O Levels Islamic Studies
Questions Islamiya 2068
Describe four features of polytheism in Pre-Islamic Arabia. 4
Why did the first revelation in the cave Hira cause Muhammad (pbuh) to be afraid? 10
Which feature of Khadija’s support for Muhammad (pbuh) helped him the most? 6
In Pre-Islamic Arabia some people followed the religion of Ibrahim. What does this mean? 4
What was the significance of the Ka’ba in Pre-Islamic Arabia? 10
To what extent does the Hajj today focus on the history of the Ka’ba? 6
Describe the reaction when the Prophet (pbuh) first spoke openly at Safa.? 4
Outline the persecution faced by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and the early Muslims in Mecca. 10
What lessons might Muslims today learn from the Prophet’s behaviour and attitude during those times
of difficulty? 6
State four actions taken by Muhammad (pbuh) when he entered Mecca at the time of the Conquest.4
Give an account of the events leading up to the Conquest of Mecca. 10
To what extent does the story of the Conquest of Mecca demonstrate that Islam is a peaceful religion?
6
Explain the teachings in Sura Kauthar and the circumstances in which it was revealed. 12
What does Sura Kauthar tell us about the Prophet’s dedication to Islam and how might Muslims follow
his example? 8
Explain what is meant by the following two Hadiths: (i) Hadith No 11 Doubt (ii) Hadith No 16
Tolerance? 12
Choose one of these Hadiths and discuss, with examples, how Muslims might apply it in their lives.?8
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Describe four beliefs of the hanifs of Pre-Islamic Arabia.4
In what ways did the early life of Muhammad (pbuh) prepare him for his mission as a prophet? 10
‘Mecca did not need Islam to make it a holy place.’ Discuss this statement and show that you have
considered different points of view. 6
Describe four features of the tribal system in Arabia before Islam.4
Outline the ways in which the tribal system changed when the people became Muslims. 10
To what extent did the tribal system protect Muhammad (pbuh) when he began to preach Islam openly?
6
Give four reasons for the Prophet’s decision to make the Hijra. 4
Explain the nature of the relationship between the Prophet (pbuh), Muhajirun and Ansar, as he settled
in Medina. 10
‘If the Hijra had not taken place, Islam would have disappeared.’ Discuss this statement and show that
you have considered different points of view. 6
Why did the Meccans want to fight the Battle of Uhud? 4
Give an account of the events of the Battle of Uhud.10
What lessons might Muslims today learn from the defeat at Uhud? 12
Explain the background and the teachings of Sura Ikhlas.8
Discuss how belief in God affects the life of a Muslim. 10 (i) Explain the teaching in this Hadith and (ii)
Give an example of a situation where a Muslim might follow up abad deed with a good one. 12
Choose one other Hadith that you know and discuss whether the teaching in it is relevant to young
people today 8
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Describe what happened when Umar accepted Islam. 4
Give an account of the main achievements of Umar’s Caliphate. 10
Which aspects of Umar’s administration provide the best examples for Muslim leaders today? Discuss
this question and show that you have considered different points of view. 6
What criticisms of Ali led to the Battle of (Jamal) Camel?4
Give an account of what happened at the Battle of (Jamal) Camel.10
‘Ali was faced with an impossible situation.’ Discuss this statement and show that you have considered
different points of view. 6
How was the Qur’an first recorded at the time of the Prophet (pbuh)? 4
Describe how the Qur’an, as it is today, is a result of the initiatives of Umar, Abu Bakr and Uthman. 10
What are the advantages of having a written Qur’an? 6
Outline Muslim belief in angels, books and prophets.12
‘The beliefs that all Muslims share are more important than any differences.’ Discuss different views
about this statement and give your own opinion. 8
Give an account of the way Muslims perform daily prayers together at the mosque and the benefits of
doing so.12
‘A Muslim has a direct relationship with God and does not need anyone else to get involved.’ Discuss
different views about this statement and give your own opinion. 8
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State four characteristics of Abu Bakr as Caliph.4
Give an account of how Abu Bakr and, later, Umar were elected as Caliph.10
To what extent would you agree that the era of the Four Pious Caliphs was the Golden Age of Islam?6
How did Uthman continue the policy of military expansion? 4
Explain the problems that arose during Uthman’s Caliphate. 10
Uthman was surrounded by people who gave bad advice and took advantage of him. How might
Muslims today avoid this happening in their lives? 6
Why are the Qur’an and Hadith both referred to as primary sources of Islam? 4
Describe what you know about the contents of the Qur’an.10
How do the Qur’an and Hadith differ in importance? 6
Describe four features of the birth of Prophet Isa (AS).4
Outline what is said in the Qur’an about the adult life and death of Prophet Isa (AS).10
Why is it significant that some of the prophets mentioned in the Qur’an are also in the scriptures of
Judaism and Christianity? 6
Give an account of how Muslims perform Zakat and explain its significance for the community.12
Which of the Five Pillars most unites Muslims? Discuss this question. Give your own opinion and show
that you have thought about different points of view.8
Give an account of the range of meanings of Jihad.12
‘A person can only be a true Muslim in a Muslim country.’ Discuss different views about this statement
and give your own opinion 8
2068/13 October/November 2018
State four features of a city dweller’s life in Pre-Islamic Arabia.4
Give an account of the nomadic life and tribal customs in the PreIslamic period. 10
To what extent did these customs change when people became Muslims?6
Describe how Khadijah gained evidence about the character of Muhammad (pbuh) before they
married.4
Outline the main events of Muhammad’s early life with his uncle, Abu Talib.10
To what extent did Muhammad’s early years with Abu Talib contribute to his preparation for
prophethood?6
Describe the persecution of Bilal, an early follower of the Prophet (pbuh).4
Give an account of the migration to Abyssinia. 10
‘The suffering of the early Muslims cannot be matched today.’ Discuss this statement. Give your own
opinion and show that you have thought about different points of view.6
Describe how Muhammad (pbuh) consulted with his companions before the Battle of Trench. 4
Give an account of the events of the Battle of Trench. 10
‘The Battle of Trench was a test of the strength of the Muslims.’ Discuss this statement. Give your own
opinion and show that you have thought about different points of view.6
Explain the background to Sura Ikhlas and what it teaches Muslims about the nature of God.12
Discuss how these teachings about God might influence a Muslim’s life today.8
Explain the teaching in this Hadith and give examples of generous actions.12
‘Not everyone can be generous to others.’ Discuss this statement. Give your own opinion and show that
you have thought about different points of view. You must refer to Islam in your answer. 8
2068/12 October/November 2018
Give four features of polytheism in Pre-Islamic Arabia. 4
Give an account of the importance of Mecca as a centre for pilgrimage in the Pre-Islamic period.10
‘The Quraish became enemies of Muhammad (pbuh) because he threatened their way of life.’ Discuss
this statement. Give your opinion and show that you have thought about different points ofperiod.6
State four aspects of the character of Muhammad (pbuh) that caused people to respect him.4
Relate how the incident of the replacing of the Black Stone (Hajr alAswad) showed the character of
Muhammad (pbuh).10
‘The message brought by the Prophet (pbuh) to the people of Mecca was not a new message.’ Discuss
this statement. Give your own opinion and show that you have thought about different points of view.6
Describe what happened when the Prophet (pbuh) was looking for a place to stay in Medina.4
Give an account of the Charter (Constitution) of Medina. 10
What lessons about tolerance might Muslims learn today from the attitude of the Prophet (pbuh)
towards the Jews of Medina? 6
Describe the part played by Abu Sufyan’s caravan in the lead up to the Battle of Badr.4
Give an account of the ways in which the Muslims believed God helped them during the Battle of Badr.
10
‘At Badr, the Muslims had more to lose than the Quraish.’ Discuss this statement. Give your own opinion
and show that you have thought about different points of view.6
Describe the event when Sura Alaq was revealed and explain the significance of the teachings in these
verses.12
‘Studying religion increases faith.’ Discuss this statement. Give your own opinion and show that you
have thought about different points of view. You must refer to Islam in your answer.8
Explain the teachings in this Hadith and give two examples of good character 12
‘Actions that have to be done in secret are always wrong.’ Discuss this statement. Give your own opinion
and show that you have thought about different points of view. You must refer to Islam in your answer.
8
2068/23 October/November 2018
State four military campaigns in which Umar was victorious. 4
Give an account of how Umar improved life for the community under his rule.10
To what extent would you agree that the Four Pious Caliphs encouraged consultation? 6
Identify four problems Uthman faced at the beginning of his Caliphate.4
Describe the ways in which Uthman addressed these problems.10
The Caliph Uthman was too weak to be a successful leader.’6
Give four examples of moral teachings from the Hadith that you have studied.4
Describe the methods used to ensure the narrators of Hadith could be trusted.10
Discuss the extent to which the Hadith are still relevant for today’s world. Give two reasons to support
your answer.6
How did Allah make Adam (AS)?4
Explain how and why Adam (AS) disobeyed Allah.10
‘Muslims should not worry about disobedience because Allah will always forgive them.’ Do you agree?
Explain your answer, with reference to the story of Adam (AS).6
Describe how Muslims use the Qur’an in their worship and in the home.12
Reciting the Qur’an is more important than translating it.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to support your
views.8
Describe when and how Muslims say du’a prayers and explain their significance.12
‘Giving Zakat is the best way to unite Muslim communities.’ Discuss this statement and give reasons to
support your views.8
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State four actions Uthman took to ensure the Qur’an was accurately preserved4
Describe the ways in which Uthman changed the state that he ruled.10
Uthman’s greatest achievement was to preserve the Qur’an.’ Discuss this statement and give reasons to
support your views.6
How did Ali become Caliph, despite his reluctance to do so?4
Give an account of the campaign of Caliph Ali against the Kharijites.10
Ali was unsuccessful because he did not want to become Caliph.’ Discuss this statement and give
reasons to support your views.6
State the four different classifications of Hadith according to their reliability.4
Relate the methods used by the collectors to ensure the content of Hadith were reliable.10
‘The Qur’an alone can solve all problems.’ Assess this statement, giving reasons to agree or disagree
with it.6
Give an account of the stages of the Hajj pilgrimage.12
Spending money on pilgrimage is less important than donating to charity.’ Discuss this statement with
reference to Islam.8
Describe Muslim belief in predestination and its significance for Muslims.12
‘Greater Jihad is in the heart of the believer.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to support your point of
view.8
2068/12 October/November 2019
State four types of trade practised at Mecca during the Pre-Islamic period.4
Give an account of Mecca as a place of pilgrimage during the Pre-Islamic period.10
Discuss the factors Muslims might consider when choosing a job.6
Describe four features of idol worship in Pre-Islamic Arabia.4
Explain the importance of Ibrahim (AS) for people in the Pre-Islamic period.10
To what extent is it important for Muslims to know the history of their religion? Give reasons to support
your answer.6
Give four reasons why the Quraish opposed Muhammad (pbuh).4
Give an account of what happened on the night Muhammad (pbuh) left Mecca for Medina. 10
Discuss the importance of migration to the spread of Islam.6
What part did the Muslim archers play in the Battle of Uhud?4
Give an account of how the Muslims won the Battle of Trench.10
Discuss how Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) inspired great loyalty amongst his followers6
Explain the teachings in Sura An Naas and their relevance for Muslims today.12
What is the best way for Muslims today to know about God’s message for humankind? Give reasons to
support your answer.8
Explain the teaching in this Hadith and give examples of how it might be put into practice by Muslims.12
The teachings in the Hadiths are about using your own judgement.’ Discuss.
