PHN: INTRODUCTION
 Public health is science & art of:
o Preventing diseases
o Prolonging life &
o Promoting health thru organized community
effort
 PHN
o Prevention, promotion, protection & conservation
of health thru nutrition
o Community nutrition
 Organizing activities of the protection of
community health
o Delivery of nutritional services to groups of
individuals
o Solution of nutrition-related health problems
o Agriculture, education, food tech, health sciences,
community development, behavioral sciences,
social welfare, & economics
 Nutritionist-Dietitian
o Professional person to promote nutritional wellbeing of individuals & groups within framework of
community life
o Responsibilities
 Preventive
 Therapeutic
 Food Service
 Public Health Nutritionist
o Community Nutritionist
o RND that works w/public health or community
nutrition activities
 Legislations
o 1987 – Philippine Constitution (article XV, section
3)
 The state shall defend...the right of the
children assistance, including proper care
and nutrition
o RA 7322 – Maternity benefits
o RA 7581 – Price act of 1992, which ensure basic
commodities are available all times
o RA 6111 – Philippine Medicare Act of 1969
o RA 3720 – Food, drugs, & devices & cosmetic act
o AO No. 88A – Regulatory Guidelines concerning
additives
o PD 491 – Nutrition Act of the Philippines
 Creates NNC
 July as Nutrition Month
 National Disaster Resilience Month
o PD 825 – Penalty for improper disposal of garbage
& other forms of untidiness
o PD 856 – Code of Sanitation in the Philippines
o PD 996 – Provides for compulsory basic
immunization of infants and children 8 years old
o LOI No. 441 (1976) – DILG establish functional
nutrition committees in every region, province,
city, municipality, and barangay
o PD 1286 – Nutrition & Dietetics Act of 1977
o PD 1569 (1978) – Strengthens BNS program by
providing one BNS in every barangay
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RA 7883 (1995) - Barangay Health Worker’s
Benefits and Incentives Act
EO 234 – Reorganization Act of NNC, 22 July 1987
 The need for an intersectoral national
policy-making & coordinating body on
nutrition
 Expanded membership of NNC to include
DBM, DOLE, DTI, and NEDA
 DSWD was named chair of the NNC
Governing Board
EO 128 (1987) – Creating DOST & mandating FNRI
to define nutritional status of Filipino’ periodically
EO 51 – Milk Code of the Philippines (1988)
RA 7160 – Local Government Code (1991)
 outlines powers & functions
 Full autonomy of local government units
RA 7394 – Consumer Act of the Philippine of 1992
RA 7600 – Rooming-in & Breastfeeding Act of
1992
RA 8172 – Act on Salt Iodization Nationwide
(1995) (ASIN Law)
EO 352 (1996) - Designating certain statistical
activities & FNRI’s national nutrition survey
RA 8191 – National Commission on Diabetes
Education
RA 8435 – The Agriculture & Fisheries
Modernization (AFMA) Act of 1997
RA 8976 (2000) – Act establishing the Philippine
Food Fortification Program & for other purposes
RA 8980 (2000) – Act Promulgating a
Comprehensive Policy & National System for Early
Childhood Care & Development (ECCD)
DOH AO 2003-119 – Updated Guidelines on
Micronutrient Supplementation (Vitamin A, iron,
& iodine)
NEDA SDC No.1 – NEDA-Social Development
Committee Resolution No.1 S2004
EO 472 – Transferring the NNC from DA to DOH
DOH AO No. 2010-0010 – Revised Policy & Guide
on Micronutrient Supplementation
RA 10028 – Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion
Act of 2009
 Mandate all health and non-health
facilities establishments or institutions to
establish lactation stations
 Authorize lactation periods
DOLE Dept Order No 56-03, S2003 – Rationalizing
the Implementation of Family Welfare Program
(FWP) in DOLE
 Promoting family planning to providing
family welfare services to workers
DOH-AO 2015- 0055 – National Guidelines on the
Management of Acute Malnutrition for Children
RA 10862 – Nutrition and Dietetics Law of 2016
 Repealing for the purpose PD 491
 Standardization & regulation of nutrition
& dietetics education
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Examination, registration & licensure of
NDs
 Development of competences of NDs
o RA 11148 – Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay
Act
o RA 11888 – Special Protection of Children in
Situations of Armed Conflict Act
o RA 10821 – Children’s Emergency Relief and
Protection Act
o NNC GB No. 1, series of 2009 – National Policy
Guide on Nutrition Management in Emergencies
and Disasters
o RA 11223 – Universal Health Care or Kalusugan
Pangkalahatan
o RA 11210 – 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave
Law
 (105) Days for Female Workers
 Option to Extend for an Additional Thirty
(30) Days Without Pay
 Granting an Additional Fifteen (15) Days
for Solo Mothers, and for Other Purposes
o RA 11310 – Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
Act (4Ps)
o RA 11037 – Masustansyang Pagkain para sa
Batang Pilipino Act
o DOH Dept. Memorandum 2020- 0237 – Interim
Guidelines for Delivery of Nutrition Services in the
Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
o DOH Dept. Memorandum 2020- 0231 –
Regulation of Donations, Related to Executive
Order 51, series 1986 (The Philippine Milk Code),
