7 PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES or
The seven (7) agency operating units located nationwide, namely:
1. The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City;
2. The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City;
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan;
4. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro;
5. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City;
6. Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte; and
7. Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davao Province.
1. The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City
The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa, Philippines, is the maininsular penitentiary designed
to house the prison population of thePhilippines. It is maintained by the Bureau
of Corrections (BuCor) underthe Department of Justice. As of October 2004, it has an inmate
population of 16,747.
The penitentiary had an initial land area of 551 hectares.
Onehundred four hectares of the facility were transferred to a housing project ofthe
Department of Justice. The Bureau of Corrections has its headquarters inthe NBP Reservation
2. The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in MandaluyongCity / and The CIW
Mindanao, Panabo, DavaoThe Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) is a women's
prisonlocated in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The prison is operated bythe Bureau
of Corrections.
CIWM is the most recent facility organized in the Bureau of Corrections.
Itwas only
inaugurated in September 18, 2007, the second institution whichbranched out from the
first and only penal establishment dedicated inrehabilitating female offenders. (The first,
which was founded in 1932 is theCorrectional Institution for Women situated in
Mandaluyong City, MetroManila). It was during the incumbency of Secretary of Justice
Agnes VSTDevanadera when it was formally opened.
3. Iwahig prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princessa City, Palawan
This
unique
“prison without bars” was established by the Americans in 1904. The inmates tend vast farms
instead of idly spending time behind bars. The more enterprising earn by making handicrafts
and other productive activities during their spare time. Iwahig has since become synonymous to
finely handcrafted bags and other souvenir items.
The Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm is one of the most popular prisons in the Philippines. It was
established in 1902 by the United States for the Filipino prisoners who had fought with the
American during their colonization in the Philippines.
The Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm is located at Baranggay Iwahig, Palawan and is 30 minute ride
from the province's capital, Puerto Princesa. Currently, it houses some 4,000 inmates.
Iwahig is subdivided into four zones or districts: Central sub-colony with an area of 14,700
hectares; Sta. Lucia with 9,685 hectares; Montible with 8,000 hectares and Inagawan with
13,000 hectares.
Recent developments and presidential proclamations have dramatically reduced the size of the
prison reservation of Iwahig.
4. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro;
Nearer to Manila than other penal colonies, the Sablayan Penal Colony is located in Occidental
Mindoro and relatively new. Established on September 26, 1954 by virtue of Presidential
Proclamation No. 72, the penal colony has a total land area of approximately 16,190 hectares.
Prison records show that the first colonists and employees arrived in Sablayan on January 15,
1955. Since then several buildings have been constructed, including the colonists’ dormitories,
employees’ quarters, guardhouse, schoolhouse, chapel, recreation hall, and post exchange.
5. San Ramon
Penal farm in
City
Prison and
Zamboanga
The San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm is situated in ZamboangaCity, Philippines. It was
established to house the Muslim rebels and prisonersopposing the Spanish leadership. The
prison is right in front of the Jolo seaand is sprawled within a 1, 414-hectare property.It was on
August 21, 1869 when the San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm was built. Decades later, when the
Americans took over the country, the Bureau of Prisons was created under the supervision of
the Department of Commerce and Police.Due to the havoc wreaked by the Spanish-American
war, the penal farm was destroyed. In 1907, it was then re-established and started to house
prisonersfrom Mindanao. By 1915, it was placed under the protection of the Bureau of Prisons.
6.
Leyte
in Abuyog, Leyte
Regional Prison
Leyte Regional Prison* It was built to receive, confine, secure and rehabilitate
convictedcriminals classified as national prisoners whose sentencesrange fromthree (3) years
and one (1) day imprisonment or above. Most prisonerscame from Region VIII comprising the
provinces in the islands ofSamar, Leyte and Biliran.* Prisoners within the prison compound are
usually engaged inhandicrafts while those who are living-out prisoners are engaged Infarming
and also in handicrafts making. Others are household Helperswho received some simple tokens
and small compensation.
LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON*It is located in Brgy. Mahagna, Abuyog, Leytesome sixty-six (66)
kilometers from Abuyogtown proper.
*It is situated on a 861.66 hectares forestedarea on top of a mountain surrounded bymountain
ranges.
*It is also composed of two communities: theenclosed community and the opencommunity.
Number of inmates in Leyte Regional Prison Philippines 2019, byoccupation*As of March 2019,
among all the inmates in the Leyte Regional Prison inthe Philippines, 866 used to be farmers or
gardeners. The province of Leyteis home to approximately 2.4 million people in the country.
7.
Davao
Prison
and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davao Province.
