at anganwadis, school premises and gram panchayats.
Poshan Abhiyaan Jan Andolan: Engaging the community in this Mission to ensure that it
transcends the contours of being a mere Government programme into a peoples’ movement
inducing large scale behaviour change.
PARTICIPANTS GROUP:
PRIMARY GROUP: Among whom change is intended
Mothers of young children
Adolescent girls
Pregnant and lactating women
SECONDARY GROUP:
Husbands, father, mothers-in-law
Frontline health workers
Community members, school
teachers, caste leaders, religious leaders, panchayat representatives, sanitation volunteers
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TERTIARY GROUP:
Health facility staff Women’s self-help groups, sanitation committees Training institute staff,
administration officials, health bodies/associations, media, celebrity ambassadors, policy makers
10 Key Themes:
Antenatal checkup, diet of pregnant women, calcium supplementation, institutional delivery &
early initiation of breastfeeding
Optimal breastfeeding
Complementary food and feeding
Full immunization & vitamin A supplementation
Growth monitoring and promotion
Anemia prevention in children, adolescent girls and women– diet, IFA, deworming
Food fortification and micronutrients
Diarrhoea management
Girls education, diet and right age at marriage
Hygiene, sanitation & safe drinking water
3. STEP (Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women)
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[Launch] 1986-87
[Funding] Central Sector Scheme
[AIM] To make significant impact on women (16 years and above) by upgrading their skills for
employment on sustainable basis and income generation for marginalised rural and urban
women especially those in SC/ST households and BPL family.
Grants-in-aid under the STEP programme may be given to an institution having a distinct legal
entity as under:
(a) Institutions or organizations set up as Autonomous Organization under a specific statute
or as a Society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 or Indian Trusts Act, 1882
(Not for profit) or other statutes.
(b) Voluntary Organizations or Non-Government Organizations registered under the Societies
Registration Act, Indian Trust Act carrying out activities which promote the objectives of the
STEP programme, with adequate financial and other resources, credibility and experience of
the type of activities to be undertaken.
(c) Co-operative Societies.
The organization must be in existence at least for 3 years and have carried out activities for
imparting skills related to employability and entrepreneurship during last 3 years. At the time
of filing the application, the organization must have a positive net worth in at least 2 previous
years.
Cost sharing 90% by govt and 10% by institution
Assistance under the STEP Scheme will be available in any sector for imparting skills related
to employability and entrepreneurship as identified by the Ministry of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship (MSDE) including but not limited to the following:
 Agriculture  Horticulture  Food Processing  Handlooms  Traditional crafts like Embroidery,
Zari etc.  Handicrafts  Gems & Jewellery  Travel & Tourism, Hospitality
4. UJJWALA (Comprehensive Scheme for Combating Trafficking)
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[Launch] 2007 revised in 2016
The Scheme has five components— Prevention, Rescue, Rehabilitation, ReIntegration and
Repatriation of trafficked victims for commercial sexual exploitation.
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[Implementing Agency] Social Welfare/Women and Child Welfare Department of State
Government, Women‟s Development Corporations, Women’s Development Centres, Urban
Local Bodies, reputed Public/Private Trust or Voluntary Organizations
The implementing agency has to bear 10% of the project cost.
[Funding pattern] For the release of funds will be shared between Centre, States and
implementing agencies in ratio 60:30:10, 80:10:10 (North Eastern/ Himalayan States) and
90:0:10 (UTs).
The Central Government can incur expenditure not exceed 5% of annual outlay for monitoring
and IEC activities out of which 3.5% for the Central level expenditure and 1.5% for giving nonrecurring GIA to Implementing Agencies for installation of CCTV, computer and accessories to
enable effective monitoring of the Ujjawala Homes by the Ministry.
5. BBBP (Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao)
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[Launch] 22 January, 2015 at Panipat, Haryana
[History]
o First phase: Started in 100 districts where CSR (Child Sex Ratio) was critical
o 2 January, 2016: Extended to another 61 districts.
o 8 March, 2018: Expanded to all districts of the country
[Objectives] To celebrate the girl child and enable her education
o To prevent gender biased sex selective elimination
o To ensure survival and protection of the girl child
o To ensure education and participation of the girl child
[Targets]
o Improve Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) in selected gender critical districts by 2 points in a year
o At least 1.5 % increase per year of Institutional Deliveries
o At least 1% increase per year of 1st Trimester ANC Registration
o Increase enrolment of girls in secondary education to 82% by 2018-19.
o Provide functional toilet for girls in every school in selected districts.
o Improve the Nutrition status of girls - by reducing number of underweight and anemic
girls under 5 years of age
o Ensuring the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex
Selection) Act, 1994.
o Promote a protective environment for Girl Children through implementation of POCSO Act
Tri-ministerial effort: MWCD + MHRD + MoHFW
State Resource Centre for Women (SRCW) under Mahila Shakti Kendra (MSK) scheme to
function as Programme Management Unit (PMU) to provide technical support for BBBP.
Linkages will be explored with corporates to leverage and mobilize resources under Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) in addressing issue on case to case basis.
[Funding] Central Sector Scheme (CSS) – 100% assistance to the District Collectors.
o District Component:
State Component (Under MSK Scheme)
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Sub-Schemes:
o Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
 [Launch] 22 January, 2015
 Small savings scheme under MoF (Finance) and MWCD
 It can be opened by the parents of a girl child below the age of 10.
 Has a tenure of 21 years or until the girl child marries after the age of 18.
 Parents can now open up to two SSY accounts for girls and a third account can be
opened in case of birth of twins/triplets.
 Only one account per girl child
 The minimum annual contribution is ₹250 and maximum of ₹1.5L in a financial year.
 Contributions only need to be made for 15 years.
 Provides tax deduction benefits under Section 80C up to Rs. 1.5 lakh annually
 The girl can also avail partial withdrawal facility (not more than 50% of the balance
in preceding the year of application) after attaining the age of 18 years for higher
education expenses.
 The application form for opening an account shall be accompanied by birth certificate of
the girl child in whose name the account is to be opened, along with required documents
of guardian.
 Interest shall be credited at the end of the financial year.
6. Swadhar Greh
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[Launch] 2015
[History] Swadhar – A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances was launched by the
DWCD in 2001- 02.
Will be set up in every district with capacity of 30 women
[Objectives]
o To cater to the primary need of shelter, food, clothing, medical treatment and care of the
women in distress and who are without any social and economic support.
o To provide them with legal aid.
o To rehabilitate them economically and emotionally.
[Beneficiaries] Women above 18 years of age of the following categories:
o Women who are deserted and are without any social and economic support.
o Women survivors of natural disasters who have been rendered homeless and are without
any social and economic support.
o Trafficked women/girls rescued from brothels or other places where they face exploitation
and Women affected by HIV/AIDS who do not have any social/ economic support.
7. SAKHI – One Stop Centres
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[Launch] 2015
[Eligibility] All women including girls below 18 years of age affected by violence, irrespective
of caste, class, religion, region, sexual orientation or marital status.
[Objectives]
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o To provide integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence, both in
private and public spaces under one roof.
[Services]
o Emergency Response and Rescue Services
o Medical Assistance
o Assistance to women in lodging FIR/ NCR/DIR
o Psycho-social support/ counselling
o Legal aid and counselling + Shelter
o Video Conferencing Facility to record her statement for police/ courts from OSC itself
using audio-video electronic means
SOCIAL AUDIT
[Funding] The Scheme will be funded through Nirbhaya Fund. The Central Government will
provide 100% financial assistance under the Scheme.
8. SHe-Box
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[Launch] 2017
[AIM] The online complaint management system — ‘SHe-box’ (sexual harassment electronic
box) — seeks to ensure “effective implementation” of the Sexual Harassment of Women at
Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.
[Portal] www.shebox.nic.in
9. NARI (National Repository of Information for Women) portal
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[Launch] 2018
[AIM] To provide information on all government schemes for women
The schemes are divided into seven different categories -- education, health, employment,
housing and shelter, addressing violence, decision making and social support.
[Portal] www.nari.nic.in
10. PMMSK (Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra)

