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THE LIFE AND WORK OF PABLO PICASSO-АнаМарија Мишачковска III-4

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СОУ гимназија „Јосип Броз Тито„-Битола
Art is everywhere around us. It’s in nature, it’s in people, in paintings. You can find it in every
little thing, every story, everything you see, you hear, touch and feel. It’s everything we choose to
get inspired by. I’ve always had a fascination for it, admired it since the first day I understood what
the word meant. People that created it were my first idols. I wanted to be just like them when I
grow up. So I followed their stories, studied their lives, and was intrigued by the life paths that
lead them to where I aim to be in life. One of those stories is the following. A man that lit a spark
in my eyes, brought feelings of confusion and fascination, all at the same time. The story of Pablo
Picasso. I always wanted to be a “Picasso”. Go down the path and journey of a man so ingenius,
he took the world, broke it apart, put it back together and reshaped it- quite literally. I wanted to
see through the prism he used to see the world from. All deformed and shattered. But yet still so
beautiful. I wanted to be full of joy just as he was when he held a paint brush in his hand.
Understand life the way he did. Reach inner peace and make everything so simple. Be adaptable
and always crave change. Explore and experiment. Be as passionate as he was, especially towards
art, the real love of his life. Keep the soul youthful and feed it some more art. Bring color to every
canvas, light up every room. But also bring confusion to people. Make them question what they
see, yet still find beauty in it. Make them feel things that they otherwise wouldn’t be able to feel.
I wanted to learn the way he escaped the norm and made everything his own. Learn how to be
clumsy and turn to primitivism. Learn to be professional yet still color outside of the lines. Most
of all I wanted to find and build my own understanding and meaning of his art. Not learn what the
world had labeled it as. But rather try to understand it my way, find what it represents to me and
what feeling it brings up when I look at it. Because I firstly learned that art is very personal and
intimate. And it takes a lot, for just a few to realize that this is what this man was doing all along.
This is the reason he colored outside the lines. Why he was the creator of something nonexistent.
That was the beauty of it. He was a creator- that’s what made him a god. He had the ability to build
from scratch. There was no need for someone else to understand what he was doing, because he
knew it himself. He found it harder to learn how to paint like a child, because when he was a child
himself, he painted like Raphael. But it’s never the skill that is interesting, as much as the colorful
and creative mind is and what pours out of it. An interesting mind to look inside of, with an even
more interesting story. A storm, a rollercoaster of blues and colors, smooth and crooked lines. A
captivating journey that leads to never ending legacy. This is the story of Pablo Ruiz Picasso…
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
СОУ гимназија „Јосип Броз Тито„-Битола
The curtains were down, it was one sad morning in April 1973. At the time of his death, at 91 years
of age, he had already became one of the most influential artists of all times, and the twentieth
century. An extraordinary man, famous for his many talents: painter, sculptor, scenographer, a
poett, a womanizer, and a genius- some of the many attributes in line. He became the symbol for
the new era of cubism. He gave a new shape to the female body, reaching total abstraction. But
what makes this artistic genius stand out so much, what makes him so special, and how can we try
to understand his complex character and unusual work?
Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga- Spain, on the 25th.october 1881. He was the eldest son of Jose
Ruiz Blasco and Maria Picasso Lopez. His real name consists of 23 words, because of his religious
family. His baptismal name was Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Maria de Los Remedios
Cipriano de La Santisima Trinidad. The Ruiz-Picasso family belonged to the traditional
Andalusian middle class in Malaga. A sleepy city on the sunny southern coast of Spain. Pablo
grew up in the heart of the old town at number 36, plaza de La Marcad, in the family’s pleasant
apartment. Being the eldest, he was the center of family life since his earliest years. He was
pampered by his mother, and admired by his two younger sisters Lola and Conception. The first
thing that struck his family was the intensity of his gaze. He was already a confident little person,
and also a charmer. Throughout his childhood, he grew up admiring his father, who was a crucial
role model to him. He wanted to follow in his footsteps when he grows up. Don Jose Ruiz, his
father, was an art teacher, and not a very successful artist, unlike his son. His son was so good, that
he had already surpassed him with his skills just at the age of thirteen years old, which resulted
with Ruiz quitting his job as a painter. He realized that he had failed as a painter, when one day he
asked his son who was only eleven years old to finish a pigeon on his painting. The young boy did
finish the task and the result was remarkable. Now, the teacher and the pupil were on the same
level in their craft, so Jose gave his palette, brushes and paint to his son. Pablo spent his time in
his father’s studio just looking at the paint and the brushes. He would spend hours watching his
father paint on canvases. Young Pablo (pic.1) knew how to draw, even before he learned how to
speak. Drawing became his life’s passion. From the age of five he started drawing compulsively,
anywhere and on anything. He only agreed to go to school on one condition- that he was allowed
to draw. His first word was the word “pencil” in Spanish.