2068/13 October/November 2019
Name four of the religious groups in Pre-Islamic Arabia.4
Give an account of the social conditions during the Pre-Islamic period.10
‘Society in Pre-Islamic Arabia was not totally corrupt.’ Discuss this statement and give reasons to
support your answer.6
Describe the circumstances that led to the marriage between Muhammad (pbuh) and Khadijah.4
Give an account of Muhammad’s first meeting with the angel Gabriel (Jibril) at cave Hira.10
‘It is important for Muslims to know about the early life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).’ Discuss this
statement and give reasons to support your answer.6
State four features of the boycott on the early Muslims in Mecca.6
Give an account of the events that occurred when Muhammad (pbuh) attempted to preach about Islam
in Taif.10
Muhammad’s experience at Taif was not encouraging.’ To what extent do you agree? Give reasons to
support your answer.6
State four of the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah.4
Give an account of the events of the Conquest of Mecca before Muhammad (pbuh) entered the city. 10
Discuss the lessons that might be learned by Muslims leaders from Muhammad’s actions when he
entered the city of Mecca.6
Explain the teachings in Sura Fateha.12
Assess the ways in which being accountable on the Day of Judgement might influence the life of a
Muslim. 8
Explain the teachings in this Hadith and give examples of how they might be put into practice by
Muslims.12
Discuss the ways in which the example of Muhammad (pbuh) is relevant to Muslims today. Use one
other Hadith you have studied to support your answer.8
2068/22 October/November 2019
Briefly describe how Abu Bakr organised the military.4
Give an account of how Abu Bakr dealt with the false prophets.10
In what ways does Abu Bakr provide a model for government today?6
How did Uthman die?4
Explain how Ali became Caliph.10
To what extent were Ali’s military campaigns successful? Give reasons to support your answer.6
Identify four methods used to check the reliability of Hadith transmitters (isnad).4
Summarise how the Qur’an was revealed in Mecca, after the Night of Power until the migration to
Medina. 10
‘The Qur’an is more important than the Hadith.’ Discuss this statement, giving two reasons to support
your answer.6
Give an account of what Muslims believe about the signs of the last days and events on the Day of
Resurrection.12
‘The role of the prophets is more significant than that of the angels.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to
support your views.8
Explain Muslim teachings about Jihad.12
The most demanding Pillar is fasting (Sawm) in Ramadan.’ Discuss this statement and give reasons to
support your views.8
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Identify four events that happened in the Battle of Camel (Jamal). 4
Explain the events that led to the Battle of Camel (Jamal).10
'Ali was a good negotiator.' To what extent do you agree? Give two reasons to support your answer.6
Give four characteristics of Caliph Umar.4
Explain the changes Umar made to encourage people to follow Islam.10
‘Umar was an effective ruler.’ Discuss this statement with reference to the rule of Caliph Umar.6
State four occasions when Muhammad (pbuh) received revelations.4
Give an account of how the Caliphs ensured the Qur'an was preserved.10
‘It was not intended for the Qur’an to be written down.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to support your
answer.6
Give an account of the meaning of Tawhid.12
‘A Muslim does not need any help to understand the Qur’an.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to support
your views.8
Outline how Muslims prepare for and perform their early morning prayers (Fajr).12
Discuss the importance of observing the five daily prayers for Muslims.8
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Describe how poetry played a part in Arab life in the Pre-Islamic period.4
Give an account of how trade and pilgrimage were important in Mecca at this time.10
‘Only the poor people of Mecca became Muslims.’ To what extent do you agree? Give reasons for your
answer.6
Describe the role played by ‘Abd al-Muttalib in the early life of Muhammad (pbuh).4
Give an account of the signs in his early life that Muhammad (pbuh) was chosen by God.10
‘The visit to Waraqa bin Nawfal proved that Muhammad (pbuh) was to be a prophet.’ To what extent do
you agree? Give reasons to support your answer.6
Give four features of Muhammad’s special relationship with his daughter Fatima4
Explain the importance of the title ‘Seal of the Prophets’ and what it means for Muslims.10
For most people, the internet is now an important source of information about Islam.’ Discuss this
statement. Give your own opinion and reasons for your answer.6
Briefly describe how Muhammad (pbuh) delivered his message at the hill of al-Safa.4
Give an account of the Mi’raj, when the Prophet (pbuh) was taken on the Night Journey.10
‘The Mi’raj gave the Prophet (pbuh) the courage to complete his mission.’ Discuss this statement. Give
reasons for your answer.6
Explain the reason why Sura Kauthar was revealed and the teachings it contains.12
‘If people suffer they should not blame God.’ Discuss this statement. Give your own opinion and reasons
for your answer. You must refer to Islam in your answer.8
Explain the teachings in this Hadith and give two examples of how they might be put into practice.12
‘Making the right decisions is difficult in today’s world.’ To what extent do you agree? Give reasons for
your answer.8
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State four beliefs about God held by the hanifs. 4
Outline the role of the Shaykh in the Pre-Islamic period.10
Discuss which aspects of Arab character led Arabs to become Muslims.6
State four religious beliefs or practices from the Pre-Islamic period that were continued by the
Muslims.4
Outline two examples from the early life of Muhammad (pbuh) that showed his character.10
‘The early life of the Prophet (pbuh) influenced his later teachings on the care of orphans.’ To what
extent do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.6
Give two ways in which Khadija supported Muhammad (pbuh) after their marriage.4
Give an account of the measures taken against the Prophet (pbuh) by the Quraish after he had made his
message public.10
Muslims should follow the example of the Prophet (pbuh) when they face persecution today.’ To what
extent do you agree? Give your own opinion and reasons for your answer.6
Describe the events that happened in Medina when the Prophet (pbuh) became ill and died.4
Give an account of the teachings in the Farewell Sermon.10
To what extent do Muslims today follow the teaching of the Prophet (pbuh) about equality? Give your
own opinion and reasons for your aanswer.6
Explain the meaning of these verses of Sura Alaq which were revealed to Muhammad (pbuh) in cave
Hira.12
How might Muslims today make good use of the abilities given to them by God? Give examples and
show that you have thought about different points of view.8
Explain the teachings in this Hadith and give examples of how it might be put into practice by
Muslims.12
‘Being kind is not the best way to help others.’ To what extent do you agree? Give reasons to support
your answer. You must refer to Islam in your answer.8
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Identify four regions where Abu Bakr expanded the Islamic Empire.4
Explain how Abu Bakr ruled in accordance with the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).10
Abu Bakr’s rule provides a good model for Muslim society.’ Discuss this statement and show you have
thought about different points of view6
Give four characteristics of Caliph ‘Ali.4
Explain ‘Ali’s policies towards expanding and maintaining his state. 10
‘Ali’s Caliphate was significant for the development of Islam.’ Do you agree? Give two reasons to
support your point of view.6
Outline the last revelation in Medina.4
Explain the importance of the Qur’an as the basis of all thought and action in Islam10
‘It is more practical to use the Hadith with the Qur’an.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer with
reference to different points of view.6
Explain why Adam (AS) needed to be sent to Earth. 10
In what ways is Adam (AS) an example for Muslims today?6
Outline Muslim belief in God.12
‘Muhammad (pbuh) changed everyone’s view of God.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to support your
views.8
Describe how Muslims observe the festival of Id-ul-Fitr. 12
‘The occasion of Id-ul-Fitr is the most important day of the year for Muslims.’ Do you agree? Explain
your answer with reference to different points of view.8
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Describe Caliph Abu Bakr as a leader. 4
Explain how Abu Bakr’s policies helped people to follow Islam.10
‘Abu Bakr promoted tolerance of different beliefs.’ Discuss this statement and show that you have
thought about different points of view.6
Identify four events which occurred during ‘Ali’s Caliphate.4
Explain the significance of ‘Ali’s leadership for Muslims today10
Discuss which aspect of ‘Ali’s rule was most significant. Give reasons to support your point of view. 6
Give four reasons why the Hadith are important.4
Explain the classification of Hadith according to their reliability.10
‘The Hadith are easy to apply in Muslims’ lives today.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer and show that
you have thought about different points of view.6
Outline Muslim beliefs in predestination and decree.12
‘It does not matter what Muslims do, their fate is already decided.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to
support your answer and show that you have considered different points of view.8
Outline the rituals Muslims perform during the Hajj pilgrimyour12
‘The best way to renew faith is to perform Hajj.’ Discuss this statement and give reasons to support
your views.8
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2068/12 October/November 2021
Give four occupations that were common in Mecca in Pre-Islamic times4
Give an account of the different ways in which polytheism was practised in Pre-Islamic times. 10
‘There were many good features in Arab society during the Pre-Islamic period.’ Discuss this statement
and show that you have thought about different points of view. 6
Give four reasons why the young Muhammad (pbuh) was cared for by Halima. 4
What aspects of the character of Muhammad (pbuh) signified that he might be a future prophet? 10
‘Muhammad (pbuh) was well supported in his childhood.’ Discuss this statement and show that you
have thought about different points of view.6
Explain why Abu Bakr needed to rescue Bilal. 4
Describe the relationship between Muhammad (pbuh) and Abu Bakr during the Prophet’s lifetime.10
‘The support of the early Muslims was important to the mission of Muhammad (pbuh) in Mecca.’
