STUDENTS' INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN AT:
ZELO ELECTRICAL SERVICES (ZES)
IN
SHELL RESIDENTIAL AREA, ABA ROAD, PORT HARCOURT
BY
OMOVIYE JOSHUA EMIEZI
(Matric No. FNG/10/11/180808)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
400 Level
BEING A TECHNICAL REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, OLEH CAMPUS
1
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING(B.ENG) IN ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING.
DECEMBER 2014
DEDICATION
This Industrial Training work is dedicated to Jehovah God for His
loving kindness and protections over the years and to my priceless and
beloved Brother with His Wife Mr. & Mrs. OGHENEOVO S. OMOVIYE Whose
love and virtues have been a motivational force in my life
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CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that OMOVIYE JOSHUA EMIEZI, actually had his six
months industrial training with The Electrical Department of ZELO
ELECTRICAL SERVICES Company, (ZES) SHELL Residential Area, Port
Harcourt.
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Engr. O. Abraham
Date
(Industrial Base Supervisor)
3
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Engr. U.K Okpeki
Date
(Institution Base Supervisor)
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Engr. C. Otuagoma
Date
(Head of Department)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Words are not adequate enough to express my deep and sincere
appreciation to Mr. EZEKIEL ITULE for putting in so much effort, time,
energy, personal sacrifice, and endless patience to make sure that I was
attached to a recognized company of my field (Electrical Engineering)
where I can gain the needed experience to start my career as Electrical
Engineer.
I profoundly thank Engr. Abraham Oputun (my Industrial Base
Supervisor) of Electrical Engineering department, Zelo Electrical Services
for His immense contribution in area of Electrical. His criticisms and
constant supply of knowledge to make sure that I achieve my aim of
Industrial Training.
I also wish to credit Mr. Igho Gbagbeke of Electrical Engineering, Zelo
4
Electrical Services for putting in so much effort, time, energy, personal
sacrifice, and endless patience to keep explaining all aspect of Electrical to
me, making sure that I achieve my aim.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title -
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Dedication -
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Certification
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Acknowledgement
Abstract
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Table of content -
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
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1.1
Zelo Electrical Services-
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1.2
Field of (business) Activity/ Responsibilities
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1.3
Self Concept
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1.4
Shell (SPDC) Port Harcourt -
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1.5
Shell Business Activities in Nigeria -
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1.6
Shell in Nigeria by Numbers
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1.7
Shell Contribution to Nigeria -
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CHAPTER TWO
Description of Attachment
2.1
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Siwes workplace (Zelo's Profile)
2.1.1 Zelo's Departments
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2.1.2 Fire Alarm Department: -
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2.1.3 Electrical Department: -
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2.1.4
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2.2 working Place (Shell Environment)
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2.2.1 Task Description -
Zelo's Experience -
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3.1.3 Electrical Group Deliverables -
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CHAPTER THREE
3.1 The Electrical Group
3.1.1
Roles of the Electrical Group
3.1.2 Electrical Group Activities
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3.1.4 Computer Softwares used by the Electrical Group are:
3.2
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Skills and Practices Acquired as an Industrial
Trainee
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3.2.1 Skills Acquired -
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Summary -
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4.2
Recommendation
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4.4
Conclusion -
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Reference
Appendix
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ABSTRACT
This report is aimed at explaining key areas of my training under the
Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme undertaken at ZELO
ELECTRICAL SERVICES (ZES). It gives a brief introduction
about ZES, an
indigenous Electrical Company relevant in the oil & gas industry. It also
gives a good representation of the organizational structure and the
interconnectivity of the various Engineering and Services Departments.
Effort was made to explain the role of the Electrical Engineering
Department, bearing in mind the various electrical facilities and relevant
software. Adequate coverage has been given to the operations and
maintenance training I received, as well as the specific type of work I was
engaged in.
8
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
THE SIWES
The Engineering discipline is practical in nature and mainly hinged on
experience. Hence there is great need for any student aspiring to be
a professional engineer to have
some
form
of
work
experience
while studying at school, in a reputable engineering firm related to
his/her course of study. Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES) is in accordance with the federal government policy of technical
education to enable students to be exposed to the
working
experience
in industries and to enable them to be useful to their employers
practically and not theoretically alone. The
Student’s
Industrial
Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) gives students the opportunity to gain
some
relevant
experience
before
leaving
the
campus. The
experience gotten by the students during the SIWES program would enable
them quickly fit into the industry upon graduation.