to Health Facilities and Workers, Local
Government Units, and Non-Government
Organizations in Support to the Response to
COVID-19 Operations and Community
Quarantines—and for Other Emergencies and
Disasters Where Health and Nutrition of Infants
and Young Children are Affected
o RA 2674 – Dietetics Law
Dr. Juan Salcedo Jr. – Established Nutrition Foundation of
the Philippines (NFP); 1st director of Philippine Institute of
Nutrition
Dr. Florentino Solon – Founder & 1st executive director of
Nutrition Center of the Philippines
Francisco T. Duque III – Secretary of DOH
Francisco Santos – 1st President of PAN
Azucena Dayanghirang – Executive Director of NNC
Imelda Agdeppa – Director of FNRI
NATIONAL NUTRITION COUNCIL
 NNC – Country’s policy-making & coordinating body on
nutrition
o Cannot be achieved by spoon-feeding alone
o Requires collaborative effort
o NNC = NNC Governing Board + NNC Secretariat
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DOH
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nutrition-related health programs and
interventions to promote desirable nutrition
practices and healthy lifestyles;
o Rehabilitates malnourished; and
o Prevents, controls, and eliminates micronutrient
deficiencies (VADD, IDA, & IDD)
Department of Agriculture
o Household food security. Increasing productivity
and real incomes of farmers and fisher folk
o Provides technical assistance to the LGUs
Department of Social Welfare & Development
o Nutrition objectives in its policies, plans, and
programs that address the total welfare and
development
o Allocates funds for supplemental feeding for preschool children
o Nutrition education and information in the design
of non-formal training program, out of school
youths, persons with disabilities and older
persons.
Department of Education
o Basic health and nutrition concepts and messages
in the school curricula
o Assess and monitors the weight and height status
of pupils
o Undertake school feeding activities
o Establish health and nutrition-oriented school
gardens and backyard fishpond
o Integrate health and nutrition concepts in
functional literacy classes for adults
Department of Interior and Local Government
o Organization of functional nutrition committees
in every region, province, city, municipality, and
barangay
Department of Labor and Employment
o Employment and increase labor productivity
Department of Science and Technology
o Food and nutrition technologies and information
Department of Budget and Management
o Management of Funds
Department of Trade and Industry
o Consumer’s protection and development of small
and medium enterprises
National Economic & Development Authority
o Nutrition concerns and the PPAN into the PDP),
Philippine Investment Plan (PIP) and regional
development plans.
o Facilitates the review and discussion of nutrition
concerns
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Private Sector
o Assist in promoting good nutrition
o Undertake nutrition projects, researches and
evaluate studies
o Test new approaches and strategies for nutrition
interventions
o Participate in local nutrition programs
o Representative – Appointed by the President for a
two-year term
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NNC Technical Committee
o heads of major department bureaus and agencies
involved in nutrition and appropriate nongovernmental organizations.
o Provides technical assistance
o May also create Technical Working Groups
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Staff Complement in Regional Offices
o 1 Nutrition Program Coordinator
o 1 Technical staff (Nutrition Officer III)
o 1 Administrative Assistant (Clerk)
o 1 Administrative Assistant (Driver)
NNC Vision
o NNC is the authority in ensuring the nutritional
well-being of all Filipinos, recognized locally and
globally led by a team of competent and
committed public servants.
NNC Mission
o To orchestrate efforts of government, private
sector, international organizations and other
stakeholders at all levels, in addressing hunger
and malnutrition of Filipinos
 Policy and program formulation and
coordination
 Capacity development
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Promotion of good nutrition
Nutrition surveillance
Resource generation and mobilization
Advocacy
Partnership and alliance building
Organizations/Foundations Working for Nutrition
o Nutrition Center of the Philippines
 Conduct seminars promoting well-being
of workers
 Makes some nutritious snacks
o Nutrition Foundation of the Philippines
 Private & non-stock organization of
nutritionist & health care professionals for
community nutrition work
 Conducts research
 Facilitate practicums
o Nutritionist-Dietitian’s Association of the
Philippines (NDAP)
 Organization of ND to deliver efficient &
effective nutrition & dietetics through
professional education program
o Philippine Association of Nutrition (PAN)
 Organization of a single body of all
individuals & institutions interested in
supporting efforts directed towards the
attainment of proper nutrition for all
Filipinos
 ND’s and other profession about nutrition
 Very active student organizations
o Philippine Society of Nutritionist-Dietitians, Inc.