Discuss this statement and show that you have thought about different points of view. 6
Describe what happened to ‘Uthman when the Muslims camped at Hudaibiya. 4
Give an account of the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiya and the reaction of the Muslims to the signing
of the Treaty.10
Signing the Treaty of Hudaibiya showed the leadership qualities of the Prophet (pbuh). Discuss how
leaders today might follow his example. 6
‘Muslims can find solutions to all their problems in the Qur’an.’ Discuss this statement and show that
you have thought about different points of view. 8
Explain the teaching in this Hadith and give two examples of how these teachings might be put into
practice.12
To what extent can following this Hadith be a challenge for Muslims? Give reasons to support your
answer. 8
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Describe the economic system used in Mecca during Pre-Islamic times.4
Describe the treatment of slaves, women and infant girls in Pre-Islamic Arabia. 10
‘Khadija’s moral support for the mission of the Prophet (pbuh) was significant.’ Discuss this statement
and show that you have thought about different points of view. 6
Give four features of nomadic life in Pre-Islamic Arabia.4
Give an account of the importance of the Ka’ba in Mecca in Pre-Islamic Arabia.10
In what ways were the actions of Muhammad (pbuh) in the dispute of replacing the black stone an
example for Muslims today? Give reasons to support your answer.6
Describe the relationship between Muhammad (pbuh) and ‘Ali.4
Give an account of ‘Ali’s services to Islam during the Prophet’s lifetime. 10
What benefits are there for society today in following the example of brotherhood that Muhammad
(pbuh) created in Medina?6
Give four reasons why the Quraish wanted to fight the Muslims at Uhud.4
Give an account of the events of the Battle of Uhud.10
‘There were lessons to be learned from the defeat at Uhud.’ Discuss this statement and show that you
have thought about different points of view.6
Explain the teachings in Sura An Naas and why Muslims need to be aware of these teachings.12
‘Reading the Qur’an is the best way for Muslims to know about God’s message for humankind.’ Discuss
this statement and show that you have thought about different points of view.8
Explain the teachings in this Hadith and give two examples of how it might be put into practice by
Muslims today.12
In what ways might believers overcome doubt when following Islam? Give reasons to support your
answer.8
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Give four events which occurred during Abu Bakr's Caliphate.4
Describe how Abu Bakr became Caliph.10
Choose one Caliph and explain how he left a model that could be used by governments today. Give
reasons to support your answer.6
State four facilities ‘Umar provided for his people.4
Describe the ways in which ‘Umar strengthened the Caliphate.10
Which of ‘Umar's achievements contributed most towards developing a pious society? Give reasons to
support your answer.6
Give the names of four companions who narrated Hadith.4
Describe how the four categories of Hadith were classified.10
To what extent should Muslims only use sound Hadith? Give reasons to support your answer.6
Describe the occasions when Muslims say the Shahada and its significance. 12
Discuss how the Shahada influences the other Pillars of Islam. Give reasons to support your answer. 8
Explain Muslim funeral rites and the meaning behind the rituals.12
Assess the importance of funeral rites for Muslim communities.8
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Give four regions ruled by the Caliphate during ‘Ali's time.4
Describe ‘Ali's approach to leading the Muslim community.10
To what extent does ‘Ali provide a good model of government for Muslims today? Give reasons to
support your answer.6
Give four reasons why Abu Bakr did not become Caliph immediately after Muhammad’s death.4
Describe how Abu Bakr dealt with problems which arose during his Caliphate. 10
Assess the significance of the time of the Four Pious Caliphs for Muslim societies today. 6
Give four ways in which the Prophet (pbuh) received revelations in the Medinan period. 4
Describe the actions taken by Abu Bakr and ‘Umar to collect the Qur'an.10
To what extent are Abu Bakr and ‘Umar’s actions to collect the Qur’an significant for Muslims today?
Give reasons to support your answer. 6
Discuss the ways in which Muslims might resist temptation in their lives today.6
Describe who should receive Zakat and explain why they should receive it.l2
Assess the significance of Zakat for the Muslim community (ummah).8
Describe how Muslims observe the festival of Id-ul-Adha 12
'Id-ul-Adha is mainly a family occasion.' Discuss this statement and show you have thought about
different points oMuslims 8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2068/13October/November 2022
Give four features of the lifestyle of the Arabs living outside the cities in Pre–Islamic Arabia.4
Give an account of the life and activities of the city dwellers in Mecca during the Pre-Islamic period.10
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the tribal system for the Arabs. 6
Describe how the well of Zamzam was first discovered.4
Give an account of the aspects of religious life that were kept and adapted when the Arabs became
Muslims.10
To what extent is the story of Ibrahim a focus of pilgrimage (Hajj) today? Give reasons to support your
answer.6
Describe the people’s reaction when the Prophet (pbuh) first preached at Safa.4
In what ways was the tribal clan system both a means of protection and a source of danger to
Muhammad (pbuh)? 10
What lessons might Muslims today learn from the Prophet’s reaction when his preaching was rejected?
6
Describe what the Prophet (pbuh) said in his Farewell Sermon about the rights of women.4
Outline the significance of Hafsa and Aisha in the life of the Prophet (pbuh).10
Answer Marks 4(c) ‘The Prophet (pbuh) left Muslims his example regarding the status of women.’
Discuss two important lessons that Muslims might learn from this.6
Explain the teaching in Sura Kauthar and how it was a message of encouragement for Muhammad
(pbuh).12
Discuss different ways in which the Qur’an offers encouragement to Muslims in difficult circumstances.8
Explain the teaching in this Hadith and give examples of how it might help Muslims to make the right
decisions.12
‘The beliefs all Muslims share are more important than any differences.’ Discuss this statement and
show that you have thought about different points of view.8
2068/12October/November 2022
Describe the types of agriculture common in Pre–Islamic Arabia.4
Give an account of Muhammad’s early life with his uncle, Abu Talib.10
In his early life, Muhammad (pbuh) had several guardians. To what extent might this have prepared him
for prophethood? Give reasons to support your answer.6
Describe the tribal code of honour that existed in Pre–Islamic Arabia.4
Describe what changed in the tribal system when the Arabs became Muslims.10
Discuss two different ways in which Muslims today show loyalty to the Muslim community (ummah). 6
Give brief details of the two groups of Muslims who emigrated to Abyssinia.4
Give an account of what happened at the court of the Abyssinian Ruler, the Negus10
To what extent is the migration to Abyssinia similar to migrations today? Give reasons to support your
answer.6
Describe how the Prophet (pbuh) created brotherhood between the Ansar and the Muhajirun when he
first arrived in Medina. 4
Outline the different stages of the Battle of Uhud.10
In your opinion, what was the most important lesson the Muslims learned from the Battle of Uhud? Give
reasons to support your answer. 6
Explain the main teachings of Sura Ikhlas and why it was a response to the unbelievers of Mecca.12
Discuss the importance of reciting the Qur’an with accuracy in today’s world. 8
Explain the teaching in this Hadith and give examples of how Muslims might behave well towards
people. 12
Choose one other Hadith that you know and discuss the relevance of its teaching to the lives of Muslims
today .8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2068/22October/November 2022
Give the names of four false prophets who appeared under the rule of Abu Bakr.4
Describe the ways in which Abu Bakr promoted security and freedom for his people.10
‘Abu Bakr’s use of consultation is an example for leaders today’. Do you agree? Give reasons to support
your answer.6
Describe ‘Umar’s role in the election of Abu Bakr as Caliph.4
Outline the reforms ‘Umar made during his Caliphate.10
In what ways was the reign of ‘Umar significant for the history of Islam? Give reasons to support your
answAbu6
Give the names of four scribes of the Qur’an4
Explain the ways in which the Qur’an influences Muslims in all that they do. 10
Discuss two ways in which Muslims can show the beauty of the Qur’an.6
Give four actions taken by Musa’s mother to protect her child. 4
Describe how Musa (AS) led his people to escape from Pharaoh and the Egyptians.10
In what ways is the life of Musa (AS) similar to the life of Muhammad (pbuh)? Give reasons to support
your answer.6
Explain the functions which Muslims believe prophets carried out.12
Choose two of these functions and discuss their significance for Muslims today. 8
Describe the practice of fasting (Sawm) for Muslims during Ramadan.12
The more difficult the fast, the greater the reward’. Discuss this statement and show that you have
thought about different points of view. 8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2068/23October/November 2022
State four things Abu Bakr did when Muhammad (pbuh) died.4
Explain how Abu Bakr dealt with other states. 10
Discuss why the period of the Four Pious Caliphs is seen as a model by some Muslims. 6
Briefly describe the events regarding the death of Umar.4
Explain how ‘Uthman dealt with the problems he faced during his reign. 10
In your opinion, what was ‘Uthman’s greatest achievement? Give reasons to support your answer.6
State four objects on which the Qur’an was written during the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh).4
Give an account of the role of Zayd ibn Thabit in the compilation of the Qur’an.10
In your opinion, which stage of compiling the Qur’an was most significant? Give reasons to support your
answer.6
Identify two different types of prophet and give an example of each.4
Choose two prophets and describe the ways they warned their people.10
Discuss the lessons Muslims today could learn from the warnings given by prophets 6
Explain what Muslims believe about the nature and duties of angels.12
Discuss the significance of angels in the lives of Muslims today.8
Describe the relationship between the belief in one God (tawhid) and the statement of Shahada.12
Discuss the significance of declaring the Shahada when choosing to become a Muslim.8
O Levels Islamic Religion and Culture
2056 October/November 2009
Describe the structure of the tribal system in Arabia before Islam.10
To what extent did tribal attitudes change when people became Muslim? [10]
Outline the Prophet’s first experience of revelation.10
Why did the Prophet’s early revelations cause the Meccans to oppose him? [10]
What were the main features of the Constitution [sahifah] of Medina? 01 [10]
Did the Prophet achieve harmony amongst the residents by this document? [10]
Describe what occurred during the Conquest of Mecca. 01 [10]
Why was this conquest important for the Prophet? [10
Relate what happened in the last year of the Prophet’s life.10
How significant was the farewell address he gave during his pilgrimage? 10
Describe how Abu Bakr was elected as Caliph. 10
Why is the era of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs known as the Golden Age of Islam? [10]
How were the revelations preserved and finally compiled as the Qur’an during the Caliphates of Abu
Bakr and Uthman? [10]
How do the Qur’an and Hadith differ in importance? [10]
How does the description of the Last Day in Sura Zilzal have an impact on Muslims? [10]
What lessons can Muslims learn from this?
