Government
of Canada
Gouvernement
du Canada
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Canadian General
Standards Board
Office des normes
générales du Canada
Supersedes CAN/CGSB-48.9712-95
Non-destructive Testing —
Qualification and Certification of
Personnel (ISO 9712:1999, MOD)
National Standard of Canada
Experience and excellence
Expérience et excellence
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NATIONAL STANDARD OF CANADA
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Supersedes CAN/CGSB-48.9712-95
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING —
QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
(ISO 9712:1999, MOD)
The International Standard ISO 9712:1999 is adopted with national modifications as a Canadian national standard. See the
national foreword for details of modifications and their identification within the text.
Prepared by the
Approved by the
Canadian General Standards Board
Standards Council of Canada
Published December 2000 by the
Canadian General Standards Board
Ottawa, Canada K1A 1G6
 HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF CANADA,
as represented by the Minister of Public Works and Government Services,
the Minister responsible for the Canadian General Standards Board, (2000).
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the publisher.
CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD
COMMITTEE ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
AND CERTIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
(Membership at date of approval)
deWalle, S.
Chairperson
Cecco, V.
Cochrane, D.
deWalle, J.
Dudley, M.
Dziub, G.
Ejem, M.
Fiorito, G.
Fisher, Maj G.
Fleming, D.
Ginzel, E.
Hazzi, S.
Hodgkinson, D.
Kennedy, W.
Konikow, C.
Labbé, G.
Marshall, D.
McCray, A.
McIntyre, D.
Montambeault, Sgt M.
Mullin, S.
Munro, B.
Murphy, R.
Rebello, T.
Schnubb, P.
Smit, A.
St. Onge, J.
Stasuk, D.
Szucs, R.
Taylor, D.
Tomlinson, S.
Tonon, J.
Whitely, D.
Zirnhelt, J.
Dolhan, P.
Secretary
Canadian N.D.E. Technology Ltd.
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.
Atomic Energy Control Board
Andec Manufacturing Ltd.
Aerocom Inspection Service Ltd.
Bombardier Aerospace
Inco Ltd.
Gérard Fiorito Inc.
National Defence
Quality Control Council of Canada
Materials Research Institute
AGFA Inc.
Nova Corporation of Alberta
Canadian Welding Bureau
Trikon Technologies Inc.
Diamond Aircraft
NDE Institute of Canada
Spar Aerospace Ltd.
Babcock & Wilcox Canada
National Defence
National Defence
Atlas Testing Labs (Oakville) Ltd.
Natural Resources Canada
Ontario Power Generation
First Air
Canadian Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.
Horton CBI Ltd.
Stasuk Testing & Inspection Ltd.
Air Canada Base 054
Taylor NDE Services Inc.
ACRO Aerospace Inc.
Algoma Steel Inc.
Dofasco Inc.
MBB Power Services Inc.
Canadian General Standards Board
Acknowledgment is made for the translation of this National Standard of Canada by the Translation Bureau of Public Works and
Government Services Canada.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
National Standard of Canada
in accordance with
ISO 9712:1999, MOD
Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel
The employer is responsible:
A certification body that issues a certificate in non-destructive testing (NDT) under CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000 testifies
to the qualification of an individual but does not give any authorization to operate (give permission to work). The
employer is responsible for authorizing Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB)-certified NDT personnel to
operate, based on the individual’s suitability for a specific job(s). The employer shall be fully responsible for all
that concerns the authorization to operate, including the validity of the results of NDT operations. The employer
is responsible to ensure that employees annually meet the visual acuity requirements and for verification of employee
continuity of NDT work in the application of the NDT method(s) without significant interruption.
CGSB-certified personnel are issued certification in an NDT method/sector through a process of qualification based
upon meeting the minimum requirements under this standard for knowledge, skill, training, experience and the ability to
pass examinations — all of a general-knowledge nature. However, the work of CGSB-certified personnel may require a
special knowledge of NDT as applied by his employer (company) to company or product specific tasks that are beyond
the scope of the CGSB general-knowledge certification. Since “the employer is responsible,” it is recommended that the
employers provide additional training, experience and examination (see 3.10) in their company- or product-specific
tasks. Such tasks may include performing, specifying, reviewing, monitoring, supervising, and evaluating NDT work in a
manner or of a nature that is unique to the company. Special knowledge may include company-specific methods,
techniques, equipment, procedures, specifications, codes, etc. for which CGSB-certified personnel have responsibilities
within the scope of their employment.
Annex F provides guidance to the employers for the preparation of examinations to qualify their personnel for companyor product-specific tasks. Note that these examinations are outside the scope of this standard. Qualification by the
employer is neither qualification nor certification by a certification body and does not meet the requirements nor fulfil
the provisions of this standard. Employer qualification of NDT personnel enhances but does not replace CGSB
certification.
The employee is responsible:
Individuals certified to this standard shall recognize the precepts of personal integrity and professional competence as
fundamental principles. CGSB-certified personnel are held responsible by the certification body to comply with the
requirements of the “Code of ethics for NDT personnel” in Annex G. The failure of a certified individual to comply
with one or more of these requirements constitutes just cause for de-certification by the certification body.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
i
Contents
ii
Page
Cover page.....................................................................................................................................................................
i
Contents .........................................................................................................................................................................
ii
National foreword.........................................................................................................................................................
iii
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................
v
1 Scope...........................................................................................................................................................................
1
2 Normative reference .................................................................................................................................................
1
3 Terms and definitions...............................................................................................................................................
1
4 Abbreviations.............................................................................................................................................................
7
5 Levels of competence (NDT levels) ........................................................................................................................
8
5.1 Classification ...........................................................................................................................................................
8
5.2 NDT level 1.............................................................................................................................................................
8
5.3 NDT level 2.............................................................................................................................................................
8
5.4 NDT level 3.............................................................................................................................................................
9
6 Responsibilities...........................................................................................................................................................
9
7 Eligibility.....................................................................................................................................................................
11
8 Qualification examination ........................................................................................................................................
15
9 Certification ...............................................................................................................................................................
23
10 Certification validity and renewal.........................................................................................................................
24
11 Files ...........................................................................................................................................................................
26
Annex A (informative) Suggested industrial sectors.................................................................................................
27
Annex B (informative) Technical knowledge of NDT personnel ............................................................................
28
Annex C (informative) Examples of structured credit systems for level 3 recertification ..................................
29
Annex D (informative) Recommended qualifications for instructors.....................................................................
32
Annex E (informative) Guides to NDT certification .................................................................................................
33
Annex F (informative) Employer’s guide for preparing examinations for company- and product-specific
tasks ................................................................................................................................................................................
34
Annex G (mandatory) Code of ethics for NDT personnel.......................................................................................
35
Annex H (informative) Canadian comments on ISO 9712 ......................................................................................
36
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
National foreword
This Canadian National Standard CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000 is a modified adoption of the International Standard
ISO 9712:1999, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel. CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000 was
prepared and approved by the CGSB Committee on Nondestructive Testing and Certification of Personnel (48/2).
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000 was prepared in 1999 to harmonize, as much as possible, with the provisions of International
Standard ISO 9712:1999, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel.
This standard replaces CAN/CGSB-48.9712-95, Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel.
Regulatory and code-writing bodies referencing CAN/CGSB-48.9712-95 should update their documents to reflect this
change.
It is also the intention that the Canadian National NDT Standard harmonizes with the European NDT Standard EN 473,
Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General Principles, and extensive reference to the latest edition,
EN 473:2000, will be found in the text.
Full adoption of ISO 9712:1999 is intended within the five-year period that ISO allows for compliance. Certain aspects
of this International Standard are not presently acceptable to Canada because of fundamental climatic, geographical and
technical problems — legitimate reasons for national deviations recognized in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to
Trade of the World Trade Organization (WTO/TBT Agreement), which Canada signed in 1994.
This Canadian National Standard has been reproduced from and reflects the format and content of ISO 9712:1999. In
accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 21:1999, Adoption of International Standards as regional or national standards,
Canadian deviations from the ISO 9712:1999 immediately follow the clause, figure or table. to which they refer. Each
“national deviation” appears in a double-lined box along with a “national explanation” of the reasons for the deviation
and the intended date for full compliance with ISO 9712:1999 if applicable. Where there are national deviations, Canada
has looked to EN 473:2000 for guidance and appropriate wording. A double-lined box may also contain a “national
explanatory note,” which provides additional information on the national adoption of ISO 9712:1999. In addition,
whenever the words “International Standard” appear in the text, they should be understood as meaning “National
Standard of Canada.”
A summary of some of the differences between Canadian National Standard CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000 and the
International Standard ISO 9712:1999 follows:
— deleted, expanded and additional definitions to clarify the meaning of the text;
— more examination questions. Unlike the narrow industrial sectors of ISO 9712, Canada’s certification is in a broad
sector termed EMC (Engineering Materials and Components), which includes welds, forgings and castings. Also, the
number of questions permits commonality between Canada and the U.S.A.;
— additional examination attempts for initial certification and for recertification at levels 1, 2 and 3.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right
to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with
ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 9712 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing
Subcommittee SC 7, Personnel qualification.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9712:1992) which has been technically revised.
Annexes A to C of this International Standard are for information only.
iv
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel
Introduction
Since the effectiveness of any application of non-destructive testing depends upon the capabilities of the persons who
perform or who are responsible for the test, a procedure was developed to provide a means for evaluating and
documenting the competence of personnel whose duties require the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge of
the non-destructive tests that they perform, specify, supervise, monitor or evaluate. An added incentive stems from the
world-wide comparability of a wide range of industrial applications requiring common non-destructive testing
approaches.