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He actually began his life as Pablo Ruiz-his father’s last name. But since a very young age he
replaced it with his mother’s last name- Picasso, which we can see in some of his earliest sketches
(pic.2)(pic.3). He couldn’t imagine himself as Ruiz. That was a very common surname in Spain,
while the one of his mother was perfect for him. It contained the word “Pica”, or piccador – the
name of the horse riders in the bull fights that Picasso was fascinated by. So fascinated that he
chose those fights as a motive in his earliest paintings that he had painted at just 8 years old (pic.4).
He got his first form of education from his father, which had seen the potential in Pablo and wanted
to build something great out of him.
So the whole family moved to Barcelona, where the young teenager got his first academic
education. But by the end of the year he had nothing left to learn since he became that good, in
fact better than anyone else. Despite being the youngest, he dominated everyone. He was also
respected for being able to absorb every style. At just fifteen, he made his first official painting for
an exhibition, with which he had to prove himself. This had never happened before in such an
exhibition, the presence of an extraordinary painting created by a fifteen year old. For the painting,
he chose the subject together with his father. Jose’s face was also present in the art, which was
pretty much in his style. (pic.6) Don Jose wanted to make a world known classical painter out of
young Pablo after realizing the young boy had an amazing talent, so he brought him to Madrid
where he introduces him to some of the most famous world artist like Verlasques, hoping that this
journey will be eye-opening for the upcoming prodigy. Here he got a really high quality art
education, but he was never satisfied with that classical style of painting, which he mastered at just
16 years old (pic5.). This is the reason he moves to Barcelona again. This is the place where he
finds himself in circles of prestige artists, poets and musicians that always keep him company.
Here he meets one of his life-long friends Carlos Casagemas (pic.7), who becomes his best friend.
Here he lives without his parents, really low on money because his father cut out his allowance.
But being low on money, he has no choice but to move back in with his parents, back in Malaga.
His father is not very proud of him, he is not turning out like the person he planned on building
up.
In 1900 together with Casagemas, he moves to Paris, somewhere around his 19th birthday (pic.8).
Paris- the perfect place for every young ambitious artist. The atmosphere he felt in the French
capital was truly indescribable. This was where modern art was happening, and Pablo was seeking
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for something new. The day he moved to Paris was the day he turned his back on everything his
father wanted to make out of him. Even though he was very famous in Spain, he was unknown in
the capital of arts. He didn’t speak a word in French and found it very hard to learn. But he wasn’t
intimidated. He had an overwhelming ambition to become the greatest artist of all time. With his
extraordinary abilities, he was soon to become the most successful in his career as an artist
conquering all styles of art. Many of his paintings from this period are just a reflection of this crazy
Parisian life he was living there- a real hedonist (pic.9).He drowned himself in the arms of Parisian
prostitutes and became intoxicated on the great spirit of partying. He paid for love and easily got
addicted. Since his first contact with the woman body, he developed a sort of fascination for
physical love. His work becomes erotic all of a sudden, and that element never leaves his canvases.
And Paris was full of young women, which volunteered to pose for artists like him. One of these
girls, was also just a platonic love for his best friend, a laundry girl who also often posed for artists.
But since that was only platonic, she left him, and Casagemas slowly sank in the arms of
alcoholism. This love triangle ended in tragedy. Casagemas was never aware that this woman was
in love with his friend. But Picasso stood away from it, because he had so much respect for his
best friend. One night as he was sitting in a famous bar that they usually visited with two of his
friends, Carlos suddenly takes out a revolver while drunk and shoots in his own head (pic10). He
says that if he can’t have the woman he is madly in love with, then his life is not worth living.