Who are the people entitled to be recipients of zakat? [10]
Why is zakat important in Muslim life? Give five reasons. [10]
Describe the religious rites that are performed when a Muslim dies 01 [10
What is the religious significance of Id-ud-Doha [Id ul Adha]? [10]
What principles were used to classify the Hadith as being sahih, hasan, daif and mauzu? [10]
Hadith 13 is on the concept of brotherly love. How could Muslims put its teachings into practice in their
own lives? Hadith 13: ‘None of you [truly] believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for
himself. [10]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2056 October/November 2010
Describe the importance of Mecca to the Arabs before Islam. 10
To what extent did socio-economic conditions change after the Arabs became Muslim?10
Write an account of (i) the boycott of the Banu Hashim and (ii) the Prophet’s visit to Taif.10
How significant was the hijra for the Prophet and his followers? 10
What guidelines did the Prophet establish for the communal life of Medina? 10
How did the Jewish tribes of Medina react to his authority? [10]
Give an account of the events leading up to the battle of the Trench [Khandaq] and what happened
during the battle. [10]
Explain the significance of this victory for the Muslims. [10]
Describe what occurred between the Muslims and the Meccans at Hudaibiyah. 10
What do these events show about the relationship between the Prophet and his followers on this
occasion? [10]
Describe the relationship between the Prophet and Ali in the years after the first revelation.10
To what extent was Ali successful during his Caliphate?
Describe what you know about the structure of the Qur’an.
Why is it important for Muslims to read the Qur’an?
What do Muslims believe about Allah?
Why is Sura Alaq: 1-5 important to Muslims?
Describe the main events in the life of Prophet Ibrahim as related in the Qur’an.
Examine the particular links between Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Muhammad.
Describe the rites performed during the Hajj. [10]
Explain how the Hajj unites the Muslim community. [10]
How is a marriage ceremony conducted ?
What do you think is meant by the Hadith ‘Marriage is half of faith’? [10]
How did Muslims classify Hadith into sahih, hasan, daif and mauzu?
How would you apply the teaching of the Hadith on generosity in your life? [10]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2011 2056
Outline the religious beliefs and practices of the Arabs during the the Age of Ignorance [jahiliyya]. [10]
Which of these beliefs do you think Prophet Muhammad adapted and included in Islam?
What was the importance of (i) Halimah and 01 (ii) Khadijah in the life of Prophet Muhammad?
How appropriate were the titles as-Sadiq [the Truthful] and Al-Amin [the Trustworthy] that were given
to him before the coming of Islam? [10
Describe the opposition faced by Prophet Muhammad and the early Muslims in Mecca. [10]
What lessons do Muslims learn from Prophet Muhammad’s behaviour and attitude during those times
of difficulty? [10]
Describe (i) the causes that led to the battle of Badr and (ii) explain what happened during the battle.
Why was Badr a significant turning point for the Muslims?
Explain the relationship of brotherhood that the Prophet encouraged between the Muslims of Medina
[ansar] and the emigrants from Mecca [muhajirun]. [10]
What changes occurred in the life of Muslims after they settled in Medina?
Describe what happened on the day Umar accepted Islam.
What would you consider were the main achievements of Umar’s Caliphate?
Describe what you know about the contents of the Qur’an. [10]
Explain the significance of the Qur’an for Muslims. [10]
Give (i) the background and (ii) main teachings of Sura Ikhlas [Sura 112].
Explain how belief in Allah affects the life of a Muslim. [10]
Why is it important for Muslims to believe in prophets?
Describe how Muslims perform the ritual of preparing for prayer.
Why is prayer [salat] considered the foundation of religion? 10
Describe the ceremonies that follow the birth of a baby in a Muslim family.10
To what extent is the mosque a focal point in the lives of Muslims?10
In the Hadith you have studied what did the Prophet say and mean when he spoke about (i) tolerance
and (ii) evil?
Why is it important to follow the Hadith and sunnah of the Prophet?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2012 2056
Describe the social conditions of the Arabs during the Age of Ignorance
Explain the significance of the change in social conditions with the coming of Islam.
What was the importance of i. Bahira and ii. Waraqah bin Nawfal in the early years of the Prophet’s life?
How did the experiences of the Prophet’s early life mould his character?
Describe what happened the night the Prophet migrated [made hijrah] to Medina and the behaviour of
the Quraish at this time.
Why do you think the Prophet was more successful in Medina as compared to the years he lived in
Mecca?
Was were the reasons for the battle of Uhud?
Was the outcome of Uhud a defeat for the Muslims and what were the consequences for both sides?
Describe how i. Abu Bakr and later ii. Umar were elected Caliph [khalifa].
Why was the relationship between the Prophet and Abu Bakr special?
What common characteristics did the four Rightly Guided Caliphs possess?
Reflecting on the years they ruled discuss any two aspects of their administration that may have lessons
for Muslim rulers today.
What role did Zayd bin Thabit play in the collection of the Qur’an?
There is a tradition of reciting the Qur’an. Why has it been important to Muslims through the ages?
Describe what you know and understand about Sura Kauthar [108].
What is the importance of Sura Fateha [1:1-7] for Muslims?
What are the daily features of observing the fast in Ramadan?
Why is this month considered special in the Muslim calendar?
Write what you know about the first pillar of Islam, the Declaration of Faith [the kalimah].
Choose one of the following: obligatory prayer [salat], fasting [sawm], zakat or Hajj and consider how
important it is to a Muslim.
What rules were followed by Hadith scholars/collectors in deciding which Hadith were sahih?
Why do Muslims need to know about the Prophet’s Hadith and his actions [sunnah]?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2013 2056 variant 1
Describe the life and activities of the people of Mecca during the Age of Ignorance [jahiliya
How were the Prophet’s diplomatic qualities demonstrated in the part he played in the rebuilding of the
Ka’aba in 605CE?
What was the importance of i. Fatima and ii. Aisha during the life of the Prophet?
What lessons do Muslims learn from the Prophet’s behaviour towards his wives and women in general?
Describe the Prophet’s relationship with i. his uncle Abu Talib and ii. his friend Abu Bakr.
Why did the Prophet [pbuh] inspire great loyalty amongst his followers? 01 [10]
Describe how the two Pledges of Aqabah were made.
Why were the Pledges important to the Prophet [pbuh] and to the pilgrims from Yathrib?
Describe the main teachings of the Prophet’s farewell address.
Choose five of these teachings and discuss how Muslims can apply them in their lives.
What were the positive achievements of Uthman’s Caliphate?
Although he was deeply respected as a man of learning, Ali encountered difficulties as a ruler. Explain
why?
Describe the Prophet’s first experience of revelation.
Reading the Qur’an with understanding is the best way to learn about Islam.’ Discuss.
Outline the main teachings of sura Zilzal. [99:1–8]
Explain how these teachings affect the life of Muslims.[10]
Describe the story of the Prophet Adam as related in the Qur’an.
A number of acts of disobedience are included in this story. What can Muslims learn from them? [10]
Describe how Muslims celebrate Id ul Fitr [Eid ul Fitr].
Why are the celebrations of the two Ids [Eids] important in Islam? [10
What rituals are performed following the death of a Muslim? [10]
Why is personal prayer [dua] important in the life of a Muslim? [10]
Explain what is meant by the following two Hadith: (i) 01 ‘Leave that which makes you doubt for that
which does not make you doubt.’ [5]
None of you (truly) believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.’ [5]
Choose one of these Hadith and explain how Muslims can apply it in their lives. [10]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2014 2056 12
Write about the importance of Mecca in pre-Islamic Arabia.
Was the tribal system before the coming of Islam good for the Arabs? Discuss.
Describe how the relationship between Khadijah and Muhammad [pbuh] developed and led to their
marriage.
What can be learnt from this long and happy relationship?
What was the importance of (i) Umar, and (ii) Ali among the early Muslims in Mecca in the years before
the hijrah?
Explain what gave strength to the early Muslims to face the persecution they received from the Quraish.
Write about (i) how the human voice was chosen to call Muslims for prayer and (ii) the change in the
direction of prayer [qiblah].
What was the nature of the relationship between the Prophet [pbuh] and the Muslims in Medina?
What were the events leading up to the Conquest of Mecca?
Explain how the behaviour of the Prophet [pbuh] at the Conquest of Mecca demonstrated his character.
Describe what happened during Abu Bakr’s reign as Caliph
Explain the contribution Abu Bakr made to Islam before he became Caliph.
How did the Prophet [pbuh] (i) receive revelations and (ii) how were these revelations collected and
recorded during his lifetime?
Comment on the significance of verses 1 to 5 of Sura Alaq [96].
Outline the main teachings of Sura Fateha [1:1–7]
Discuss the use of ‘In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful’ [Bismillah ar Rahman ar
Rahim] in the life of a Muslim.
Write about the importance of (i) reciting the talbiyah before Hajj and (ii) the Standing [wuquf] at Arafat.
Why is Hajj an important achievement in the life of a Muslim?
What occurs when a Muslim marriage ceremony takes place?
‘And among His signs is that He created spouses from among yourselves for you to live with in
tranquillity...’ [30:21] Discuss with reference to marriage in Islam.
Describe and briefly explain the four main types of Hadith.
As Muslims have the Qur’an to what extent do they need the Hadith?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2014 2056 13
Describe the social life and traditions of the Arabs during the pre-Islamic Period. [10]
To what extent did the social conditions change after the Arabs became Muslim? [10]
What was the importance of (i) Khadijah and (ii) Abu Bakr in the life of the Prophet [pbuh] in Mecca?
Explain why the Prophet [pbuh] faced opposition in Mecca during the first twelve years of Islam.
Write an account of (i) the Boycott of the Banu Hashim and (ii) the Prophet’s visit to Taif.
How significant was the hijrah to Medina for the Prophet [pbuh] and the further development of Islam?
[10]
Describe (i) the causes that led to the battle of Badr and (ii) explain what happened during the battle.
Why was the victory at Badr a defining moment for the Muslims? [10
Give an account of the events that resulted in the Treaty of Hudaibiyah. [10]
What do these events show about the Prophet’s attitude when his leadership was tested on this
occasion? [10
Describe (i) what changed in Mecca when Umar accepted Islam and (ii) what happened when he arrived
in Jerusalem as Caliph.
Give two examples to suggest what governments in Muslim countries can learn from the principles
followed by the Four Pious Caliphs.