I had my work experience at the Zelo Electrical Services Company
9
Limited (ZES), a subsidiary of SHELL, and an indigenous engineering
firm. At ZES, I learnt the fundamentals of electrical engineering; computer
aided electrical design, AutoCAD, and other relevant software such as
Plant design management system (a 3D drafting software), Chalmlite (a
lighting design software). My day to day activities at ZES were recorded in
the log book.
1.1
ZELO ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Zelo electrical services is a registered and well recognized electrical
company that has been in existence since 1990, it is a contractor company
to SHELL (SPDC) .zelo electrical services is a one man company owned by
Engr Emmanuel Okoro an electrical engineer. The company has the total
numbers of 8 (eight) employees and 3 (three) contract staff, which are all
professional in the field of electrical and fire alarm. The company head
office is located at KM.1 Ughelli Patani Road, Opposite Cosco Filling
Station, Okuokoko, Warri, Delta State.
And has branches at SHELL Residential Area, Aba/Road Port
Harcourt and SHELL Industrial Area, old Aba Road, Port Harcourt.
1.2
FIELD OF (BUSINESS) ACTIVITY/ RESPONSIIBILITIES
Zelo electrical services are into electrical wiring, electrical devices
installation, fire alarm installation and procurement of safety PPE (personal
protection equipment) materials.
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1.3
SELF CONCEPT
Zelo electrical services company renders electrical services such as
domestic and industrial wiring, procurement of PPE (personal protective
equipment), safety materials, and electrical integrity testing such as
continuity test, insulation test and polarity test, as well as fire alarm devices
installation to companies, industries and individuals.
CONTINUITY TEST: This is to ensure integrity of the live, neutral and earth
conductors without bridging (short circuit) of connection.
INSULATION TEST: this test is to ensure that there is a high resistance
between live and neutral conductors and these conductors and earth
conductors, a low resistance will result in current leakage and energy waste
which could deteriorate the insulation and be a potential fire hazard.
POLARITY TEST: this is to ensure that all switches and circuit breakers are
connected in the phase or live conductor.
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1.4
SHELL (SPDC) PORT HARCOURT
Shell has been active in Nigeria since 1957, and its business activities in
Nigeria are exploring and producing oil and gas onshore as well as offshore
and gas sales and distribution. Shell also has an interest in Nigeria largest
liquefied natural gas plant (NLNG) shell offices are based in Port Harcourt,
Warri, Lagos, and Abuja.
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Shell maintained the core value of honesty, integrity, and respect for
people, and this has form the basis of the shell general business principles.
1.5
SHELL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIA
*The shell petroleum development company of Nigeria Ltd (SPDC)
operates Nigeria largest oil and gas joint venture on behalf of
Government-owned Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (55%), SPDC
(30%), TEPGN (10%) and NAOC (15%).
* Shell Nigeria gas (SNG) is the only international oil and gas company to
set up a gas distribution company in Nigeria to supply industry customers.
* shell Nigeria exploration and production company (SNEPCO) operates the
Bonga, Nigeria’s first deep waters oil discovering ,the Bonga facility has the
capacity to produce more than 200,000 barrels per day of oil and 150mm
standard cubic feet of gas per day.
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1.6
SHELL IN NIGERIA BY NUMBERS
*Since the 1960`s SPDC has been at the forefront of efforts to develop
Nigeria’s gas resources as pioneer and a leading producer, and is also a
leading supplier of gas to domestic customers.
*SPDC Operates the bonny guide oil terminal, it is the largest of its kind in
Africa. The bonny associated gas plant can harness 20million standard
cubic feet of gas a day enough to provide power to more than 200,000
average European households.
1.7 SHELL CONTRIBUTION TO NIGERIA
Its main contribution to Nigeria is through the taxes and royalties they
pay to the federal government. The joint venture operated by the shell
14
petroleum development company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC) has
contributed about $42 billion to the government in the five years
(2008-2012).