That year, 1901, pain had settled in to Pablo’s life and paintings.The paintings he did were not
just images of dead bodies, specifically his friend’s dead body. He was mourning for Carlos, he
had never created such intimate pieces before. Life was entirely drained from all of his work, and
he put a focus on the color blue (pic.11). Blues for the fragility of life, blues for sadness and cold,
blues for death (pic.12).A period also known as „The blue period”. Up until 1905, he painted
everything he felt. He was the one that set up the color blue as the color of sadness and melancholy.
Two years after this tragedy he had finished his famous painting called „Life” (pic.13) featuring
the face of his best friend that had passed away, just like in many other paintings. His face haunted
him and sort of became an obsession. This paintings represents his friend and the woman he loved,
after having a child. It shows what could have happened and sort of shows guilt and regret for the
life that ended so soon and in tragedy. After he finished this composition, he was ready to close
the darkest chapter of his life.
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The blues for Picasso ended when he found his new home in Mon Martre (pic.14). The place
where he created most of his masterpieces. He returned so he can start heading the right way in his
career, and finally become what he promised to be. Here, he finds new love that caught his eye - a
woman called Fernande (pic.15), which marks the beginning of his new era „The pink period”.
She was a professional model, and they were also the same age. Colors returned when they started
living together in his chaotic studio. Sunlight begins to shine into Picasso’s art. The young couple
was surrounded by a new circle of friends, all artists from the middle and upper classes. Picasso
started gaining recognition and he was headed the right way. He had never been so confident and
happy. He would usually lock himself up in his studio together with Fernande, where under the
influence of drugs, he would create his work and together create a fantasy. The most common
figures that appeared in these paintings were people from the circus (pic.16), in which he was very
interested. Even the faces of the acrobats he painted were people he recognized. This style of
painting was revolutionary and even some of his most valuable paintings belong to this period. His
transitions were big- from bright circus colors to nudity-just like in his painting „Boy leading a
horse”. (pic.17) Picasso makes these transitions and this is the moment that is considered the
culmination between the art of the past and modern art.
One day as he glanced at a scandalous image of naked women surrounding a Turkish bath, he
was inspired and made a big transformation with his style. He deconstructed the composition and
created something extravagant and unusual. He turned to primitivism of the Spanish art and the
very beginnings, he took everything to basics, learned how to become clumsy again, only focusing
on the basic elements of art. He wanted to create a piece that was unseen before. He began painting
what he felt, instead of painting what he saw. He isolated himself in his studio and thanks to the
sketches later found in his apartment, we find out about the long process that lasted for about 9
months and brought him to create one of his most famous masterpieces „The young ladies of
Avignon”. (pic.18) Picasso called it his first exorcism painting. It’s a style known to everyone,
recognizable at a glance. This picture painted a hundred years ago looked like nothing that had
ever been painted, and was to change art forever. It is now considered the starting point of modern
art. A strange composition of naked prostitutes, all distorted and demolished, just like shattered
glass. Looking possessed and evil, with faces of fear. Their faces were inspired by traditional
Spanish masks, which kept making appearances in his paintings later on. Nobody understood this
picture at that time. But he continued to develop this style which slowly brought him to cubism,
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
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that started in 1907. But why? Why would he create such images when at just 16 he already proved
to the world what he was capable of doing? He lived at a time where technology was developing
rapidly, to be exact- a time when cameras and photography were born. He loved photography,
even he, himself was a good photographer.He loved taking pictures of everything, he found it
fascinating the way everything is captured. He often photographed himself next to his artwork. It
was amazing how well he knew how to work with a camera. He understood how it’s built and
knew exactly what the photographer was looking at, so he always knew where to look and how to
act in front of the lens. He never looked bad in a photograph. When he was photographed he always
acted as if there was no one in the room. He was a true actor. But he began to think and overthink,
one evening under the influence of hashish, about how he wanted to kill himself, because the
existence of this new technology automatically made his work way less valuable, even worthless.