Describe the collection of the Qur’anic verses during the lifetime of the Prophet [pbuh] and the
Caliphate of Abu Bakr.
Why was the preserving of the Qur’an important to the growth of Islam? [10]
Describe what is taught in the verses 1 to 5 of Sura Alaq [96]. [10]
Why are these verses particularly important for Muslims? [10]
…We make no distinction between any of them...’ [2:136]. Discuss this statement with reference to
Allah’s prophets. [10]
Describe what Muslims must do before they begin to pray. [10
To what extent is the mosque [masjid] essential in the lives of Muslims? [10]
From the Articles of Faith explain what you know about (i) belief in Allah and (ii) belief in His angels
How does belief in the Last Day [youm al akhirah] affect the life of a Muslim? [10].
Explain the role of Hadith in Islam.
From the Hadith you have studied discuss the concept of tolerance in Islam and how a Muslim should
act. [10]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2015 2056 12
Describe the structure of the tribal system in pre-Islamic Arabia.
What positive aspects of their earlier lives did the Arabs retain after they became Muslim?
Relate what you know about (i) the Prophet’s grandfather Abd al Muttalib and (ii) his mother Aminah.
What made the Meccans give Muhammad (pbuh) the titles of the Truthful (al-Sadiq) and the
Trustworthy (al-Amin)? [10]
Why did some early Muslims migrate to Abyssinia, and what happened there? [10]
Explain the importance of migration (hijrah) for the early Muslims and the Prophet (pbuh). [10]
What were the main features of the Constitution which the Prophet (pbuh) laid out in Medina?
What lessons can Muslims today learn from this document? [10]
Describe (i) the events that led up to the Battle of the Trench (Khandaq) and (ii) what happened during
the confrontation. [1] [
What did the final outcome of this confrontation mean for both sides?
Describe the relationship between the Prophet (pbuh) and Ali in the years after the first revelation. [10]
Why is the era of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs known as the Golden Age Islam? [10]
What is understood by the words from the Qur’an used commonly by Muslims (i) alhamdulillah (all
praise is for Allah) and (ii) insha’Allah (if Allah wills)?
Explain why Muslims believe they should follow the Qur’an.[10]
Sura Ikhlas (112) represents what a Muslim believes about Allah.’ Discuss. [10]
Relate how Prophet Ibrahim, Hajirah and their son Ismail are remembered the rituals of Hajj and Umra.
[10]
Explain the importance of the Ka’aba for Muslims. [10]
Who is entitled to receive Zakat?
Why do you think Zakat was made a pillar of Islam? [10
What is the significance of (i) Laylat al-Qadr and (ii) Tarawih prayers during Ramadan? [
In what ways does Ramadan strengthen Muslims as individuals and as a community? [10]
In the Hadith you have studied, what did the Prophet (pbuh) say and mean when he spoke about (i)
doubt and (ii) tolerance?
Why is Hadith literature important for Muslims?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2015 2056 13
Describe the economic system of the Arabs during the pre-Islamic period.
To what extent did the socio-economic way of life change after the Arabs became Muslim
Give an account of the Prophet’s proclamation at Safa and the reaction of the Meccans to this
Explain the significance of the Prophet’s Night Journey [al isra w’al mi’raj].
What was the importance in the life of the Prophet [pbuh] of (i) the cave of Hira and (ii) the cave of
Thawr?
Why do you think the Prophet [pbuh] adopted a friendly approach towards the Jews of Medina and how
successful was this strategy?
Why are (i) Hamza and (ii) Bilal remembered in the history of Islam?
Discuss the ways in which the teaching and example of the Prophet [pbuh] raised the status of women
in Islam.
Relate what happened to the Prophet [pbuh] during the last year of his life.
What made him a successful ruler?
What is the importance of the farewell address the Prophet [pbuh] delivered at the Hajj?
What were the main achievements of Umar’s Caliphate?
Describe what you know about the structure of the Qur’an.
Reading the Qur’an with understanding is vital for Muslims.’ Discuss.
Give (i) the background of when Sura Kauthar [108] was revealed and (ii) your understanding of the
teaching it contains.
Explain why prayer [salat] is considered the foundation of Islam.
Outline the rituals of the Hajj.
How does performing the Hajj impact on the life of a Muslim and the community of Muslims worldwide?
Describe the ceremonies that follow the birth of a baby in a Muslim family
What do you think Muslim parents should teach their children?
What do Muslims understand by (i) Hadith 16 when the Prophet [pbuh] was asked several times for his
advice and his reply was ‘Do not become angry’; Hadith 39 when he said ‘Allah has pardoned for me my
people for mistakes and forgetfulness and for what they have done under duress’?
Why did Muslims consider it important to collect the Hadith?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2016 2056 12
Describe the religious beliefs and practices of the Arabs in Pre-Islamic times.
What signs in the early life of Muhammad (pbuh) were indications that he would be called to be a
Prophet?
Give an account of the Prophet’s relationship with (i) Fatima and (ii) Aisha
Explain how the Prophet’s attitude towards women may be seen as an example for Muslims today.
Describe how the Quraish in Mecca persecuted the Prophet (pbuh) and the early Muslims
Why was the Prophet (pbuh) (i) treated with contempt by the Meccans in the early days of Islam and
(ii) highly respected as a role model by his followers?
Describe what happened during the Battle of Uhud.
What were the consequences of this battle for the Muslims and the Meccans?
Describe the brotherhood that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) created between the Muslims of Medina
(ansar) and the migrants from Mecca (muhajirun).
What might Muslims today learn from the unity that the Prophet (pbuh) created in Medina?
Describe Abu Bakr’s success in overcoming the revolt against Islam (the apostasy wars) when he became
Caliph.
Ali was a rightful ruler but he experienced problems during his caliphate that could not be overcome.’
Discuss this statement.
Describe the features of the Qur’an that make it a sacred text for Muslims.
Explain the advantages of having a written Qur’an.
Describe the message conveyed in Sura Zilzal [99]
How might the teachings in Sura Zilzal influence Muslims in their daily life?
Describe how Muslims perform the ritual of daily prayer.
Explain why faith is considered incomplete without prayer.
Describe how Muslims celebrate Id-ud-Doha [‘Id al-Adha].
Explain why it is important to remember and include the poor during all occasions of celebration in
Islam.
What are the teachings in the set Hadith on (i) (ii) evil and forgiveness?
How, in present day situations, could Muslims apply the teachings on evil and forgiveness?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------October/November 2016 2056 13
Outline the importance of trade in Pre-Islamic Arabia.
Explain why the status of women changed after the advent of Islam.
What happened when the Prophet (pbuh) met with (i) Bahira and (ii) Waraqah bin Nawfal?
Before Muhammad (pbuh) became a prophet he was involved in repairing the Ka’aba. What did this
incident show about his character? [10]
After the deaths of Khadijah and Abu Talib, describe what happened to the Prophet (pbuh), when he
went outside Mecca to spread the message of Islam.
Explain how the Pledges of Aqaba encouraged the Prophet (pbuh) to make the Hijra. [10]
Give an account of what occurred between the Jews and the Muslims after the Jewish tribes were
expelled from Medina.
Explain why the Jewish tribes opposed the Prophet’s rule of Medina.
Outline the role played by (i) Salman al Farsi, in the Battle of Trench and (ii) Uthman, in the Treaty of
Hudaibiya.
Assess the ways in which the fortunes of the Muslims changed as a result of the battles of Badr, Uhud
and Trench.
Explain why a problem arose in electing a Caliph when the Prophet (pbuh) died.
Identify examples from the leadership of the Four Pious Caliphs that may have lessons for Muslim rulers
today. [10]
Describe the role of Zayd bin Thabit in the collection and compilation of the Qur’an.
Discuss the relevance of the Qur’an today compared to the time in which it was revealed.
Give an account of (i) the background and (ii) the main teachings of Sura Ikhlas [112].
Why is it important that there should be consistency among all Muslims in reciting the Qur’an? [10]
Describe the events in the early life of Musa, until he was forced to run away from Egypt. [10]
What does the story of Musa, as told in the Qur’an, teach about Allah’s relationship with his prophets?
[10]
Describe the main features of observing the daily fast during Ramadan.
What reasons might there be for not fasting during Ramadan and in what ways might compensation be
made for this? [10]
Describe the religious rites that are carried out when a Muslim dies. [10]
How might belief about Akirah (life after death) influence a Muslim’s attitude to death? [10]
Describe how the Qur’an and the Hadith are used together as primary sources of information about
Islam.
Hadith 13 is about the concept of brotherly love. How can Muslims put its teachings into practice in their
own lives? [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cambridge IGCSE Islamiyat
0493/11/M/J/16
Describe the ways in which Abu Bakr, ‘Umar and ‘Uthman were involved in the compilation of the
Qur’an. [10]
(b) ‘The Qur’an should not have been compiled in written form because it did not take place during the
Prophet’s lifetime.’ Agree or disagree with this statement, giving reasons for your answer.
The Prophet was described as humble and just. Giving examples from his life, write about events that
describe these qualities. [10]
(b) How can Muslims today apply the Prophet’s example of humility when dealing with either friends or
strangers?
The Prophet died in 632. Write about the events of the final year of his life. [10]
(b) The Farewell Sermon given by the Prophet contains teachings for Muslims of all times. Explain how
two of these teachings can be applied today.
The Prophet allowed some of the early Muslims to move to Abyssinia. Write about the events of this
migration. [10]
(b) Can this migration be compared to the migration of some Muslims today? Give reasons for your
answer.
0493/21/M/J/16
2 (a) What is the role of Hadiths as a source of guidance in the lives of Muslims? [10]
(b) How are Muslims obeying God when they obey the Prophet? [4]
Q The conquest of Persia was one of ‘Umar’s great achievements. Write an account of any two
battles fought with the Persians during his caliphate. [10]
(b) Say which in your opinion was the most significant of the battles fought under ‘Umar against
the Persians and why.
(i) Outline the main teachings in the Qur’an and Prophetic Hadiths about prayer (salat) as
the foundation of Islam.
(ii) Describe how Muslims prepare themselves for prayer. [10]
(b) Why should meeting for congregational prayers be more advantageous than performing
prayer alone?
5 (a) Muslims believe that God alone is Lord, that He alone should be worshipped and that His
names and attributes are unique to Him. Outline Muslim beliefs in the oneness of God. [10]
(b) Why has God repeatedly warned Muslims against committing shirk? [4]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/O/N/16
2 (a) From Qur’an passages you have studied, write about what lessons can be learnt from God’s
conversations with Adam and Jesus. [10]
(b) As God’s “representative (khalifa) on Earth”, say how men and women can serve God, giving
examples.