In budget speech (2017-18), Finance Minister announced setting up of “Mahila Shakti
Kendra” to provide “one stop convergent support services for empowering rural women with
opportunities for skill development, employment, digital literacy, health and nutrition”.
o [Funding] 60:40 (General); 90:10 (NER/ Himalayan states) & 100% centrally funded (UTs)
o Implementation during 2017-18 upto 2019-20
o 2017-18: MSK will be set up in 50 backward districts out of 115 Aspirational districts.
o 2018-19: Remaining 65 districts along with the 50 districts from previous year
o 2019-20: All 115 backward districts covering 920 blocks (8 blocks/ district) for 6 months.
11. Mahila e-Haat
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[Launch] A bilingual portal on 7th March, 2016
[AIM] Unique direct online marketing platform leveraging technology for supporting women
entrepreneurs/SHGs/ NGOs for showcasing products/ services made/ manufactured/
undertaken by them.
It is an initiative for meeting aspirations and needs of women above 18 years of age.
This exclusive portal is the first in the country to provide a special, focused marketing
platform for women.
The platform has been set up by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government
of India under Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK)
12. Nirbhaya Fund

[Launch] December 2012
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[AIM] Can be utilized for projects specifically designed to improve safety & security of women
It is a non-lapsable corpus fund, being administered by Department of Economic Affairs,
Ministry of Finance.
25.03.2015 ➜ MWCD became the nodal Ministry to appraise/recommend proposals and
schemes to be funded under Nirbhaya Fund.
[Funding] 60:40 for all States
o 90:10 for States with difficult terrains
o 100% for UTs
o Few initiatives are 100% funded
13. GRANT-IN-AID FOR RESEARCH, PUBLICATIONS AND MONITORING:
Grants (and expenditure) under the scheme cover the following categories :
(a) Grants for research (including action research) ;
(b) Grants to individual scholar for research studies ; and
(c) Grants for Workshops/Seminar/Conferences
(d) Grants for monitoring activities
(e) Grants for training of personnel
(f) Grants for promotion of innovative activities
Grant under this category can be made to an institution or a group of institutions for carrying out
a specific research project with one or more scholars directing it. These institutions will include
universities, research institutes, and voluntary organizations, professional associations in the field
of women and child development and similar organizations/agencies which have the capacity to
do research.

Institutions set up and fully funded by Central Government/State Governments/Public
Sector Undertakings will also be eligible.
 The voluntary organization should have 3 (three) years experience after registration.
Non University organizations registered under any statute in India e.g. Societies Act, Trust Act,
Co-operatives Act, Companies Act etc. normally with three years experience after registration
would be eligible for assistance, besides all UGC approved academic institutions engaged in
research activities and scholars, under individual research category.
14. General Grant-in-aid (GIA) Scheme for Assistance to Voluntary
Organisations in the field of Women and Child Development:
The objective of the Scheme is to support innovative voluntary action and initiatives to render
services for women and children.
Project that suggests a new approach to tackle a pressing social problem and services may be
supported under the Scheme
Financial assistance is given up to 90% of the approved cost on recurring and non-recurring
expenditure and the balance of 10% is to be met by the voluntary agency or any other organisation,
but preferable by the voluntary organisation itself.
Interested organisations/NGOs, with experience of at least 2 years, can apply through the State
Govt/UT.
Note: Schemes run under Grant-In-Aid Portal:
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UJJAWLA
NATIONAL CRECHE SCHEME
ONE STOP CENTRE
SWADHAR GREH
ICDS
RESERACH
15. SCHEME FOR INTERNSHIP FOR PG/RESEARCH STUDENTS:
Implemented by NIPCCD (National Institute of Public Cooperation & Child Development)
AIM
 To familiarize the interested and willing PG/Research students with the overall process of
training and research in Women & Child Development schemes and programmes.
 It is neither a job nor any such assurance for a job in NIPCCD or elsewhere.
Internship will be available to Post Graduate (PG) and Research Students during their holidays,
who are willing to have an exposure/familiarization to overall processes involved in the child
development, women development, ICDS training, voluntary action & counselling.
Details:

Duration of internship will not be exceeding a period of 2 months.

The interns would be attached with any of the Additional/Joint Director incharge of
specialized Divisions e.g. Child Development, Women Development, Training, Public
Cooperation and Regional Directors in charge of NIPCCD Regional Centres located at
Bengaluru, Guwahati, Lucknow, Indore and Mohali.

Honorarium of @ Rs.2500/- per month for a post graduate student and @ Rs.5000/ for a
Ph.D. student for maximum of ten students in a financial year, for a period not exceeding
2 months, will be payable at the end for local transport and other contingency for their
contribution in Institute's work.
E-baalnidan is an online Complaint Management System for lodging complaints related
to any violation of child rights under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights
(CPCR) Act, 2005, with the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR).
The complainant is informed about the action being taken on his/her complaint through
the email/SMS and also can view the latest status of complaint by accessing the
eBaalnidan. Identity of complainant is kept confidential.
Khoya-Paya is an online mechanism provided by Ministry of Women and Child
Development to enable providing of maximum and accurate information about missing
children to raise the probability of finding them.
E-Samvaad Portal: It is a platform for NGOs and civil society to interact with the Ministry
of Women and Child Development (MWCD) by providing their feedback, suggestions, put
up grievances, share best practices etc.
Nari Shakti Puruskars”- National Award:
 Launched in 2015
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Every Year, Ministry of Women & Child Development on International Women Day
on 8th March.