CHAPTER TWO
DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHMENT
2.1
SIWES WORKPLACE (ZELO's Profile)
Description of SIWES workplace:
NAME: ZELO ELECTRICAL SERVICES
ADDRESS: SHELL Residential Area, Aba Road, Port Harcourt
ZELO's HISTORY
Zelo electrical services is a registered and well recognized electrical
company that has been in existence since 1990, it is a contractor company
to SHELL (SPDC) .zelo electrical services is a one man company owned by
Engr Emmanuel Okoro, an electrical engineer. The company has the total
numbers of 8 (eight) employees and 3 (three) contract staff, which are all
professional in the field of electrical and fire alarm. The company head
office is located at KM.1 Ughelli Patani Road, Opposite Cosco Filling
Station, Okuokoko, Warri, Delta State.
15
And has branches at SHELL Residential Area, Aba Road, Port Harcourt
and SHELL Industrial Area, old Aba Road, Port Harcourt.
Vision
"To be a world class Engineering Company."
Mission
"To provide world class engineering services in the oil and gas industry."
Quality Policy
"To satisfy and strive to exceed customer requirements through
continuous demonstration of quality and active participation of all
employees".
2.1.1 ZELO's Departments
The various departments in ZELO and their functions with respect to
project execution are:
Technical Departments
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Engineering: - It is the heart of ZELO. Preparation of engineering design
and studies.
•
Project Controls: - Project planning and scheduling, cost estimating,
cost engineering and information technology.
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•
Projects: - Co-ordinates the engineering activities being undertaken
during any project including arranging for site visits, liaison with the
customers to inform them about the progress of their projects.
Management of all capital projects.
•
Procurement: - Management of procurement function for operations.
Provides materials needed by the other departments and keeps stock
of what is available in the stores at any point in time.
•
•
Construction: - Management of construction activities.
Training: - Organize/arrange staff development programs like
on-the-job-training, short- term courses and seminars, overseas
rotational training etc, to ensure that ZELO's personnel are informed of
technological advancement in the industry. It ensures employee
development.
2.1.2 FIRE ALARM DEPARTMENT:
Fire alarm department of ZELO ELECTRICAL SERVICES COMPANY is
a department with the total numbers of four (4) staff. This department is
directly in charge of fire alarm devices equipment installation, fire safety
equipment installation, such as fire extinguishers, fire call point etc. this
department is also in charge of procurement, supply of PPE (personal
protective equipment) materials and fire safety devices .
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2.1.3 ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT:
Electrical department of ZELO ELECTRICAL SERVICES COMPANY is a
department with the total numbers of four (4) staff. Electrical department
is directly in charge of electrical domestic and industrial wiring, electrical
devices installation, electrical integrity testing and procurement/supply of
electrical materials such as cables, lighting fittings and power equipment
such as industrial sockets, water heaters, and electronics equipment such
as cctv cameras
2.1.4
ZELO's EXPERIENCE
Since its inception, ZELO has executed more than 100 projects
of varying magnitude and cost implications. Among these projects are:
•
Installation and maintenance of FM200 smoke detector and fire
alarm panel at SPDC west
• Installation and maintenance of fire alarm panels at SPDC west.
•
Conceptual design for the Cawthorne Gas injection/supply project for
Shell.
2.2 WORKING PLACE (SHELL ENVIROMENT)
Shell environment is a very safe place to work, because they place a
high priority on safety. They have the goal of zero injury, zero accident, and
zero fatality. They strongly believe that their goal is attainable, so for this
18
reason we work with a valid permit, we put on the respective PPE materials
associated with our daily job task and we work in a safe condition on a
daily basis. Because they have the rule that is either you work safe or you
don’t work at all.
2.2.1 TASK DESCRIPTION
Troubleshooting: this is the process of tracing to rectify fault that the cause
is unknown .i.e. if some lighting in a circuit are not lighting while others in
the same circuit are working, first you test the lighting point of the once
that are not working to see if there is supply, if there is current in both live
and neutral conductors you will know that the neutral has cut off at a point,
and it is known as short circuit.
Electrical wiring: this is the networking system or arrangement of cables for
the free flow of current in a circuit.
Type of wiring includes:
(1)
CONDUIT WIRING: this is the process whereby electric cables are
arranged systematically in a wall through the use of PVC pipe in
order to transfer energy from one point to another in a circuit.
(2)
CLEAT WIRING: this is a system of wiring done in an industry with
the help of a cleat chip made of different types of groove.
INTEGRITY TEST: this is the process of testing completed electrical
installations to verify that the system will operate efficiently and safely. The
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tests are extensive, as defined in the institution of electrical engineers
regulations. They can only be carried out by a competent person, i.e. a
qualified electrician or electrical engineer.
