Determining Wind Loads Using AS1170.2-2011 Determining wind speed, resulting pressures, and the actual loads on a beam Brooks H. Smith, CPEng, PE, MIEAust, NER, RPEQ brooks.smith@clearcalcs.com Outline • Introduction • AS1170.2 vs AS4055 • Determining Wind Loads • • • • • Calculation Strategy Wind Speed Internal Pressures External Pressures Final Wind Load • Example Wind Calculations • Conclusion & Questions 23 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 2 Introduction – About the Presenter Brooks H. Smith • Chartered Professional Engineer • MCivE, MIEAust, NER, RPEQ, P.E. (USA) • Currently the lead engineering developer for ClearCalcs • Recently released an AS1170.2 wind load calculator • 8 years of previous experience in: • Structural engineering R&D consulting, specialising in cold-formed steel • Research fellowship in system behaviour of thin-walled steel • Forensic structural engineering, specialising in reinforced and PT concrete 22 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 3 About ClearCalcs.com ClearCalcs helps engineers design without compromise by bringing together powerful FEA analysis with easy to use design tools for concrete, steel, and timber. More Accurate Design more accurately with unrestricted and accessible FEA analysis Eliminates Wasted Time Eliminate time wasted using clunky methods or waiting for software licenses to free up Explore our range at clearcalcs.com Available Everywhere Empower engineers to work effectively from office, home, or site Intro Video Hyperlink ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 4 Introduction – Today’s Goals • To determine the wind loads on a beam using AS1170.2 • Ultimate or service load cases • Omni-directional or direction-specific calculations • Assumption: Enclosed “rectangular” building that is dynamically insensitive • We’ll distribute this slide deck and video after the webinar • Please ask quick questions as I go – best to answer while on the topic • Please ask using the “Q&A” feature, NOT the chat/messaging feature • I’ll save involved questions until the end • Note: Everything today is based on the standards • We are not on the AS1170 committee, are not communicating any special knowledge 24 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 5 Outline • Introduction • AS1170.2 vs AS4055 • Determining Wind Loads • • • • • Calculation Strategy Wind Speed Internal Pressures External Pressures Final Wind Load • Example Wind Calculations • Conclusion & Questions 23 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 6 AS1170.2 vs AS4055 – Restrictions • AS4055 is intended only for residential houses: • Class 1 & 10 structures, with geometry restrictions: • AS1170.2 is intended for most onshore structures: • ≤ 200m high, ≤ 100m free spans • Many simplifying assumptions (generally conservative) are taken in AS4055: • • • • • AS4055, Fig1.1(a) Discrete classes (N1-N6, C1-C4) combine topographic and regional factors Assumes average roof height of 6.5m Applying worst-case wind in all directions 5% added conservativism (AS4055-2012, Cl A3) Fewer zones for pressure coefficient calculations ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 7 AS1170.2 vs AS4055 – Wind Speeds • AS4055: • Omni-directional topographic (T0-T5), shielding (FS-NS), and terrain category (TC1-TC3) factors combined with wind region in one table • To get one Wind Classification: N1-N6, C1-C4 • AS1170.2: • • • • 8 directions considered independently Wind regions are similar, but additional probability of exceedance factor Topographic and shielding factors calculated by continuous formulas Design Wind Speed calculated separately for ultimate and service conditions ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 8 AS1170.2 vs AS4055 – Pressure Coefficients • AS4055: • 4 Pressure Zones: general G, roof edge RE, roof corner RC, wall corner SC • πΎ" πΆ$,& is looked up in one of a few tables • AS1170.2: • Numerous zones, dependent on & determined for each wind direction • Three πΎ factors, πΆ$,' , and πΆ$,( each calculated independently then combined ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 9 AS1170.2 vs AS4055 – Uplift & Racking • AS4055: • Completely separate sections for uplift and for racking, each with large lookup tables for overall pressures • Based upon numerous simplifications and assumptions of worst-case ratios, 2.7m stories • AS1170.2: • Uplift or racking force = simple sum of all the external pressures calculated • With one exception in that π* = 0.95 instead of 1.0 for structures in region B, C, or D ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 10 Outline • Introduction • AS1170.2 vs AS4055 • Determining Wind Loads • • • • • Calculation Strategy Wind Speed Internal Pressures External Pressures Final Wind Load • Example Wind Calculations • Conclusion & Questions 22 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 11 Calc Strategy – Calculation Heights • Some