Any certification body adopting this International Standard shall comply with level 3 requirements for qualification and
certification, but is permitted a transition period of up to five years to implement levels 1 and 2.
The aim is to permit the starting of the system in a country that has no third party certification. It is also applicable when
an independent certification body applies the certification scheme to a new NDT method or when a new industrial sector
is created.
NOTE Wherever gender specific words such as “his,” “her,” “he” or “she” appear in this International Standard the other gender is also applicable.
National explanatory note:
Canada’s previous standard CAN/CGSB-48.9712-95 contained two options for qualifying and certifying NDT
personnel:
Option A (non-ISO) almost fully complied with ISO 9712:1992 but retained some features of past Canadian standards,
which were still desired by the Canadian industry.
Option B (ISO) fully complied with ISO 9712:1992.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000 reflects Canada’s desire to move toward international harmonization while respecting
Canadian geography, low population density, climate, traditions and industrial environment. It is Canada’s desire to have
one National NDT Standard (no options) that complies with the International Standard ISO 9712. With this National
Standard, CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000, Canada formally adopts ISO 9712:1999 with some minor modifications. The
availability and choice between option A (non-ISO) and option B (ISO) has ceased; all certified personnel must meet the
requirements of this National Standard.
Recertification
Candidates for recertification can no longer switch from Option B to Option A, but must now pass the recertification
examination(s). This standard provides for retakes of failed recertification examinations (see 10.3) during the five-year
transition period (before January 1, 2005) allowed by ISO 9712:1999.
Renewal
Once individuals are certified in Canada, they hold their initial certificate forever, but their certification status can be
“active” or “inactive.” An inactive status means that the individual no longer holds a valid certification. Certification can
be maintained active by timely renewal. Up to three and a half years after the renewal deadline, certification may be
reinstated as active by submitting a renewal application accompanied by documented proof of work experience without
significant interruption (see 3.25) and an employer affidavit attesting to continuing NDT experience. Without such proof
and an affidavit, or if the renewal application is more than three and a half years after the deadline, individuals can
change their status from inactive to active by successful recertification or, failing recertification, by the successful
completion of the initial certification process.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
v
Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel
1 Scope
1.1 This International Standard establishes a system for the qualification and certification, by a certification body, of
personnel to perform industrial non-destructive testing (NDT) using any of the following methods:
a) eddy current testing;
b) liquid penetrant testing;
c) magnetic particle testing;
d) radiographic testing;
e) ultrasonic testing.
1.2 The system described in this International Standard may also apply to visual inspection (VT), leak testing (LT), neutron
radiography (NT), acoustic emission (AT) and other NDT methods where independent certification programmes exist.
1.3 Where latitude is provided in the criteria within this International Standard, the certification body shall have the final
decision in determining specific requirements.
2 Normative reference
The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not
apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the
normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International
Standards.
EN 45013:1989, General criteria for certification bodies operating certification of personnel.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
authorized qualifying body
competent organization, independent of the employer or responsible agency, approved by the certification body to prepare
and administer examinations to qualify NDT personnel
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
1
3.2
candidate
individual seeking certification in accordance with this International Standard
National deviation:
Replace the text of 3.2 with “individual who is registered with a certification body as seeking qualification and
subsequent certification to this standard. The individual works or has worked under the supervision of suitably qualified
personnel while gaining appropriate experience.”
National explanation:
A candidate cannot be self-declared but must be registered with the certification body. Otherwise the certification body
will have no knowledge of his existence, including who he is, how to contact him, or what stage he is at in the
qualification process leading to certification to this standard.
3.3
certificate
written testimony of qualification
National deviation:
Add “An official, written legal document issued by the certification body, bearing its seal and signed by its officer(s),
serving as evidence of the individual’s level of competency in NDT and his fulfillment of all of the qualification
requirements of this standard”
National explanation:
The original definition needs elaboration concerning purpose, description and responsibility.
3.4
certification body
agency that administers procedures for certification of NDT personnel in accordance with the requirements of this
International Standard
National explanatory note:
In Canada, the certification body is also called the National Certifying Agency.
3.5
certification
procedures leading to a written testimony of the qualification of an individual’s level of competence in a given NDT method
and industrial sector
National deviation:
Replace the text of 3.5 with “procedures leading to a written testimony, issued by the certification body, of the
qualification of an individual’s level of competence in a given NDT method and industrial sector”
National explanation:
According to ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996, Standardization and related activities — General vocabulary, “certification is a
procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process or service conforms to specified
requirements.” Under this National NDT Standard, the certification body is the third party conducting the certification
procedure and issuing written assurance (certificate) that an individual conforms to the specified qualification
requirements (e.g. knowledge, training, experience, skill, examinations, eyesight and code of ethics) of this standard.
2
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
National deviation:
Add:
3.5A
certified
status granted by the certification body to an individual holding a certificate, issued by the certification body, attesting to
the holder’s level of competence, in a given NDT method and industrial sector
3.5B
certify
action of the certification body to officially declare in writing, by means of issuing a certificate, the level of competence
of an individual, in a given NDT method and industrial sector. Competence is determined through a process of
qualification, controlled and conducted by the certification body, that measures the knowledge, training, experience,
skill, etc. of the individual in accordance with the specified qualification requirements of this standard.
National explanation:
These additional definitions complete the definitions pertaining to certification in 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5. See also 3.24, 3.24A
and 3.24B.
NOTE In 6.2.3 f) and 9.1, the certification body controls the issue of certificates.
3.6
employer or responsible agency
organization for which the candidate works on a regular basis
National explanatory note:
According to 6.5.4, the candidate may be self-employed.
3.7
examination, basic
one of the level 3 qualification examinations which assesses the knowledge of:
— the materials science and processes technology,
— this qualification and certification system and
— the basic principles of NDT methods as required for level 2
3.8
examination centre
centre approved by the certification body, either directly or through the authorized qualifying body, where qualification
examinations will be carried out
National explanatory note:
An examination centre may be located on the employer’s premises, provided that examination supervision (invigilation)
is assured by an individual authorized by the certification body.
3.9
examination, general
written level 1 or level 2 examination concerned with the principles of an NDT method
3.10
examination, job-specific
any additional examination concerned with the application of an NDT method to a specialized product not commonly
involved in a particular industrial sector
NOTE This examination is outside the scope of this International Standard.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
3
National explanatory note:
Annex F provides guidance to employers concerning the preparation of examinations that can be used to assess their
personnel for company- or product-specific tasks.
3.11
examination, main method
one of the level 3 qualification examinations, which assesses the general and specific knowledge of the level 3 candidate in
the method for which certification is sought, and the ability to write NDT procedures
3.12
examination, practical
examination to assess the candidate’s ability to perform the NDT method
3.13
examination, qualification
examination administered by a certification body or by an authorized qualifying body, which assesses the knowledge and
capabilities of the candidate
3.14
examination, specific
written examination concerned with the application of an NDT method in a particular industrial sector or sectors, which
includes knowledge of the product and related codes, standards, specifications and acceptance criteria
3.15
examiner
person certified to level 3 in the method he is to examine, and authorized by the certification body to conduct and/or grade
NDT qualification examinations
NOTE No level 3 person shall be the only examiner for any candidate he has personally trained for that examination.
3.16
experience
period during which the candidate performed the specific NDT method under qualified supervision, including personal
application of the NDT method to materials, parts or structures
National explanatory note:
Practical tests performed during training courses are not considered as experience. Note that experience may be acquired
either before or after success in the qualification examination (7.2A).
3.17
industrial sector
particular area in industry or technology where specialized NDT practices are utilized requiring specific skill, knowledge,
equipment or training to achieve satisfactory performance
NOTE An industrial sector may be interpreted to mean a product (welds, castings, etc.) or an industry (aerospace, steel, etc.), see also annex A
4
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
National deviation:
Add:
3.17A
invigilator, authorized
person authorized by the certification body to supervise examinations
National explanation:
Invigilator is not defined in ISO 9712:1999. Subclause 3.15 defines an examiner as a level 3 who can conduct and/or
grade examinations. Often, the invigilation of NDT examinations does not require the presence of an NDT expert. The
individual administering the examination (the invigilator) needs to verify the appointment, inform the candidate of what
is required, explain the rules, distribute examination forms, provide vigilance during the examination, control the time,
collect the completed examination forms, and send the witnessed examinations and forms to the certification body for
grading. In Canada, the certification body retains the right to authorize persons to invigilate the NDT examinations. This
is in accordance with 8.3.2 and 8.3.4.
3.18
NDT instruction
written description of the precise steps to be followed in testing to an established NDT procedure, standard, code or
specification
3.19
NDT method
application of a physical principle in non-destructive testing (e.g. ultrasonic testing)
3.20
NDT procedure
orderly sequence of steps describing where, how and in which sequence an NDT method should be applied to a product
3.21
NDT technique
specific way of utilizing an NDT method (e.g. immersion ultrasonic testing)
3.22
NDT training
process of instruction in theory and practice in the NDT method in which certification is sought, which takes the form of
training courses to an approved syllabus, but shall not include the use of specimens used in practical examinations
National explanatory note:
In Canada, the certification body has established approved training syllabi for each NDT method and level. See 7.1.1 and
7.1.2 and annexes B, D and E for more information on training.
3.23
operating authorization
permission to work, issued by the employer or responsible agency and based on the individual’s suitability for a specific job
3.24
qualification
demonstration of physical attributes, knowledge, skill, training and experience required to properly perform NDT tasks
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
5
National deviation:
Replace the text in 3.24 with “demonstration or evidence of a set of abilities, such as knowledge, training, experience,
skill and eyesight, in compliance with the specified requirements of this standard. These abilities must be demonstrated
before the certification body considers an individual competent to perform specific functions in the NDT profession.