THE FOLLOWING TESTS ARE AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE PROCESSINGS:
(1)
DEAD TEST: - this is the process of testing completed installations
without power supply. The aim is to test the continuity to ensure
integrity of the live, neutral and the earth conductors without bridging
(short circuit). Testing the insulation to ensure that there is a high
resistance between live and neutral and earth conductors. Testing
polarity to ensure all switches and breakers are connected to phase,
live conductors.
(2)
LIVE TEST this is the process of testing completed installation with
power supply. The aim is to know the load that is connected to each
circuit, each phase and entire 415v that is supplied. During this test
we also test for earth loop to know the effectiveness of the
installation earthling system.
Integrity test is undertaking by visual inspection and the use of a
multipurpose meter (multimeter) or an instrument specifically for
recording resistance i.e. an ohmmeter or megger.
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CHAPTER THREE
3.1 THE ELECTRICAL GROUP
INTRODUCTION
Usually, a typical project begins in the process group with the
conceptual or basic design. The process group develops the initial block
diagrams, evaluates all the options, and proposes the best alternative for
the project.
Other disciplines (Electrical group inclusive) will then work on what the
process group has put down.
3.1.1
ROLES OF THE ELECTRICAL GROUP
On any project, the Electrical group is concerned with the following:
v
To design a system that delivers energy or electricity to utilization
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points.
v
To design a system that is reliable, economical and operationally
flexible.
v
To ensure that the system designed is safe for both personnel and
equipment.
3.1.2 ELECTRICAL GROUP ACTIVITIES
To achieve the above objectives, the following activities are usually
carried out by the electrical group:
Ø
Develop design criteria.
Ø
Formulate power generation/distribution philosophy.
Ø
Carry out load shedding and/or sharing duties.
Ø
Carry out transient and earth fault condition analysis.
Ø
Develop electrical equipment specifications.
Ø
Carry out electrical equipment sizing and selection.
Ø
Prepare material requisition(MR) and Bill of Quantities(BOQ)
for electrical equipment.
Ø
Technical bid analysis.
Ø
Produce electrical deliverables.
3.1.3 ELECTRICAL GROUP DELIVERABLES
Deliverables are documents produced by a group with respect to the scope
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of the project. The deliverables produced by the electrical group are: Ø
Single line diagrams
Ø
Electrical layout drawing
Ø
Schematic and interconnection drawings
Ø
Hazardous area classification
Ø
Material Requisition (MR)
Ø
Supplementary Drawing
Ø
Data sheets
Ø
Cable schedules
Ø
Installation details
Ø
Specifications
3.1.4 COMPUTER SOFTWARES used by the Electrical group are: ·
AutoCAD
·
Plant Design Management System (PDMS)
·
Microsoft Excel
·
Microsoft Word
·
Chalmlite
·
Multisim
3.2
SKILLS AND PRACTICES ACQUIRED AS AN INDUSTRIAL
TRAINEE
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As a student under the SIWES at ZELO, I was exposed to standard
Engineering design practices. The projects executed at ZELO ensured that
Engineers worked in teams, hence, I was taught to be a team player, and a
good one at that. I received training in the following areas of electrical
engineering practice:
1. Computation of Load list:
This is one of the starting point for the electrical group activities.
For any given project, it is important to know the specific number of
electrical loads on site. This is to ensure adequate sizing of power
sources, cables, distribution boards etc. I learnt how to compute a
load list, which is usually a Microsoft Excel document showing all
intended loads, their tag numbers, current, voltage and power ratings,
efficiencies, power factors, and service duty.
2. Generation of single line diagrams:
There were many instances where I was required to develop one or single
line diagrams. The electrical load list came in very handy in such instances.
A single line diagram is a schematic drawing that uses graphical symbols
and standard nomenclature to illustrate the overall configuration of an
electrical system. The single line diagram shows diagrammatically the
conceptual/detailed design for power generation and distribution on a site,
interconnections between various loads, Generation philosophies, load
layouts, busbars and their respective voltage levels, system protection
devices, amongst others. These are well shown on single line diagrams
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with standard electrical symbols. I received extensive training on the use of
autoCAD, which is the software used by the electrical group to draw one
line diagrams. Figure 3 below shows a single line diagram which I drew
with the aid of autoCAD for the R.A Club Kitchen, whose load summary is
shown in Figure 3.1
Fig. 3
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Fig. 3.1
3. Equipment sizing and Cable sizing:
Areas covered here includes Generator sizing, Transformer sizing, circuit
breaker sizing, and cable sizing calculations. I also learnt about the relevant
standards and codes as regards equipment sizing and cable selection,
such as the National Electric Code (NEC), and the National Electric
Manufacturers Association (NEMA) codes.