The award would be given to eminent or outstanding Institutions or organizations
and individuals. With the institution of these awards all the earlier women awards
given by the Ministry of Women & Child Development ceased to exist.

20 Nari Shakti Puruskars shall be conferred every year. Cash award of two lakh
Rupees each and a certificate.
Eligibility Criteria:
 The Puruskars are open to all Indian Institutions, organisations and individuals
without any distinction or discrimination on ground of race, caste or creed.

In case of Individual category, the awardee must be above 25 years of age on 1st
January of the year for which the award is to be given. The applicant should have
worked in the relevant field for at least last 5 years. She should not have been a
recipient earlier of the award (including Stree Shakti Puruskars).
Sakhi dashboard is an online platform for the functionaries of One Stop Centres (OSCs) and
Women Help Lines (WHLs) to populate and view various important information about the cases of
violence affected women coming to them, as well as about their establishments.
Mission Vatsalya (updated) Children have been recognized by policy makers as one of the
supreme national assets. India is home to 472 million children upto the age of 18 years and
comprise 39 percent of the country’s population. The objective of Mission Vatsalya is to secure a
healthy and happy childhood for every child in India; foster a sensitive, supportive and
synchronized ecosystem for development of children; assist States/UTs in delivering the mandate
of the Juvenile Justice Act 2015; achieve the SDG goals.

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Components under Mission Vatsalya will include statutory bodies; service delivery structures;
institutional care/services; non-institutional community based care; emergency outreach
services; training and capacity building.
Mission Vatsalya has a total financial implication of Rs 10916 Crore, with a Central Share of
Rs 6928 and State share of Rs 3988.
Components under Mission Vatsalya:
1. CARINGS: Child Adoption Resource Information & Guidance System (CARINGS) is an online
platform, building bridges and creating links through a robust web-based management system
designed to bring transparency in the adoption system and also curtailing delays at various level
by CARA (Central Adoption Resource Authority)
2. ICPS (Integrated Child Protection Scheme): Discussed above
3. TrackChild TrackChild portal has been designed and developed adhering to the guidelines
provided in the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and Model Rules 2007
and the provisions laid down in the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS). One of the tasks
entrusted under ICPS to the State Governments is the setting up of a child tracking system which
will facilitate data entry and matching of missing and found children, and also enable follow up of
the progress of children who are beneficiaries of the Scheme.
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4. Khoya-Paya is an online mechanism provided by Ministry of Women and Child
Development to enable providing of maximum and accurate information about missing
children to raise the probability of finding them.
Mission POSHAN 2.0(updated)

It is an Integrated Nutrition Support Programme.

It aims to address the challenges of malnutrition in children, adolescent girls,
pregnant women and lactating mothers.

The objective is to optimize the quality and delivery of the Supplementary Nutrition
Program.

It also focuses on Maternal Nutrition, Infant and Young Child Feeding Norms,
Wellness through AYUSH, etc.

It will rest on the pillars of Convergence, Governance, and Capacity-building.

Poshan Abhiyan will be the key pillar for Outreach and will cover innovations related
to nutritional support, ICT interventions, Media Advocacy and Research,
Community Outreach and Jan Andolan.
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The Mission will integrate several key strategies to fulfil its objectives;
o
Corrective strategies
o
Nutrition Awareness strategies
o
Communication strategies and Creation of green eco-systems.
Digital infrastructure under the “Poshan Tracker” will strengthen and bring about
transparency in nutrition delivery support systems. Poshan Tracker is being
leveraged for (i) dynamic identification of stunting, wasting, under-weight prevalence
among children; (ii) last mile tracking of nutrition service delivery. The Poshan Tracker
management application provides a 360 - degree view of the activities of the Anganwadi
Centre (AWC), service deliveries of Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and complete beneficiary
management