Qualification is a process that measures the individual’s level of competence in NDT. It is controlled solely by the
certification body and upon completion leads directly to certification of the individual by the certification body.”
National explanation:
The original definition needs elaboration regarding purpose, description and responsibility. This definition is in
accordance with ISO 8402:1994, Quality management and quality assurance — Vocabulary, which defines qualification
as a “process of demonstrating whether an entity (product, process, organization or person) is capable of fulfilling
specified requirements.”
National deviation:
Add:
3.24A
qualified
having demonstrated the necessary qualifications (abilities, knowledge, skills, training, experience, etc.) in accordance
with the requirements of this standard, the individual is considered competent by the certification body to perform
specific functions in the NDT profession
3.24B
qualify
act(s) of an individual to demonstrate to the certification body competency in NDT by fulfilling the qualification
requirements (abilities, knowledge, skills, training, experience, etc.) of this standard
National explanation:
These definitions are needed to complete those pertaining to qualification in 3.24.
National explanatory note:
This standard carries the title “Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel.”
Qualification is a process of demonstrating abilities against specific requirements of this standard. For example,
individuals provide proof of training, experience and eyesight, and demonstrate their ability by passing written and
practical examinations.
“Certification is a procedure administered by a third party (a body that is recognized as being independent of the parties
involved, i.e. an organization that is not involved in the individual’s training or employment). After an individual has
successfully fulfilled all qualification requirements, the certification body issues a certificate testifying to the individual’s
level of competence.” (Reference: ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996)
The certification body is the only entity that is aware of and documents the progress of an individual through the various
stages of qualification; thus it is the only entity that can declare that an individual fulfils one or more requirements of the
standard. When the qualification process is completed by the certification body (all requirements of qualification
fulfilled), the certification body will declare the individual certified by publishing the individual’s name and issuing a
certificate (a written testimony of qualification) and wallet-card.
3.25
significant interruption
absence or a change of activity which prevents the certified individual from practising the duties corresponding to his level in
the method and the industrial sector(s) for which he is certified, for a continuous period exceeding one year
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
3.26
supervision
act of directing the application of NDT performed by other NDT personnel, which includes the control of actions involved in
the preparation of the test, performance of the test and reporting of the results
National deviation:
Add:
3.26A
supervision, qualified
to gain experience in accordance with 3.16, the candidate must be supervised by NDT personnel certified to this National
Standard or by non-certified personnel who, in the opinion of the certification body, possess the knowledge, skill,
training and experience required to properly perform such supervision
National explanation:
This definition explains “qualified supervision,” which is referred to in 3.16.
3.27
test specimen
sample used in practical examinations
NOTE Samples should be representative of products typically tested in the applicable industrial sector and may include more than one area or volume to be
tested.
3.28
trainee
individual who works under the supervision of certified personnel but who does not conduct any tests independently, does
not interpret test results and does not write reports on test results
NOTE This individual may be registered as being in the process of gaining appropriate experience to establish eligibility for qualification to level 1 or for
direct access to level2.
National explanatory note:
Trainees are outside the scope of this standard. They are not recognized, classified, certified or qualified in accordance
with the requirements of this standard, and have no competence under this standard. This in accordance with
EN 473:2000, which has no definition or classification for trainees.
4 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations shall be used to identify the five Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods covered by this
International Standard:
— eddy current testing
ET
— liquid penetrant testing
PT
— magnetic particle testing
MT
— radiographic testing
RT
— ultrasonic testing
UT
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
7
5 Levels of competence (NDT levels)
5.1 Classification
An individual certified in accordance with this International Standard shall be classified in one of the following three levels,
whereas one who has not yet attained certification may be classified as a trainee.
National deviation:
Replace the text in 5.1 with “An individual certified in accordance with this National Standard shall be classified in one
of the following three levels.”
National explanation:
This is in accordance with EN 473:2000, which does not recognize a trainee either by definition or by assigning a
classification. Canada recognizes only three levels of competence, and those are for certified individuals classified as
level 1, level 2 and level 3.
5.2 NDT level 1
5.2.1 An individual certified to NDT level 1 is qualified to carry out NDT operations in accordance with written instructions
and under the supervision of level 2 or level 3 personnel.
He shall be able to:
a) set up the equipment;
b) perform the tests;
c) record and classify the results in accordance with documented criteria;
d) report on the results.
5.2.2 An individual certified to level 1 shall not be responsible for the choice of the test method or technique to be used.
5.3 NDT level 2
An individual certified to NDT level 2 is qualified to perform and direct non-destructive testing in accordance with
established or recognized procedures. This may include:
a) defining the limitations of application of the test method for which the level 2 individual is qualified;
b) translating NDT codes, standards, specifications and procedures into practical testing instructions adapted to the actual
working conditions;
c) setting up and verifying equipment settings;
d) performing and supervising tests;
e) interpreting and evaluating results according to applicable codes, standards and specifications;
f) preparing NDT instructions;
g) carrying out or supervising all level 1 duties;
h) training or guiding personnel below level 2;
i) organizing and reporting results of non-destructive tests.
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
National deviation:
Replace the text of h) with “training or guiding personnel at or below level 2;”
Add: j) selecting the NDT technique for the test method to be used.
National explanation:
Item h) is altered to be in accordance with EN 473:2000 to permit a level 2 to train or guide personnel at the same level.
While not listed in 5.3, ISO 9712:1999 states in Table 6, Item 2 a), “for level 2, selection of the techniques and
determination of the operating conditions.” Thus, there is a conflict within the ISO Standard. Both ISO 9712:1992 and
EN 473:2000 allow a level 2 to select the technique. Canada has always permitted a level 2 to select the NDT technique
and will continue to allow it.
5.4 NDT level 3
5.4.1 An individual certified to NDT level 3 may be authorized to direct any operation in the NDT method(s) for which he is
certified. This may include:
National deviation:
Replace the text of 5.4.1 with “An individual certified to NDT level 3 is qualified to direct any operation in the NDT
method(s) for which he is certified. This may include:”
National explanation:
This editorial change makes the wording in 5.4.1 consistent with that in 5.2.1 and 5.3. In ISO 9712:1992, these clauses
read “may be authorized to.” Anticipating a future editorial correction, Canada has harmonized the wording of 5.4.1,
5.2.1 and 5.3.
a) assuming full responsibility for an NDT facility and staff;
b) establishing and validating techniques and procedures;
c) interpreting codes, standards, specifications and procedures;
d) designating the particular test methods, techniques and procedures to be used for specific NDT work;
e) interpreting and evaluating results in terms of existing codes, standards and specifications;
f) managing qualification examinations, if authorized for this task by the certification body;
g) carrying out or supervising all level 1 and level 2 duties.
5.4.2 An individual certified to level 3 shall have:
a) sufficient practical background in applicable materials, fabrication and product technology in order to be able to select
methods and establish techniques and to assist in establishing acceptance criteria where none is otherwise available;
b) a general familiarity with other NDT methods;
c) the ability to train or guide personnel below level 3.
6 Responsibilities
6.1 General
The certification activity shall be administered by a certification body, with the assistance, where necessary, of authorized
qualifying bodies. It includes all procedures adopted to demonstrate the qualification of an individual to carry out tasks in a
specific NDT method and leads to certification of his competence.
6.2 Certification body
6.2.1 A certification body shall conform with the requirements of EN 45013. It should be a non-profit organization which has
no direct involvement in training of NDT personnel and it should be recognized by the NDT community or the ISO member
body of the country concerned.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
9
6.2.2 A certification body shall be supported by a committee composed of representatives of NDT societies, committees,
users, suppliers, government departments and other interested parties as appropriate. This committee shall be responsible for
setting and maintaining the technical standards of examination. Its members shall be qualified for the tasks by an appropriate
combination of NDT certification and/or experience. At least 50 % of its members shall hold a valid level 3 certification.
6.2.3 A certification body:
a) shall initiate, maintain and promote the certification scheme as specified in this International Standard;
b) shall administer the procedures and operations for certification in accordance with a documented procedure, meeting the
minimum requirements of this International Standard and a stringent code of ethics, including sanctions, which shall apply
to committee members and certificate holders;
c) may delegate, under its direct responsibility, the detailed administration of the certification procedure to other
organizations acting as qualifying bodies;
d) shall take the ultimate responsibility for the certification scheme, including technical and administrative requirements;
e) shall approve, either directly or through an authorized qualifying body, properly staffed and equipped examination centres
which it shall monitor on a periodic basis;
f) shall keep all appropriate records and issue, or delegate the issuing of, certificates;
g) shall maintain a collection of current examination questions. For each multiple-choice question this data bank shall
indicate the correct answer. For other questions this data bank shall include a model answer. It is desirable that answers
include a reference that validates the answer;
h) shall, when creating a multi-sector, define precisely the chosen combination of the sectors which constitute the multisector. Guidance on the creation of industrial sectors is given in annex A.
6.3 Authorized qualifying bodies
An authorized qualifying body shall, where established, be approved by the certification body and shall, with the approval of
the certification body:
a) apply a documented quality procedure;
b) establish and monitor examination centres;
c) prepare and supervise the qualification examinations;
d) maintain appropriate qualification and examination records according to the requirements of the certification body.
6.4 Examination centres
6.4.1 Examination centres shall be established or approved by the certification body or through authorized qualifying bodies
and shall, as a minimum:
a) have adequate qualified staff, premises and equipment to ensure satisfactory qualification examinations for the levels,
methods and industrial sectors concerned;
b) use only those documents and examination questionnaires established or approved by the certification body;
c) use only specimens approved by the certification body for the practical examinations conducted at that centre;
d) apply a documented quality procedure.