calculations always based upon β = average roof height • Other calculations vary based upon π§ = reference height • In large structures, calculate windward wall loads at every floor π§ individually • In 1-2 story structures, might only calculate at π§ = β ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 12 Calc Strategy - Directions • Site wind speed at 8 cardinal directions π½ • N=0°, NE=45°, E=90°, … NW=315° • Design wind speed at 4 building directions π • front=0°, right=90°, back=180°, left=270° • Some calculations are easier if “front” is taken as: • Hip roofs: perpendicular to a long side of building • Gable/monoslope roofs: perpendicular to ridge • Cardinal direction of front of structure written as: π½567 =? • Also, done for both ultimate & serviceability ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 13 Calc Strategy – Overall • There are two equations that really govern this process: 1. Site wind speed: • The directional wind speed, including topographic and geographic considerations • This gets converted into a “design wind speed” = π*(:,5 , based on building orientation 2. Design wind pressure: • The actual pressure to be applied to the structure • πΆ;'< is usually the only value you need to worry about – but it’s a huge one • Top of each slide will highlight the factor being considered ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 14 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Probability of Exceedance • Only place where you have to refer to NCC 2019 (if you’re using it): • Where: ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 15 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed - Regions • Select your wind region based upon location: • Note that region “A” is subdivided • Also a similar map for New Zealand ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 16 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Regional Wind Speed • This is the non-directional base wind speed = π? • Based upon probability of exceedance = 1/π • Cyclonic regions have a factor to account for a major cyclone hitting • For R ≥ 50 years, πΉF = 1.05, πΉG = 1.1 • So usually, these values are used in ultimate, but not serviceability calculations ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 17 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Direction Multiplier • Regions A or W: • Based upon 8 cardinal directions: • Regions B, C, or D: • Based upon type of member, NOT direction: • π* = 0.95 for actions on complete structures or major structural elements • π* = 1.0 for all other actions (inc. cladding or “immediately supporting members”) ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 18 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed - Terrain / Height Multiplier • Interpolated from terrain category in each direction & calc height • • • • • • TC1 = Very exposed open terrain (usually deserts and lakes) TC1.5 = Open water surfaces with waves (usually oceanfronts) TC2 = Open terrain with scattered obstructions (usually farmland) TC2.5 = Isolated trees or obstructions (usually outer suburbs) TC3 = Numerous closely-spaced obstructions (usually suburbs) TC4 = Numerous large obstructions (usually CBDs) • May be averaged if it varies outward ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 19 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Shielding Factor • Definition of shielding structure very important: • Only buildings, within a distance of 20β, with height ≥ reference height • Determined independently for each 45° arc from structure • Shielding “parameter”: • π: = average breadth of shielding buildings • β: = average roof height • π: = average spacing • But “average spacing” doesn’t exactly mean the … average spacing: ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 20 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Hill Parameters • • • • • • Generally only consider features within min 500π, 40β π» = height of feature crest πΏR = horizontal distance upwind from crest to level half the height below crest π₯ = distance from structure to crest πΏT = max 0.36πΏR , 0.4π» πΏY = 8πΏT for hills or ridges; πΏY = 14πΏT for escarpments ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 21 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Hill-Shape Multiplier • Three possible equations, based upon ratio π»⁄2πΏR • For π» ⁄2πΏR < 0.05 – essentially flat: • π] = 1.0 • For 0.05 ≤ π» ⁄2πΏR ≤ 0.45: • For π» ⁄2πΏR > 0.45: • As above equation 4.4(2) • … except in separation zone, where: ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 22 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Topographic Factor • Lee effect multiple π`(( = 1.0, except in New Zealand lee zones • For Tasmania or NZ sites at elevation πΈ > 500π: • Everywhere else: π= = max π] , π`(( • Should always mean π= = π] ≥ 1.0 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 23 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed - Design Wind Speed • 8 site wind speeds → 4 design wind speeds • π½ = cardinal direction • π = building direction • π*(:,5 = max π:'=,>c±ef • In words: design wind speed is the maximum site wind speed within ±45° of the direction of a face of the building ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 24 π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 Wind Speed – Design Wind Speed • Remember, repeat in 8 cardinal directions → 4 building directions! • And for both ultimate & service limit states! ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 25 π' = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,' = πΆ$,' πΎ",' m πΆ*n& Internal Pressures - Permeability • Two separate tracks, depending on if building is permeable or not: • Impermeable = All surfaces’ openings are π΄h ≤ 0.5% of each surface • Permeable = Any surface’s openings π΄h > 0.5% of a surface • “Opening” defined in great detail in Cl 5.3.2 • But generally includes anything that can be opened, such as doors, windows, ventilators, etc – unless specially-designed for resistance • Structures in cyclonic regions should generally never be designed as impermeable (as debris impacts may permeate the structure) ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 26 π' = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,' = πΆ$,' πΎ",' m πΆ*n& Internal Pressures - Impermeable Structure • Values of πΆ$,' are looked up in table • Table itself uses a different definition of “permeable”, where here: • “Permeable” means 0.1% ≤ π΄h ≤ 0.5% • “Impermeable” means π΄h < 0.1% • Note some cells have two values • These are two different load cases • This also refers to wind direction • Must still be considered separately for all four building directions! ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 27 π' = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,' = πΆ$,' πΎ",' m πΆ*n& Internal Pressures – Permeable Structure • Vital parameter is the “ratio of area of openings on one surface to the sum of the total open area (including permeability) of other wall and roof surfaces” • Includes your roof! (skylights) • Essentially, measuring how balanced your openings are between surfaces • For example, if you have 1m2 of openings on three walls, but 3m2 of openings on one wall, and no openings in the roof, then this maximum ratio would be equal to 1.0, because 3⁄ 1 + 1 + 1 = 1.0 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 28 π' = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,' = πΆ$,' πΎ",' m πΆ*n& Internal Pressures – Permeable Structure • Also looked up in table, but table is more complex • Enter and stay at the row for the previously-calculated ratio • Read the appropriate column based upon your windward direction • πΆ$,( is the external pressure coefficient for the given direction (windward, leeward, side) • For roof, there are different πΆ$,( values depending upon windward, leeward, or side face of the roof ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 29 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& External Pressures Facing Wind Away from Wind Sides Walls: Windward Leeward Side Roofs: Upwind Downwind Crosswind • For leeward walls, side walls, and roofs: • π§ = β always (pressures always from avg roof height) • For windward walls ONLY: • May calculate at multiple π§ values • Note: “wall” pressure is also applied to underside of adjacent eaves • “roof” loads only mean top of roof ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 30 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& External Pressures – Walls: Windward • Simple table lookup: • Basically 0.8, unless ≤ 25m building where you don’t calculate windward pressure at multiple π§ values • Elevated buildings have additional underside wind pressures: • For π§(`(p ≥ ] q • πΆ$,( = 0.8, −0.6 ] q • For π§(`(p < , linearly interpolate to zero: • πΆ$,( = swtutv m 0.8, ⁄x stutv w⁄x m (−0.6) ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 31 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& External Pressures - Walls: Leeward • Be careful of π vs π values! • Definition changes depending on wind direction (0, 90, 180, or 270) • π is parallel to wind direction ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 32 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& External Pressures – Walls: Side • Side walls have multiple pressure “zones”, depending on distance from windward edge • But remember that wind can come from 4 directions, so within 1β of either end will have highest coefficient for matching design wind speed ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 33 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& External Pressures – Roofs: Upwind Slope • Low-slope (πΌ < 10°), like side walls, varies by distance from windward edge • Again, π depends on the wind direction! • Parenthesised values are because it’s not physically possible for β⁄π ≥ 1 at given distance from