(PSND)
 Non-stock, non-profit organization of
professionals in the field of nutrition and
dietetics and allied disciplines
 Aims to develop professional leadership
promotes nutritional improvement of the
Filipino
o Council of Heads of Nutrition and Dietetics
 Organization involved in nutrition and
dietetics education at the tertiary level
 Organization of heads of school (nutrition)
o World Health Organization (WHO)
 Directing & coordinating authority for
health within United Nations
 Doctors and no ND’s
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Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
 Every 4 years
 Blueprint for nutrition
 NNC secretariat makes PPAN
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World Food Programme (WFP)
 Food aid branch of the United Nations &
the world’s largest humanitarian agency
fighting hunger
 Logistics
 Introduced high energy biscuit (500kcal)
and corn soya bean
United Nations’ Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
 Protection of children’s rights, to help
meet basic needs, and to expand their
opportunities to reach full potential
 Procurement of Logistics
Save the Children
 Provides special attention to the children
made vulnerable by endemic poverty,
natural disasters or by armed conflict
Issues to address
o Twin burden of undernutrition and overnutrition
o Inadequate focus given to nutrition as a conscious
concern
o Challenges in effective coordination at the
national and local levels
o Challenges in implementing nutrition programs
and projects “uniformly” in a devolved set-up
Ambisyon 2040 as overall framework
Strategic Thrusts
o Focus on the first 1000 days of life
o Complementation of nutrition-specific and
nutrition-sensitive programs
o Intensified mobilization of local government units
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Reaching geographically isolated and
disadvantaged areas (GIDAs) and communities of
indigenous peoples
Complementation of actions of national and local
governments
Nutrition-specific Programs – Address immediate causes
of malnutrition
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Nutrition-sensitive Programs – Address underlying causes
of malnutrition
o Projects in development sectors that were
tweaked to produce nutritional outcomes
 Targeting households with
undernourished children, or pregnant
women or children 0- 23 months old for
employment
 Targeting areas with high levels of
malnutrition
 Channel or platform for delivering
nutrition-specific interventions
o Farm-to-market roads and child nutrition, DA
o Target Actions to Reduce Poverty and Generate
Economic Transformation (TARGET) and child
nutrition, DA
o Coconut Rehabilitation Program, PCA
o Gulayan sa Paaralan, BPI
o Discount caravans in depressed areas, DTI
o Family development sessions for child and family,
DSWD
o Mainstreaming nutrition in sustainable livelihood,
DSWD
o Public works infra and child nutrition, DPWH
o Monitoring workplace lactation, DOLE
o Adolescent Health and Nutrition Development,
DOH
o Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, DOH, DILG
Enabling Programs
o Mobilization on LGUs for nutritional outcomes
o Policy development for food and nutrition
o Strengthened management support to PPAN
FIDEL (Fortification for Iodine Deficiency Elimination) 1993
ASAP (Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy) / National Micronutrient
Day
LAKASS (Lalakas ang Katawang Sapat sa Sustansya)
INTRODUCTION TO NUTRITION PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
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Policy
o Government’s political priorities and principles
into program and courses of action to deliver
desired changes
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Provides conceptual framework/guidelines as
bases for over-all plans
Can be law
 RA, EO, PD, AO, etc.
 Ex. RA 8976: Philippine Food Fortification
Program & other purposes
Plan
o Cluster of programs that is comprehensive
o Ex. Philippine Food Fortification Strategic Plan
Program
o Set of interrelated projects that presents
personnel, facilities, money, equipment, supplies,
etc.