National deviation:
Add to 6.4.1 d) “approved by the certification body.”
National explanation:
For a certification body to comply with EN 45013, the quality procedure of an examination centre must comply with the
quality procedure of the certification body. This is in accordance with EN 473:2000.
6.4.2 When more than one authorized examination centre exists, each shall have test specimens of comparable test difficulty
containing similar discontinuities. Under no circumstances shall test specimens be used for training purposes.
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
6.5 Employer or responsible agency
6.5.1 The employer or responsible agency shall introduce the candidate to the certification body or the authorized qualifying
body and document the validity of the personal information provided. The documentation shall include the declaration of
education, training and experience needed to establish the eligibility of the candidate. The employer or responsible agency
shall not be directly involved in the certification procedure itself.
6.5.2 The employer or responsible agency shall be fully responsible for all that concerns the authorization to operate,
including the validity of the results of NDT operations.
6.5.3 The employer or the responsible agency shall ensure that employees annually meet the visual acuity requirements of
7.2.3 (see note in 9.2).
National deviation:
Add:
6.5.3A The employer or responsible agency shall verify that the employee has maintained his NDT activity and practised
the duties corresponding to his level in the NDT method and the industrial sector(s) for which he is certified without
significant interruption.
National explanation:
Subclause 6.5.1 appears to cover initial certification. Subclauses 6.5.2, 6.5.3 and 7.2.3 cover other responsibilities
beyond initial certification such as authorization to operate and annual vision tests. However, the employer(s) is also
responsible for verifying that certified employees have maintained their NDT activity and practised the duties
corresponding to the level in the NDT method and the industrial sector(s) in which they are certified. Subclause 6.5.3A is
added to cover this omission. This is in accordance with EN 473:2000.
6.5.4 If the individual is self-employed, or presents himself alone, he shall assume all responsibilities specified for the
employer or responsible agency.
7 Eligibility
7.1 Eligibility for examination
To be eligible for examination, the candidate shall fulfil the minimum NDT training requirements which are specified in this
clause.
7.1.1 NDT training — level 1 and level 2
The candidate shall provide evidence acceptable to the certification body of completion of a course of NDT training in the
method and level for which certification is sought. Training providers should issue documentary proof of completion of
training.
National deviation:
Delete the last sentence in 7.1.1 and replace with “Training providers must issue documentary proof of satisfactory
completion of training. Each NDT training course must follow the curriculum prescribed by the certification body (see
Annex E). The certification body decides on the acceptability of NDT training courses and of course instructors (see
Annex D).”
National explanation:
The certification body requires documentary proof that training was satisfactorily completed. This requirement is in
accordance with EN 473:2000. In Canada, candidates may obtain training as follows: candidates may attend formal
courses offered in the larger population centres; companies may ask course providers to provide on-site training; with
prior approval by the certification body, companies may conduct their own training courses; candidates may follow a
program of self-training or correspondence courses because of the remoteness of their location or other reasons. Because
of this diversity, the certification body will retain control over training, including the syllabus and the instructor. See
annexes D and E for more information.
Information in annex B may be used to guide development of training and education syllabi.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
11
Table 1 provides guidance on the duration of training. However, when deciding the duration of training required, the
certification body may consider other factors, such as education, certification in other methods and sectors and the nature of
the training.
Table 1 — Duration of training
NDT Method
Level 1 (hours)
Level 2 (hours)
ET
40
40
PT
16
24
MT
16
24
RT
40
80
UT
40
80
NOTE 1 Training hours include both practical and theory courses.
NOTE 2 Direct access to level 2 implies the total hours for level 1 and level 2.
7.1.2 Training — level 3
Depending on the scientific and technical potential of a candidate for level 3 certification, preparation for qualification may
be done in different ways: e.g. by attending training courses, conferences or seminars (such as those organized by industrial
or independent associations), studying books, periodicals and other sources of relevant information. However the candidate
has prepared, he shall provide documentary evidence of training acceptable to the certification body.
Information in annex B may be used to guide development of training and education syllabi.
7.2 Eligibility for certification
To be eligible for certification, the candidate shall have passed the qualification examination and shall fulfil the minimum
requirements specified in this clause.
National deviation:
Add:
7.2A Industrial NDT experience
Industrial NDT experience may be acquired either before or after success in the qualification examination. If experience
is sought after successful examination, the results of the examination shall remain valid for two years.
National explanation:
Subclauses 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.2, 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 differ significantly from ISO 9712:1992, which required candidates to
have experience before being eligible to take the qualification examination. Now, experience can be gained after passing
the qualification examination. However, 7.2 does not indicate how long candidates have to gain this experience.
Subclause 7.2A (from EN 473:2000) is needed to define the time limit between passing the examination and gaining the
required experience. The certification body shall issue letters of attestation to successful candidates, indicating that they
have passed the qualification examination and need only to meet the experience requirement to be certified.
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
7.2.1 NDT experience — level 1 and level 2
The minimum requirements for experience to be gained prior to certification shall be as specified in Table 2. Documentary
evidence of experience shall be verified by the employer and provided to the certification body.
Table 2 — Minimum experience requirements — levels 1 and 2
Experience (months)
NDT Method
Level 1
Level 2
ET
3
9
PT
1
3
MT
1
3
RT
3
9
UT
3
9
NOTE 1 Work experience in months is based on a nominal 40 h/week (175 h/month) or the legal week of work. Any individual working in excess of
40 h per week, may be credited with experience based on the total hours, but shall be required to produce documentary evidence of this experience.
NOTE 2 For level 2 certification, the intent of this International Standard is that work experience consists of NDT work time as an individual certified to
level 1. If the individual is being qualified directly to level 2, with no time at level 1, the experience shall consist of the sum of the times required for
level 1 and level 2.
NOTE 3 Credit for work experience may be gained simultaneously in two or more of the NDT methods covered by this International Standard, with the
reduction of total required experience as follows:
a) two testing methods — reduction of total required time by 25 %;
b) three testing methods — reduction of total required time by 33 %;
c) four or more testing methods — reduction of total time by 50 %.
In all cases where a reduction is sought the candidate shall be required to show that, for each of the testing methods for which he seeks certification, he
has at least half of the time required in this table.
7.2.2 NDT experience — level 3
Level 3 responsibilities require knowledge beyond the technical scope of any specific NDT method. This broad knowledge
may be acquired through a variety of combinations of education, training and experience, which shall be documented and
provided to the certification body. Table 3 details minimum experience related to formal education.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
13
Table 3 — Minimum experience requirements — level 3
Method of access
Access to level 3 by a certified level
2 operator
Direct access to level 3 by a noncertified operator with experience
equivalent to level 2.
The candidate shall have passed the
practical examination for level 2 in
that method (except for writing the
NDT instruction)
Experience
(months)
Education
Graduate of a three year or longer accredited science or
engineering college or university programme
12
Successful completion of at least two years of engineering
or science study at an accredited college, university or
technical school.
24
No degree
48
Graduate of a three year or longer accredited science or
engineering college or university programme
24
Successful completion of at least two years of engineering
or science study at an accredited college, university or
technical school.
48
No degree
72
NOTE If a college or university degree is issued in non-destructive testing, the experience required for access to level 3 may be reduced by 50 %.
National deviation:
Replace the NOTE in Table 3 with:
NOTE 1 If the college or university degree is issued in non-destructive testing, the experience required for access to level 3 may be reduced by 50 %.
NOTE 2 Credit for work experience may be gained simultaneously in two or more of the NDT methods covered by this National Standard, with the
reduction of total required experience as follows:
a) two testing methods – reduction of total required time by 25 %;
b) three testing methods – reduction of total required time by 33 %;
c) four or more testing methods – reduction of total time by 50 %.
In all cases where a reduction is sought the candidate shall be required to show that, for each of the testing methods for which he seeks certification, he
has at least half of the time required in this table.
National explanation:
The new wording of Table 3 comes from Table 2 and is in accordance with EN 473:2000. Table 2 allows level 1 and 2
candidates a reduction in required experience for work experience gained simultaneously in two or more NDT methods.
Canada believes that candidates for all levels of certification should be treated the same and extends this simultaneous
experience provision to level 3 candidates.
7.2.3 Vision requirements — all levels
The candidate shall provide documented evidence of satisfactory vision in accordance with the following requirements:
National deviation:
Replace the text in 7.2.3 with “The candidate shall provide documented evidence of satisfactory vision, as determined by
an ophthalmologist, optometrist, physician, nurse or other medically recognized personnel, in accordance with the
following requirements:”
National explanation:
Vision needs to be measured by medically recognized eye specialists or other qualified personnel.
a) near-vision acuity shall permit reading a minimum of Jaeger number 1 or Times Roman N4.5 or equivalent letters at not
less than 30 cm with one or both eyes, either corrected or uncorrected;
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
b) colour vision shall be such that the candidate can distinguish and differentiate contrast between the colours used in the
NDT method concerned as specified by the employer.
Subsequent to certification, the tests of visual acuity shall be carried out annually and be verified by the employer or the
responsible agency (see 6.5.3).
National deviation:
Add:
7.2.4 Code of ethics
Candidates requesting certification shall affirm their agreement to abide by the code of ethics in Annex G by signing a
code of ethics declaration form.
National explanation:
In accordance with 6.2.3B, the certification body requires a code of ethics that applies to certified personnel.
8 Qualification examination
The qualification examination shall cover a given NDT method as applied in one or more specific industrial sectors.
8.1 Examination content and grading for level 1 and level 2
8.1.1 General examination
8.1.1.1 The general examination shall include only questions selected from the certification body’s or authorized qualifying
body’s collection of basic knowledge questions valid at the date of examination. The candidate shall be required, as a
minimum, to give answers to the number of multiple choice questions shown in Table 4.