The Prison and Penal Farm (formerly Davao Penal Colony (DaPeCol))was established on
January 21, 1932 in Panabo City, Davao delNorte, Philippines. It has a land area of
30,000 hectares with a prisonreservation of 8,000 hectares. During World War II, the Davao
Penal Colonywas the biggest prison establishment in the country which was used by
theJapanese invading army as their imperial garrison.On October 7, 1931, Governor Dwight
Davis signed proclamation 414 whichreserved a site for Penal Colony in Davao
Province in Mindanao and onJanuary 21, 1932 by virtue of Act No. 3732, the Davao
Penal Colony wasformally established. During World War II, it was used by the
Philippine-American Armed Forces were more than 1000 Japanese were treated
inaccordance with the orders of American commanding officer. The JapaneseImperial Forces
attacked Davao on December 20, 1941 and the colony wasamong of the establishments that
were taken over by the imperial army.
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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JAIL AND PRISON
Jail and prison are two separate entities that are often mixed up. The difference between jail
and prison is mostly the length of stay for inmates. Jail is more for a short-term sentence, while
prison is for those with a long-term sentence. When thinking about it, though, prison seems like
the more intense of the two, does it not? This is because prison is thought to be much worse
than jail. Though they both house people who have committed a crime, the difference between
jail and prison is essentially how long they are used for, and the types of people they are used
for. Let’s start by looking at jail.
Jail
While both jail and prison are used as a form of incarceration, jail is used more for people who
are being held for a shorter amount of time. Often “short” refers to a misdemeanor conviction
versus “long” which refers to a felony. Jails are usually run by local law enforcement and/or
local government agencies and are designed to hold inmates awaiting trial. Since jails tend to
have more populations who are temporary, the facilities tend to be less developed. Given its
constant flow of people, some inmates complain that jail can interfere with their ability to be
on a regular schedule, making things like sleeping, eating or participate in exercise difficult to
do on a regular bases. On the brighter side, jails often offer inmates some kind of work release
program or boot camp designed to help them change their lives for the better and to improve
so that they stand a better chance of avoiding prison time in the future. Some jails even offer
educational, substance abuse, and vocational programs which can keep the inmates occupied,
making them less likely to cause problems. However, with that said, jails are normally not as
comfortable as a prison, as prisons are meant to accommodate people for a longer period of
time. This means sleeping quarters are likely to not be as comfortable in a jail cell, as opposed
to a prison cell. Also, jails typically have lower budgets, meaning food and other necessities can
be of either a lower quality or even inadequate. This does not happen much, but some jail
inmates try to use this as a breach of their rights, saying it is a form of cruel and unusual
punishment. However, this is rarely successful.
Prison
Prisons are typically operated by either a state government or the Federal Bureau of Prisons
(BOP). They are designed to hold individuals convicted of more serious crimes, such as a felony.
Prisoners held in a place like this are often forced to spend years in there, which means that
living could be a little more comfortable than that of a jail cell. Because prisons are designed for
long-term incarceration, they are better developed for the living needs of their populations.
There are also different levels to a prison, ranging from low-security to maximum-security. The
comfort of living is normally better in a lower security prison, as the crimes that the inmates
have committed are not nearly as bad as those in a maximum security prison.
In both system, the inmates have a right to visitation and the right to make outgoing calls home
or to their attorneys, although they do not have the same right to privacy as a regular civilian.
Visits and phone calls are often closely supervised and can be recorded, and anything said
about an open case can and will be used against the inmate in a court of law. Inmates do,
however, have the same basic rights of any prisoner, including the right to be treated humanely,
the right to access the courts, a right to medical care, and a right to not suffer any kind of
discrimination – based on gender, race, religion or sexual orientation.
If you or someone you know has been convicted of a crime, make sure to have an experienced
attorney to represent you. John Tumelty is well-qualified and will do everything in his power to
help you avoid jail or prison time altogether, and may be able to help minimize your sentence if
a conviction is unavoidable. Contact his offices today for a free consultation.
The articles on this blog are for informative purposes only and are no substitute for legal advice
or an attorney/client relationship. If you are seeking legal advice, please contact our law firm
directly.
Reference
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/samar-college/criminology/7-penal-institutions-inthe-philippines/14558628
https://www.johntumeltycriminaldefense.com/blog/difference-jail-prison/
Background History of Death Penalty
Death penalty is one of the first forms of punishments in the world. The first ever
established death penalty law date as far as Eighteenth Century BCE in the Code of King
Hammurabi of Babylon which designates the consequence of 25 different crimes as death.
During the Athenian Age, death isconsidered as the only punishment for crimes. This has been
their way of minimizing the crime rate intheir own respective places.In the Philippines, the
earliest record of death penalty was during the Spanish Era. The Spanish colonizers brought
with them Medieval Europe’s penal system including executions.