o Ex. Sangkap Pinoy Seal (SPS) Program
Project
o Specific & time-bound set of tasks or activities
o Ex. Promotion among Food manufacturers to
fortify their products
Activity
o Short-term effort by one/several members of a
project team
o Ex. Monitoring of Products with SPS in sari-sari
stores, meetings, procurement of uniforms,
hirings
Inputs/Resources
o Human
o Technical
o Material
o Institutional
o Financial
Nutrition Program Management
o Decision-making process
o Identifying potential nutrition problems & needs
of a specific population group
o Analyze possible ways of preventing & controlling
malnutrition
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Phase 1 – Plan, preparation, & adoption
o Deciding in advance actions that would be taken
to achieve nutritional objectives
Phase 2 – Implementation
o Putting the plan into action
Phase 3 – Monitoring & Evaluation
o Assessment of objectives if they are met
o Identification of factors that contributed or
hindered the attainment of objectives are
undertaken
o In a way begins the next planning cycle
o Adjustments in implementation
Phase 4 – Sustainability & Re-planning
o Adjustments of the vision, mission, goals and
objectives; re-strategizing is conducted
Principles of traditional basic needs approach
o Involvement – Active participation of everybody
o Comprehensiveness – Whatever has been decided
is truly reflected in the program
o Workability – Operational & objectives are
realistic within specified time & available
resources
o Flexibility – Within specific range/operational
limits & responsibilities
o Balance – Specific activities must contribute to the
achievement of objectives. Outcome & impacts
o Equity – Reaching the “unreached”
o Concern for action is not charity but justice &
solidarity – Righteousness or shared responsibility
Principles of right-based approach
o Participation - participate in planning and
decision-making and implementation.
o Accountability - Nutrition committees are
answerable and responsible for their actions and
decisions.
o Non-discrimination - Guarantee access to services
to the groups most vulnerable and afflicted by
malnutrition
o Transparency - Actions and decisions of the LNC
are visible, clear, and require public documents
o Human Dignity - referred to as “Higit sa Lahat
Tao” principle.
o Empowerment - Respect the people’s capacity to
think and act freely to address their own problem
o Rule of Law - This means “Kapag May Katwiran
Ipaglaban Mo” principle.
Understanding Legal Basis to Nutrition
o National Government Agencies develop national
policies on nutrition that LGUs are enjoined to
adopt
o Sangguniang Bayan enact ordinances and
resolutions in support of nutrition
o LCEs issue Executive Order, office orders and
memo circulars to support nutrition programs
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Situating NPM in the Local Development System
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Legal relationship between LGUs is along the
implementation of development plans &
programs
General supervision Fully independent
Local Government Code of 1991 ensures for a
more responsive & accountable local government
structure in program management
Lower level should support & comply with
(responsive) the nutrition directions from the
higher level, & is responsible for the
implementation of nutrition interventions
(accountable).
Local nutrition council (LNCs) chaired by local
chief executives
Local nutrition action officers as nutrition
coordinators
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“Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) Nutrition”
(PPAN/RPAN) because it provides the general and
broad framework
“Nutrition action plan” (P/C/M/BNAP) because it
contains specific actions or operations
Situating and harmonizing the Local Nutrition Action Plans
in the overall local development system
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Situating the LNAPs in the context of the Local
Development Planning System
o Most LNAPs are stand-alone plans & are not
harmonized
o LNAP should be part of the CLDP & ELA &
ultimately in the AIP & appropriation ordinance or
budget
o Local nutrition process & schedule should be
linked with the local development planning,
legislation & budgeting
Citizen’s Charter
o Document that contains relevant information on
the frontline services and goods
o Provide standard for the delivery of services and
go to the public
Republic Act 9485
o All government agencies & LGUs shall set up their
respective service standards known as Citizen’s
Charter
o Improve efficiency in the delivery of government
service to the public by reducing bureaucratic red
tape
Strategies to mobilize the Local Chief Executives (LCEs)
o Improve the nutrition literacy of LCEs
o Remind LCEs and local legislators about national
legislations that provide the legal bases to
promote nutrition improvement
All LGUs prepare state of local governance report
highlighting the accomplishment on nutrition
programs
o Comparison of performance of LGUs with other
LGUs
o Encourage LCEs and local legislators to increase
support to nutrition
o Provide local politicians “NPM” and policy updates
o Influence the thinking of LCEs and local legislators
on matters affecting nutrition
o Provide a sustainable bottom-up demand for
quality nutrition services from LGU
Describing the Local Nutrition Committees in the Province,
City/ Municipality and Barangay Levels
o Local Nutrition Committee - Mechanism for
planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluation,
and coordinating the local nutrition action plan
(LNAP)
o Functions of LNC
 Prepare a nutrition action plan
 Advocate the adoption and financing of
the plan
 Coordinate and monitor nutrition and
nutrition related activities
 Monitor nutrition & nutrition-related
activities
 Mobilize resources
 Conduct periodic visits and meetings
 Monitor the performance of other
nutrition program
 Hold regular quarterly meetings
 Introduce innovation
o National Policy on Nutrition Management in
Emergencies and Disasters
 LNC shall function as the local nutrition
cluster.