edge of roof • Steeper roofs have a single pair of coefficients • Again, two load cases ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 34 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& External Pressures – Roofs: Downwind Slope • Low-slope (πΌ < 10°) has same table as for upwind • Steeper roofs have a single coefficient • And lots of linear interpolation ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 35 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& External Pressures – Roofs: Crosswind Slope • All gable roofs use same table • For hip roofs with πΌ ≥ 10° • While very rare in practice, it is not clear in the standard what you would do for the crosswind slope of a hip roof having πΌ < 10° ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 36 Final Wind Loads – Constants for Building • Up to now, all calculations only have to be done once per building • πA'l = ~< 1.2 •x • Additionally, πΆ*n& = 1.0 by our assumptions • And will usually be 1.0 – as long as the first-mode natural frequency ≥ 1.0 Hz • Various πΎ factors depend on the element for which load is calculated π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 π' = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y Y m πΆ;'<,' = πΆ$,' πΎ",' m πΆ*n& m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 37 Final Wind Loads – Wind Directions • Rearranging formulas: π' = π( = Y 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 πΆ$,' πΆ*n& m πΎ",' Y 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 πΆ$,( πΆ*n& m πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ • There are 4 wind directions, 4 sides, 2 pressure coefficients per side • Take worst-case of all four wind directions • So 8 values of π' and 16 values of π( (8 for walls + 8 for roof) ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 38 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& π' = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,' = πΆ$,' πΎ",' m πΆ*n& Final Wind Loads – Combination Factors • All of the wind loads calculated are worst-case, and it’s not always reasonably possible for the worst to occur on every surface at once • So, for designing a system, such as a portal frame, effected by multiple surfaces, there are combination factors that can be used to reduce loads • Table 5.5 has many examples, but this is the governing clause: • With two caveats: 1. an internal surface only counts if πΆ$' > 0.2 (i.e. tiny internal pressures can’t be used to reduce combinations) 2. “roof” is one surface ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 39 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& Final Wind Loads – Area Reduction Factor • Accounts for locally high wind loads somewhat averaging out over a surface • Depends upon tributary area of element being considered • Only applicable to elements on sidewall and roof ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 40 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& Final Wind Loads – Permeable Cladding Fact. • Accounts for permeability reducing external pressure somewhat • For when surface both: 1. 2. Consists of permeable cladding Open areas are relatively small: 0.1% < π΄h < 1.0% • Only applicable to elements on sidewall and roof ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 41 π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& Final Wind Loads – Local Pressure Factor • Accounts for the leading edge having much higher pressures • Only applicable to loads on cladding and members that directly support cladding (and relevant connections) • π = min 0.2π, 0.2π, β • Additional reduction factor for parapets • See Table 5.7 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 42 π = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'< = πΆ; m πΆ*n& Final Wind Loads – Frictional Drag • Up to now, every load has been perpendicular to its surface • If the building is relatively long (compared to either breadth or height), a frictional force is also applied parallel to the surface * ] • If > 4 or * • >4 • Applied evenly to entire area of roof and sidewall after 4β or 4π ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 43 Final Wind Loads - πΎπ and πΎπ • Can now finally calculate your πR and π: values • Multiply pressures by tributary areas in appropriate load combinations • Still usually 2 values for πR and 2 values for π: for a given member on a given side of the building • Usually, π΄' = π΄( for a given member, but not always πRT = π',•'& πΎ",' π΄' + π(,•A‡ πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ π΄( πRY = π',•A‡ πΎ",' π΄' + π(,•'& πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ π΄( π:T = π',:,•'& πΎ",' π΄' + π(,:,•A‡ πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ π΄( π:Y = π',:,•A‡ πΎ",' π΄' + π(,:,•'& πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ π΄( ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 44 Outline • Introduction • AS1170.2 vs AS4055 • Determining