Schemes under Mission POSHAN 2.0
o
ICDS-Anganwadi Services
o
Poshan Abhiyan
o
Scheme for Adolescent Girls
o
National Creche Scheme:
Mission POSHAN 2.0 including Poshan Abhiyaan has a total financial implication
of ₹1,81,703 crore, comprising₹1,02,031 crore as Central share and ₹79,672 crore as State
share. The total cost under Mission Poshan 2.0 has been calculated on the basis of cost sharing
ratio between the Central and States/UTs, as approved by Government i.e., 60:40 for States and
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UTs with legislature, 90:10 for NER & Himalayan States and UT of J&K and 100% for Union
Territories without legislature.
The Scheme for Adolescent Girls has been subsumed under Saksham Anganwadi & Mission
Poshan 2.0. As adolescent girls in the age group 11-14 years are covered under Right to Education
Act, 2009, the targeted beneficiaries under the revised scheme are adolescent girls in the age group
of 14+ to 18 years in Aspirational Districts and North Eastern States
Mission Shakti (new) envisages a unified citizen-centric lifecycle support for women through
integrated care, safety, protection, rehabilitation and empowerment to unshackle women as they
progress through various stages of their life. Mission Shakti has two subschemes ‘Sambal’ and ‘Samarthya’.
While the “Sambal” sub-scheme is for safety and security of women, the “Samarthya” sub-scheme
is for empowerment of women.
The Sambal sub-scheme consists of the existing scheme of One Stop Centres (OSC), Women
Helplines (181-WHL) and BetiBachaoBetiPadhao (BBBP). Besides, a new component of Nari
Adalats has been added as women’s collectives to promote and facilitate alternative dispute
resolution and gender justice in society and within families.
The “Samarthya'' sub scheme is for empowerment of women, consisting of existing schemes of
Ujjwala, SwadharGreh and Working Women Hostel. In addition, the National Creche Scheme for
children of working mothers and the Pradhan Mantri Matru VandanaYojana (PMMVY), which have
been under the Umbrella ICDS Scheme till now, are also subsumed in ‘Samarthya’.
Mission Shakti has a total financial implicationof Rs 20989 Crore, with a Central Share of
Rs 15761 Cr and State share of Rs 5228 Cr. The sub-scheme of ‘Sambal’ will be implemented
as Centrally Sponsored scheme with 100% central funding from Nirbhaya Fund/ MWCD
budget with provision for direct release of funds to the District Collector or the concerned
Directorate/Commissionerate in State/ UT. The sub-scheme ‘Samarthya’ will be implemented
as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with funding ratio of 60:40 between Centre and State
Governments / UTs with legislature, except North East & Special Category States / UTs with
legislature where the fund ratio will be 90:10. For UTs without legislature, 100% funding will
be provided by the Central Government.
All 3 Mission Poshan 2.0, Mission Shakti and Mission Vatsalya will be implemented during
the 15th Finance Commission period 2021-22 to 2025-26.
women and children constitutes 67.7% of India’s population.
PM CARES for Children Scheme:
To ensure comprehensive care and protection of children who have lost their parent(s) to COVID
pandemic, in a sustained manner, enable their wellbeing through health insurance, empower them
through education and equip them for self-sufficient existence with financial support on reaching
23 years of age.
The PM CARES for children scheme inter alia provides support to these children through
convergent approach, gap funding for ensuring education, health, monthly stipend from the age
of 18 years, and lump sum amount of Rs. 10 lakh on attaining 23 years of age.
The eligible children shall be enrolled from 29.05.2021 (date of announcement of Hon’ble PM) to
31.12.2021(now extended up to 28th February, 2022) to avail benefits of PM CARES for Children
Scheme. The Scheme is expected to continue till the year when every identified beneficiary shall
turn 23 years of age.
The scheme is accessible through the online portal https://pmcaresforchildren.in .
Eligibility: All children who have lost
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i) Both parents or
ii) Surviving parent or
iii) legal guardian/adoptive parents/single adoptive parent due to COVID 19 pandemic, starting
from 11.03.2020 the date on which WHO has declared and characterized COVID-19 as pandemic
till 31.12.2021, shall be entitled to benefits under this scheme.
iv) Child should not have completed 18 years of age on the date of death of parents
Efforts will be made by the District Magistrate with the assistance of Child Welfare Committee