Painting makes no sense now and all that loses meaning, when reality can just be captured with
the press of a button. There was no need for capturing detail, even less capturing the moment. This
is why he decided he had to bring art to e whole new level together with George Braqcue. Before
inventing this new art style, to find inspiration he decided to leave Paris and travel back to
Barcelona. He was traveling through deserted lands, and the copper soil inspired him to inject these
colors in his upcoming style. The nude tones of this Spanish landscape became his signature. When
he was traveling with Fernande he captured beautiful photographs of a landscape of houses, which
he deformed, gave them volume and a whole new dimension (pic.19). He studies the figure as the
surgeon dissects a corpse. That’s when he realized how far he could go, so he started to give every
object, a sort of feel that you are looking at it from every perspective at the same time (pic.20). He
began to deconstruct and reorganize everything, giving it a structure built of geometric shapes
(pic.21). Bodies started to represent ancient Iberian sculpture. This is cubism, a style that the two
artists began to take further and further. “To paint means to destroy”- Picasso once said. Besides
the influence it had in art, cubism was and still is a big influence in architecture, design, fashion
and many other fields. Focusing only on his job, he didn’t have as much time for his girlfriend
anymore, and a new one enters his life, and her name was Eva Guel.
At the beginning of the First World War many artists were called in the army, but that wasn’t the
case with Pablo, because of his Spanish origins. His mistress Eva, had died quickly after, and to
keep her memory alive, he started a painting of her which he later on hid and kept it a secret and
to this day it remains unfinished. After the war had ended, and after the return of some of his
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
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friends, he gets introduced to a whole new world of theater and travels to Rome (pic.22). He
quickly falls in love with one of the ballerinas- Olga Koklova (pic.23)(pic.24). The involvement
of Picasso in this new world of theater and ballet, and him creating this new and unique style of
costumes and scenery, gave birth to the new artistic movement- surrealism. Later on in 1918 he
got married to Olga, and began living a new glamorous life together with his new wife in a circle
of the higher class which were his friends. She was the right companion for a young, modern and
successful artist like him. This is when he turned to a new style surprising everyone, revealing it
in the elegant portrait he painted of Olga. This is the period where he represents people as giants.
Smooth round lines, massive limbs and similar faces. He would still extenuate everything. At 40
he became a father for the first time-his first child was born and his name was Paulo. His little
family became his new inspiration.He lived in a big house, full of paintings where his wife and
son would pose for him. He found his son to be his biggest inspiration and he would often paint
him in costumes when he was a baby. In fact he did a portrait of him every year on his birthday
until he turned four years old. He paints him as a little Harlequin a miniature version of himself.
He had everything going for him, he was happy. But even though the family life fulfilled the man
in him, it couldn’t keep the artist happy for so long. The domestic bliss didn’t last that long, nor
did the neo classical style.
He returned to his old style, joining the movement for surrealism (pic.25). The famous artwork
„The kiss” (pic.26) is a piece created at this time.”When I love a woman, that tears everything
apart, especially my painting. Everybody criticizes me because I had the courage to live my life in
broad daylight, with more destruction than most others. A painting is a sum of destructions.”Picasso once said. Besides returning to his old style, he also turned back to his old ways and habits.
He had seen the perfect model-a 17 year old girl named Maria Theresa-Walther. (pic27) She was
a quiet and simple girl. The girl who inspired one of his most famous paintings „Dream” (pic.28).
She appeared in many more, but she remained hidden, because he couldn’t tell that an under aged
girl had been posing for him, a girl with whom he had affairs with at the same time. Maria Theresa
became Picasso’s obsession. Captivated by her youth and body he paints her over and over
obsessively hiding her in his art. The old painter dispenses with code, his beautiful teenaged lover
becomes a subject of a charming sequence of portraits. Sculpture also appears. With this he shocks
everybody. Picasso is inspired to create a series of monumental heads of his young lover. Once
again he goes in search of the primitive. Maria Theresa’s features are brutally simplified. Picasso
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turns her into an eastern island head. At this time his domestic situation had become intolerable.
But he still refused to leave Olga. He describes it as the worst time of his life. He is in such a bad
state that he even finds it hard to paint, so he turns to writing. ”For me there are two types of
women.”- Picasso used to say – “Goddesses and doormats.” Just as she turned 18, the 47 year old
Pablo could finally fill all of his canvases with her naked body, but still remained secret because
of his family.
