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35 SLIDES FOR CRIB WITH HEADINGS WITH DETAILS

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Slide 1:
- Introduction
- Bangladesh and Pakistan adopted divergent development trajectories despite similar starting
points in 1971
- Bangladesh has made impressive progress in economic and social development indicators
- This study analyzes the factors behind Bangladesh's rapid growth and identifies challenges faced
by Pakistan
- It suggests measures Pakistan can take drawing on Bangladesh's successful policies and
development model
Slide 2:
- Comparative Economic Indicators
- Bangladesh's exports reached $52 billion in 2021-22, 60% higher than Pakistan's $32 billion
exports
- For 2022-23, Bangladesh aims for $67 billion exports, while Pakistan set a $38 billion target
unlikely to be achieved
- Pakistan's exports are declining and likely to fall short of its target due to economic crisis and loss
of competitiveness
- Bangladesh forex reserves stand at $30 billion, 7.5 times more than Pakistan's reserves of $4
billion
Slide 3:
- Budgets and Growth
- Bangladesh GDP grew at 6% in 2021-22, while Pakistan faced stagflation and economic turmoil
- Per capita income in Bangladesh is $2765, 76% higher than Pakistan's per capita income of $1568
- Bangladesh announced a $71 billion budget for 2022-23 focused on the knowledge economy and
agriculture
- Pakistan's PSDP budget is just Rs950 billion, as it grapples with financial constraints and
inflationary pressures
Slide 4:
- Bangladesh’s Export Promotion Policies
- EPB provided policy support and promoted exports, boosting shipments of readymade garments
- EPZs attracted foreign investment into the garments sector, now Bangladesh's top export
- Preferential access to the EU, US markets fueled export-oriented growth
- Investments in ports, roads, power enabled the expansion of export-oriented industries
- Strategic focus on export-led industrialization transformed Bangladesh into a major exporter
Slide 5:
- Rural and Agricultural Development
- Bangladesh quadrupled its rural road network from 1988-1997, linking villages to cities and
markets
- Productivity gains by expanding HYV seeds and irrigation enabled growth in agriculture
- Liberalizing telecoms expanded internet access, digital connectivity, and financial inclusion
- Garment jobs and microfinance drove women's empowerment and economic participation
- Investments in health, education and skills developed Bangladesh's human capital
Slide 6:
- Role of International Partners
- IDA provides significant interest-free loans, making Bangladesh the top recipient of IDA funds
- The World Bank sees Bangladesh as a development success story and key development partner
- Aid focused on roads, power, climate action to build infrastructure and drive economic growth
- Partnership model between government, donors, NGOs was central to development progress
- Grameen Bank pioneered an innovative grassroots microfinance model reaching millions
Slide 7:
- Role of Civil Society Institutions
- Grameen Bank provided small collateral-free loans to rural women entrepreneurs
- It focused financial services on alleviating poverty and empowering the marginalized
- Group lending model enabled peer support and high repayment rates
- Microfinance combined with healthcare, education and empowerment programs
- This participatory model was pivotal to Bangladesh's poverty reduction
Slide 8:
- Bangladesh Vision 2041 and Beyond
- Vision 2041 aims to make Bangladesh a developed nation by 2041 through inclusive, sustainable
growth
- The Perspective Plan outlines strategies for governance, decentralization, and capacity building
- Bangladesh adopted a people-centric model focused on participatory, inclusive development
- Smart Bangladesh leverages technology across sectors to boost innovation and growth
- Digital Bangladesh expanded digital infrastructure, skills and tech enabled services
Slide 9:
- Smart Bangladesh Initiatives
- Expanding broadband access including in rural areas to boost digital connectivity
- Promoting digital literacy and IT skills development among students and workforce
- Government is encouraging use of ICT and digital solutions in healthcare, education, agriculture
etc.