(CWC) to explore the possibility of rehabilitating the child within her/his extended family, relatives,
kith, or kin.
If the extended family, relatives, kith or kin of the child are not available/not willing/not found fit
by CWC or the child (aged 4 -10 years or above) is not willing to live with them, the child should
be placed in foster care, after due diligence as prescribed under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015
and rules made thereof as amended from time to time.
Health Insurance: All children will be enrolled as a beneficiary under Ayushman Bharat Scheme
(PM-JAY) with a health insurance cover of Rs. 5 lakhs.
Assistance for Pre-school and School Education:
For children below 6 years of age Identified beneficiaries will receive support and assistance
from the Anganwadi services for supplementary nutrition, pre-school education/ ECCE,
immunization, health referrals, and health check-up.
For children below 10 years of age: Admission shall be provided in any nearest school as a day
scholar i.e. Government/ Government aided School/ Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs)/ Private Schools.
In private schools, tuition fees shall be exempted under section 12(1)(c) of RTE Act.
For children between 11-18 years of age
 If the child is living with the extended family, then admission in the nearest Government/
Government aided School/ Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs)/ Private Schools as a day scholar
may be ensured by the DM.
 The child may be enrolled in Netaji Subhash Chand Bose Awasiya Vidyalaya/ Kasturba
Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya/ Eklavya Model Schools/Sainik School/ Navodaya Vidyalaya/ or
any other residential school, by the DM, subject to the respective scheme guidelines.
 Under circumstances where child is unable to receive above benefits, the fees, as per the
RTE norms, will be given from the PM CARES for Children scheme. The scheme will also
pay for expenditure on uniform, textbooks, and notebooks. A matrix of such entitlements
is detailed out in the detailed annexure.
Assistance for Higher Education:
 The child will be assisted in obtaining education loan for Professional courses /Higher
Education in India
 Under circumstances where beneficiary is unable to avail interest exemption from extant
Central and State Government scheme, then the interest on the educational loan will be
paid from PM CARES for Children Scheme.
Wheat Based Nutrition Programme (WBNP): Under the Wheat Based Nutrition Programme
(WBNP), foodgrains, viz., wheat, rice and other coarse grains are allocated at subsidized rates
under NFSA to the States/UTs through the Department of Food & Public Distribution (Ministry of
Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution), for preparation of supplementary food under
Anganwadi Services.
Fortified Rice in lieu of standard rice has been allocated to all States/UTs from the 2nd quarter of
FY 2021-22 under WBNP to help in fighting malnutrition and anaemia in women and children
arising due to deficiency of micronutrients like Iron, Folic Acid and Vitamin B-12.
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Autonomous organisations under MWCD
1. NIPCCD (National Institute of Public Cooperation & Child Development) New Delhi
o [Set up] 1966
o Provides training to functionaries under ICDS & ICPS
2. NCW (National Commission for Women)
o [Set up] 1992
o To review constitutional & legal safeguards for women; recommend remedial legislative
measures; facilitate grievance redressal and advise the Government on policy matters
affecting women.
3. NCPCR (National Commission for Protection of Child Rights)
o [Set up] March 2007
o To ensure all laws, policies, programmes and administrative mechanisms are in
consonance with Child Rights as enshrined in the Constitution and UN Convention on
Rights of Child (covers 0-18 age group)
4. CARA (Central Adoption Resource Authority)
o Nodal body for adoption of Indian children and is mandated to monitor and regulate incountry and inter-country adoptions.
5. CSWB (Central Social Welfare Board)
o [Set up] 1953
o For promoting social welfare activities and implementing welfare programmes for Women
and children through voluntary organisations.
6. RMK (Rashtriya Mahila Kosh)
o [Set up] 1993
o For socio-economic development of women
o Provides loans to NGO ➜ MFIs termed as Intermediary Organisations (IMO) which on-lend
to SHGs.
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR WOMEN
The Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013:
 It was enacted to ensure safe working spaces for women and to build an enabling
environment that respects women’s right of equality of status and opportunity.