 In case LNC is not functioning, efforts
should be done to reactivate the
committee.
 The LNC is also tasked to coordinate with
other local clusters.
o Making LNCs functional
 Strong leadership of the LCE
 Dedication of the P/C/MNAO
 Cooperation and commitment of the
P/C/MNC members
 Continuous conduct of activities
throughout the year
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Other key players in NPM
 Regional Nutrition Program Coordinator
(RNPC) - coordinate efforts for nutrition
improvement in the region; assisted by a
nutrition officer
 District/City NPC – Provides staff support
for BNS program
 Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNSs) barangay-based volunteer worker who
deliver nutrition services
 BNS is a scholar because he/she
has to continue to learn and
upgrade his/her knowledge
 Volunteer w/o compensation
 Qualifications:
o a resident of the barangay
for at least four years
o able to speak the local
dialect
o has leadership potential
o willing to serve the
barangay
o willing to learn and to
teach people in the
barangay
o Diploma or authentic
evidence of completion of
high school course
o physically and mentally fit
o at least 18 years old but
not more than 60 years
old
 Core Values
o Integrity - having a sense
of truthfulness
o Transparency - making
decisions based on rules
and regulations
o Efficiency - implementing
nutrition programs/
projects with minimum
use of resources
o Equity - being fair to
everyone
Excellence in work delivering nutrition
services that are of good
quality, appropriate, and
timely
Respect for Human rights
- ability to preserve the
dignity of the people
served in the community
Accountability responsible in the
performance
PHASE I – SESSION 1
 Program Planning is a process of:
o Best use of resources to solve the identified
problem or need
o Formulating a set of interrelated set of activities
o Deciding in advance
 What to do?
 How to do it?
 When to do it?
 Who is to do what?
 For whose benefit?
o Takes into consideration:
 Causation of problems
 Available information relating to them
 Experiences and results of past planning
exercises
 Available resources
 Importance of Planning
o Direct all actions towards a goal
o Ensure efficient and effective utilization of
resources
o Justify appropriations from funding
o Used as an advocacy tool
o Prevent overlaps and duplication
o Link nutrition with local development planning
and budgeting
 Food & Nutrition Planning
o Priority objectives the improvement of nutritional
status
 Types of Plans:
o Short-term plan 1-2 years
o Medium-term plan 3-5 years
o Long-term plan more than 5 years
 Approaches
o System Analysis - high priority in national
development; serious development prob.
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Sectoral Approach - influenced by the
thrust/mandate/policy direction of the sector
a. Public Health - Health department sees
malnutrition as a “disease”. Promote &
implement guidelines
b. Social Welfare - Malnutrition as a result of
social unrest, poverty, and natural calamities
c. Food Production - Food availability as a major
factor affecting nutritional status
d. Education - Lack of knowledge or experiences
as contributory factor of malnutrition
Nutrition Oriented Development Planning (NORD)
- Malnutrition is not only a problem of food
consumption and availability, but of poverty.
Reduce the cause of deprivation.
Top-down approach - group external to a
community or environment; Macro level
planning/pre-determined
Bottom-up approach - plan at a lower level,
becoming the basis for the plans at the higher
level; community participation; micro level
planning/self-determined; felt needs
Combination of top-down & bottom-up approach
– Used in country’ nutrition action plans; bibingka
approach/participatory or joint planning; local
leaders, the implementors and the people
Nutrition in Integrated Area Development (AID)
Approach – A package; projects will lead to
integrated development of selected geographical
area; underdeveloped areas with developmental
potential
 Underdeveloped areas –
 Whose populations are in the
low-income brackets
 Which can be developed rapidly
 Requiring relatively little
incremental investments to
generate high benefits
 Projects
 Transport development (roads,
ports, seaports etc.)
 Health & education services
 Water supply facilities
 Irrigation
 Flood control & drainage
Community Nutrition Approaches (BIDANI) Barangay Integrated Development Approach to
Nutrition Improvement
 Systematic
 Bottom-up
 Holistic
 Participatory approach at the community
level to evaluate a nutrition-oriented
village-integrated development plan
 Active involvement and participation of
community inhabitants
 Established people’s organizations
(cooperatives, associations)
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Use of indigenous extension workers
Cost-sharing
Partnership of academic institutions with
LGUs
 Nutrition is viewed as an explicit goal,
objective, and indicator of development
 Linkages among academe, LGUs, line
agencies and NGOs
 Combination of NAD, bottom-up & topdown, & NORD
PHASE I – SESSION 2
 Assessment
o Understanding of nutrition problems
o Basis for formulating objectives, selecting
appropriate interventions, target groups and
areas, and overall design.
o assessment of the situation or the situational
analysis
 Situational Analysis
o Overview of the nutritional status
o Assessing nature, magnitude, distribution and
causality
o Collection, analysis, & interpretation of data
o Known as community diagnosis, community
assessment, or problem analysis
 Assessing Nutrition Status
o What forms…?
o How many…?
o Who…?
o Where…?
o What are the causes…?
o What have been done… How effective?
o Resources available
o What constraints…?