3 (a) Write about the way in which the Prophet interacted with non-Muslims after his move to
Madina. [10]
(b) How can Muslims now apply the lessons learnt from the Prophet’s interaction with
non-Muslims?
4 (a) The Battle of Badr took place in the second year after the hijra. Describe the main events of
this battle. [10]
(b) Can those involved in present day conflicts learn any lessons from the way the Prophet
treated prisoners after battles?
5 (a) Give an account of the difficulties experienced by the early Muslim community in
Makka. [10]
(b) Drawing from this account, what advice could be given to Muslims now living in fear of
persecution?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/12/O/N/16
2 (a) The first revelation came to the Prophet Muhammad in 610. Describe his experience of this
event. [10]
(b) Why do you think the revelation was sent to a person who could not read or write?
(a) The Prophet Muhammad was taken on a night journey and ascent to the heavens (al-‘isra
wa-l-mi’raj). Write an account of this journey. [10]
(b) What was the significance of this journey to the Prophet? [4]
4 (a) With reference to the conduct of the Muslims, describe the events of the Conquest of Makka.
[10]
(b) Can Muslims today learn from the Prophet’s treatment of his former enemies? Give reasons
for your answer
5 (a) Give an account of the lives of ‘Uthman and ‘Ali during the lifetime of the Prophet. [10]
(b) ‘Uthman was known to be generous with his wealth. How can Muslims now apply the trait of
generosity?
0493/21/O/N/16
2 (a) Describe the relationship of Hadiths with the Qur’an, giving examples of how Hadiths are
used in understanding God’s words. [10]
(b) ‘By using the principle of analogy (qiyas) the basic laws of Islam can be applied at any time
and in any case.’ Do you agree?
3 (a) Give an account of:
(i) the election of the caliph ‘Uthman, and
(ii) the compilation of the Qur’an that took place during his caliphate. [10]
(b) Three of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs were martyred for the decisions they made. Can
Muslim leaders today learn anything from this? Give reasons for your answer.
4 (a) What are the benefits to individuals and the community of fasting in the month of Ramadan?
[10]
(b) Are ‘Id al-Fitr and ‘Id al-Adha more than just celebrations? Give reasons for your answer
5 (a) Write an account of the difference in meaning between:
(i) jihad of the self,
(ii) jihad of the tongue, and
(iii) jihad of the sword. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the importance of following the rules of jihad in modern times? [4]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/M/J/17
(a) Choose two from the following passages and write in detail about the various ways in which
the passages describe God and how He is unique: 6.101–103, 42.4–5, 112, 41.37. [10]
(b) In your opinion, why should Muslims try to understand God’s attributes? Give reason(s) for
your answer.
3 (a) The Battle of Uhud was fought in the year 625. Describe the main events of this battle. [10]
(b) Why is it important for Muslims to show obedience to God in difficult situations?
4 (a) Write about events from the Prophet’s life that show his qualities of generosity, honesty and
simplicity in action. [10]
(b) Can Muslims adopt a life of simplicity like the Prophet in current times? Give reasons for your
answer.
5 (a) Write about the lives of Fatima and any one other of the Prophet’s daughters. [10]
(b) Explain the importance of the statement, ‘Daughters are a mercy (rahma)’.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/21/M/J/17
2 (a) Write a descriptive account of the terms isnad and matn of a Hadith and the role they play in
establishing the genuineness of a Hadith. [10]
(b) How does the Muslim community benefit by having genuine compilations of Hadiths? [4
3 (a) Belief in the oneness of God (tawhid) is a fundamental aspect of faith. State how tawhid
benefits Muslims in their everyday life. [10]
(b) Give reasons to support the statement that without tawhid there is no faith. [4]
4 (a) Write about the following events that took place during the caliphate of ‘Ali:
• the battle of Siffin;
• the emergence of Kharijites; and
• the arbitration after Siffin. [10]
(b) What in your opinion was the most serious consequence of the outcome of the arbitration
during the rest of ‘Ali’s reign?
5 (a) Alms-giving (zakat) is an act of worship which benefits the community of Muslims. Write in
detail about its benefits to the giver, the receiver and to society as a whole. [10]
(b) Abu Bakr fought against those who refused to pay zakat during his caliphate. In your view
what is the significance of this action?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/22/M/J/17
2 (a) ‘My community will never agree upon an error.’ The Prophet’s Hadith encourages the use of
consensus of opinion (ijma’ ). Outline:
• what consensus of opinion (ijma’ ) is, and how many kinds of ijma’ there are;
• who is qualified to practise it;
• give examples of how the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs practised ijma’. [10]
(b) Why are some Muslims not in favour of the use of analogy (qiyas) in solving present day
issues?
3 (a) ‘Umar made several administrative reforms during his ten year caliphate. Write an account of
at least five of them and say how these reforms helped make his rule so admirable. [10]
(b) Which in your opinion was ‘Umar’s greatest quality as caliph? Give reasons for your choice.
4 (a) Associating partners (shirk) is opposed to believing in the oneness of God (tawhid) and can
be divided into three main categories. Write about each category. [10]
(b) Does belief in angels make a Muslim’s faith stronger? Give reasons for your answer. [4]
5 (a) Write about the preparations made for the two ’Id prayers and say how they are performed.
[10]
(b) What in your opinion is the importance of celebrating the two’Ids?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/22/O/N/17
2 (a) Write about the function of the Qur’an and Sunna as the two primary sources of Islamic law.
[10]
(b) Why do you think the Qur’an and Sunna are not the only sources of Law and are supplemented
by ijma’ and qiyas? Give examples to support your answers. [4]
3 (a) The Prophet exercised a lot of self-restraint and patience when preaching Islam in Makka.
Write about at least three events from this period of time that show these virtues. [10]
(b) Giving examples, say how in your opinion Muslims can show self-restraint and patience in
their everyday lives.
4 (a) Outline the characteristics of the caliphates of all four Rightly Guided Caliphs which make
them an example of leadership for Muslim rulers. [10]
(b) In your opinion, which characteristic of the rules of the caliphs, if adopted by the present day
rulers, would improve the lives of ordinary people in the countries they live in?
5 (a) Prayers (salat), whether obligatory or voluntary, require preparation. Write an account of how
a Muslim prepares for it. [10]
(b) Invocation (dua) is highly recommended immediately after the obligatory prayer. Why do you
think this is so?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/M/J/18
2 (a) The Qur’an teaches Muslims about their relationship with God. Write about this relationship
using the passages you have studied. [10]
(b) ‘God gave humankind guidance and teachings.’ Why does the Qur’an lay emphasis on the
need to gain knowledge?
3 (a) How did Islam grow in the years between the Prophet’s first revelation and his first public
preaching in Makka? [10]
(b) How can the behaviour of the first converts to Islam provide an example for Muslims today?
4 (a) Write an account of the main events in the life of Abu Bakr during the life of the Prophet. [10]
(b) How can Muslims use the example of Abu Bakr in showing loyalty to their friends and
colleagues?
5 (a) Describe in detail the roles of Halima and Abu Talib in the early years of the Prophet’s life.
[10]
(b) From these relationships, what can be learnt about keeping family ties?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/12/M/J/18
(a) Write an account of the events of the first revelation and the Prophet’s reaction afterwards.
[10]
(b) The Qur’an was revealed in parts over a number of years. Why was this important?
(a) Write about the main events of the battles of Khaybar and Tabuk. [10]
(b) The Battle of Tabuk became a mission of peace instead of war. What can Muslims learn from
this?
4 (a) The Prophet’s relationship with the Quraysh changed after he began to receive revelations.
Describe the differences in the way the Quraysh treated him after this event. [10]
(b) The Prophet did not change his character despite the way the Quraysh changed towards him.
What can Muslims learn from this?
5 (a) ‘Uthman and Ja’far were among the companions who migrated to Abyssinia. Write an account
of this migration and the events in it. [10]
(b) How does this migration compare to recent migrations of Muslims to other countries? [
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/21/M/J/18
2 (a) Outline the relationship between the Hadith and the Qur’an as sources of Islamic law. Give
examples to support your answer. [10]
(b) Why have Muslims, right from the earliest years of Islam, attached so much importance to the
Prophet’s Hadiths?
3 (a) Write a detailed account of Abu Bakr’s achievements as Caliph. [10]
(b) What was the significance of his actions in dealing firmly with the apostate tribes?
4 (a) List the Six Articles of Faith and give an account of what any two of them teach. [10]
(b) What, in your opinion, is the importance of prophets being sent to humanity?
5 (a) Write about the moral, social and economic benefits of a Muslim fasting. [10]
(b) What, in your opinion, is the greatest reward of fasting? Support your answer by giving
reasons for your choice.
0493/22/M/J/18
2 (a) Why did it become important to compile the prophetic Hadiths after the time of the Rightly
Guided Caliphs? [10]
(b) In your opinion, can Islam be practised without the Hadiths?
3 (a) Write a detailed account of two battles under the caliphate of ‘Umar. [10]
(b) Give reasons for why you have selected the two battles in Part (a) as being the most
Important
4 (a) Write in detail about Muslim belief in Life after Death and the Day of Judgement. [10]
(b) How does belief in life after death affect the life of a Muslim?
5 (a) ‘There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.’ Write about the significance of
the shahada to a Muslim. [10]
(b) Why is the second Pillar of Islam prayer (salat) so important in a Muslim’s life?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/M/J/19
2 (a) Write about the way in which the Qur’an was compiled after the Prophet’s death. [10]
(b) How does the Qur’an in written form help Muslims around the world?
3 (a) Describe the events of the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-isra wal miraj). [10]
(b) Why do you think it was important for God to take the Prophet (pbuh) on this journey? [4]
4 (a) Describe the main events in the life of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) from his childhood until
he received revelation. [10]
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) faced challenges in his early years but maintained his good character.
How can Muslims learn from this today?
5 (a) In Madina, the Helpers (Ansar) and Emigrants (Muhajirun) were made brothers. Give an
account of the main developments of this relationship. [10]
(b) How can Muslims apply this model of brotherhood to help their communities? [
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/12/M/J/19
2 (a) Using the Qur’an passages set for special study in the syllabus, outline the relationship
between God and two of His Messengers:
• Adam,
• Abraham,
• Jesus. [10]
(b) God’s Messengers experienced trials. How can their responses help Muslims face difficulties
in their own lives?