As part of my training, I was given an assignment on equipment and cable
sizing in the R.A Club kitchen equipment project. The calculations I carried
out are shown below:
CALCULATIONS
SIZING OF EQUIPMENT IN THE CLUB KITCHEN PROJECT
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SIZING OF TRANSFORMERS AND GENERATORS
FORMULA USED:
GEN. SIZING:
RUNNING LOAD (RL) = TOTAL CONTINUOS LOAD +30% INTERMITTENT
LOAD.
PEAK LOAD (PL) = RUNNING LOAD +20% STANDBY LOAD.
TRANSFORMER SIZE ( I.25 *PEAK LOAD.
ASSUMPTION: USING N+1 PHILOSOPHY.
TRANSFORMER SIZING≅ GENERATOR SIZING.
GENERATOR SIZING (USING N+1 PHILOSOPHY)
RL = 30691.65 + (0.3*1524.18) = 31148.90 KVA
PL = 31148.90 +70.60 = 31219.56 KVA
FUTURE EXPANSION = 25%
PL = 1.25*31219.56 = 39024.45 KVA
FOR N + 1 GEN.; WHERE N = 2
PL/2 = 19512.25 KVA
GENERATOR SIZE = 3 Nos. 20 MVA GENERATOR.
TRANSFORMER SIZING:
T1 (11\ 33 KV)
RL = 30,000 KVA
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PL =30,000 KVA*1.25 =37,500 KVA
T1 SIZE = 37.5 MVA.
T2 (11\6.6 KV)
RL = 414 KVA
PL = 414*1.25 = 517.5 KVA
T2 SIZE = 750 KVA.
T3 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)
RL =336.25 + 16.5 =352.75 KVA
PL = 352.75* 1.25 = 440.94 KVA
T3 SIZE = 500KVA
T4 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)
RL =336.25 + 16.5 =352.75 KVA
PL = 352.75* 1.25 = 440.94 KVA
T4 SIZE = 500KVA
T5 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)
RL = 355.4 + 26.75 = 282.15 KVA
PL = 382.15 + 70.60 = 452.75 KVA
452.75*1.25 = 565.94 KVA
T5 SIZE = 750 KVA
T6 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)
RL = 355.4 + 26.75 = 282.15 KVA
PL = 382.15 + 70.60 = 452.75 KVA
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452.75*1.25 = 565.94 KVA
T6 SIZE = 750 KVA
CABLE SIZING:
FORMULA USED:
I = P / ((3*V) AMP + 25% I (future expansion)
GENERATOR CABLE SIZING:
I = 20MVA / ((3*11KV) = 1049.73 * 1.25 = 1312.15A
CB SIZE: 1200A
CABLE SIZE:
TRANSFORMER CABLE SIZING:
T1:
PRIM: I = 37.5MVA / ((3*11KV) = 1968.24A * 1.25 = 2450.3A
CB SIZE: 2000A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 37.5MVA / ((3*33KV) = 656.08A * 1.25 = 820.10A
CB SIZE: 700A
CABLE SIZE:
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T2:
PRIM: I = 750KVA / ((3*11KV) = 39.36A * 1.25 = 49.20A
CB SIZE: 40A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 750KVA / ((3*6.6KV) = 65.61A * 1.25 = 82.01A
CB SIZE: 70A
CABLE SIZE:
T3:
PRIM: I = 500KVA / ((3*11KV) = 26.24A * 1.25 = 32.80A
CB SIZE: 30A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 500KVA / ((3*0.4KV) = 721.69A * 1.25 = 902.11A
CB SIZE: 800A
CABLE SIZE:
T4
PRIM: I = 500KVA / ((3*11KV) = 26.24A * 1.25 = 32.8A
CB SIZE: 30A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 500KVA / ((3*0.4KV) = 721.69A * 1.25 = 902.11A
CB SIZE: 800A
CABLE SIZE:
30
T5 = T6
PRIM: I = 750KVA/ ((3*11KV) = 39.37 * 1.25 = 49.21A
CB SIZE: 40A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 750KVA/ ((3*0.4KV) = 1366.63 * 1.25 = 1708.27A
CB SIZE: 1600A
CABLE SIZE:
These current values are also used for sizing the transformer and
generator CBs.
CABLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZING FOR LOADS
Formula used:
I = P/ (((3*V)
Type of cable: PVC insulated, armoured, installed in air.
BUS A:
Four starter motors
I = 7500KVA/ (((3*33KV) = 131.2A * 1.25 = 164A
CB = 150A
Cable size = 70mm 2 PVC, ARMOURED
31
BUS B:
Generator starter motor
I = 690KVA/((3*6.6KV) = 60.4A *1.25 = 75.5A
CB= 70A
CABLE SIZE = 35mm2
BUS C:
I = 55KVA/((3*0.4KV) = 79.39A*1.25 = 99.2A
Wharf burner fuel 1 & 2
CB: 80A
Cable size: 35mm2
Bunker fuel heating load
I = 162.5KVA/((3*0.4KV) = 234.6A *1.25
= 293.2A
CB: 250A
Cable size: 185mm2
BUS D:
Causeway lighting
I = 18.4 * 1.25 = 22.55A
CB: 20A
32
cable size: 2.5 mm2
HVAC supply
I = 27.06 * 1.25 = 33.83A
CB: 30A
Cable size: 6 mm2
Office and Amenities
I = 126.30A * 1.25 = 157.88A
CB: 150A
Cable size: 70 mm2
BUS E:
UPS
I = 7.22A *1.25 = 9.03A
CB: 15A
Cable size: 1.5 mm2
Warehouse supply 2
I = 10.83A * 1.25 = 13.5A
CB: 15A
Cable size: 1.5 mm2
33
Obstruction lighting
I = 1.80A * 1.25 = 2.25A
Cable size: 1.5 mm2
CB: 15A
Warehouse supply 1/ Wkshop supply
I = 32.46A * 1.25 = 40.6A
CB: 35A; cable size: 6 mm2
Gate house supply
I = 18.04A *1.25 = 22.6A
CB: 25A
cable size: 2.5 mm2
BUS F
P1 = P2
CB: 125A
CABLE SIZE: 35 mm2
P3 = P4
CB: 50A
CABLE SIZE: 10 mm2
34
P5 = P6
CB: 125A
CABLE SIZE: 70 mm2
P7 = P8
CB: 300A
CABLE SIZE: 185 mm2
P9:
CB: 15A
CABLE SIZE: 1.5 mm2
P10, P11, P12:
CB: 15A
CABLE SIZE: 1.5 mm2
4. Electrical Layout drawings (Earthing, Cable, and Lighting layout):
An electrical layout drawing gives a plan view of an area (e.g a Flow
station), and shows by means of appropriate sign conventions, such
features
as
the
earthing grid(earthing
layout),
electrical
cable
route(cable routing layout), location of lighting towers/fixtures(lighting
35
layout) etc. I was trained on how to draw layout drawings using auto CAD.
I learnt about the various factors to be considered before layout
drawings/designs are produced.
5. Hazardous Area classification/drawings:
I was also trained on how to produce hazardous area drawings using
autoCAD. A hazardous area is a three-dimensional space in which a
flammable atmosphere may be expected to be present at such frequencies
as requires special precautions for the construction and use of all electrical
apparatus. The purpose of these drawings is to provide assistance in
selecting the correct certified equipment for hazardous zones (as will be
clearly noted on the drawing) such as petrochemical plants, refineries, gas
plants, oil terminals, etc.
6.
Supplementary drawings (Cable schedules, Distribution board
schedules, Schematics and Interconnection drawings, Installation details,
Specifications):
These drawings are also produced at later electrical design stages for a
project. I was also opportuned to see how these drawings were produced
and their relevance to the project. The training I received involved the
use of the following computer aided design/application software:
•
AutoCAD
•
Chalmlite ( a software for lighting design and calculations).
•
Plant design Management system (PDMS).