The earliest forms of death penalty included burning, decapitation, drowning, flaying,
garrote, hanging, shooting, stabbing and others. Some of our heroes, including our national
hero, Jose Rizal, have been victims of death penalty. During the American Period, death penalty
is still widely used. Public executions are still held though some laws have been passed to
minimize the field of death penalty. Some of the capital crimes punishable by death were
Treason, parricide, piracy, kidnapping, murder, rape, and robbery with homicide. Death
penalty was primarily used against the Nationalist Filipinos who build resistance against the
American Colonizers. During the Japanese Occupation, no record of death penalties was
madesimply because extrajudicial executions were widely practiced as part of the pacification
of the country.The Philippines was the first country in Asia to abolish death penalty in all crimes.
It was then replaced by reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment.
This was during the reign of President CorazonAquino although shortly after her six-year
term, Fidel V. Ramos, the proceeding president was forced toreinstate death penalty as
punishment for capital crimes due to heinous crimes committed in his time. Itis also in this time
that Republic Act No. 8177 was passed and so it states that death penalty shall becarried out
through lethal injection. In the time of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, she stated thatshe
is not in favor of executions but then due to the rise in crimes related to drugs and kidnappings
thattargeted the Filipino-Chinese community, she announced that she would resume
executions “to sow fear into the hearts of criminals.” Although, on 15 April 2006, the
sentences of 1,230 death row inmateswere commuted to life imprisonment, in what Amnesty
International believes to be the "largest ever commutation of death sentences".Capital
punishment was again suspended via Republic Act No. 9346, which was signed by President
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on 24 June 2006. The bill followed a vote held in Congress earlierthat
month which over whelmingly supported the abolition of the practice. The penalties of life
imprisonment and reclusion perpetua (detention of indefinite length, usually for at least 30years) replaced the death penalty. Critics of Arroyo's initiative called it a political move meant
to placate the Roman Catholic Church, some sectors of which were increasingly vocal in their
opposition to her rule.
Reference
https://www.academia.edu/8644703/Background_History_of_Death_Penalty
TermsPrivacyCopyrightAcademia ©2023
TABLE OF PENALTIES
1. ARRESTO MAYOR - 1 month and 1 day to 6 months
Minimum : 1 month and 1 day to 2 months
Medium : 2 months and 1 day to 4 months
Maximum : 4 months and 1 day to 6 months
2. ARRESTO MAYOR MEDIUM - 1 month and 1 day to 2 months
Minimum : 1 month and 1 day to 1 month and 10 days
Medium : 1 month and 11 days to 1 month and 20 days
Maximum : 1 month and 21 days to 2 months
3. ARRESTO MAYOR MEDIUM - 2 months and 1 day to 4 months.
Minimum : 2 months and 1 day to 2 months and 20 days
Medium : 2 months and 21 days to 3 months and 10 days
Maximum : 3 months and 11 days to 4 months
One degree lower is arresto mayor minimum
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor minimum
4. ARRESTO MAYOR MAXIMUM - 4 months and 1 day to 6 months.
Minimum : 4 months and 1 day to 4 months and 20 days
Medium : 4 months and 21 days to 5 months and 10 days
Maximum : 5 months and 11 days to 6 months
One degree lower is arresto mayor medium
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor minimum
5. ARRESTO MAYOR MINIMUM AND MEDIUM - 1 month and 1 day to 4 months
Minimum : 1 month and 1 day to 2 months
Medium : 2 months and 1 day to 3 months
Maximum : 3 months and 1 day to 4 months
One degree lower is desierro medium & maximum.
Two degrees lower is arresto menor maximum or destierro minimum.
6. ARRESTO MAYOR MEDIUM AND MAXIMUM - 2 months and 1 day to 6 months.
Minimum : 2 months and 1 day to 3 months and 10 days
Medium : 3 months and 11 days to 4 months and 20 days
Maximum : 4 months and 21 days to 6 months
One degree lower is either destierro maximum or arresto
mayor minimum. Two degrees lower is destierro minimum and medium.
7. ARRESTO MAYOR MEDIUM TO PRISON CORRECTIONAL MINIMUM - 2 months and 1 day to 2
years and 4 months.
Minimum : 2 months and 1 day to 4 months
Medium : 4 months and 1 day to 6 months
Maximum : 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months
8. ARRESTO MAYOR MAXIMUM TO PRISON CORRECTIONAL MINIMUM - 4 months and 1 day to
2 years and 4 months.
Minimum : 4 months and 1 day to 1 year
Medium : 1 year and 1 day to 1 year, 8 months
Maximum : 1 year, 8 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months
One degree lower is arresto mayor minimum & medium.
Two degrees lower is destierro medium and maximum.
9. ARRESTO MAYOR MAXIMUM TO PRISION CORRECTIONAL MEDIUM - 4 months and 1 day to 4
years and 2 months.
Minimum : 4 months and 1 day to 1 year, 7 months and 10 days
Medium : 1 year, 7 months and 11 days to 2 years, 10 months and 20 days
Maximum : 2 years, 10 months and 21 days to 4 years and 2 months
One degree lower is destierro maximum or arresto mayor minimum and medium.
