Department of Electrical Engineering
Inter of Things (EE-455-L)
Assignement 02
IoT Based Distance Measuring System
Name
Roll Number
Muhammad Zaheer Akram
NIM-BSEE-2019-28
Instructor:
Dr. Tassadaq Hussain
Namal University Mianwali
Table of Contents
Problem Statement..............................................................................................................................3
Project Title .......................................................................................................................................3
Description.........................................................................................................................................3
Front End Architecture........................................................................................................................4
Description .....................................................................................................................................4
Data Architecture ...............................................................................................................................5
Data Source ....................................................................................................................................6
Data Acquisition .............................................................................................................................6
Data Storage ...................................................................................................................................6
Data Structure.................................................................................................................................6
Data analysis ..................................................................................................................................6
Software Architecture .........................................................................................................................7
Application....................................................................................................................................7
Data Storage and Manipulation ........................................................................................................7
Data Processing and Values .............................................................................................................7
Hardware Architecture ........................................................................................................................8
Ultrasonic Sensor............................................................................................................................8
Raspberry Pi Pico ...........................................................................................................................8
Wi-Fi Module .................................................................................................................................8
Cloud .............................................................................................................................................8
Problem Statement


Select a sensor available in the lab, and make a project title.
Draw/make data architecture, Front-end Architecture, Software Architecture,
Hardware Architecture for the Project-title
and
Project Title
IoT Based Distance Measuring System Solid and Liquid Bodies
Description
In this project, there is an ultrasonic sensor which is used to measure the distance of an object.
Ultrasonic sensor has the two main parts;


Transmitter
Receiver
The transmitter of an ultrasonic sensor is the component responsible for emitting ultrasonic
waves. Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting high-frequency sound waves and then detecting the
time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object. This information is used to
determine the distance or presence of the object.
The transmitter in an ultrasonic sensor typically consists of a piezoelectric transducer. When an
electrical signal is applied to the transducer, it vibrates at a high frequency, usually in the ultrasonic
range (above 20 kHz). These vibrations generate the sound waves, which then propagate through
the air or another medium.
Piezoelectric transducers are often made from materials like quartz or ceramics, which exhibit the
piezoelectric effect. This effect means that when an electric field is applied to these materials, they
deform or vibrate, producing sound waves.
The receiver of an ultrasonic sensor is the component responsible for detecting and receiving the
ultrasonic waves that have been emitted by the transmitter. Once the transmitter emits the
ultrasonic waves, they travel through the air or another medium until they encounter an object.
When the waves hit the object, they bounce back or get reflected.
The receiver in an ultrasonic sensor typically consists of another piezoelectric transducer. This
transducer is designed to convert the received ultrasonic waves into electrical signals. When the
reflected waves reach the receiver, they cause the transducer to vibrate or deform, generating an
electrical voltage proportional to the received signal.
The receiver is an essential part of an ultrasonic sensor as it captures and converts the reflected
ultrasonic waves into measurable electrical signals. These signals are then used to determine the
distance, presence, or other characteristics of the detected objects.
Front End Architecture
Analog
Environment
Ultrasonic
Sensor
Filtering and
Amplification of
Signal
Data Extraction
Sensor
Interaction
Analog to
Digital
Conversion
(ADC)
Raspberry Pi
Pico
(Microprocessor)
Description
Front-end architecture refers to the structure and organization of the components and technolo gies
used to build the user interface and user experience of a software application or website. It involves
designing and implementing the client-side portion of the application that users interact with
directly.
This section is based on the front end architecture, in front end architecture there is involve me nt
of user interface and visual perspective. In my CEP there is an analog environment, an ultrasonic
sensor which collects the data and convert into useful information like filtering and amplifica tio n
of signal, conversion of analog to digital signal takes place which is fed to Raspberry Pi Pico via
using digital input output port. At the end this data analyzed for further processing.
Data Architecture
Real Time Data
Acquisition
Data Source
Data Storage
Data Structure &
Arrangement
Data Analysis
Data Governance
Data Security
The main parameters of data architecture are given above block diagram. Detail of these is given
below;
Data Source
The data source for an ultrasonic sensor is the reflected ultrasonic waves that are received by the
sensor's receiver. When the ultrasonic waves emitted by the sensor's transmitter encounter an
object, they bounce back or get reflected. The receiver detects these reflected waves and converts
them into electrical signals. These signals contain information about the distance or presence of
the object.
Data Acquisition
Data acquisition for an ultrasonic sensor involves capturing, storing, and processing the electrical
signals generated by the sensor's receiver. The data is captured by the sensor and then it is stored
in the Raspberry pi Pico.
Data Storage
The Raspberry Pi Pico is a microcontroller board that uses the RP2040 microcontroller chip. The
RP2040 chip itself does not have built-in storage capabilities like a traditional micro SD card slot
or onboard flash memory. However, it does support external storage options for data storage.
Data Structure
Data structuring in arrays involves organizing and storing data in a linear, contiguous block of
memory. Arrays provide a way to store multiple elements of the same data type under a single
identifier. Each element in an array is assigned an index, which represents its position within the
array. The data is structured in the form of arrays and then processed further.
Data analysis
Data analysis involves examining, cleaning, transforming, and interpreting data to discover useful
insights, patterns, and trends. In the context of an ultrasonic sensor, data analysis can involve
various techniques and approaches to extract meaningful information from the acquired data. Here
are some common aspects of data analysis for ultrasonic sensors.
Data Security
Data security refers to the protection of data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
modification, or destruction. It involves implementing measures and practices to ensure the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
Software Architecture
Desired
Application
System
Data Storage and
Manipulation
Data Processing
System
External Values of
System
Application
The application represents the software components responsible for implementing the
core functionalities of the system, including data acquisition, data processing, and user
interactions
Data Storage and Manipulation
The "Data Storage" module is responsible for managing the storage and retrieval of data obtained
from sensors and other pertinent data sources. This entails utilizing databases, data lakes, or
alternative data storage systems.
Data Processing and Values
Data is processed to attain the desired outcomes of our system.
Hardware Architecture
Ultrasonic Sensor
Raspberry Pi Pico
Wi-Fi Module
System
Cloud
Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensor is used to measure distance of an object is used to deal with analog environme nt
and get real data.
Raspberry Pi Pico
A Raspberry Pi Pico is a low-cost microcontroller device. Microcontrollers are tiny computers, but
they tend to lack large volume storage and peripheral devices that you can plug in (for example,
keyboards or monitors).
Wi-Fi Module
A Wi-Fi module is used to send data on cloud.
Cloud
The data is accessible via internet with the help of cloud computing.