AutoCAD
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It is a computer aided drawing software. It is used by the electrical group
to draw single line diagrams, electrical layout drawings, hazardous area
drawings, distribution board schedules, schematics and interconnection
diagrams, power layouts etc. The AutoCAD design package is a general
purpose software. It is an extremely powerful tool. The speed and ease at
which a drawing can be prepared and modified using a computer offers a
phenomenal advantage over hand preparation. There is virtually no limit to
the kind of drawings that can be prepared using the software. AutoCAD
provides a set of entities for use in constructing a drawing. An entity is a
drawing element such as a line, circle, or text string annotations. The effect
of every change appears immediately, thus enabling the designer to take
immediate decisions concerning size, aesthetics and taste of the designer.
Other AutoCAD functions allow modifications of the drawing in a
variety of ways e.g. erasing or moving entities or copying them from
repeated patterns.
The view of the drawing displayed on the screen can be changed, or
information about the drawing can be displayed. The use of layers and
assigning colours to the different layers enhances the appearance of the
end product and aids in detecting errors in the drawing that would
otherwise have gone undetected. The final drawing can then be plotted
with a pen plotter or printer plotter. The importance of this software can be
more appreciated in that is saves time and cost in the production of
drawings, by providing the engineer with a mature tool to work, thus,
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ensuring a more professional and accurate output. The activities of the
electrical group to which to which I was attached, involved the extensive
use of autoCAD.
3.2.1 SKILLS ACQUIRED
By virtue of the training I received and exposure, I have acquired the
following skills from the SIWES workplace (i.e. ZELO):
Proficiency in the use of AutoCAD.
Proficiency in the use of Microsoft EXCEL for the development of
spreadsheets.
Ability to use chalmlite to carry out lighting design and calculations.
Ability to use Plant design Management System (PDMS) - a 3D
drafting software.
Ability to work effectively in a team, and to communicate effectively with
others.
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
SUMMARY
The purpose of this SIWES program is to bridge the gap between
classroom and the industries so that student will be well prepared for the
task ahead after their schooling. So this 6months SIWES program has
expose me to real Electrical Installation works, it has really help me to
bridge the gap between the classroom and the industry, this industrial
training really gave me an insight to the task that lies ahead of me in my
chosen career “Electrical Engineering”. So this Industrial Training Report is
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aimed to picture the various task that is being carried out in the industry on
the field of Electrical Engineering, the skill acquired and the challenges on
the aspect of Innovation and Creation in order to make the world a
comfortable place for humans.
4.2
RECOMMENDATION
·
I will advise that more Electrical engineering students be posted to
the organization for their SWEP and SIWES.
·
Also, the ITCC should find a way to liaise with the company that
students on IT be given transport allowance or there should be
provision of a staff bus for the students, being an example I spent an
average of 500 naira daily during the course of the IT.
·
The ITCC should also ensure frequent visit of supervisors to the
companies where students are posted so as to enable students to be
serious minded for the duration of the IT.
·
Students should be posted on time to ensure that there is time to get
enough knowledge of what they should learn at their respective
workplace.
·
The main essence of the scheme should be made known to the
companies, so that students are not assigned to tasks that are not of
benefit to his/her career development.
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4.4
CONCLUSION
The SIWES has positively contributed to my training as a future
Electrical/Electronics Engineer. At the SIWES workplace (i.e. ZELO), I was
able to reconcile theoretical principles learnt in school with real
Electrical/Electronics engineering design practice. I also learnt various
software applications relating to my discipline such as AutoCAD, Microsoft
EXCEL, Microsoft Word, etc.
Furthermore, I received extensive training on
electrical design fundamentals
which included the following:
Development of load and single line diagrams, Design of electrical
layout
drawings (cable,
earthing
and
lighting layout drawings),
Hazardous area classification drawings, Equipment sizing, cable and
circuit breaker sizing, preparation of material take- off and bill of
quantities,
lighting design/calculations, and schematic/interconnection
drawings. SIWES gave me the opportunity to learn about good work ethics,
good interpersonal and communication skills.
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REFERENCE
www.shell.com.ng/aboutshell/at-a-glance.html
Harrison Inspection and Training (Nig) ltd. Electrical Installations and
systems.
Strathmore University, Attachment Report Guidelines APO-02-03-11/10
Engr. Okoro Emmanuel, Director Zelo Electrical Services.
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APPENDIX
As Built Drawings
Power Layout Drawings
Lighting Layout Drawings
Load Balancing Drawings
Load Schematic Diagrams
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