The Ethical Concerns Surrounding Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements in recent years, revolutionizing industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. However, as AI continues to evolve and become more integrated into our daily lives, it is important to consider the ethical implications of this technology. One of the primary concerns surrounding AI is the potential for bias and discrimination. AI systems are trained using large amounts of data, and if the data is biased, the resulting AI system may also be biased. This can result in unfair or discriminatory decisions, such as those related to hiring, lending, and criminal justice. For example, in 2018, it was discovered that Amazon's AI recruiting tool was biased against women. The system was trained using resumes submitted to the company over a 10-year period, which were mostly from men. As a result, the system began to favor male candidates and penalize resumes that included words like "women" or "female." This highlights the importance of ensuring that the data used to train AI systems is diverse and representative. Another concern related to AI is the potential for job displacement. As AI technology advances, there is a growing fear that many jobs may become automated, resulting in widespread job loss. While some experts argue that AI will create new job opportunities, others predict that the pace of job creation will not be fast enough to offset the loss of jobs due to automation. Additionally, there are concerns related to the development of autonomous weapons. As AI technology continues to evolve, there is a possibility that it could be used to create autonomous weapons, which could make decisions about who to target and when to attack without human intervention. This raises ethical concerns related to the use of force and the potential for unintended consequences. Another concern is the potential for AI to become too powerful and take on a life of its own, leading to a loss of control over the technology. This is commonly referred to as the "AI control problem." If AI becomes too powerful, it could potentially make decisions that are not aligned with human values or interests, leading to unintended consequences or even harm. To address these ethical concerns, some experts have called for increased regulation of AI and the development of ethical guidelines for its use. For example, in 2019, the European Union released a set of guidelines for the development and use of AI, which included principles such as transparency, human oversight, and respect for privacy and data protection. Additionally, some experts have called for increased diversity in the development of AI. By including diverse perspectives in the development process, AI systems are more likely to be inclusive and fair. In conclusion, while AI has the potential to revolutionize many industries, it is important to consider the ethical implications of its use. As AI continues to evolve, it is important for individuals, organizations, and governments to work together to ensure that this technology is used in a way that is fair, transparent, and aligned with human values and interests. By doing so, we can maximize the benefits of AI while minimizing the potential negative impacts. SECTION A - Choose the right answer from the options lettered a - e by circling it. 1. What is one of the primary concerns surrounding AI technology? a) The potential for job displacement b) The development of autonomous weapons c) Bias and discrimination d) Loss of control over the technology 2. What is one example of bias in AI systems? a) Focusing on diverse and representative data b) Failing to consider diverse perspectives in development c) Penalizing resumes that include words like "women" or "female" d) Creating ethical guidelines for AI use 3. What is one potential consequence of AI technology advancing? a) Job creation b) The creation of autonomous weapons c) The potential for AI to become too powerful d) Improved efficiency in industries 4. What is the "AI control problem"? a) The fear of job displacement caused by AI b) The potential for AI to become too powerful and take on a life of its own c) The possibility of AI being used for unethical purposes d) The development of autonomous weapons 5. What is one way to address ethical concerns related to AI? a) Increasing diversity in the development of AI b) Using biased data to train AI systems c) Ignoring the potential for job displacement d) Focusing solely on efficiency in industries 6. Which industry has been revolutionized by AI technology? a) Education b) Hospitality c) Healthcare d) Retail 7. What is one potential negative impact of AI technology? a) Increased job opportunities b) Ethical concerns related to the use of force c) Greater control over technology d) Increased efficiency in industries 8. How can biased AI systems affect decisions related to hiring? a) By favoring male candidates b) By penalizing resumes that include words like "women" or "female" c) By failing to consider diverse perspectives in development