3 (a) Give an account of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to Madina. [10]
(b) Why was it significant that one of the Prophet’s first tasks was to construct mosques at Quba
and Madina?
4 (a) Write about the events of the final year of the Prophet’s life. [10]
(b) Which of the Prophet’s teachings from his final sermon do you think is the most important for
Muslims today? Give reasons for your answer.
5 (a) Write a detailed account of the lives of Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Khalid ibn Walid during
the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh). [10]
(b) Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib showed loyalty to the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims show
loyalty in their everyday lives?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/21/M/J/19
2 (a) Give a detailed account of the checks made on the text and narrators of Hadiths. [10]
(b) In your opinion what are the main advantages of carrying out checks to confirm the reliability
of Hadiths?
3 (a) Outline the reasons for the unrest against ‘Uthman and write an account of the rebellion in
Madina that led to his martyrdom. [10]
(b) ‘Umar and ‘Uthman stood by what they believed to be just and were martyred for the position
they took. What lessons can be learnt from their martyrdom? Give reasons for your answer.
4 (a) Write about the following:
• The benefits of private prayer (du’a) in a Muslim’s life.
• The times when God is thought most likely to accept du’a. [10]
(b) How does du’a bring a believer closer to God?
5 (a) Describe how Muslims observe the fast of Ramadan and how this month should be spent.
[10]
(b) What is the purpose of fasting during the month of Ramadan?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/22/M/J/19
2 (a) Write an account of the compilation of Hadiths during the period of the Successors of the
Successors (tabi’ al-tabi’in). [10]
(b) Why do you think the chain of narrators (isnad) of a Hadith is given so much importance in
establishing its genuineness?
3 (a) Mu‘awiya was opposed to ‘Ali’s caliphate. Give reasons for his opposition and write an
account of the Battle of Siffin which resulted from this opposition. [10]
(b) In your opinion what was the most serious consequence of the outcome of this battle? Give
reasons for your answer.
4 (a) Islamic teachings revolve around six main Articles of Faith. Write about the following two:
• belief in God, and
• belief in angels. [10]
(b) Why is the belief in angels important for Muslims?
5 (a) ‘Prophets played a central part in conveying God’s message to humanity.’ Write an account of
Muslim belief in prophets. [10]
(b) Why do you think God gave miracles to his chosen prophets?
0493/12/O/N/19
2 (a) Write about the Prophet Muhammad’s first experience of revelation. [10]
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) could not read or write. In what way has this always been significant for
Muslims?
3 (a) Write about the events related to the signing of the Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the main terms
in it. [10]
(b) What in your opinion were the benefits, if any, for the Muslims signing the Treaty of
Hudaybiyya?
4 (a) Describe the events of the first battle in Islam, the Battle of Badr. [10]
(b) How important was the outcome of this battle for the Prophet (pbuh) and his followers? Give
reasons for your answer.
5 (a) Write about the lives of ‘Uthman and ‘Ali during the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh). [10]
(b) From ‘Ali’s early life, what lessons can young people learn about their role in the community?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/O/N/19
2 (a) Write an account of how the four sources of Islamic Law are used together. [10]
(b) Why do you think some scholars do not favour the use of qiyas?
3 (a) The Prophet (pbuh) was generous and forgiving. Write about events from his life that
demonstrate these qualities in action. [10]
(b) How easy is it for Muslims in the present day to follow the Prophet’s generosity? Give reasons
for your answer.
4 (a) By referring to the Treaty of Madina, describe the relationship between the Muslims and the
non-Muslims when the Prophet (pbuh) first arrived. [10]
(b) How can Muslims apply the Prophet Muhammad’s example of compassion when building
community relations?
5 (a) Some Muslims travelled to Abyssinia. Describe what happened to the groups that migrated.
[10]
(b) In your opinion, was this migration similar to Muslim migrations today? Give reasons for your
Answer
0493/21/O/N/19
2 (a) From the set Hadiths you have studied outline the Prophet’s teachings on the individual
conduct of Muslims. [10]
(b) How do Muslims benefit in their community life by following the guidance given in the
Prophet’s Hadiths?
3 (a) Write an account of the achievements of Abu Bakr as the first caliph of Islam. [10]
(b) Which was his greatest contribution as caliph? Give reasons for your answer
4 (a) Describe any three of the following elements of pilgrimage (hajj):
• ihram (garment worn)
• sa’i (running between the hills of Safa and Marwa)
• rami (stoning the Jamarat), and
• qurbani (sacrifice). [10]
(b) Why do you think pilgrims strive so hard to touch the Black Stone (Hajr al Aswad)? [4]
5 (a) Give a detailed account of the following events:
• the opposition faced by ‘Ali when he became Caliph and
• the Battle of Camel [10]
(b) In your opinion what was the greatest threat faced by ‘Ali during his caliphate? [4]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/22/O/N/19
2 (a) Write a detailed account of the musannaf and musnad collections of Hadith. [10]
(b) In your opinion, from the two Hadith collections above, which is the more useful to Muslims?
Give reasons for your answer.
3 (a) Write a detailed account of the election of Abu Bakr as the first caliph and the action he took
against any two of the false prophets. [10]
(b) What was the most serious danger faced by the Islamic state during Abu Bakr’s caliphate?
Give reasons for your answer.
4 (a) Write about the following:
• the conditions that should be met before Muslims start prayer (salat), and
• the importance of prayer (salat) in the life of Muslims. [10]
(b) Why is private prayer (du’a) given so much importance by Muslims? Give reasons for your
answer.
5 (a) Write an account of alms-giving (zakat) and say who is liable to pay it and who it can be
paid to. [10]
(b) What is the importance of zakat in Muslim society?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0493/11/M/J/20
2 (a) Write about the events of the first revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and
how he was reassured afterwards. [10]
(b) What can Muslims today learn from the first revelation about the importance of reading and
understanding the Qur’an?
3 (a) The Prophet (pbuh) went to spread Islam in Ta’if. Write about the background and details of
this event. [10]
(b) Giving examples, show how Muslims can practise forgiveness in their lives.
4 (a) The Battle of the Trench (Khandaq) was fought in 627. Give an account of the main events
that took place. [10]
(b) What can Muslims learn from this event about taking advice from others?
5 (a) Write an account of the life of the Prophet’s Companion Abu Bakr, during the Prophet’s
lifetime. [10]
(b) Abu Bakr used his wealth to help others. How can Muslims follow his example today?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/12/M/J/20
2 (a) Using three passages you have studied from the syllabus, write about God’s relationship with
His created world. [10]
(b) How might teachings from these passages encourage people to take care of their
environment?
3 (a) Give an account of the main events of the Prophet’s preaching up until the public declaration
on Mount Safa. [10]
(b) What do the Prophet’s struggles in these early years teach Muslims about dealing with their
own difficulties?
4 (a) Describe the main events of the Battle of Mu’ta and the Battle of Hunain. [10]
(b) From these battles, what can be learnt about good leadership skills?
5 (a) Give an account of the life of the Prophet’s wife Aisha during the lifetime of the Prophet
(pbuh). [10]
(b) From the example of Aisha, what lessons can be learnt about education in Islam?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/21/M/J/20
2 (a) Write an account of the collection of Hadiths during:
• the Prophet’s lifetime, and
• the time of the Companions immediately after the Prophet’s death. [10]
(b) In your opinion what were the main reasons for Hadith collections? Give reasons for your
answer.
3 (a) Write about the compilation of the Qur’an in the caliphates of both Abu Bakr and ‘Uthman.
[10]
(b) In your opinion was the compilation of the Qur’an the greatest achievement of the two
caliphs? Give reasons for your answer.
4 (a) Write an account of the administration of the caliphate under ‘Umar. [10]
(b) In your opinion what was the most important feature of ‘Umar’s administration? Give reasons
for your answer.
5 (a) There are five forms of jihad. Write an account of any three of them. [10]
(b) In your opinion which is the most important kind of jihad? Give reasons for your answer. [
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/22/M/J/20
2 (a) Outline the relationship between the Qur’an and Hadith when formulating Islamic law. [10]
(b) What is the importance of consensus (ijma’) in the Muslim world today? Give reasons for
your answer.
3 (a) Write a detailed account about the Battle of Yarmuk fought in the caliphate of ‘Umar. [10]
(b) What was the significance of the conquest of Jerusalem in ‘Umar’s caliphate? Give reasons
for your answer.
4 (a) Write about Muslim belief in: • divine books, and • prophets. [10]
(b) Why is belief in all prophets important in Islam? Give reasons for your answer
4 (a) Write about Muslim belief in:
• divine books, and
• prophets. [10]
(b) Why is belief in all prophets important in Islam? Give reasons for your answer
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/O/N/20
2 (a) Using passages from the syllabus write about what God says about His relationship with two
of His Messengers. [10]
(b) How might Muslims use the Qur’an to have a closer connection with God?
3 (a) The Prophet (pbuh) conquered Makka in 630. Write an account of the main events of the
conquest. [10]
(b) Why was it important for the Prophet (pbuh) to offer refuge to the Makkans? [
4 (a) Choose three events from the Prophet’s life that demonstrate his moral character, and write
in detail about them. [10]
(b) Which of these events do you think is the most relevant as a lesson for Muslims today?
(a) Describe the main difficulties faced by the early followers of Islam. [10]
(b) How can these events give hope to Muslims today?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/12/O/N/20
2 (a) Describe the different ways that the Prophet (pbuh) received revelation from God. [10]
(b) Why do you think that the revelation was sent to someone who could not read or write?
3 (a) The Prophet (pbuh) was mistreated by the Makkans after preaching the message of Islam.
Write an account of the difficulties he faced. [10]
(b) How can the Prophet’s response to opposition help Muslims when they are mistreated?
4 (a) Describe the events of the migration (hijra) from Makka to Madina. [10]
(b) In what way is this journey significant for the Muslim community now?
(a) Write about the brotherhood in Madina that developed between the Helpers (Ansar) and the
Emigrants (Muhajirun). [10]
(b) How can Muslims today show their brotherhood and sisterhood towards each other?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/21/O/N/20
2 (a) Describe the method used to make a judgement by analogy (qiyas) using the Qur’an and
Hadith. Give examples to support your answer. [10]
(b) Why do you think the Prophet (pbuh) encouraged the use of personal reasoning amongst his
Companions?
