.‫ سهل هللا له به طريقا ً إلى الجنة‬،ً‫من سلك طريقا ً يلتمس به علما‬
Functional areas of Frontal lobe.
Frontal Eye Field. Motor Speech Area of Broca
Premotor Area (6) ‫مهمة‬
(44,45)
(Area 8) ‫مهمة‬
part  Inferior frontal gyrus.
 Precentral gyrus
 Anterior to primary motor  Posterior
middle
frontal  Found in the dominant
area
 Extends to anterior part of
gyrus.
paracentral lobule on medial  Posterior parts of superior, middle
hemisphere (left).
and inferior frontal gyri.
side.
1. Initiation of movement of the 1. Successful performance  Conjugate
 Sequence of contraction of
opposite half of the body.
of
voluntary
motor
movements of the
speech muscles.
2. 40% of pyramidal fibers
activities initiated in Area
eyes.
arise from there.
4
‫حركة العين المزدوجة‬
2. (Program, design, plan
and store programs of
motor activities )
3. Inhibit muscle tone.
1. Hemiplegia. (spastic paralysis 1. Apraxia (Inability to do  Loss of conjugate 1. Expressive
or
motor
of the extremities of the
skilled voluntary motor
aphasia. (in ability to
movements of the
opposite half of the body.
actions.
produce proper speech.)
eyes.
2. Masticatory,
laryngeal, 2. Spasticity of muscles.
2. Patient finds difficulty to
Pharyngeal, upper facial and
express what he wants to
extraocular
muscles
not
say with right words.
3. Patient can understand
paralyzed as the bilaterally
represented.
other’s speech.
Comparsion Primary motor Area (4) ‫مهمة‬
Site
Function
Lesion

Prefrontal area (area
9,10,11 and 12)
 Anterior parts of the
three frontal gyri.
 Responsible
for
Emotions (, Ideas and
personality.
‫دي الناصية اللي هي مصدر‬
.‫المشاعر واالفكار والصدق والكذب‬
)‫(ناصية كاذبة خاطئة‬
Motor homunculus: In the motor area of the cerebrum, the human body is represented upside down, as uppermost part controls the feet and the
lowermost part controls the head, neck, face, and fingers.

The body representation of different parts of body within the cortical areas depends on skill, not the size of this part (the parts with the skilled
movements occupy larger areas as hands)
.‫ سهل هللا له به طريقا ً إلى الجنة‬،ً‫من سلك طريقا ً يلتمس به علما‬
Comparsion Primary Sensory Area (3,1 and 2)
Site
 Postcentral gyrus
Function
Lesion
Functional Areas of Parietal lobe.
Sensory Association Area (5 and 7) Sensory Speech Area of Wernicke.
 Superior parietal lobule.
 Posterior part of superior temporal gyrus.
 Angular and supramarginal gyri.
 Found in the left dominant hemisphere.
Receives all general sensation from Recognizing the objects placed in Understanding speech.
opposite half of the body.
hand
without
seeing
it.
(stereognosis).
Loss of all sensation from the opposite Asterognosis.
Receptive aphasia: Inability to understand spoken or written speech.
half of the body.
Sensory homunculus: In the sensory area of the cerebrum, the human body is represented upside down, i.e. uppermost part
controls the feet and the lowermost part controls the head, neck, face, and fingers.
The body representation of different parts of body within the cortical areas depends on the sensitivity, not the size of this
part (tongue and hand have large areas, while the back has small area)
Functional Areas of Temporal Lobe (mainly audition)
Comparsion Primary Auditory Area (41,42)
Auditory association area (22)
Primary Olfactory center
Site
 Superior surface of superior temporal  Lateral surface of superior Uncus.
gyrus (Heschl’s gyrus)
temporal gyrus.
Function
Lesion
 Perception of sounds from both ears  Recognition and interpretation of  Perception of smell sensation.
from the opposite side.
the sounds.

‫ يعني‬epitpecrep‫ الحظ ان البرايماري بيبقا لل‬ Decrease in hearing but not deafness.
.‫فقط الشعور‬
 Cochleae are bilaterally presented, so
 .‫االسوسييشن بيكون لتميز وترجمة الشعور والمحفز‬
lesion in one cortex doesn’t cause
unilateral deafness.
Olfactory association center (28)
Anterior part of parahippocampal
gyrus.
 Recognition of odors.
.‫ سهل هللا له به طريقا ً إلى الجنة‬،ً‫من سلك طريقا ً يلتمس به علما‬
Functional Areas of lttrerccO Lobe (mainly vision)
Comparsion Primary visual area/ Striate area (17)
Secondary Visual Area (18 and 19)
Site
 Medial surface of occipital lobe.
 Adjacent to the primary visual area.
 Above and below the postcalcarine sulcus.
Function
Lesion
Gustatory center (43)
Insula.
 Recognition and interpretation of the visual  Recognition of the tasted materials.
images.
Lead to blindness in the corresponding part of visual  Failure of interpretation and recognition of
field to both eyes.
visual images.
‫يعني لو المكان دا اتصاب مثال فالفص االيمن هيخلي فيه عمى في النص‬
.‫الشمال للعينتين‬
‫ دا مش علينا بس للمعرفة يعني من‬apprcpeerc ‫وبيحصل مرض اسمه‬
:‫ وفيه بيكون رؤية المريض كدا‬،‫عندي كدا‬
 Perception of Vision.