This is also when the mythological creature, half man half bull appears (pic.29), a man and a
monster representing Picasso and his thirst for women. This becomes his favorite alter ego.
Everything around him was changing, with the change of the old woman, so a new change
happened after splitting up with Olga, Maria-Theresa gave birth to a baby daughter in 1935. Since
then she devoted her life to him. Later on, when she heard about his death, she even committed
suicide. But this mythological creature was unstoppable.
He met his next victim, 30 year old Dora Maar (pic.30). She was a photographer, born in
Yugoslavia and raised in Argentina, which also thought like a surrealist. He comes across her in a
café. She becomes his “Weeping woman” (pic.31). Once again Picasso evolves a new code of line
and color for his new mistress. Dora Maar painted in all straight lines, bright reds and black.
On the 28th April 1937, Italian and German airplanes attacked the city Gernica, which really
affected Picasso, and that became the main motive in creating his biggest piece so far, the gigantic
painting „Gernica” (pic.32). A painting that resembles a scene of terror and darkness, where a
woman is crying over her dead child’s body.A painting that captures pain, one that Picasso
personally felt. With the approach of the Second World War, he decides to stay in Paris, where
Dora remains to be his light and inspiration during those dark times, but shortly after MariaTheresa and Dora found themselves in the shadow of another mistress, Francoise Gilot (pic.33),
40 years younger, with whom he had another daughter-Paloma and son-Claude. She was also a
painter.
With her begins one of the happiest times of his life, a time that inspired him to create „Dans la
Joie de Vivire” (pic.34), and countless other portraits of her. They lived together for ten years
starting in 1946. In the new place where he started living all over with his new family, he also
built a studio for sculptures and ceramics, where he began working more than ever with these new
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mediums, again using the female body as an inspiration. He also did the famous design in 1949
that is now a symbol for peace, the flying pigeon. (pic.35) That is how he named his newborn
daughter-Paloma, which resembles peace. In these years he was desperate to go back to his
homeland in Spain, but he just couldn’t. The only thing that made him feel at home, was visiting
the bull fights he loved so much as a child with his eldest son. In these years all of his ex-wives
were always around. His family was huge, that was something that the young Francoise was always
tolerating.
In 1954, another woman enters his life, which leads to Francoise leaving him. Picasso was hurt,
for the first time ever, a woman had left him, instead of him doing that. “I congratulate you”- he
said to her. “You know, I always like a winner.”- and after that never spoke to her again. His last
partner was Jacqueline Roque, also his last wife. (pic.36)(pic.37). The couple moved in to a new
house, where his studio became too full with his artwork. He was now famous worldwide, he was
fabulously rich and he could easily swap a painting for a house in southern France. “Picasso used
to be a great artist”- complained his old friend Braqcue-“Now he’s only a genius”.
The bull has been tamed. He was close to turning 80 years old. Jacqueline after the death of Olga,
became the second madam Picasso. She was a really educated and sophisticated woman which
came from a great background. In her he saw great reliability, something he needed but wasn’t
aware of at this age. He was still young at eighty. He was on top of the world. This millionaire was
invincible, or so he thought. He wanted her with him as much of the day as possible, so she would
have to wake up really early in the morning and do all the household chores and be back home by
ten or by the time Picasso woke up. She was on duty since he awakened until he finished painting
for the day, and that could sometimes mean past midnight. In the last years of his life, Pablo didn’t
see his children as often, which he was used to seeing all the time because they were always around.
Jacquelin wanted to protect Picasso in some kind of way from everything that would distract him
from his painting. Whether that was his physical inability to stand for so long like he used to, or
his depression. So instead of painting he did way more drawing and graphic work. He wanted to
keep his private life very private, and would only let certain people to witness the creative chaos
that was his studio. In his 80’s he worked restlessly on creating new versions of his old paintings.
„The kiss”, „The serenade” and many more .At 89 years old he painted more than ever, more
quickly than ever. He felt as if he was missing more time, he was still full of life and joy but he
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knew he didn’t have much left, so he constantly was chasing after time. He still had a huge passion
for creating. He had rooms full of canvases, 43 000 exactly, that much are known besides the ones
that are still not found or ones he managed to hide.