8.1.1.2 The time allowed to the candidates for completion of each examination shall be based upon the number and difficulty
of the questions. The average time allowed shall be no less than one and no more than two minutes per multiple choice
question.
8.1.1.3 Where not otherwise addressed by national regulations, there shall be an additional examination on radiation safety
for the radiographic test method.
8.1.1.4 Examinations on the radiographic test method may include either X- or gamma-radiation, or both, depending upon the
procedure of the certification body.
National explanatory note:
To be eligible for certification in the radiographic test method a candidate must successfully complete an examination in
X-ray and gamma-ray-radiation safety. The candidate must obtain a minimum grade of 70 % in radiation safety. The
grade(s) obtained in the radiation-safety examination(s) will not be used to calculate the composite grade referred to in
8.1.4.3.1 and 8.2.3.2.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
15
Table 4 — Required minimum number of questions — General examinations
Number of questions
NDT method
Level 1
Level 2
ET
40
40
PT
30
30
MT
30
30
RT
40
40
UT
40
40
National explanatory note:
In Canada, the number of questions on the general examinations are shown in Table 4A. There are more questions
because Canada’s EMC sector covers several industrial sectors (8.1.2.4).
Table 4A — Number of questions — General examinations
Number of questions
NDT Method
Level 1
Level 2
ET EMC-sector
40
40
PT EMC-sector
40
40
MT EMC-sector
40
40
RT EMC-sector
40
40
RT Aviation-sector
not
applicable
40
UT EMC-sector
40
40
EMC = Engineering Materials and Components (plate/pipe welds, castings and forgings)
8.1.2 Specific examination
8.1.2.1 The specific examination shall include only questions selected from the certification body’s or authorized qualifying
body’s current collection of specific questions related to the industrial sector(s) concerned.
8.1.2.2 The time allowed to the candidates for completion of each examination shall be based upon the number and difficulty
of the questions. The average time allowed for multiple choice questions shall be no longer than three minutes per question.
The average time allowed for written questions shall be determined by the certification body.
8.1.2.3 During the specific examination, the candidate shall be required to give answers to at least the number of questions
specified in Table 5, including questions involving calculations, written procedures and questions on codes, standards and
specifications.
8.1.2.4 If the specific examination covers two or more industrial sectors, the minimum number of questions shall be at least
30, evenly spread between the sectors concerned.
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Table 5 — Required minimum number of questions — Specific examinations
Number of questions
NDT method
Level 1
Level 2
ET
20
20
PT
20
15
MT
20
15
RT
20
20
UT
20
20
National explanatory note:
In Canada, the number of questions on the specific examinations are shown in Table 5A. There are more questions
because Canada’s EMC sector covers several industrial sectors (8.1.2.4).
Table 5A — Number of questions — Specific examinations
Number of questions
NDT Method
Level 1
Level 2
ET EMC-sector
40
60
PT EMC-sector
40
50
MT EMC-sector
40
50
RT EMC-sector
40
70
RT Aviation-sector
not
applicable
35
UT EMC-sector
40
70
EMC = Engineering Materials and Components (plate/pipe welds, castings and forgings)
8.1.3 Practical examination
8.1.3.1 Each test specimen shall be uniquely identified and have a master sheet that includes all of the equipment settings
used to detect discontinuities contained within the specimen. The master sheet shall be compiled based upon at least two
independent tests conducted by personnel holding appropriate certification, and shall be authorized by a level 3 examiner for
use in grading examinations.
8.1.3.2 The number of areas or volumes to be tested shall be adequate to the level and NDT method, and to the industrial
sector concerned, but shall not be less than two, containing reportable discontinuities. For radiography, see 8.1.3.5.
8.1.3.3 The level 1 candidate shall follow the NDT instruction(s) provided by the examiner.
8.1.3.4 The level 2 candidate shall select the applicable NDT technique and determine the operating conditions related to a
given code, standard or specification.
8.1.3.5 For radiographic examination, level 1 and level 2 candidates shall radiograph at least one volume in a test specimen.
Level 2 candidates shall interpret at least five radiographs of test specimens in the applicable industrial sector.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
17
8.1.3.6 The time allowed for the examination depends on the number of test specimens and of their complexity. The
recommended maximum time allowed for each area or volume tested is:
a) for level 1, three hours;
b) for level 2, four hours.
8.1.3.7 Level 2 candidates shall draft at least one NDT Instruction suitable for level 1 personnel.
8.1.4 Grading of the level 1 and level 2 qualification examination
8.1.4.1 An examiner shall be responsible for the grading of the examinations. The general, specific and practical
examinations shall be graded separately.
8.1.4.2 The examination grading should be based on items 1 to 4 in Table 6, with the recommended weighting in relation to
the level.
8.1.4.3 The certification body shall implement the passing grade criteria in a consistent manner by using one of the following
two methods:
8.1.4.3.1 Composite grade method
To be eligible for certification the candidate shall obtain a minimum grade of 70 % in each examination and a minimum
composite grade of 80 %. The composite grade N shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
N = 0,25n g + 0,25n s + 0,50n p
where
n g is the grade for the general examination;
n s is the grade for the specific examination;
n p is the grade for the practical examination.
National explanatory note:
Canada has chosen to use the composite grade method. In accordance with 8.1.1.3 and 8.1.1.4 for the radiographic test
method, the grades obtained in the radiation safety examinations will not be used for calculating composite grade.
8.1.4.3.2 Minimum grade method
To be eligible for certification a candidate shall obtain a grade of at least 70 % in each of the written examinations and 80 %
in the practical examination.
National explanatory note:
Canada has chosen not to use the minimum grade method.
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Table 6 — Subjects and weighting factors for grading — practical examination
Weighting factor
Item
Subject
Level 1
Level 2
1
Knowledge of the apparatus, including the function and verification of
the setting of the apparatus.
20 %
10 %
2
The application of NDT to the test specimen. This consists of the
following parts:
a) for level 2, selection of the techniques and determination of the
operating conditions;
b) the preparation (surface condition) and visual examination of the
test piece;
c) the setting up of the apparatus;
d) the performance of the test;
e) the operations after the test.
35 %
20 %
3
The detection and reporting of the discontinuities and, for level 2, their
characterization (position, orientation, dimensions and type) and
evaluation.
45 %
55 %
4
For level 2, the written instruction for level 1.
—
15 %
8.2 Examination content and grading for level 3
8.2.1 Basic examination
8.2.1.1 The basic examination shall be in writing and shall assess the candidate’s knowledge of the basic subjects using the
minimum required number of questions shown in Table 7. Examination questions shall be selected from the certification
body’s or the authorized qualifying body’s current collection at the time of the examination.
8.2.1.2 The basic examination should be passed first and remains valid, providing that the first main method examination is
passed within five years of passing the basic examination.
Table 7 — Minimum required number of basic examination questions
Subject
Number of questions
Technical knowledge in materials science and process technology
25
Knowledge of the certification body’s qualification and certification system based on this
International Standard. This may be an open book examination.
10
General knowledge of at least four methods as required for level 2 and chosen by the
candidate from the methods given in Clause 1. These four methods shall comprise the
principal method for which the certification is sought and three others which must include
at least one volumetric method (UT or RT).
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
for each test method
(total 60)
19
National explanatory note:
In Canada, the number of questions on the basic examination are shown in Table 7A. There are more questions because
Canada’s EMC sector covers several industrial sectors.
Table 7A — Number of basic examination questions
Number of
questions
Subject
Technical knowledge in materials science and process technology (general aspects)
30
Technical knowledge in materials and processes that is specific to flaws; i.e. flaws in
welds, castings, wrought products, etc.
40
Knowledge of the certification body’s qualification and certification system based on
this National Standard. This may be an open book examination.
10
General knowledge of at least four methods as required for level 2 and chosen by the
candidate from the methods given in Clause 1. These four methods shall comprise the
principal method for which the certification is sought and three others which must
include at least one volumetric method (UT or RT)
15
for each test
method
(total 60)
8.2.2 Main method examination
8.2.2.1 The main method examination shall be in writing and shall assess the candidate’s knowledge of the main method
subjects using the minimum required number of questions shown in Table 8. Examination questions shall be selected from
the certification body’s or authorized qualifying body’s current collection at the time of the examination.
Table 8 — Minimum required number of main method examination questions
Symbol
20
Subject
Number of
questions
c1
Level 3 knowledge relating to the test method.
30
c2
Application of the NDT method in the industrial sector
concerned, including the applicable codes, standards, and
specifications. This may be an open book examination in
relation to codes, standards and specifications.
20
c3
Drafting of one or more NDT procedures in the relevant
sector. The applicable codes, standards and specifications
shall be available to the candidate.
—
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
National explanatory note:
In Canada, the number of questions on the main method examination are shown in Table 8A. There are more questions
because Canada’s EMC sector covers several industrial sectors.
Table 8A — Number of main method examination questions
Symbol
Subject
Number of
questions
c1
Level 3 knowledge relating to the test method.
30
c2
Application of the NDT method in the industrial
sector concerned, including the applicable codes,
standards, and specifications. This may be an
open book examination in relation to codes,
standards, and specifications.
40
c3
Drafting of one or more NDT procedures in the
relevant sector. The applicable codes, standards,
and specifications shall be available to the
candidate.
(35 for
RT-aviation)
—
8.2.2.2 Level 3 candidates not holding appropriate level 2 certification shall pass a relevant level 2 practical examination
graded in accordance with 8.1.4 except that they need not draft an NDT instruction.
National explanatory note:
To be eligible for level 3 certification, candidates shall obtain a minimum grade of 70 % in the level 2 practical
examination. In accordance with 8.2.3.2, the grade obtained in the level 2 practical examination is not used in the
calculation of the level 3 composite grade.