Wind Loads • • • • • Calculation Strategy Wind Speed Internal Pressures External Pressures Final Wind Load • Example Wind Calculations • Conclusion & Questions 23 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 45 Example #1 – Omni-Directional Simple π = 14 π β = 6π πΌ = 30 ° • • • • π = 10 π 1-story rectangular house “Front” oriented 10° (= NNE) Openings ratio = 0.5, largest on front 21 Ercildoune Street, Caulfield North, VIC 3161 • Melbourne SE • Flat terrain, surrounded by numerous houses ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 46 Example #2 – Directional Complex Site π=2 2π β=9 πΌ=1 π 5° π=1 • • • • 7π 2-story polygonal-shaped house “Front” oriented 15° (= NNE) Openings ratio = 2.0, largest on front 63 Ellsworth Drive, Mount Louisa, QLD 4814 • Townsville • Immediately south of Mount Louisa (185m) • 2-story houses North, East, South • Open terrain to West ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 47 Outline • Introduction • AS1170.2 vs AS4055 • Determining Wind Loads • • • • • Calculation Strategy Wind Speed Internal Pressures External Pressures Final Wind Load • Example Wind Calculations • Conclusion & Questions 23 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 48 Summing It Up • Compared to AS4055, AS1170.2 is: Widely Applicable • Fewer Simplifications • Directional • One Procedure • AS1170.2 Wind Design includes: • Wind Speed: Regional Speed → Direction & Topo Factors → Building Orient π:'=,> = π? π* π@,"A= π: π= → π*(:,5 • Internal Pressures: Permeability → (Openings Ratio →) Table Lookup π' = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,' = πΆ$,' πΎ",' m πΆ*n& • External Pressures: 3 Wall Face Lookups + 3 Roof Slope Lookups π( = 0.5πA'l π*(:,5 Y m πΆ;'<,( = πΆ$,( πΎA πΎ",( πΎ` πΎ$ m πΆ*n& • Final Wind Loads: Combine Wind Dir’s → πΎ Factors → πRT, πRY, π:T, π:Y • We performed omni-directional and direction-specific examples 23 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 49 Questions? Explore our broad range of calculations at clearcalcs.com Already available for timber, steel, CFS, & concrete: - Beams - Columns - Connections - Footings - Wind loads - Post & sleeper retaining walls In development: - Other loads - Advanced connections - Advanced foundations - Other retaining walls And watch for more free webinars upcoming on designing other types of members and connections! 23 July 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 50 New Product – Calculation Builder • ClearCalcs is developing a custom calculation builder! • First version: • Create and edit calculators with input, computed and data table lookup widgets • A way to securely make the calculators available to others in your organisation, completely from inside the ClearCalcs platform • Eventually expand to include all of our capabilities – tables, plots, images, etc. If you are interested, contact us! hello@clearcalcs.com ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 51 Appendix About ClearCalcs 22 July 2019 ClearCalcs Pty Ltd 52 Happy Engineers Using ClearCalcs ClearCalcs has been used in over 250,000 designs by a growing number of engineers across Australia. 22 July 2019 “Faster, more accurate design, easier to modify calculations, just all around better” Murray P. Vision Engineers “A great tool to ensure quality, verifiable, and professionally presented comps” Adam M. AM-A Engineers “ClearCalcs has streamlined my design process with its simplicity and convenience” Andrew G. Intrax Consulting Engineers “Far superior product to similar I've used and appears to be improving much more rapidly” Peter M. Intrax Consulting Engineers ClearCalcs Pty Ltd 53 What Sets Our Calculations Apart • Live solutions • Instantly see how every change you make affects the design, in all load cases • Finite Element Analysis • Get the most accurate results no matter what your configuration • As simple or complex as you want • Safely enter in only a few properties, or tune every parameter – it’s up to you 15 January 2019 ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 54 What Sets Our Design Process Apart • Member selector • Check every possible member in seconds • Link your loads • No need to manually copy reactions into the next sheet – just create a link • Simple traffic light indicators • See at a glance how close your design is to perfection ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 55 What Sets Our Platform Apart • Clean, clear printouts • Beautiful results your clients can understand • See full detail for every field • References, equations, and more • Rapid product updates • Receive new features and calculations within days, not years ClearCalcs.com | FEA Structural Design in the Cloud 56 The ClearCalcs Team A growing team of passionate engineers and programmers 22 July 2019 ClearCalcs Pty Ltd 57 Key Advantages ClearCalcs is designed for the modern efficiency focused engineering practice 22 July 2019 ClearCalcs Pty Ltd 58