 Ways of Answering Questions
o Putting together related data – can be useful for
assessment
 Indicators - used to measure changes;
monitor the progress of the program
 Information/indicator for
assessment and their sources
Type of indicator/information
ABOUT PEOPLE
1. Demographic
Population size, distribution,
composition, structure, growth
2. Nutrition
weight-for-age, weight-for-height,
height-for-age, birthweight
3. Health
Age specific mortality rate, infant
mortality rate, morbidity rate for
diarrhea and acute respiratory tract
infections, main causes of mortality
and morbidity
4. Food Consumption
Dietary patterns, calorie and nutrient
intake
5. Socio-economic
Food expenditure, cropping pattern,
prices of critical food items, food and
Sources/ways of generating
Local census office, local
development office
Local health office, local
nutrition office, DepED, schools,
hospitals
Local Health Office
FNRI (national), dietary surveys,
FGDs, interview key informants
or simply observe foods
commonly available in locality
Local development office, local
agriculture office, local disaster
coordinating council, focus
cash crop production, climate type,
group discussions, interview and
typhoon occurrence housing type,
observation
major source of livelihood
INFORMATION ABOUT LOCAL RESOURCES
1. Resource
Local development office, local
Health services, sanitation facilities,
health office, agriculture, key
water supply systems, distance of
informants
village to town center, marketing
facilities, food storage facilities,
agricultural supplies available, type
and number of human resource
available for nutrition programs,
projects and activities
2. Program Performance
Local nutrition office, local
Types of nutrition and related
development office, key
programs and projects implemented, informants
coverage of malnourished and
nutritionally-at-risk, other related
activities undertaken
3. Other Related Information Local development office, key
Political and administrative setup,
informants
administrative procedures, formal
and informal organizational
relationships
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Indicators by Type
OUTCOME
Weight-for-age
Height & weight of school
entrants
Proportionate mortality of
children 1-4 years old
Infant death rate
Clinical protein-energy
malnutrition
Mortality rate
Goiter
RESOURCE
Night blindness
Birth weight below 2.5
kilograms
Prices of critical food items
Anemia
Prices of cash crops
Cash-crop production
Village or community variables
(ecological zone, altitude,
topography, accessibility to roads
and infrastructure)
Household variables (occupation
of household head and other
income earners, landholding area,
land tenure status, education
levels, use of technology, etc.
Cropping pattern/farming
system
Percentage of barangays
served by water-supply
systems
Education (income proxy)
Sanitation (percentage of
households with toilets)
Climate type and rainfall
Kilometer of road per square
kilometer of cultivated land
Cultivated areas
Type of housing (income proxy)
Health services
Accessibility (distance to
nearest urban center)
Typhoon frequency
FLOW
Household Expenditures
Food Expenditures
Food/nutrient composition
Home food production

Methods of Obtaining Needed
Information
o Secondary data (desk
review)
a. Sectoral agencies
b. Census & statistics
c. Reports & publications
d. Special studies
o Rapid appraisal of
present food and

nutrition situation
through a combination of
the following methods:
a. Focus group discussions
b. Actual observations
c. Briefings from
village(purok) leaders
d. Interviews with extension
agents/ workers
e. Talking with the people
f. Group informant surveys
o In-depth surveys through
collection of primary data
a. Preparation of family
profiles based on
anthropological,
ethnographic, behavioral
and/or descriptive data
 Other qualitative information
o Food habits and patterns
in the area
o Seasonality of
malnutrition
o Coping mechanism of
households in times of
inadequate food supply
Preparing a family profile
FAMILY PROFILE
 Health and nutrition information of families
 Start of the year usually during the OPT
 Need to update
 Useful to prepare the barangay profile and barangay spot
map
 Essential for nutrition assessment and nutrition planning
 The form contains the following information
o Number of household members
o Name of household head
o Presence of pregnant and lactating women
o Practice of family planning
o Type of toilet facilities
o Garbage disposal practices
o Water source
o Food production activity
o Iodized salt use
o Use of products with Sangkap Pinoy seal
o Type of dwelling
 Can be modified
 Interviewing the head or any member of the family

Household identification
Table 1