8.2.3 Grading of level 3 qualification examinations
The grading of the basic and main method examinations shall be done separately. To be eligible for certification, a candidate
shall pass both the basic and main method examinations.
8.2.3.1 Basic examination
To pass the basic examination, a candidate shall obtain a minimum grade of 70 %.
8.2.3.2 Main method examination
To pass the main method examination, a candidate shall obtain a minimum grade of 70 % in each part and a composite grade
Nc of at least 80 %.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
21
The composite grade Nc of the main method examination shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
Nc = nc1 + nc2 + nc3
3
where
nc1
is the grade for part c1 (see Table 8);
nc2
is the grade for part c2 (see Table 8);
nc3
is the grade for part c3 (see Table 8).
National explanatory note:
Candidates for radiography who did not previously satisfactorily complete the required X-ray and gamma-radiation
safety examinations, as described in 8.1.1.3 and 8.1.1.4, must do so. The grades obtained in the radiation-safety
examinations will not be used to calculate the composite grade.
8.3 Conduct of examinations
8.3.1 All examinations shall be conducted in examination centres established, approved and monitored by the certification
body, either directly or through an authorized qualifying body.
8.3.2 At the examination, the candidate shall have in his possession valid proof of identity and an official notification of the
examination, which shall be shown to the examiner or invigilator upon demand.
8.3.3 Any candidate who, during the course of the examination, does not abide by the examination rules or who perpetrates,
or is an accessory to, fraudulent conduct shall be excluded from further participation.
8.3.4 Examinations shall be approved by an examiner. The examination shall be invigilated and evaluated by an examiner, or
by one or more trained and authorized invigilators placed under the examiner’s responsibility.
8.3.5 An examiner shall be responsible for grading the examination in accordance with procedures established or approved
by the certification body (see also 3.15).
8.3.6 With the approval of the certification body a candidate for a practical examination may use his own apparatus. The
specimens used in training shall not be used as test specimens.
8.3.7 Level 3 examinations shall be set and graded by at least two examiners.
8.4 Re-examination
8.4.1 A candidate failing for reasons of unethical behaviour shall wait at least one year before reapplying.
8.4.2 A candidate who fails to obtain the pass grade required for certification may retake any of the examinations once,
provided that the re-examination takes place no sooner than within 30 days, nor later than one year after the original
examination. A certification body may use its discretion in allowing an earlier re-examination in the event that further
training acceptable to the certification body is undertaken.
22
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
National deviation:
Replace “may retake any of the examinations once, provided that the re-examination takes place no sooner than within
30 days, nor later than one year after the original examination” with “may retake any of the examinations twice, provided
that re-examinations take place not sooner than 30 days after a previous examination, nor later than two years after the
original examination.”
National explanation:
Canada’s Engineering Materials and Components (EMC) sector covers several industrial sectors. The extent, duration
and difficulty of Canada’s qualification examinations are greater than that for single-sector qualification because
candidates must demonstrate a broad theoretical and practical knowledge of manufacturing processes and NDT of welds,
casting and forgings. The Canadian qualification process takes longer, costs more and has higher failure rates than would
be observed for single-sector certification under ISO 9712:1999. Canada has extensive experience with this, having
implemented the “no retake“ provision of ISO 9712:1992 from 1996 through 1999. While ISO 9712:1999 increases the
number of retakes to one, this is still insufficient to meet certification needs in Canada. Therefore, Canada will allow
candidates for initial certification to retake any of the examinations twice. In addition, the candidate has two years to
complete the qualification examination after the original examination.
National explanatory note:
For levels 1 and 2, the written examination consists of two separate examinations: general and specific. Similarly, a
practical examination may consist of separate examination portions. A passing grade in any level 1 or 2 separate written
examination or separate portion of a practical examination is valid for two years. For level 3 examinations, the same twoyear rule applies except for 8.2.1.2.
8.4.3 A candidate failing re-examination shall apply for and take the examination in accordance with the procedure
established for new candidates.
8.5 Examination exemptions
8.5.1 A certified level 1 or level 2 individual changing from one industrial sector to another in the same NDT method shall be
required to take only the specific examination and practical examination, for that method, concerning the new industrial
sector.
8.5.2 A certified level 3 individual changing from one industrial sector to another in the same NDT method does not need to
retake the basic examination nor the level 3 knowledge part (c1 of Table 8) of the main method examination.
9 Certification
9.1 Issuing of certificates
A certification body, directly or through its authorized qualifying bodies, shall issue certificates and/or corresponding wallet
cards only for personnel who meet all of the requirements for certification (see note in 9.2).
9.2 Requirements on certificates and wallet cards
Certificates and/or corresponding wallet cards shall bear at least:
a) the full name of the individual certified;
b) the date of certification;
c) the date upon which certification expires;
d) the level of certification;
e) reference to the certification body or to the authorized qualifying body;
f) the NDT method(s);
g) the industrial sector(s) concerned;
h) a unique identification number;
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
23
i) the signature of the individual certified;
j) a photograph of the individual certified in case of the wallet card;
k) the cold seal of the certification body, cancelling the photograph to avoid falsification in the case of a wallet card;
l) the signature of a representative of the certification body or the authorized qualifying body.
NOTE By issuing the certificate and/or corresponding wallet card, the certification body or an authorized qualifying body attests to the qualification of the
individual but does not give any operating authorization. There may be a special space on the certificate and/or wallet card for the signature of the employer
or responsible agency authorizing the certificate holder to operate.
10 Certification validity and renewal
10.1 Validity
The period of validity shall not exceed five years from the date of certification indicated on the certificate and/or wallet card.
Certification shall be invalid:
a) in any industrial sector other than that for which it was issued;
b) at the discretion of the certification body after reviewing evidence of unethical behaviour;
c) if the individual fails to meet the visual acuity requirements of 7.2.3;
d) if a significant interruption takes place in the individual’s work in the method for which he is certified.
10.2 Renewal
After the first period of validity, certification may be renewed by the certification body for a new period of similar duration,
provided the certificate holder supplies documentary evidence of:
a) satisfactorily meeting, during the preceding 12 months, the vision requirements of this International Standard and
b) continued satisfactory work activity, relevant to the certification, without significant interruption.
If criterion b) for renewal is not met, the individual shall follow the same rules as for recertification.
National deviation:
Add:
c) reaffirmation of agreement to abide by the code of ethics in Annex G.
National explanation:
In accordance with 7.2.4, the certification body requires candidates renewing their certification to sign the code of ethics
described in Annex G.
10.3 Recertification
10.3.1 Upon completion of each second period of validity, or at least every ten years, the certificate holder may be recertified
by the certification body for a similar period, provided the individual meets the two criteria for renewal and passes a limited
examination consisting of:
National deviation:
Replace “meets the two criteria for renewal” with “meets the criteria in 10.2 a) and c).”
National explanation:
According to 7.2.4, the certification body requires candidates for recertification to sign the code of ethics described in
Annex G. Criteria b) was removed to avoid the endless loop in 10.2 b) and 10.3.1.
24
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
a) Level 1 and level 2: a limited practical examination.
National explanatory note:
For levels 1 and 2, the recertification examination includes testing specimen(s) appropriate to the scope of certification
and, for level 2, the production of a written instruction suitable for the use of level 1 personnel. The grade obtained is
determined according to Table 6 and the composite grade method of 8.1.4.3.1. This process is in accordance with
EN 473:2000.
b) Level 3: a written examination which includes:
— at least 20 questions on the application of the test method in the industrial sector concerned and
— at least 5 questions on the certification body’s qualification and certification system based on this International
Standard.
For recertification by examination in more than one method at the same time, the total number of questions may be reduced
as indicated in Table 9.
10.3.2 If the individual fails to achieve a grade of at least 80 % in the recertification examination, he shall apply for new
certification.
National deviation:
Replace the text in 10.3.2 with “A candidate who fails to achieve a grade of at least 80 % in the recertification
examination may retake the recertification examination according to the following criteria and schedule:
— In the five-year transition period (until January 1, 2005) allowed for levels 1 and 2 to comply with ISO 9712:1999,
Canada will allow two (2) retakes of the recertification examination. This is extended to level 3 personnel.
— After the transition period, the number of retakes shall be as designated in the then current ISO 9712 standard.
— Retakes of recertification examinations shall be allowed within one year after the last examination.
— The certification body will decide what portion of a failed recertification examination a candidate shall retake.”
National explanation:
Canada offers a broad-sector certification: Engineering Materials and Components (EMC). This is in contrast to
ISO 9712:1999, which is directed at narrow industrial sectors. Examination in Canada’s broad-knowledge EMC sector,
using an ISO “limited practical examination” or limited number of written questions, is prone to greater scatter in the
results and consequently higher failure rates. For this reason, the ISO 9712:1999 policy of “no retakes” of failed
recertification examinations is not presently acceptable to Canada. Also, since ISO 9712:1999 allows one retake for
initial certification, it is logical that at least one retake should be permitted for recertification. Note that EN 473:2000
allows one retake of the recertification examinations. Canada believes that all levels of certified personnel should be
treated the same; therefore, the five-year, two-retake provision is also extended to level 3 personnel. Annex H has more
information.
10.3.3 As an alternative to the level 3 recertification examination specified in 10.3.1 b), the certification body may implement
a structured credit system for recertification. For guidance purposes, examples of two such systems are given in annex C.
National explanatory note:
Canada has chosen not to allow recertification by a structured credit system. Therefore Annex C does not apply. Canada
implements level 3 recertification by written examination(s) according to 10.3.1 b).