The Act covers all women, irrespective of their age or employment status and protects them
against sexual harassment at all workplaces whether organised or unorganised. Students,
apprentices, laborers, domestic workers and even women visiting an office or a workplace
are included in the Act.

In order to ensure the effective implementation of the Act, the Ministry has developed
anonline complaint management system titled Sexual Harassment electronic–Box
(SHeBox), which provides an online platform to every woman, irrespective of her work
status, whether working in organised or unorganised, private or public sector for
registration of complaints related to sexual harassment at workplace.

Every employer must constitute an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) at each office or
branch with 10 or more employees.
Time-frame – The complaint has to be made “within 3 months from the date of the
incident”. For a series of incidents, it has to be made within three months from the date of
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the last incident. However, this time-frame is not rigid as the ICC can “extend the time
limit”, if it is satisfied that the circumstances were such which prevented the woman from
filing a complaint in that period.
An inquiry by ICC has to be completed within 90 days.
After the recommendations, the aggrieved woman or the respondent can appeal in court
within 90 days.
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Punishment: maximum punishment of 1 year in jail with fine.
Sexual harassment is any one or more of “unwelcome acts or behaviour”, committed directly
or by implication. They include:
o Physical contact & advances
o A demand or request for sexual favours
o Sexually coloured remarks
o Showing pornography
o Any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non-verbal conduct of sexual nature
The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 has been enacted to punish those who promote,
perform and abet child marriages.

This Act replaced the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 which was enacted during the British
era.

The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act presently allows for child marriages, between a boy of
under 21 years and a girl under 18 years of age.

It defines a child to mean a male below 21 years and female below 18 years.