- Building smart cities/villages by deploying smart energy, transport, waste management systems
- Establishing high-tech industrial parks and R&D initiatives to foster innovation ecosystem
- Supporting startups, new technologies and entrepreneurship across sectors
Slide 10:
- Issues and Challenges - Pakistan
- Governance instability and inconsistent economic policies hampered growth
- Pakistan has low levels of domestic savings and investments, hurting growth
- Narrow industrial base and weak export competitiveness led to BoP pressures
- Poor trade regulations and business environment constrained private sector
- Energy shortages and infrastructure gaps affected productivity and exports
- Lack of policy continuity undermined investor confidence and reforms
Slide 11:
- Economic Crisis and External Pressures
- Pakistan faces slowing growth, rising inflation, falling forex reserves signaling economic crisis
- Floods devastated agriculture, wiped out jobs and disrupted supply chains and production
- Import restrictions, high fuel costs adversely impacted industrial activity
- Heavy external borrowing at high cost to finance deficits now a debt sustainability concern
- Currency devaluation fueled imported inflation, further worsening living standards
- National security challenges have diverted resources from economic development
Slide 12:
- Progress on Key Indicators
- Bangladesh strategically diversified its export basket beyond readymade garments
- Pakistan struggled to expand its exports beyond traditional sectors like textiles
- Bangladesh steadily improved its ease of doing business ranking through reforms
- Pakistan lagged regional peers in regulatory reforms and business climate
- Bangladesh enabled greater female participation in the workforce and microfinance
- An open, secular socio-political environment supported Bangladesh's advancement
Slide 13:
- Human Capital Development
- Pakistan ranks low at 161 in UN's Human Development Index, reflecting weak outcomes
- Bangladesh prioritized healthcare access, education, and skills training for its young population
- It enabled greater female workforce participation compared to Pakistan
- Pakistan's progress lagged across health, education and gender empowerment
- Inadequate investments in education, healthcare constrained human capital growth
- Neglect of human capital was a key limitation in Pakistan's model
Slide 14:
- Infrastructure and Governance
- Bangladesh invested in ports, roads, power generation to address infrastructure gaps
- Chronic electricity shortages, connectivity issues constrain Pakistan's competitiveness
- Policy continuity and long term planning benefited Bangladesh
- Frequent policy reversals created uncertainty, hurting private investment in Pakistan
- Weak governance and institutional capacity hampered reform implementation
- Lack of policy consensus and short-term thinking hurt Pakistan
Slide 15:
- Recommendations - Partnerships, Reforms
- Public-private partnerships in infrastructure and service delivery can improve efficiency
- Streamlining regulations, taxation and business procedures essential to boost private investment
- Financial and structural reforms to expand access to credit, develop capital markets
- Support export diversification into knowledge economy sectors beyond traditional exports
- Regional connectivity and trade opening to be prioritized to access larger markets
- Partnership between government and private sector key for technology adoption
Slide 16:
- Recommendations - Skill Development, FDI
- Direct focus on skill development programs to enhance workforce competitiveness
- Provide targeted incentives and support to expand SME sector
- Scaling up power generation and distribution, port infrastructure, transport links
- Reform investment policies, reduce barriers to attract more FDI
- Expand female economic participation through skills training, microfinance etc
- Leverage overseas diaspora and technology transfer through FDI
Slide 17:
- Recommendations - Economic Growth, Demography
- Make sustainable, inclusive economic growth the number one national priority
- Effective design and implementation of policies equally important
- Invest in healthcare, education and skills to develop human capital
- Leverage young population through supportive policies on jobs, skilling etc
- Position Pakistan as a regional trade, transit and logistics hub
- Adopt cohesive long term economic vision focused on export competitiveness
Slide 18:
- Bangladesh's Development Model
- Bangladesh combined elements of state direction with market orientation
- Pragmatic policies drove export-oriented manufacturing and growth
- Political consensus and policy continuity across regimes was pivotal
- Long term development vision centered on economic and social advancement
- Social objectives progressed in tandem with economic goals
- Stable governance enabled strong institutional capacity
Slide 19:
- Conclusion - Learning from Bangladesh
- Pakistan must also prioritize economic growth in its policy objectives
- Leadership needs to build consensus on development priorities
- Allocate resources efficiently to uplift health, education and living standards
- Strengthen regional connectivity and trade cooperation
- Bangladesh offers relevant lessons for Pakistan on economic model
Slide 20:
- Bangladesh’s Transformation
- Bangladesh transformed from an impoverished nation at inception to leading apparel exporter
- Readymade garments exports fueled its industrialization and growth
- Inclusive financial services empowered marginalized sections and micro-entrepreneurs
- Strategic policy visions aim to attain middle income status
- Digital Bangladesh increased IT exports, digitization, skills and opportunities
- Prudent policies enabled effective poverty alleviation
Slide 21:
- Pakistan's Constraints to Growth
- Governance challenges and unstable policies constrained Pakistan’s potential
- Energy shortages and infrastructure gaps limited industrial competitiveness
- Weak export competitiveness led to repeated BoP crises and external debt burdens
- Progress lagged in key social indicators like female empowerment, poverty rates
- National security priorities diverted resources from economic and social development