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
25
Table 9 — Minimum number of questions for multiple method recertification
Application of the
methoda
Qualification and
certification systemb
2 methods
30
5
3 methods
40
5
4 methods and more
50
5
Number of NDT methods
a The questions shall be evenly spread between the different methods concerned.
b The part of the examination concerned with the qualification and certification system may be open book.
11 Files
The certification body or its authorized qualifying bodies shall keep:
a) an updated list of all individuals certified, classified according to level, test method and industrial sector;
b) an individual file under suitable conditions of safety and discretion for each certificate holder and for each person whose
certification has lapsed, or has been cancelled or withdrawn. This file shall be kept for a period at least equal to the total
of the initial period of validity plus the renewal period and shall contain:
1) application forms;
2) examination documents, including completed papers, descriptions of specimens, records, results of tests, written
procedures and/or applicable NDT instructions, and grade sheets;
3) renewal documents, including evidence of physical condition and continuous activity;
National deviation:
Replace the text of 3) with “renewal and recertification documents, including evidence of visual acuity and continuous
activity;”
National explanation:
Recertification documents should be kept as well as renewal documents. The only records of physical condition that are
collected and stored are those concerning vision acuity. This revised statement comes from EN 473:2000.
4) reasons for any withdrawal of certification and details of any further penalty inflicted;
c) an individual file for each candidate who has not been certified, for a period of three years from the date of application.
26
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Annex A
(informative)
Suggested industrial sectors
When creating an industrial sector it is recommended that the certification body take into consideration the following
reference list of industrial sectors.
a) Castings (ferrous and non-ferrous materials).
b) Forgings (all types of forgings: ferrous and non-ferrous materials).
c) Welds (all types of welds, including soldering, for ferrous and non-ferrous materials).
d) Tube and pipe (seamless, welded, ferrous and non-ferrous materials).
e) Wrought products, except forgings (plates, bar, rods).
f) Multi-sector: combination of sectors, including all or some products for a certain application (e.g., aerospace, in-service
inspection) or certain types of materials (e.g., ferrous materials, non-ferrous materials).
National deviation:
Add:
g) Engineering Materials and Components (EMC)
h) Aviation
National explanation:
As of January 1999, Canada offered only “g” (EMC), aviation-radiography, and a few personnel were certified as “a/b
and c” under pre-1979 Canadian standards. To meet the current demand and need of Canadian industry, an aviation
sector is being developed.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
27
Annex B
(informative)
Technical knowledge of NDT personnel
B.1 General
This annex provides a bibliography of international publications detailing course content. The minimum hours of training
recommended to confirm eligibility for examination are detailed in the main text of this International Standard.
B.2 Bibliographic references
[1] ANSI/ASNT CP-189-1995, American National Standard for Qualification and Certification of Non-destructive Testing
Personnel (1995), Appendix B — Training Outlines and References, American Society for Non-destructive testing Inc., P.O.
Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518 USA.
[2] IAEA-TECDOC-628, Training Guidelines in Non-destructive Testing Techniques (1991), International Atomic Energy
Agency, Wagrammerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
[3] ICNDT: The Complete Recommendations on International Harmonization of Training, Qualification, and Certification of
Non-destructive Testing Personnel (1985), International Committee on Non-destructive Testing, available from the
Foundation for Qualification of NDT Personnel, P.O. Box 190, 2700 AD Zoetermeer, The Netherlands.
28
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Annex C
(informative)
Examples of structured credit systems for level 3 recertification
C.1 Credit system 1
C.1.1 General
Certified individuals who maintain continued active employment in NDT level 3 activities, as specified in 5.4 of this
International Standard, and who demonstrate efforts to keep abreast of technology related to the method(s) for which they are
certified, may obtain recertification by application prior to the expiration date of the certification in accordance with these
requirements.
C.1.2 Definitions
C.1.2.1 “contact hour,” as used in Table C.1, means hours actually spent in the specified activity. Points are not earned for
time spent in peripheral or incidental activities, such as planning, lecture preparation, administrative duties, social activities,
“coffee breaks” or meals.
C.1.2.2 “documentary evidence,” as used in Table C.1, means written evidence of the same quality and quantity as is
required to satisfy a typical quality audit in industry. Documents which could have been originated by the candidate are not
acceptable.
C.1.3 Requirements
Each individual requesting recertification without examination shall:
a) reaffirm his agreement to abide by the code of ethics for NDT level 3 as required for initial certification;
b) provide documentary evidence of continued active employment in several of the level 3 functions specified in 5.4 of this
International Standard as those functions relate to the methods for which recertification is sought;
c) make an effort to keep up-to-date, contribute to knowledge, or maintain continued growth in the methods for which
recertification is sought, or to expand the individual’s knowledge in technologies related to the method, by earning a
minimum of 36 points during the 60 months immediately preceding expiration of the certification by engaging in and
documenting one or more of the activities specified in Table C.1.
If the individual’s work experience did not include any of the methods for which recertification is sought, then at least twelve
of the points required above shall be obtained in each of the methods where he lacks work experience.
ANNEX C DOES NOT APPLY IN CANADA.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
29
Table C.1 — Credit system for level 3 recertification
Activity
Points
a) Authoring or coauthoring, at a technical society meeting or conference, a presentation
regarding NDT or a related technology. Such presentations include formal talks or speeches at
symposia, panels, conferences, or meetings, and formal presentations at technical committee
meetings but do not include discussions or informal presentations regardless of the occasion.
Meetings which are not publicly advertised, or whose attendance is restricted to certain
groups or individuals, and meetings of trade associations or at trade shows do not qualify. For
the first presentation (only) of any specific material.
12
b) Preparing and publishing papers on NDT or related technology in the official journals of
national or international technical societies, or other peer-reviewed technical publications. To
be eligible for points, the individual must have contributed at least 10 % of the content of the
paper. Journals of trade associations and commercial trade journals or magazines do not
qualify. For each published paper (scheduled or intended publication does not qualify):
18
c) Attending technical sessions, seminars, panels or committee meetings concerning NDT or
related technology at technical society meetings. For each contact hour as specified below
(not per meeting, seminar, etc.):
1
d) Teaching classroom, laboratory, or hands-on training courses in NDT or related technology
for which academic credit is given or which meet requirements similar to those for
Continuing Education credits (called CEUs in the USA). However, individuals whose major
occupation is teaching may not claim points for teaching. For each contact hour as specified
below:
3
e) Completing courses or seminars in NDT or related technology for which academic credit is
given or which meet requirements similar to those for Continuing Education credits (CEUs),
provided that such courses concern either 1) new or advanced concepts, equipment, or
techniques related to the method(s) being recertified or 2) technology related to method(s) in
which the individual is not certified. For each contact hour as specified below:
1,5
f) Documented technical contributions concerning NDT made to specific identifiable
completed official projects of technical society committees. Such activities include round
robin or individual studies and preparation of standards, guidelines, specifications, appendices,
etc. Verbal comments, attendance at meetings, return of ballots without significant technical
comments, and administrative or social activities do not qualify. For each completed
committee project:
6
C.2 Credit system 2
In this system, the level 3 individual gains credit for participation, during the five years prior to recertification, in the various
NDT activities shown in Table C.2.
Limits are placed on the maximum number of points which can be gained in each year, and in any activity over the five
years, to ensure an even spread of activities.
ANNEX C DOES NOT APPLY IN CANADA.
30
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Table C.2 — Credit system for level 3 recertification
Activity
Points
accorded for
each activity
min.
Points per
year
Points per
5 year period
prior to
recertification
max.
min.
max.
min.
max.
1
Attendance at non-destructive testing (NDT) conferences
1
1
3
3
8a
2.1
Attendance at international and national standards committees
1
1
3
3
8a
2.2
Convenorship of standards committees
1
1
3
3
8a, b
3.1
Attendance at sessions of other NDT committees
1
1
3
3
8a
3.2
Convenorship of sessions of other NDT committees
1
1
3
3
8a, b
4.1
Attendance at sessions of NDT related working groups
1
2
5
6
15a
4.2
Convenorship of NDT related working groups
1
2
5
6
15a, b
5.1
NDT related technical/scientific contributions or publications
3
6
3
6
9
18c
5.2
NDT related research work published
3
6
3
6
9
18c
6.1
NDT training courses (per 2 hours)
1
2
6
10
30d
6.2
NDT examiner (per examination) 1
3
2
6
10
30d
1
NOTE To be recertified, it is necessary to gain a minimum of 30 points in a 5 year period. A maximum of 10 points per year will be allowed.
a Maximum points for attendance at items 1 to 4 = 20.
b Points to be given for both convenorship and attendance.
c If there is more than one author, the lead author shall define points for the other authors.
d Awarded only for extra mural activities, not for the main activity.
ANNEX C DOES NOT APPLY IN CANADA.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
31
Annex D
(informative)
Recommended qualifications for instructors
An NDT Instructor should meet the following criteria:
a) possess CGSB level 3 certification in the NDT method to be taught; or
b) have academic credentials at least equivalent to a BASc or BSc in engineering, physical science, or technology, and
possess adequate knowledge in the NDT method to be taught; or
c) be a graduate of at least a two-year school of science, engineering or NDT and have five or more years of experience
as an NDT Level 2 (or equivalent) in the NDT method to be taught; or
d) have ten or more years of NDT experience as an NDT Level 2 (or equivalent) in the NDT method to be taught;
and
e) have successfully completed a recognized program in instructor training; or
f) have a minimum of 80 hours of experience as an NDT instructor in the method to be taught.