d) By focusing on diverse and representative data 9. What is the importance of ensuring diverse and representative data in AI systems? a) To ensure that AI technology is used in a way that is fair, transparent, and aligned with human values and interests b) To create more efficient industries c) To ensure job creation d) To create more accurate data analysis 10. What are the European Union's guidelines for the development and use of AI? a) Increased regulation and ethical guidelines b) Increased diversity in the development process c) Principles such as transparency, human oversight, and respect for privacy and data protection d) None of the above 11. What is one concern related to the development of autonomous weapons? a) Potential job displacement b) Ethical concerns related to the use of force c) Loss of control over technology d) Bias and discrimination in decision-making 12. What is the potential impact of AI becoming too powerful? a) Improved efficiency in industries b) Unintended consequences or harm c) Increased job opportunities d) Reduced bias and discrimination in decision-making 13. What is one potential positive impact of AI technology? a) Increased job opportunities b) Development of autonomous weapons c) Loss of control over technology d) Greater ethical concerns related to the use of force 14. What is the importance of human oversight in the use of AI? a) To ensure that AI technology is used in a way that is fair, transparent, and aligned with human values and interests b) To create more efficient industries c) To ensure job creation d) To create more accurate data analysis 15. What is one potential consequence of AI technology being used in an unethical way? a) Increased efficiency in industries b) Job creation c) Unintended consequences or harm d) Greater control over technology SECTION B - ASSIGNED READING BOOK - 1984 Choose the right answer from the options lettered a - d by circling it. 1. What is the primary setting of the novel 1984? a) London, England b) Paris, France c) New York City, USA d) Tokyo, Japan 2. Which of the following is not a theme present in the novel 1984? a) Totalitarianism b) Love and sexuality c) Memory and history d) Gender equality 3. Who is the protagonist of the novel 1984? a) Winston Smith b) Julia c) O'Brien d) Emmanuel Goldstein 4. What is the name of the totalitarian regime in power in 1984? a) The Party b) The Brotherhood c) The Resistance d) The Revolution 5. Which character represents the corrupting influence of power in the novel? a) O'Brien b) Julia c) Emmanuel Goldstein d) Syme 6. What is the function of the telescreen in the novel 1984? a) To monitor and control the thoughts and actions of citizens b) To provide entertainment and education c) To broadcast news and propaganda d) To facilitate communication between individuals 7. What is the significance of the phrase "doublethink" in 1984? a) The ability to hold two contradictory beliefs simultaneously b) The process of converting individuals to the Party's ideology c) The practice of manipulating history to suit the Party's agenda d) The technique of physically and mentally torturing dissidents 8. Which character serves as a symbol of hope and rebellion in the novel 1984? a) Winston Smith b) Julia c) O'Brien d) Emmanuel Goldstein 9. What is the main conflict in the novel 1984? a) Winston's struggle against the Party's control b) The conflict between O'Brien and Emmanuel Goldstein c) The fight for power between different factions of the Party d) The battle between the Party and the outside world 10. What is the significance of the paperweight in 1984? a) It represents Winston and Julia's love for each other b) It symbolizes the fragility of individuality and freedom c) It embodies the power of memory and nostalgia d) It foreshadows Winston's eventual capture and torture 11. Which of the following is not a lesson to be learned from 1984? a) The dangers of totalitarianism and the importance of individual freedom b) The power of propaganda and the manipulation of language c) The need for rebellion and resistance against unjust systems d) The benefits of conformity and obedience to authority 12. How does the character of Syme contribute to the novel's themes? a) He represents the Party's control over language and thought b) He symbolizes the corrupting influence of power on individuals c) He serves as a foil to Winston's rebellious spirit d) He embodies the hopelessness of the novel's dystopian world 13. How does the setting of 1984 contribute to the novel's themes? a) It emphasizes the importance of memory and nostalgia in a dystopian world b) It highlights the dangers of a totalitarian government controlling every aspect of citizens' lives c) It symbolizes the decay and decay of society in the face of oppression d) It demonstrates the hopelessness of resistance against an all-powerful regime 14. Which of the following literary techniques is not used in 1984? a) Foreshadowing b) Irony c) Metaphor d) Personification 15. Analyse the times of 1984 in George Orwell's novel and the present time. (3marks)