3 (a) Give an account of the administration of the caliphate under ‘Uthman. [10]
(b) In your opinion what was ‘Uthman’s greatest achievement as caliph?
4 (a) Write a descriptive account of the Battle of Siffin and the arbitration that followed it. [10]
(b) What in your opinion was the most serious outcome of the arbitration?
Give reasons to support your answer.
5 (a) Write about the rituals that take place on the first three days of the annual pilgrimage (hajj).
[10]
(b) In your opinion should hajj be performed as many times as possible in a Muslim’s life?
Give reasons for your answer.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/22/O/N/20
2 (a) Write an account of:
• the reasons given by scholars for compiling Hadith collections, and;
• the checks made to confirm their authenticity. [10]
(b) What is the purpose of having false Hadiths in Hadith collections?
3 (a) Write an account of how Abu Bakr led the Islamic empire when he became the first caliph.
[10]
(b) Why was defeating the false prophets so important to the stability of the Islamic state during
Abu Bakr’s caliphate?
4 (a) Write a detailed account of belief in:
• God as the Supreme Lord and Master of all creation;
• God alone is entitled to worship; and
• God is known by His most beautiful names and attributes. [10]
(b) Why is the declaration of faith (Shahadah) at the core of Islam?
5 (a) Describe how the fast in the month of Ramadan should be observed by Muslims. [10]
(b) In your opinion what is the most important benefit of fasting in Ramadan?
Give reasons for your choice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/M/J/21
2 (a) Give an account of the different ways in which the Prophet (pbuh) received revelation. [10]
(b) The Qur’an was not revealed all at one time. Why do you think this was important?
3 (a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to his welcome in
Madina. [10]
(b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet (pbuh). How can Muslims
show friendship and support for each other?
4 (a) Write about the events of the Battle of Khaybar and the Battle of Hunain. [10]
(b) In your opinion, which of these two battles was the most significant for Muslims?
5 (a) The first wife of the Prophet (pbuh) was Khadija. Write about the main events of her life. [10]
(b) What does Khadija’s marriage to the Prophet (pbuh) teach Muslims about family relationships?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/12/M/J/21
2 (a) Write about the ways in which Abu Bakr, ‘Umar and ‘Uthman were involved in the compilation
and preservation of the Qur’an. [10]
(b) What is the significance for Muslims to have the Qur’an written in the form of a book?
3 (a) Write about the events of the Battle of Uhud fought in 625. [10]
(b) What lessons might be learned from the outcome of the Battle of Uhud?
4 (a) Giving examples from the Prophet’s life, write about how he showed both the qualities of
patience and forgiveness. [10]
(b) Why should Muslims show patience in their everyday lives?
5 (a) Write about the life of the Prophet’s daughter, Fatima. [10]
(b) What can be learned from her life about the relationship between parents and children?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/21/M/J/21
2 (a) Write a detailed account of the two components of Hadiths:
• chain of transmission (isnad) and
• text (matn) [10]
(b) Both of these components are equally important for establishing the authenticity of Hadiths.
Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answer.
3 (a) Write an account of the false prophet Musailimah and the battle fought against him in 632.
[10]
(b) What was the importance of this battle to future generations of Muslims?
4 (a) Fasting in Ramadan benefits Muslims in many ways. Write about the major benefits of fasting
in Ramadan. [10]
(b) Explain why the Night of Power (Layla-tul-Qadr) is so important for Muslims
5 (a) Give an account of the Pillar of Almsgiving (zakat). [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the most important benefit of giving zakat? Give reasons to support
your answer.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/22/M/J/21
2 (a) Write about the importance of knowing the Prophet’s Hadiths and following his Sunna for
Muslims. [10]
(b) Why are belief and action both important for Muslims? Give reasons to support your answer.
3 (a) Give an account of the election of Abu Bakr and the expedition he sent to Syria soon after
becoming caliph. [10]
(b) Explain the most significant action Abu Bakr took as caliph.
4 (a) Write in detail about the Battle of Siffin and the events that led up to it. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was the main consequence of this battle? Give reasons to support your
answer.
5 (a) Write about the different types of purification before the performance of salat:
• wudu
• tayammum and
• ghusl. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the most important benefit of salat in the lives of Muslims? Give
reasons to support your answer.
0493/22/O/N/21
2 (a) Write about the checks made on the transmitters of Hadiths and on the text of Hadiths to
ensure their authenticity. [10]
(b) Why was so much importance given to collecting and preserving authentic Hadiths?
3 (a) Write a detailed account of the Battle of the Camel. [10]
(b) What was the most serious consequence of this battle to the Muslims at the time it was
fought? Give reasons to support your answer.
4 (a) Write about the role of ͑Umar and ͑Uthman in preserving the Qur’an. [10]
(b) In your opinion, were the two stages of the preservation of the Qur’an equally important?
Give reasons to support your answer.
(a) Write a detailed account about the second Pillar of Islam: prayer (salat). [10]
(b) What is the importance of praying in the mosque for Muslims?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/21/O/N/21
2 (a) Referring to the set Hadiths write about the benefits to the community of following the
Prophet’s guidance. [10]
(b) Why is the example of the Prophet (pbuh) important for Muslims today?
3 (a) ͑ Uthman was the third caliph of Islam. Write an account of his election and the administration
of his caliphate. [10]
(b) ‘ ͑ Uthman’s greatest achievement as caliph was the compilation of the Qur’an’. Do you agree
or disagree? Give reasons to support your answer.
4 (a) Write an account of Muslim belief in divinely revealed books and their content and purpose.
[10]
(b) In your opinion, why is the Qur’an the most important source of Islamic law? Give reasons to
support your answer.
5 (a) Describe how and when the two Eids are celebrated and give an account of the Eid prayer.
[10]
(b) What is the importance of celebrating religious festivals? Give reasons to support your answer
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/12/O/N/21
2 (a) Write about the way in which the Qur’an and Sunna are used in Islamic Law. [10]
(b) Give one example where using ijma or qiyas has been significant for Muslims today
3 (a) Outline the main events from the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-isra wal-mi’raj).
[10]
(b) In what way did this event give hope to the Prophet (pbuh)?
4 (a) Write about the events of the migration to Abyssinia by some of the early Muslims. [10]
(b) What might be learned from the way the Muslims were treated in Abyssinia?
5 (a) Write about the lives of ‘Umar and ‘Uthman during the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh). [10]
(b) What lessons can be learned from ‘Uthman’s life before he became Caliph?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0493/11/O/N/21
2 (a) Using passages from the syllabus, write about the duties of humankind towards God and the
created world. [10]
(b) What do Muslims have to consider when looking after their environment?
3 (a) Describe the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the details in the Pledges. [10]
(b) What might Muslims do to set an example and welcome others who move to their areas? [
4 (a) Write about the main events of the Battle of Badr. [10]
(b) What can the events of the Battle of Badr teach Muslims?
5 (a) Write about the lives of two of the following Companions: Salman al-Farsi, Ja’far ibn Abi
Talib, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. [10]
(b) Even when they had wealth, some Companions lived simple lives. How can Muslims show
simplicity in their everyday lives?
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2 (a) Write about the Qur’an and Sunna and how they are used with ijma’ in Islamic Law. [10]
(b) How has the Qur’an, as a primary source of law, helped to unify Muslims over time?
3 (a) Write an account of the Prophet Muhammad’s life from his birth until he received revelation.
[10]
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) was an orphan and raised by many people. How did this prepare him for
prophethood?
4 (a) Describe the Prophet’s pilgrimage in the final year of his life and his Farewell Sermon. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was the most important teaching from the Farewell Sermon? Give
reasons to support your answer.
5 (a) Write about the various tasks performed by some of the Prophet’s Companions as his Scribes.
[10]
(b) What are the benefits of the Qur’an being available to everyone on the internet?
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2 (a) Give an account of the Prophet’s experience of receiving the first revelation of the Qur’an.
[10]
(b) What was the significance of the Qur’an being revealed over 23 years?
3 (a) Give an account of the tribes living in Madina and the details of the Constitution of Madina
that brought them all together. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what important lesson(s) can be learned from the Constitution of Madina by
Muslims today? Give reasons to support your answer.
4 (a) Describe the main events of the Battle of Khaybar and the Battle of Tabuk. [10]
(b) Despite their difficulties in the Battle of Khaybar the Muslims never gave up.
What might Muslims learn from this in their everyday lives?
5 (a) Write about the lives of the Companions Bilal ibn Rabah and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb. [10]
(b) What lessons can be learned about equality from either Bilal’s or Abu Sufyan’s conversion to
Islam?
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2 (a) Write an account of the following three categories of Hadiths:
• Sound Hadith (Sahih)
• Good Hadith (Hasan)
• Weak Hadith (Da’if). [10]
(b) In your opinion, why was it considered important to classify Hadiths into Sahih, Hasan and
Da’if? Give reasons to support your answer.
3 (a) Write about the Battle of the Bridge and the Battle of Buwayb, fought during the caliphate of
͑ Umar. [10]
(b) Why was victory in the Battle of Buwayb significant for Muslims?
4 (a) Give an account of the main reasons for the revolt against ͑ Uthman’s rule and the events of
the rebellion in Madina. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was the most serious consequence of ͑ Uthman’s assassination? Give
reasons to support your answer.
5 (a) Friday (Jum’a) prayer is of special importance to Muslims. Describe:
• how worshippers prepare for this prayer
• what its main features are. [10]
(b) What are the benefits of praying in a congregation? Give reasons to support your answer. [
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2 (a) Consensus (ijma’) is the third source of Islamic law. Write an account of ijma’ and give two
examples of how it was practiced in the time of the Companions. [10]
(b) ‘By using analogy (qiyas) the laws of Islam can be applied at any time and in any case.’ Do
you agree? Give reasons to support your answer
3 (a) Write an account of the leadership qualities shown by the Rightly Guided Caliphs during their
rule. Give examples to support your answer. [10]
(b) Choose an example of leadership shown by the Rightly Guided Caliphs and say how it can
be applied by leaders today.
4 (a) Write an account of the martyrdom of ͑Uthman and the election of ͑Ali as caliph. [10]
(b) Why do you think ͑Ali encountered so much opposition after becoming caliph?
5 (a) Give an account of the significance of the following:
• Day of ‘Arafah
• Eid-ul Adha.
[10]
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) performed pilgrimage (hajj) only once in his lifetime. What do you think
this tells Muslims today?