Two degrees lower is destierro minimum and medium or arresto menor maximum.
10. PRISION CORRECTIONAL AND DESTIERRO - 6 months and 1 day to 6 years.
Minimum : 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months
Medium : 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months
Maximum : 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years
One degree lower than prision correctional is arresto mayor
Two degree lower than prision correctional is destierro.
One degree lower than destierro is arresto menor.
Two degrees lower than destierro is fine.
11. PRISION CORRECTIONAL MINIMUM - 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months.
Minimum : 6 months and 1 day to 1 year, 1 month and 10 days
Medium : 1 year, 1 month and 11 days to 1 year, 8 months and 20 days
Maximum : 1 year, 8 months and 21 days to 2 years and 4 months
One degree lower is arresto mayor maximum.
Two degress lower is arresto mayor medium.
12. PRISION CORRECTIONAL MEDIUM - 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years
Minimum : 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 2 years, 11 months and 10 days
Medium : 2 years, 11 months and 11 days to 3 years, 6 months and 20 days
Maximum : 3 years, 6 months and 21 days to 4 years and 2 months
One degree lower is prision correctional minimum.
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor maximum.
13. PRISION CORRECTIONAL MAXIMUM - 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years.
Minimum : 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 4 years, 9 months and 10 days
Medium : 4 years, 9 months and 11 days to 5 years, 4 months and 20 days
Maximum : 5 years, 4 months and 21 days to 6 years
One degree lower is prision correctional medium.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional minimum.
14. PRISION CORRECTIONAL MINIMUM AND MEDIUM - 6 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2
months
Minimum : 6 months and 1 day to 1 year, 8 months and 20 days
Medium : 1 year, 8 months and 21 days to 2 years, 11 months and 10 days
Maximum : 2 years, 11 months and 11 days to 4 years and 2 months
One degree lower is arresto mayor medium & maximum.
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor minimum or destierro maximum.
15. PRISON CORRECITONAL MEDIUM AND MAXIMUM - 2 year, 4 months and 1 day to 6 years
Minimum : 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 3 years, 6 months and 20 days
Medium : 3 years, 6 months and 21 days to 4 years, 9 months and 10 days
Maximum : 4 years, 9 months and 11 days to 6 years
One degree lower is arresto mayor maximum to prision correctional minimum.
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor minimum & medium.
16. PRISON CORRECTIONAL MEDIUM TO PRISION MAYOR MINIMUM - 2 year, 4 months and 1
day to 8 years
Minimum : 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years, 2 months and 20 days
Medium : 4 years, 2 months and 21 days to 6 years, 1 month and 10 days
Maximum : 6 years, 1 month and 11 days to 8 years
One degree lower is arresto mayor medium to prision correctional minimum.
Two degrees lower is destierro medium and maximum or arresto mayor minimum.
17. PRISION CORRECTIONAL MAXIMUM TO PRISION MAYOR MINIMUM - 4 years, 2 months and
1 day to 8 years
Minimum : 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 5 years, 5 months and 10 days
Medium : 5 years, 5 months and 11 days to 6 years, 8 months and 20 days
Maximum : 6 years, 8 months and 21 days to 8 years
One degree lower is prision correctional minimum & medium.
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor medium & maximum.
18. PRISION CORRECTIONAL MAXIMUM TO PRISON MAYOR MEDIUM - 4 years, 2 months and 1
day to 10 years
Minimum : 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years, 1 month and 10 days
Medium : 6, years, 1 month and 11 days to 8 years and 20 days
Maximum : 8 years and 21 days to 10 years
One degree lower is arresto mayor maximum to prision correctional medium.
Two degrees lower is destierro maximum or arresto mayor minimum and medium.
19. PRISION MAYOR - 6years and 1 day to 12 years
Minimum : 6 years and 1 day to 8 years
Medium : 8 years and 1 day to 10 years
Maximum : 10 years and 1 day to 12 years
One degree lower is prision correctional.
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor.
20. PRISION MAYOR MINIMUM - 6 years and 1 day to 8 years
Minimum : 6 years and 1 day to 6 years and 8 months
Medium : 6 years, 8 months and 1 day to 7 years and 4 months
Maximum : 7 years, 4 months and 1 day to 8 years
One degree lower is prision correctional maximum.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional medium.
21. PRISION MAYOR MEDIUM - 8 years and 1 day to 10 years
Minimum : 8 years and 1 day to 8 years and 8 months
Medium : 8 years, 8 months 1 day to 9 years and 4 months
Maximum : 9 years, 4 months and 1 day to 10 years
One degree lower is prision mayor minimum.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional maximum.
22. PRISION MAYOR MAXIMUM - 10 years and 1 day to 12 years
Minimum : 10 years and 1 day to 10 years and 8 months
Medium : 10 years, 8 months and 1 day to 11 years and 4 months
Maximum : 11 years, 4 months and 1 day to 12 years
One degree lower is prision mayor medium.