A male adult above 18 years of age, contracts a child marriage (Women below 18 years) shall
be punishable with punishments of rigorous imprisonment for two years and/ or fine of Rs. 1
lakh or both.

Parent or guardian shall be punishable with punishments of rigorous imprisonment for two
years and/ or fine of Rs. 1 lakh or both.
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), 2005:

Includes physical and mental ill-treatment.

Primarily meant for the protection of wife or female live-in partners.

Harassment in the form of dowry demands also included in this law.

Gives women right to secure housing.

Court can also issue protection orders that prevent the abuser to harass the women by acts at
her workplace.

Act proposes appointment of protection officers and NGOs.

Against whom can a complaint be filed?
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Any adult male member who has been in a domestic relationship with the woman
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Relatives of the husband or the male partner
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Includes both male and female relatives of the male partner
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Information may be given arid complaint can be made to a police officer/Protection
Officer/Service provider (an NGO) or Magistrate.
The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961:
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This Act extends to the whole of India.

This Act prohibits the practice of giving or taking of dowry by either party to a marriage. This
law also punishes demanding and advertising dowry.

Asking or giving of dowry can be punished by an imprisonment of up to six months, a fine of
up to Rs. 15000 or the amount of dowry (whichever is higher), or imprisonment up to 5 years.

The more serious crimes in relation to dowry such as dowry death and cruelty from dowry
demands are punishable under the general law on crimes – the Indian Penal Code, 1860.
The Indecent Representation of Women Act, 1986 (amended in 2012):

The act defines “the depiction in any manner of the figure of a woman; her form or body or any
part thereof in such way as to have the effect of being indecent, or derogatory to, or denigrating
women, or is likely to deprive, corrupt or injure the public morality or morals through
advertisement or in publications, writings, paintings, figures, digital form, print media, audio,
video form or in any other manner.
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Punishment:
o
First Conviction - three years of imprisonment and fine of between Rs.50,000 to
Rs.1,00,000
o
Second Conviction imprisonment of not less than two years, but which may extend
to seven years, and a fine between Rs.1,00,000 to Rs.5,00,000
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012

The POCSO Act, 2012 was enacted to Protect the Children from Offences of Sexual Assault,
Sexual harassment and pornography with due regard for safeguarding the interest and wellbeing of children.

The Act defines a child as any person below eighteen years of age, and regards the best
interests and welfare of the child as matter of paramount importance at every stage, to ensure
the healthy physical, emotional, intellectual and social development of the child.

The Act defines different forms of sexual abuse, including penetrative and non
penetrative assault, as well as sexual harassment and pornography.

The Act deems a sexual assault to be “aggravated” under certain circumstances, such
as when the abused child is mentally ill or when the abuse is committed by a person in
a position of trust or authority like a family member, police officer, teacher, or doctor.
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The Act also casts the police in the role of child protectors during the investigative process.
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The act mandates that investigation in the cases is to be completed in two months (from the
date of registration of FIR) and trial in six months.
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The Act defines a child as any person below eighteen years of age.
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POCSO states a sexual assault is to be considered aggravated if –
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The abused child is mentally ill or,
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When the abuse is committed by
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A member of the armed forces or Security forces
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A public servant
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A person in a position of trust or authority of the child, like a family member, police
officer, teacher, or doctor or a person-management or staff of a hospital, whether
Government or private.
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It prescribes rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but
which may extend to imprisonment for life and also fine as punishment for aggravated
penetrative sexual assault.
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It also makes provisions for avoiding the re-victimization of the child at the hands of the
judicial system
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The Act also makes it mandatory to report such cases. It makes it the legal duty of a person
aware of the offence to report the sexual abuse. In case he fails to do so, the person can be
punished with six months imprisonment or a fine.

The Act also provides for punishment against false complaints or untrue information.

It also prescribes punishment to the people who traffic children for sexual purposes.

if a person commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below the age of 16 years, he will
be punishable with imprisonment between 20 years to life, with a fine.

Under POCSO, the consent of a person under the age of 18 is irrelevant, regardless of the
nature and circumstance of the sexual interaction, or the particulars of the person with whom
it takes place. This means that any sex with a minor is rape.
POCSO e-Box

Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) e-Box launched in 2016 is an online
complaint box for reporting child sexual abuse.

It is an National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) initiative to help
children report such crimes directly to the Commission.

The online complaint management system enables easy reporting and timely action
against the offenders under the POCSO Act, 2012.