32
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Annex E
(informative)
Guides to NDT certification
Guides to NDT certification for the five main NDT methods that were in CAN/CGSB-48.9712-95, are no longer printed
as part of the National Standard. Guides do not belong in the National Standard because they are not actual provisions of
the standard. The removal of the guides allows the certification body to make changes in the guides without requiring a
redraft of the National Standard. Guides to NDT certification are available from the Canadian certification body.
Guides to NDT certification are a valuable assistance in preparing for the NDT qualification examinations.
Guides contain:
a) training syllabi, approved by the certification body, for each NDT method and level of certification;
b) complete breakdown of the subjects to study;
c) titles of reference books to study from;
d) typical examination questions;
e) the form, process and what to expect in the examinations, including the practical examinations;
f) detailed information for employers on how to create hands-on practical examinations for level 1;
g) information for employers on setting up product-specific examinations.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
33
Annex F
(informative)
Employer’s guide for preparing examinations for company- and product-specific tasks
NOTE These examinations are outside the scope of this standard. This information is provided for guidance only.
F.1 Company and product-specific tasks, written examinations
F.1.1 The examination should cover the equipment, calibration, operating and inspection procedures, NDT techniques
and the specifications and codes used by the employer that candidates may encounter in their typical work activities or
specific assignments.
F.1.2 Twenty questions approved by an employer designate are to be answered. The employer designate should be
qualified to at least level 2 in the applicable NDT method.
F.2 Company and product-specific tasks, practical examinations
F.2.1 Candidates should demonstrate to the satisfaction of the employer designate that they are able to follow procedures
and instructions, set up and operate test equipment, and analyze the resultant information to the degree required. The
employer designate should be qualified to at least one level higher than the candidate.
F.2.2 In general, the candidate should test at least one selected specimen and analyze the results. At least ten different
checkpoints requiring an understanding of test variables and the employer’s procedures should be included in this
practical examination.
F.2.3 The description of the specimen, the NDT procedure including check points, and the results of the examination
should be documented.
F.3 Evaluation of results
To be qualified by the employer, personnel performing specialized nondestructive testing for specific products should
obtain a mark of at least 70 % in the written and practical test and a combined average mark of at least 80 %.
F.4 Maintenance of records
The employer should maintain on file a record of the written and practical examination, a description of the test
specimens and the marks obtained by the individuals receiving specific qualification.
F.5 Vision requirements
F.5.1 The employer should consider specifying the following vision requirements for personnel performing specialized
nondestructive testing of specific products, if such physical attributes are required to perform the inspection reliably and
safely.
F.5.2 Distance vision acuity: Candidates shall demonstrate a minimum distance acuity of Snellen 6/12 (20/40) with their
habitual correction.
NOTE Distance acuity is normally required for on-the-job safety reasons.
F.5.3 Colour perception: Candidates shall demonstrate normal colour discrimination as shown by Ishihara or similar
colour vision screening tests.
NOTE If candidates exhibit abnormal colour vision, practical examinations are recommended to determine the candidate’s ability to different contrast
between colours in the applicable NDT method.
34
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Annex G
(mandatory)
Code of ethics for NDT personnel
Individuals certified according to this National Standard shall recognize the precepts of personal integrity and
professional competence as fundamental principles. Accordingly, certified individuals shall:
a) perform their professional duties with proper regard for the physical environment and the safety, health and wellbeing of the public,
• at all times, be aware of and uphold the provisions and requirements of codes, regulations and standards under
which they are working.
• report immediately to their supervisor or employer any perceived violation(s) of codes, regulations or standards. If
their supervisor or employer provides no satisfactory explanation or takes no corrective action, the certified
individual shall report the situation directly to the certification body.
b) undertake only those nondestructive testing assignments for which they are competent by virtue of their training and
experience,
• not sign documents for work which they do not have personal professional knowledge nor direct technical
supervisory control and responsibility.
• where warranted, engage or advise the engagement of such specialists as are required to enable them to properly
complete assignments.
c) indicate to the employer or client any adverse consequences which may result from an overruling of their technical
judgement by a non-technical authority,
d) conduct themselves in a responsible manner and use fair and equitable business practices in dealing with colleagues,
clients and associates,
• not falsify or permit misrepresentation of their own or their associates academic or professional qualifications,
training, experience or work responsibilities.
e) protect to the fullest extent possible, consistent with the well-being of the public and the provisions of this code of
ethics, any information given them in confidence by an employer, colleague or member of the public,
f) avoid conflicts of interest with the employer or client, but when unavoidable, immediately disclose the circumstance
to the employer or client,
g) strive to maintain their proficiency by updating their technical knowledge as required to properly practice
nondestructive testing in the certified method and level,
h) comply with this code of ethics.
• refrain from making unjustified statements or from performing unethical acts which would discredit the
certification program based on this National Standard,
• immediately report to the certification body any perceived violation(s) of this code of ethics,
• immediately report to the certification body any attempt to pressure or force an individual(s) certified under this
National Standard to violate this code of ethics.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
35
Annex H
(informative)
Canadian comments on ISO 9712
Implementation in Canada of the provisions of the International Standard ISO 9712:1999 is not possible for:
a) the “one retake” of initial certification examinations (two retakes are allowed — see 8.4.2) and,
b) the “no retake” of recertification examinations (two retakes are allowed — see 10.3.2).
Canada claims deviations from ISO 9712:1999 under the provisions of ISO/IEC Guide 21:1999, Adoption of
International Standards as regional or national standards. Owing to fundamental climatic, geographical and technical
problems, Canada has legitimate reasons for such national deviations as recognized in the Agreement on Technical
Barriers to Trade of the World Trade Organization (WTO/TBT Agreement), which Canada signed in 1994.
Demographics of Canada
Canada has a population of 27 million. Canada has a land mass of 9 million square kilometres (km2), approximately
20 % greater in area than the combined land mass of all the countries in the extended European Economic Community in
1999. Canada’s population density is very low, only 3 persons per km2 as compared with an average of 144 persons per
km2 in Europe. To serve a small population spread across the 5000 kilometre breadth of Canada is a challenge. To do
this, the certification body has a network of 15 test centres: 10 offer both practical and written examinations and 5 offer
written examinations only. The distribution of these test centres across Canada is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Distribution of NDT Test Centres across Canada in 1999
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CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
Initial certification examinations
Canada offers a broad-sector certification: Engineering Materials and Components (EMC). This is in contrast to
ISO 9712, which is directed at narrow industrial sectors. The extent, duration and difficulty of Canada’s qualification
examinations are greater than that for single-sector qualification because candidates must demonstrate a broad theoretical
and practical knowledge of manufacturing processes and NDT of welds, casting and forgings. The Canadian
qualification process takes longer, costs more and has higher failure rates than would be observed for single-sector
certification under ISO 9712:1999. Canada’s three years of experience (1996 through 1999) with the strict “no retake”
rule of ISO 9712:1992 demonstrated that this provision was unfair to Canadian candidates. Small mistakes, unfamiliarity
with the examination process, and the stress associated with only “one chance to pass” were responsible for the failure of
otherwise excellent candidates. Such candidates had to start all over, repeating examinations that they had already
passed. This was clearly illogical. While ISO 9712:1999 increases the number of retakes to one, this is still insufficient
to meet certification needs in Canada. Therefore, Canada has chosen to allow candidates for initial certification to retake
any of the examinations twice.
Extensive Canadian experience in certification has shown that one year may be insufficient for candidates to complete
the examination process. For example, an examination failure accompanied by unexpected assignment to a remote work
location or unexpected sickness has placed candidates outside a one-year time limit. Additional examination retries will
require additional time to complete the qualification process. Canada allows a candidate two years to complete the
qualification examination after the date of his original examination.
Recertification examinations
Canada potentially has 3700 certified personnel to recertify before January 1, 2005. Yet, neither the certification body
nor the thousands of certified personnel have any previous experience with a recertification process. Thus, there may be
problems as Canada implements this for the first time. It may require flexibility on issues, and time to adjust the process
so that it works properly. The ISO 9712:1999 policy of “no retakes“ of failed examinations is too onerous to be practical.
Since 1987 Canada has offered one certification program, a “broad sector” called Engineering Materials and
Components (EMC), which covers plate and pipe welds, castings and forgings. This is in contrast to ISO 9712:1999,
which is directed at narrow industrial sectors. This difference creates problems in recertification. Examination in a broadknowledge EMC sector, using an ISO “limited practical examination” or limited number of written questions, is prone to
greater scatter in the results and consequently higher failure rates.
With recertification occurring only every ten years, and given the diverse nature of the NDT profession, specific-industry
requirements often do not follow typical textbook techniques. It is logical that allowance be made for this. Canada is
concerned that the ISO policy of “no retakes” of failed examinations will subject the candidates to undue anxiety and
stress before and during the examinations, and their performance will suffer, causing higher failure rates.
Until the first recertification process is successfully completed, it is not logical to put the certification body in a position
of threatening the continuing careers and livelihoods of previously certified candidates. For the candidate, the
consequences of failing an examination for recertification are more severe than for initial certification. Since ISO permits
one retake for initial certification, it is logical that at least one retake should be permitted for recertification. Note that
EN 473:2000 allows one retake of the recertification examinations.
According to the results of a September 1998 survey of the members of the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB)
Committee on Nondestructive Testing and Certification of Personnel, the ISO 9712:1999 provision of “no retakes” of a
failed recertification examination would be unacceptable to 80 % of Canadian industry. Thus, Canada feels that the “no
retakes” provision of ISO 9712:1999 concerning the recertification examination is not suitable for application in Canada.
Canada will permit two retakes of failed recertification examinations within the five-year transition period allowed by
ISO 9712:1999 to implement levels 1 and 2. Canada believes that all levels of certified personnel should be treated the
same; therefore, the five-year, two-retake provision is also extended to level 3 personnel.
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000
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