Two degrees lower is prision mayor minimum.
23. PRISION MAYOR MINIMUM AND MEDIUM - 6 years and 1 day to 10 years
Minimum : 6 years and 1 day to 7 years and 4 months
Medium : 7 years, 4 months and 1 day to 8 years and 8 months
Maximum : 8 years, 8 months and 1 day to 10 years
One degree lower is prision correctional medium & maximum.
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor maximum to prision correctional minimum.
24. PRISION MAYOR MEDIUM AND MAXIMUM - 8 years and 1 day to 12 years
Minimum : 8 years 1 day to 9 years and 4 months
Medium : 9 years, 4 months and 1 day to 10 years and 8 months
Maximum : 10 years, 8 months and 1 day to 12 years
One degree lower is prision correctional maximum to prision mayor minimum.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional minimum & medium.
25. PRISION MAYOR MAXIMUM TO RECLUSION TEMPORAL MINIMUM - 8 years and 1 day to 14
years and 8 months
Minimum : 8 years and 1 day to 10 years, 2 months and 20 days
Medium : 10 years, 2 months and 21 days to 12 years, 5 months and 10 days
Maximum : 12 years, 5 months and 11 days to 14 years and 8 months
One degree lower is prision correctional medium to prision mayor minimum.
Two degrees lower is arresto mayor medium to prision correctional minimum.
26. PRISION MAYOR MAXIMUM TO RECLUSION TEMPORAL MINIMUM - 10 years and 1 day to
14 years and 8 months
Minimum : 10 years and 1 day to 11 years, 6 months and 20 days
Medium : 11 years, 6 months and 21 days to 13 years, 1 month and 10 days
Maximum : 13 years, 1 month and 11 days to 14 years and 8 months.
One degree lower is prision mayor minimum & medium.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional medium & maximum.
27. PRISION MAYOR MAXIMUM TO RECLUSION TEMPORAL MEDIUM - 10 years and 1 day to 17
years and 4 months
Minimum : 10 years 1 day to 12 years, 5 months and 10 days
Medium : 12 years, 5 months and 11 days to 14 years, 10 months and 20 days
Maximum : 14 years, 10 months and 21 days to 17 years and 4 months
One degree lower is prision correctional maximum to prision mayor medium.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional maximum to prision correctional medium.
28. RECLUSION TEMPORAL - 12 years and 1day to 20 years
Minimum : 12 years and 1 day to 14 years and 8 months
Medium : 14 years, 8 months and 1 day to 17 years and 4 months
Maximum : 17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 20 years
One degree lower is prision mayor.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional
29. RECLUSION TEMPORAL MINIMUM - 12 years and 1 day to 14 years and 8 months.
Minimum : 12 years and 1 day to 12 years, 10 months and 20 days
Medium : 12 years, 10 months and 21 days to 13 years, 9 months and 10 days
Maximum : 13 years, 9 months and 11 days to 14 years and 8 months
One degree lower is prision mayor maximum.
Two degress lower is prision mayor medium.
30. RECLUSION TEMPORAL MEDIUM - 14 years, 8 months and 1 day to 17 years and 4 months
Minimum : 14 years, 8 months and 1 day to 15 years, 6 months and 19 days
Medium : 15 years, 6 months and 20 days to 16 years, 5 months and 9 days
Maximum : 16 years, 5 months and 10 days to 17 years and 4 months.
One degree lower is reclusion temporal minimum.
Two degrees lower is prision mayor maximum.
31. RECLUSION TEMPORAL MEDIUM AND MAXIMUM - 4 years, 8 months and 1 day to 20 years
Minimum : 14 years, 8 months and 1 day to 16 years, 5 months and 10 days
Medium : 16 years, 5 months and 11 days to 18 years, 2 months and 20 days
Maximum : 18 years, 2 months and 21 days to 20 years
One degree lower is prision mayor maximum to reclusion temporal minimum.
Two degrees lower is prision mayor minimum & medium.
32. RECLUSION TEMPORAL TO RECLUSION PERPETUA - 12 years and 1 day to reclusion perpetua
Minimum : 12 years and 1 day to 16 years
Medium : 16 years and 1 day to 20 years
Maximum : Reclusion Perpetua
33. RECLUSION TEMPORAL MEDIUM TO RECLUSION PERPETUA - 14 years, 8 months and 1 day
to reclusion perpetua
Minimum : 14 years, 8 months and 1 day to 17 years and 4 months
Medium : 17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 20 years
Maximum : Reclusion Perpetua
One degree lower is prision mayor medium to reclusion temporal minimum.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional medium to prision mayor minimum.