Column 1:
Indicate how many members
there are in the household
Write the name of the
household head
Write the occupation of the
household head
Column 2:
Column 3:

Household
o sleep in the same housing
unit & have a common
arrangement in the
o
preparation &
consumption of food


Column 4: Maternal Care
Sub-column 1
(Mother Pregnant)
Sub-column 2
(Mother Nursing)
Sub-column 3
(Practice Family Planning)
Column 5: Toilet Type
Sub-column 1
(Water Sealed)
Sub-column 2
(Open pit)
Sub-column 3
(Others)
Sub-column 4 (None)
Column 6: Garbage Disposal
Sub-column 1 (Burning)
Sub-column 2 (Burying)
Sub-column 3 (Dumping)
Sub-column 4 (Collected)
Column 7: Water Sources
Sub-column 1 (Pipe)
Sub-column 2 (Well)
Sub-column 3 (Spring)
Sub-column 4 (Others)
Family
o group of persons usually
living together
o related to the head by
blood, marriage and
adoption
Family Nutrition & Health
Practices
There is a pregnant mother in the
household
There is a lactating mother in the
household
The couple practices family planning
Household has water-sealed type of
toilet
Toilet of the household is an open
pit
Household uses a toilet other than
the previous choices
The household has no toilet
household burns the garbage
buries the garbage
disposes garbage in a low-lying area
collected on a scheduled day by a
residential garbage truck
water system through pipes to
individual homes or public faucets
from a well which is usually 1 meter
in diameter and 2 meter deep
a natural source of free-flowing
ground water
other than a water system, well,
and spring
Column 8: Type of Dwelling Unit
Sub-column 1 (Concrete)
consisting of sand, gravel, pebbles
or cement
Sub-column 2 (Semicement and other materials such as
concrete)
wood, plaster, and glass
Sub-column 3 (Wood)
made of wooden materials
Sub-column 4
built of salvaged materials
(Makeshift/Barong(flattened tin cans, scrap lumber,
barong)
cartons, or billboard
Column 9: Food Production Activity
Sub-column 1 (Vegetable
has a vegetable garden
Garden)
Sub-column 2 (Poultry)
raises poultry (chicken or duck)
Sub-column 3 (Livestock)
pig, goat, cow, or carabao
Sub-column 4 (Fish Pond)
has a fish pond
Column 10: Household
uses iodized salt
using Iodized Salt
Column 11: Household
uses products with Sangkap Pinoy
Utilizing Products
Seal
w/Sangkap Pinoy Seal

Family Profile

Some info can be
obtained by mere
observation.
o Can be modified
o Interviewing the head or
any member of the family
 Practice the following
interviewing skills
o Build rapport through
greeting and explaining
the purpose
o Respect the
confidentiality of
information
o Collect accurate and
complete information
o Respect the interviewee
and be patient
o Be concise in repeating
and clarifying difficult
questions. Give follow-up
questions.
o Show sensitivity thru tone
of voice, facial expression,
& body language
o Avoid asking leading
questions
o Be aware of approval or
disapproval responses
o Go over the responses to
ensure accuracy
o Thank the interviewee
OPT Plus Form 1B
 includes information on
preschoolers weighed, specifically
household number, name of
household
head/mother/caregiver
 identifies who and where the
underweight are; reference
 kept in the barangay; serves as
the source of information for the
tally sheet of OPT Plus results
 How to fill-up the form


OPT Plus Form 1A
o 3-page form serves as the
barangay tally & summary
sheet
o No. of preschoolers w/
weight & height
measurement aggregated
by age group:
 page 1 – weightfor-age status
 page 2 –
length/height-forage status
 page 3 – weightfor-length/height
status
o Gives an idea of the
number of children
affected by malnutrition
& their age and sex most
affected by malnutrition.
o Used as reference in
formulating & evaluating
BNAP.
o Should be signed by the
BNS
o 3 copies: for file, RHU, &
C/MNC & submitted 1
week after completion of
consolidation of OPT
results or every 5 April of
every year.
o BNC is the primary user
o BNS or BHW may present
the overall prevalence
Barangay Situational Analysis Report


consolidation of family profile &
weight & immunization records of
preschoolers.
 determine the extent of
malnutrition & possible causes
 useful in planning and
implementing
Preparing Spot Map
 An important tool in program
planning, monitoring, evaluation,
& assessment
 aerial view of an area/community
 graphical presentation of the
current nutrition situation
 Steps:
o Use the available map of
the barangay.
o Use illustration
board/plywood, paint,
cartolina, permanent
markers, map pins, plastic
cover, paste or tape,
scissors, paint brush, &
ruler.
o Write the names of
neighboring barangays
o Draw on the map the
existing structures
o For the houses on the
map, show/mark the ff
information using color
codes/legends.