E-Box is very simple to operate and will help to maintain the confidentiality of the complaint.
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015:
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The Juvenile Justice Act 2000 (JJ act), amended in 2015 with a provision allowing for
Children in Conflict with Law (CCL) to be tried as adults under certain circumstances.
It defines a child as someone who is under age 18.
For a CCL, age on the date of the offence is the basis for determining whether he or she
was a child or an adult.
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The amended Act distinguishes children in the age group 16-18 as a category which can
be tried as adults if they are alleged to have committed a heinous offence.
Heinous offence (Here) – One that attracts a minimum punishment of 7 years.
The Act does not make it mandatory for all children in this age group to be tried as an adult.
It mandates setting up Juvenile Justice Boards and Child Welfare Committees in every
district. Both must have at least one woman member each
Also, the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) was granted the status of a
statutory body to enable it to perform its function more effectively.
The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005: The Hindu Succession Act 1956 was amended
in 2005, allowing daughters an equal share in ancestral property.
History:
Patrilineal Hindu law was divided into two schools, the Dayabhaga and Mitakshra. Dayabhaga
prevails in West Bengal, Assam, Tripura and in most parts of Orissa whereas Mitakshara is
followed in the rest of India.
According to the Mitakshara law, In the Mitakshara School, the allocation of parental property
is based on the rule of possession by birth. Moreover, a man can leave his self-acquired property
in his will. The joint family property goes to the group known as coparceners. There are the people
who belong to the next three generations.
Hence, the joint family property by partition can be, at any time, converted into a separate
property. Therefore in Mitakshara School, sons have an exclusive right by birth in the joint family
property.
A female cannot be a member of Mitakshara coparcenary i.e. by birth she has no right in the joint
family property
Under the Dayabhaga law: the son has no automatic ownership right by birth but acquires it on
the demise of his father. Under Dayabhaga School when the father is alive the sons do not have
coparcenary rights but acquire it on the death of the father.
The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005:
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The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 (39 of 2005) came into force from 9th
September, 2005. the Amendment Act removes gender discriminatory provisions in the
Hindu Succession Act, 1956 and gives the following rights to daughters
o The daughter of a coparcener shall by birth become a coparcener in her own right in
the same manner as the son;
o The daughter has the same rights in the coparcenary property as she would have
had if she had been a son;
o The daughter shall be subject to the same liability in the said coparcenary property
as that of a son;
o The daughter is allotted the same share as is allotted to a son;
A married daughter has no right to shelter in her parents’ house, nor maintenance, charge
for her being passed on to her husband. However, a married daughter has a right of
residence if she is deserted, divorced or widowed.
Earlier, once a daughter was married, she ceased to be part of her father's HUF. But on
September 9, 2005, the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, which governs the devolution of
property among Hindus, was amended. According to Hindu Succession Amendment Act,
2005, every daughter, whether married or unmarried, is considered a member of her father's
HUF and can even be appointed as 'karta' (who manages) of his HUF property.
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1. If property is ancestral: Under the Hindu law, property is divided into two types: ancestral
and self-acquired. Ancestral property is defined as one that is inherited up to four generations of
male lineage. Before 2005, only sons had a share in such property. After The Hindu Succession
(Amendment) Act, 2005. The daughter of a coparcener shall by birth become a coparcener in
Ancestral property in the same manner as the son. So, by law, a father cannot will such property
to anyone he wants to, or deprive a daughter of her share in it. By birth, a daughter has a share
in the ancestral property.
2. If father dies intestate: If the father dies intestate, that is, without leaving a will, all legal heirs
have an equal right to the property. The Hindu Succession Act categorises a male’s heirs into four
classes and the inheritable property goes first to Class I heirs. These include the widow, daughters
and sons, among others. Each heir is entitled to one part of the property, which means that as a
daughter you have a right to a share in your father’s property.
3. If daughter is married: Before 2005, the Hindu Succession Act considered daughters only as
members of the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF), not coparceners. However, once the daughter was
married, she was no longer considered a member of the HUF. After the 2005 amendment, the
daughter has been recognised as a coparcener and her marital status makes no difference to her
right over the father’s property.
4. If daughter was born or father died before 2005: It does not matter if the daughter was born
before or after 9 September 2005, when the amendment to the Act was carried out. She will have
the same rights as a son to the father’s property, be it ancestral or self-acquired, irrespective of
her date of birth. If father died before 2005, she still will have right over the ancestral property,
and self-acquired property will be distributed as per the father’s will.
5. If property has been self-acquired by father: In the case of a self-acquired property, that is,
where a father has bought a piece of land or house with his own money, a daughter is on weaker
ground. The father, in this case, has the right to gift the property or will it to anyone he wants,
and a daughter will not be able to raise an objection.
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