34. RECLUSION TEMPORAL MAXIMUM TO RECLUSION PERPETUA - 17 years, 4 months and 1
day to reclusion perpetua
Minimum : 17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 18 years and 8 months
Medium : 18 years, 8 months and 1 day to 20 years
Maximum : Reclusion Perpetua
One degree lower is prision mayor maximum to reclusion temporal medium.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional maximum to prision mayor medium.
35. RECLUSION TEMPORAL MAXIMUM TO DEATH - 17 years, 4 months and 1 day to death
Minimum : 17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 20 years
Medium : Reclusion Perpetua
Maximum : Death
One degree lower is prision mayor maximum to reclusion temporal medium.
Two degrees lower is prision correctional maximum to prision mayor medium.
36. RECLUSION PERPETUA
See Art. 63 RPC for the imposition of this penalty.
The Indeterminate Sentence Law is not applicable.
37. RECLUSION PERPETUA TO DEATH
See Art. 63 RPC for the imposition of this penalty.
The Indeterminate Sentence Law is not applicable.
38. SUSPENSION
Minimum : 6 months and 1 day to 1 year, 8 months and 20 days
Medium : 1 year, 8 years and 21 days to 2 years, 11months and 10 days
Maximum : 2 years, 11 months and 11 days to 4 years and 2 months
39. SUSPENSION MINIMUM AND MEDIUM - 6 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months
Minimum : 6 months and 1 day to 8 years
Medium : 1 year, 8 months and 21 days to 2 years, 11 months and 10 days
Maximum : 2 years, 11 months and 11 days to 4 years and 2 months
40. TEMPORARY DISQUALIFICATION - 6 years and 1 day to 12 years
Minimum : 6 months and 1 day to 8 years
Medium : 6 years, 8 months and 1 day to 7 years and 4 months.
Maximum : 7 years, 4 months and 1 day to 8 years
41. TEMPORARY DISQUALIFICATION MINIMUM PERIOD - 6 years and 1 day to 8 years
Minimum : 6 years and 1 day to 6 years and 8 months
Medium : 6 years, 8 months and 1 day to 7 years and 4 months
Maximum : 7 years, 4 months and 1 day to 8 years
42. TEMPORARY DISQUALIFICATION MAXIMUM PERIOD - 10 years and 1 day to 12 years
Minimum : 10 years and 1 day to 10 years and 8 months
Medium : 10 years, 8 months and 1 day to 11 years and 4 months
Maximum : 11 years, 4 months and 1 day to 12 years
43. TEMPORARY DISQUALIFICATION MAXIMUM PERIOD TO PERPETUAL DISQUALIFICATION - 10
years and 1 day to perpetual disqualification.
Minimum : 10 years and 1 day to 11 years disqualification
Medium : 11 years and 1 day to 12 years disqualification
Maximum : Perpetual disqualification
13. Ancient Methods of Capital Punishment
THE death penalty is the ultimate punishment for criminals to suffer. Even though this method
of correction has seen a drastic decline in use in modern times, back in the old days, it was an
everyday thing to see someone executed by the authorities. Often, convicted criminals were
tortured and killed in brutal ways to set an example for everyone to witness the consequences
of living a life in crime.
Across the world, each and every country had creative ways of delivering capital punishment.
Most of the time, the idea was to make the criminal suffer for as long as possible, while at other
times, the chosen method had some symbolic meaning behind it. Nevertheless, criminals never
suffered honorable deaths. In fact, their remains were often displayed for extra humiliation.
Here are ten of the most brutal and horrific methods of capital punishment from ancient times.
13. Lingchi (Slow Slicing)
Lingchi was a brutal method of execution used in China in which the victim would suffer a
multitude of cuts before eventually dying of blood loss. Executioners were tasked with making
as
ma
ny
cuts
as
pos
sibl
e
and
rem
ovin
g
slic
es
of
fles
h
without killing the victim. It was also known as “death by a thousand cuts.” Lingchi started in
the tenth century and was outlawed in 1905. Since it saw the beginning of the 20th century, it is
one of the few execution methods on this list for which photos of it being practiced actually
exist.
There wasn’t a specific process behind Lingchi. The experience of it depended on several factors,
such as the skill and mercy of the executioner and the seriousness of the crime committed.
Some records recovered from the Ming dynasty suggest that victims suffered as many as 3,000
cuts before dying, while other reports claim that the whole ordeal took less than 15 minutes.
Sometimes, the condemned would be given opium, but whether it was to make them suffer
more or less is unclear. (It could have kept them conscious for longer.) Lingchi was one of the
ultimate forms of the Five Punishments, which was a scale of punishment which increased in
severity. It included a range of punitive measures, including amputation of the nose or feet,
banishment, tattooing, and even castration.