In May 1970, three years before his death, he displayed with no frames on bare stone walls a
large number of his latest paintings. These crude, raw, provocatively sexual images were met with
confusion and disappointment, if not horror. He turned 91, but his soul still remained youthful, he
still had a reason to live, but knew his life was coming to an end. But there was one big last surprise.
Picasso the hoarder, had been saving key works to create his own collection. Collecting them from
home to home, villa to villa, mistress after mistress. Moments collected from his life. The most
important times, the most important people all have been packed away and saved. Picasso leaves
his collection to the French nation. His last portrait of himself (pic.38), was laid out in one of the
rooms in his house. By the look on his face you could tell he had survived some kind of stroke, so
he had painted a self-portrait facing his own death. During his last days, he was tied to his bed, not
leaving his room, just resting and drawing in his sketchbooks. One morning he had called his
secretary asking for some pencils to be brought to his bed, where he spent his time just drawing,
but when the woman arrived she found him dead, resting peacefully with a pencil in his hand which
resembled a perfect ending (pic.39).
The half man-half bull was now gone forever, but what he left behind is a reputation, a treasure
and a mark on this world. Part of the society in Europe, even in America described Picasso as a
communist, a pornograph and an antichrist, meaning most of the population was against him. But
even people who loved his work, simply just didn’t understand it. It was just too new. In fact, he
was a philanthrope, a free spirit, and a passionate artist. He made himself bigger than life. He
taught us what life is truly about, what we are capable of doing if we fully devote our selves to the
things that make us feel alive. If we do so, we will remain alive even after death. Nobody
understood the revolution in line, in color and in shape. Destroying the clichés, shocking the world,
and breaking the prism through which we see reality, Picasso truly was one extraordinary mind
full of color which continues to inspire even today- „the genious of Picasso, lit up the 20th century
like a comet”(unknown author)....
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Pic.2 First sketches of bulls and pigeons
Pic.1
Young Pablo at 13 years old
Pic.3 Picasso’s signature
Pic.4 First Painting
Pic.5 A painting he made at 16 years old
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Pic.6 A painting he made at 16 years old
Pic.8 Young Pablo
Pic.7 Pablo with his friends
Pic.9 Wild Parisian night life
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Pic.10 The death of his best friend
Pic.11 A painting from “The blue period”
Pic.12 A painting from “The blue period”
Pic.13 „Life”
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Pic.14 Picasso’s home in Mon Martre
Pic.15 Picasso’s mistress Fernande
Pic.16 A painting from the “Pink period “
Pic.17„Boy leading a horse”
Pic.18 „The young ladies of Avignon”
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Сл.19 A landscape of houses in Spain
Pic.21 Cubism
Pic.20 One of the first cubist paintings
Pic.22 Theater scenography designed by Picasso
Pic.23 Olga Koklova
Pic.24 A portrait of Olga Koklova
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Pic.26 „The kiss”
Pic.25 A painting of a dancing woman
Pic.28 „Dream”- a portrait of Maria-Theresa
Pic.27 Maria-Theresa at 17 years old
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
СОУ гимназија „Јосип Броз Тито„-Битола
Pic.29 The Minatour- half bull-half man
Pic.30 Dora Maar
Pic.32 „Guernica”- Inspired by the Spanish war
Pic.31 A portrait of Dora Maar
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
СОУ гимназија „Јосип Броз Тито„-Битола
Pic.33 Francoise Gillot
Pic.34 „Dans la Joie de Vivire”
Pic.35 Symbol for peace
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
СОУ гимназија „Јосип Броз Тито„-Битола
Pic.36 Portrait of Jaqueline Roque
Pic.37 Picasso with his last wife
Pic.38 Last auto portrait
Pic.39 Pablo Picasso in his last years
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
СОУ гимназија „Јосип Броз Тито„-Битола
REFRENCES
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSCopzsBC9c – a documentary about Pablo Picasso
„Picasso Love, Sex and Art BBC Documentary 2015”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANqi-LuH5j8 – „Pablo Picasso - Masters of the
Modern Era- MIKOS ARTS- A Documentary for educational purposes only.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso
https://www.pablopicasso.org/
http://www.sapergalleries.com/PicassoWomen.html
„PIKASO - kubisticka epoha”
Tekst Frank Elgar, Nolit/Beograd 1960
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АнаМарија Мишачковска IV-4
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