o
useful tool for assessing the
nutrition situation
 should be used for generating
action from the families & the
community.
 should be updated
Analyze the Data
 Finding answers to the eight questions
 Best done by the LNC or nutrition core
group
 What, who and how many?
 % of underweight/severely
underweight PS & school children.
Judge if this is high or low by
comparing with:
o Previous year





o Other municipalities
o Province & region
% of overweight PS and school
children, judge:
o Previous year
o Other municipalities
o Province & region
Determine if the prevalence rates
are higher for boys/for girls
Look at the data on VADD, IDA
and IDD & compare with
standards set by the WHO
Look at the # of the population
affected by varying forms of
malnutrition (population group, &
make a value judgement if the
number is high or low)
Socio-economic information, if
children with weights that are
below have common
characteristics in terms of
occupation of father, or
household size
o Percent of household No. of HH heads who are
subsistence farmers with
at least one
undernourished child ÷
Total no. of household
heads who are
subsistence farmers x 100
o Based on the
aforementioned, the
following judgements can
be made:
 Wasting is (is not)
a problem…
 This is high (or
low) compared
with the
prevalence of the
previous year…
 The
city/municipality/
barangay ranks…
 The change in the
prevalence of
underweight/seve
rely underweight
preschool…
 Overweight is (is
not) a problem…
 Deficiencies in
vitamin A, iron
and iodine are
also (are not)
problems…



o
The number of
affected are
significant/not
Where?
 Mapping/plotting
 Top-ranking areas can be plotted
in the map.
 The following judgement can be
made:
o Undernutrition is
clustered in the __ part of
the city/municipality OR
Undernutrition is spread
out in the
city/municipality
o Areas that are more
affected by
undernutrition are:
 Far (near) the
city/municipal
center
 Those that are
coastal (upland,
inland, depressed
urban
communities)
 Those with
serious peace and
order situations
What are the causes?
 Use problem tree is highly reco
o understanding how the
factors that affect the
nutrition are related to
each other
o Identifying the type of
interventions that could
help address malnutrition
o better done by a group to
have a shared view of
malnutrition
 Constructing the tree
a. List all the nutrition
problems that are
prevalent in the
city/municipality
b. Decide which is most
important
 Criteria
o Magnitude of the
problem – Severity of
problem
 projected number
of cases
 mortality/
morbidity index
 the problems
worsen rapidly
Vulnerability of the
problem to technology
 Does an effective
technique exist to
reduce or control
this condition?
 Is it feasible to
implement the
technique?
 Can the technique
be applied in the
area?
o Social concern – values
attached; is the problem
explicitly expressed as
important
o Existing health
programs/policies – are
there programs?;
policies?
c. Problem should be
specific w/info on
particular group
o will be the top of the tree
o ex. High prevalence of
preschool and school
children with below
normal weight-for-age
d. Discuss again
e. If the group agrees that
the list is exhaustive,
determine causes that are
more immediate
o Done by asking “whys”

o
Problem tree is not done every
year
 Previous tree may be reviewed &
updated
Reviewing efforts to address malnutrition
(Question 6)
 Make inventory of programs, projects, &
activities that implemented in past year
 Determine successes & difficulties




Make tentative conclusion whether to
continue, stop/modify program,
project/activity
Ask feedback from the provincial or
regional nutrition evaluation team
o Assessing resources & constraints (Question 7&8)
 Could either be human, material/physical,
& financial
 Assessing resources by answering:
 What resources available?
 How much are available?
 How adequate?
 Identify readily available resources
 Constraints are factors that could hold
back implementation
 Could be:
 Coming election
 Occurrence of calamities
 Make list of all constraints, & judge which
could be altered
Putting Things Together
o After assessing the nutrition situation, past
efforts, resources & constraints, prepare
situational analysis
o write-up need not be elaborate. Put all
judgements thru assessment
o Written report could be packed into shorter
presentation
o Use graphs, pictures, & would make
communication more effective
Basic Goal of Situational Analysis
o Determine current nutritional status
o Predict area for future needs
o Provide baseline information
o Establish nutritional and other health care
priorities (all age group)
o Define area of responsibilities
o Evaluate impact