12. Sawing
During
Europe, victims
death
for
medieval times in
would be sawed to
committing crimes like
witchcraft, adultery, murder, blasphemy, and theft. The Roman Empire had a preference to saw
victims in half horizontally, while the Chinese were more inventive by hanging their victims by
their feet and sawing vertically down the body. This method was more effective in making
victims suffer, because there would be better blood flow to the brain, prolonging consciousness.
According to historical documents from the Czech Hussite reform movement, their victims
would first suffer getting their hands and feet sawed off before the wounds were cauterized by
a torch. Only then would the victim be sawed in half. As for ancient Rome, Caligula was known
to enjoy a meal while watching people being sawed, relishing in the victims’ suffering during
the extreme punishment.
11. Execution By Elephant
Also known as
punishment was
gunga rao, this form of
mostly used in Asia
and India, although there has been some evidence of this method being used in the Western
world on rare occasions. Execution by elephant has been a form of capital punishment in India
since the middle Ages. Victims would often be enemy soldiers or civilians who committed
crimes like theft, tax evasion, and rebellion. Even though there was an abundance of animals
that could be used for execution, elephants were utilized because of the fact that they could be
trained to torture and kill criminals.
For example, an elephant could be commanded to crush a victim’s limbs before delivering the
death blow to their head. Another example of execution by elephant was witnessed by Francois
Bernier, a French traveler. In this method, the elephant was trained to slice criminals with
blades that were fitted to their tusks.
10. Hanging, Drawing, and Quartering
According to an English law, this would be the ultimate punishment for a man who has been
convicted of high treason. Women were burned at the stake instead for the sake of decency.
Up until 1870, those who were convicted of high treason would be tied to a hurdle or sledge
(similar to a piece of fencing made out of thin, interwoven branches) and dragged by a horse to
the place of execution. Once there, the criminal would be hanged without a drop to ensure that
their neck wouldn’t break. Before he died, the criminal would be cut down and have his genitals
cut off and stomach slit open. The internal organs of the criminal would then be ripped out, and
his body would be decapitated. Finally, the corpse would be divided into four quarters.
Often, the head and quarters of the criminal would be parboiled to prevent them from rotting
and displayed on the city’s gates as a warning for everyone to witness. This sadistic method of
execution first originated in 1241 to punish William Maurice, who had been convicted of piracy.
The Treason Act of 1814 formally removed the disemboweling part of this method of execution
and replaced it with hanging (now with a neck-breaking drop) and postmortem decapitation.
9. Gibbeting
In Scotland, this
form
of
capital
punishment was reserved mostly for convicted murderers. According to the Murder Act of 1752,
the bodies of executed murderers would either be dissected or hung in chains. Gibbeting
disappeared in practice by the late 1770s, even though it remained a legal penal option up until
1834. One reason why this kind of capital punishment started to decline is the fact that the
body of a criminal would be displayed in local areas, which had some obvious drawbacks.
The best variation of this method of capital punishment is the conviction of Alexander Gillan.
He was a farmer’s servant who was convicted of the rape and murder of an 11-year-old girl
named Elspet Lamb in 1810. She was busy herding her father’s cattle when he attacked her
mercilessly and beat her to death. The lord justice clerk of that time wanted to pass on a death
sentence that would be considered an exemplary response to the magnitude of the crime, so
he decided that Gillan would be executed on the very same spot the body of his victim was
found and have his body hanged in chains to serve as a reminder of the consequences of
murder.
8. Immurement
In this form of punishment, the convicted criminal would be placed within an enclosed space
with no exits. Sometimes, this would translate into being imprisoned for life, while at other
times; the victims would be condemned to die of starvation and dehydration. A photo which
was first published in a 1922 issue of National Geographic depicted immurement in action, with
a Mongolian woman trapped inside a wooden box in the desert. The photographer, Albert Kahn,
witnessed how the woman would beg for food. He had to leave her in the box, because it would
have been a huge breach of protocol for an anthropologist to intervene with another culture’s
criminal justice system.
According to Kahn, the woman had been convicted of adultery. Even though there were doubts
behind the story of why she was condemned to this fate, the photo has an indisputable
authenticity. Victims did not always die of starvation. According to a newspaper report from
1914, sufferers of this fate in China were entombed in heavy iron-bound coffins which
prohibited them from sitting upright or lying down. For only a few minutes a day, they’d be able
to see sunlight as their food was thrown into their coffins through a small hole.
7. Poena Cullei
Also known as
of the sack,”
“punishment
those who
were found guilty of killing a parent (parracide) would be sewn up inside a leather sack along
with an assortment of live animals and thrown into water. According to the first documentation
found mentioning poena cullei, only snakes would be thrown into the sack. Yet, around the
time of Emperor Hadrian, the most popular variation of poena cullei was to throw a cock, a dog,
a monkey, and a viper along with the criminal inside the sack.
