Chapter6:
Flower
Plant
Reproduction
structure
I
it is
"
p
female
reproductive
a
(carpel)
sepal
peduncle
plants
thathave
Carpel
-
Stamen-
both
to
male
and female
produce embryo
produces
number
sac
pollen
of
stamens
are
organs
are
called
hermaphrodites.
(offspring)
differentfor different
species of
plants
Stamen
pollen
pyjobe
each
·
the
1)
anther has
·
sac
each
lobes
4
lobe
has
pollen
sac
microspore
a
pollen
sac
has
(diploid, 2n)
mother cells
filament
fetrad (4 microspore cells)
-
meiosis,
.
microspore
-
↳
mother cell
microspore
cell (n)
(2n)
develop(grow)
become
to
V
pollen grains
(n)
thicker wall
mitosis
.
fube
⑳
3
generative
·
pollen grain
tube
nucleus
(n)
mature
nucleus
generative
nucleus
nucleus
-
-
pollen grain
to
form
the
to
form
pollen
the
male
fertilisation
tube
after
garnetes,
pollination
used for
Carpel
ovule-formed
-
more
the
inside
than
-attached
to
ovary
inside
I
the
ovary
the placenta
through
called
structure
a
funicle
the
in
ovary
-
-placenta
-inside
a)
supplies nutrients to the
the ovule, we have
nucellus
-
-
type
tissue
tissue)
into
(form
of
develop
ovule
(parenchyma
integumenttissue
the skin
of
seeds)
b)
embryo
sac-formed
-
from
itcontains
(diploid,
nucallus
the
megaspore
mother cell
In)
1 style
embricans
placenta
it
aange
(t
micropyle:allows
air
andwater
to enter seed
during germination
megaspore
cells
(n)
-
meiosis
⑧
⑧
7
.
-
will
develops
megaspore
degenerate
(diel
(grow)
mother cell
(2n)
W
divides
through
mitosis
to
8
o
3 times
produce
nuclei
->
·8
o
->
mitosis 3 times produces 8
=
(2 8)
⑧
·
·
.
I
antipodal
I
polar nuclei
I
embryo
two
cells
synergic
cells
and
one
egg
sac
antipodal cells
egg cell
provide nutrients to
two synergic cells
guides the pollen
-
-
polar
nucleiand
forms
egg
cell-
involved
forms diploid
zygote
triploid endosperm
O
tube
with
fertilisation
with male nuclei
with male nuclei(3n)
(2n)
cell
pollination
fertilisation
and
transfer
pollination:the
-done
tube
nucleus
·
gametes
(n)
·
0
⑧
⑧
egg
cell (n)
.
to be
agentcauses pollen
transferred from other to stigma
pollinating
tube nucleus
⑧.
the
male
·
bodies
(n)
from
degenerates
the
pollen
the
sac
down,
I
haploid
pollen tube
reaches
degenerates
ganetes
male
of
the
ovary
ovary,
enter
the
(embryo
the
(n)
tube
embryo
sac
female nuclei), where fertilisation
tube
gametes
ovary
moves
gametes
nucleus
stigma
male
tube nucleus
in
nucleus
when
·
↓
ovule
to
·
3
an
pollen tube that
a
generative
itdivides by mitosis form
as
.
polar
generates
grows towards
·
e
embren
insects, wind, water)
ene
Tolleare
male
pollen from anther to stigmar
pollinating agents (animals,
by
⑧.
severative
of
contains
occurs
fertilisation:fusion
plants,
in
there
male
2
are
12
it
2nd
and
of
male
male
female
nuclei
nucleiand
female
3
32 polar
ganetes)
nuclei
legg cell)
nucleiand
becomes
gamete
male
male
ganete
egg
(n)
+
(n)
2
+
cell (n)
polar
>
nuclei
diploid
(2n)
zygote
>triploid
(n),(n)
zygote:the
offspring, develops
:develop
endosperm
cell
into
a
endosperm tissue
embryo
into
plantifthe
ovule
(now
called
seed)
is
planted.
endosperm tissue
help
with embryo development(either before
develop
into
:to
seed
is
planted
or
after the seed is
germination occurs).
provides
nutrition
allows
the
to
seed
endosperm cell
plantsurvival
(and therefore
the
the
planted,
when
embryo
survive
to
planted
...
nucleus
becomes
fertilisation
double
embryo
(3n)
endosperm
-
-
double
for
long
periods before
fertilisation]
is
is
it
needed for
Seed
FruitDevelopment
and
⑱See
After fertilisation:
becomes
1) Ovule
2)
seed
>
becomes
Ovary
fruit
3
terminal
mitosis
⑳
cell
->
8
embryo
c.
basal
zygote
structure
cell
seed
zygote
a)
divides
terminal
b) basal
by
form two
mitosis
to
cells:
embryo thatconsists
form
cell:develop
to
1)
plumule:immature leaf/shoot
2)
radicle:immature
3)
cotyledon:food storage
cell:develops
root
tissue
suspensor. The
into
embryo
embryo to
sac
of:
suspensor attaches
(like umbilical
cord
humans)
what
1)
happens
the
of
female flower:
fall off
petals
2)
stigma
3)
sepal
and
style degenerate
or
may
4)
integumentwill
3)
parts
other
to
wall
Ovary
a)
may
degenerate
not
form
will
seed
form
coat
pericarp.
(skin)
Pericarp
has
3
layers:
exocarp-skinof fruits
b)
mesocarp
c)
endocarp
-
-
where
the flesh
the fruitis
of
layer surrounding
seeds
fruits
of
in
Importance
seeds for
of
Importantfeatures of
that
allow
chance
for
seeds
1)
large
numbers
2)
may
be
better
->
dormantfor
by
3)
surrounded
4)
cotyledon provides
5)
6)
seed
testor breaks
for germination.
seed
structure
damaging.
(testal
coat
when
(presence
is
small,
to
survive.
survival
which
seed
conditions
water
of
firm
to
it
and still
long periods
nutrients
only
survival
and
survive
protects
seed
embryo
are
favourable
breaks the testal
able
to resistspoiling
or