- Inward-oriented policies failed to boost export competitiveness and growth
Slide 22:
- Conclusion - Importance of Continuity
- Bangladesh combined demographic strengths with prudent, stable policies
- Pakistan must also make economic revival the foremost policy priority
- Balance between policy formulation and effective implementation is essential
- Piecemeal reforms must give way to an integrated, long term strategy
- Lessons to learn from Bangladesh's development model
- Economic progress requires stability, continuity and policy consensus
Slide 23:
- Leveraging Demographic Dividend
- Leverage Pakistan's young population through supportive policies on health, education, jobs
- Export-led growth crucial to expand forex earnings and stability
- Proactively pursue regional connectivity and trade agreements
- Foster innovation ecosystem through investments in R&D, technology commercialization
- Level playing field for business vital - needs competition reforms
- Optimize demographic dividend through human capital development
Slide 24:
- Inclusive Development
- Infrastructure expansion enhances connectivity, market access, mobility
- Financial inclusion and access to affordable credit enables growth
- Prioritize skill development and vocational training programs
- Provide incentives to support SME sector growth
- Reform regulations to improve ease of doing business rankings
- Combine economic growth with human development and social inclusion
Slide 25:
- Conclusion - Significance of Pragmatism
- Policy consistency and continuity over long horizons vital to foster confidence
- Stability and incremental improvement yields results over time
- Pragmatic, growth-first mindset needed instead of radical ideologically driven reforms
- Gradual evidence based reforms suited to country context better than big bang approach
- Bangladesh demonstrates effectiveness of prudent, stable policies
- Governance capabilities determine success of policy initiatives
Slide 26:
- Political Stability
- Political instability and abrupt policy changes hurt investor confidence
- Good governance must accompany liberalization for successful outcomes
- Improved cooperation and coordination between institutions needed
- Invest in bureaucratic and institutional capacity building
- Inclusive development in Bangladesh via participatory approach
- Partnership between public, private sector and civil society key
Slide 27:
- Prudent Resource Utilization
- Bangladesh effectively utilized external aid, loans for development
- Pakistan must optimize utilization of restricted fiscal resources
- Developmental mindset should override narrow interest group demands
- Lessons from Bangladesh on governance capabilities, institutions
- Higher investments in human capital, infrastructure needed
- Incremental reforms aligned with local realities yield results
Slide 28:
- Private Sector Competitiveness
- Sharpen export competitiveness to perform in globalized economy
- Diversify export basket, move up value chain beyond commodities
- Scale up power, transport, port infrastructure to reduce business costs
- Incentivize innovation, R&D, technology adoption by firms
- Easy access to affordable credit for SMEs enables entrepreneurship
- Vibrant, competitive private sector central to growth strategy
Slide 29:
- Technology and Innovation
- Achieving energy security critical for Pakistan's industrial development
- Integrate with regional value chains to access larger markets
- Promote technology absorption to boost productivity
- Facilitate startups and new technology business models
- Partnership between academia, industry and government institutions
- Foster technology ecosystem and commercialization
Slide 30:
- Leveraging Young Population
- Leverage Pakistan's young population through supportive policies
- Prioritize skills development, technical and vocational training
- Increase female workforce participation through social change
- Expand access to microcredit for enabling entrepreneurship
- Invest in emerging technologies like renewables, AI etc.
- Focus on human capital to harness demographic dividend
Slide 31:
- Inclusive Growth
- Economic growth fundamental for uplifting living standards
- Combine market orientation with investments in social sectors
- Pakistan must expand its reform agenda to cover health, education etc.
- Economic growth and human development should be twin objectives
- Prudent policies that yielded growth in Bangladesh can be replicated
- Inclusive development model entails progress across social indicators
Slide 32:
- Partnership Model
- Policy consistency and political stability enables planning
- Bangladesh progressed through collaboration between stakeholders
- Pakistan also needs participatory model engaging all stakeholders
- Leverage technology and innovation for development
- Partnership between institutions, private sector for reform implementation
- Cooperation, consensus vital for economic turnaround
Slide 33:
- Regional Connectivity
- Regional integration enables trade, investment, connectivity
- Productivity growth through technology adoption vital for competitiveness
- Leverage strategic location to become trade, transport and logistics hub
- Collaboration between government institutions, private sector required
- Development predicated on partnerships between stakeholders
- Knowledge diffusion and coordination between actors
Slide 34:
- Conclusion - Learning from Bangladesh
- Bangladesh offers useful blueprint for economic advancement
- Pakistan must learn from Bangladesh's policy successes
- Pragmatism and economic growth central to development
- Effective policy execution as important as formulation
- Development requires stability, continuity and consensus
- Bangladesh combines prudence with people-centric approach
Slide 35:
- Conclusion - The Way Forward
- Bangladesh leveraged demography, pragmatic policies for growth
- Its progress has important lessons for Pakistan
- Make economic growth topmost national priority
- Policy stability, continuity and consensus are vital
- Bangladesh provides relevant developmental template
- Bangladesh model offers blueprint for emulation
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