During that time, those convicted of parracide had the choice of being thrown to the beasts in
an arena or to suffer the fate of poena cullei. People sentenced to poena cullei were first
whipped or beaten with blood-colored rods while their head was stuffed into a bag. After that,
they would be thrown into a sack made of ox-leather along with other live animals and placed
in a cart pulled by oxen to a running stream or the sea, into which they’d be thrown into.
Eventually, poena cullei was replaced with being burned alive.
6. Scaphism
This was an
ancient
Persian method of torture reserved for those who committed serious crimes such as murder or
treason. Criminals would be trapped in a hollowed-out tree trunk or between two boats (hence
why this method was also called “the boats”) and force-fed milk and honey. This punishment
had to take place in a swamp or someplace where the boats could lie exposed in the sun. Not
only were they forced against their will to swallow the mixture, but it was also spread all over
their exposed body parts. This would attract various kinds of insects as well as rats, which
would basically eat the victim alive.
The victims of scaphism also suffered from severe diarrhea after a period of time that left them
feeling weak and dehydrated. Yet, they didn’t die because of diarrhea-induced dehydration
because they were constantly force-fed more milk and honey. This means that they could
survive for days and even weeks in a small Hell of their own feces, milk, honey, and devouring
insects. Eventually, the victim’s accumulating feces would breed a torrent of maggots and other
vermin. Slowly, they would make their way into the victim’s body and eat them up from the
inside, finally bringing death.
5. The Breaking Wheel
.
Also known as the
“Catherine
wheel”
because it’s associated with Saint Catherine of Alexandria, this brutal torture device was used
during medieval times in Europe. It was popular in France and Germany, and in some instances,
it was still in use even after medieval times. It earned the name “the breaking wheel” because it
was specifically designed to break the bones of its victims. Men who were convicted of
aggravated murder suffered this kind of capital punishment. The victim would be lashed to the
wheel, and a club or iron cudgel was then used to beat his limbs. Once the victims succumbed
to their injuries, the wheel could be used to display their bodies.
Sometimes, the victim would face days of torture on the wheel, while at other times, the
executioner would deliver several blows to the chest and stomach (also known as the “coups de
grace”) for a quicker death. The exact mechanism of the wheel used varied from country to
country, and some variations of the torture device even included a wooden cross.
4. The Garrote
Executions
introduced
by
in
garrote were first
1812 as an alternative
to hanging. At least 736 people were executed by garrote in Spain during the 19th century.
Usually, those who were condemned to suffer this method of capital punishment were found
guilty of crimes like murder, banditry, or major acts of terrorism. Prisoners would be seated
with their backs against a post, and a rope loop which was also attached to the pole would then
be placed around their necks. Executioners would then use a stick inserted into the loop of the
rope to strangle them. There was also a Chinese variation of this execution method involving
the use of bowstring.
Over time, several improvements were made to ensure that those who were condemned to die
by the garrote would be killed in a more humane way. The whole method of garroting changed
to accommodate a wooden stool, with restraints for the hands and feet as well as a hinged iron
collar to be closed around the neck. Along with the wooden stool came a screw/lever
mechanism with a star-shaped blade attached to it. This would then be used to enter the
prisoner’s neck and sever the spinal column, effectively preventing the prisoner from strangling
to death. Even though the victim usually lost consciousness quickly and died after a few
minutes, it was never a guaranteed outcome. This led to the conclusion that this method of
execution was never quicker or more humane than hanging.
3. Electric Chair
An electric
chair is a device
used to execute an individual by electrocution. When used, the condemned person is strapped to a
specially-built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg. This
execution method, conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo, New York dentist named Alfred P. Southwick, was
developed throughout the 1880s as a supposed humane alternative to hanging, and first used in 1890.
The electric chair has been used in the United States and, for several decades,[1] in the Philippines.
While death was originally theorized to result from damage to the brain, it was shown in 1899 that it
primarily results from ventricular fibrillation and eventual cardiac arrest.
2. Mysketry
Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading[1] (from the French fusil,
rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of
war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a
vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.
Execution by firing squad is a specific practice that is distinct from other forms of execution by
firearms, such as an execution by shot(s) to the back of the head or neck. However, the single
shot by the squad's officer with a pistol (coup de grâce) is sometimes incorporated in a firing
squad execution, particularly if the initial volley turns out not to be immediately fatal. Before
the introduction of firearms, bows or crossbows were often used—Saint Sebastian is usually
depicted as executed by a squad of Roman auxiliary archers in around AD 288; King Edmund the
Martyr of East Anglia, by some accounts, was tied to a tree and executed by Viking archers on
20 November 869 or 870.
1. Lethal Injection
Lethal
injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person (typically a barbiturate,
paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing rapid death. The main
application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a
broader sense to include euthanasia and other forms of suicide. The drugs cause the person to
become unconscious, stops their breathing, and causes a heart arrhythmia, in that order.
Reference
https://journal.com.ph/10-ancient-methods-capital-punishment/