TOPIC 1.1- IDEALS OF DEMOCRACY
1. Identify the term associated with each of the following definitions.
Natural Rights
.
Fundamental rights of all humans NOT received from a government
Popular Sovereignty
.
The ideas that people are the source of governmental power and authority
Social Contract
.
The idea that people create a government to protect the rights of the people
. A form of government where people choose representatives to make public policy
Republicanism
2. Identify two specific democratic ideals found in each of the following documents.
Declaration of Independence
U.S. Constitution
Republicanism
- Natural Rights
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances
- Social Contract
Limited Government and Popular Sovereignty
TOPIC 1.2- TYPES OF DEMOCRACY
3. Describe the characteristics of each, provide contemporary examples, and identify one way the document supports that type of democracy.
Characteristics
Examples
Document
No. 1– state governments
Supports
- Broad participation in
- Town Halls, Initiatives, Brutus
Participatory
where people can more directly
politics
and Referendums.
Democracy
influence government
- Amendments that expand suffrage
Pluralist
Democracy
- Group based influence of
politics
- Leads to competing factions
- Interest Groups and
States
Elite
Democracy
- Limited participation by
well-educated elites.
- Supreme Court and the
Electoral College
- Political Parties
- congressional representation,
iron triangles, Super PAC's
Federalist No. 10–Argues for a creation of
a large republic so factions
can compete to promote the pubic interest.
U.S. Constitution–
Creates EC and SC. Makes
U.S. a representative republic.
TOPIC 1.3- GOVERNMENT POWER AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
4. Identify the Federalist and Anti-Federalist positions regarding the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, state sovereignty, and centralized power.
Federalist
Anti-Federalist
- Supports the Constitution
- Thinks of Bill of Rights is unnecessary
- Want the states and fed government to share power (not ve
sovereign)
- Want more central power (to be effective)
Do not Support the Constitution
- Want of Bill of Rights
- Like State sovereignty
- Want central government to be weak (believe it would lead to
tyranny)
5. According to Federalist No. 10, what was the biggest threat to the new nation, and what was the solution to the problem?
Madison argued the biggest threat to the new nation were factions and that the solution was to create a large republic that would
dilute the power of factions and promote the public interest.
6. According to Federalist No. 10, why will democracies always fail?
Federalist No. 10 argues that pure democracies lead to mob rule where minorities (a small group of people) are oppressed.
- Also believed that the people weren't educated enough to make the best laws and that it would be inefficient as the nation grew.
7. Identify three specific criticisms of the Constitution made in Brutus No. 1.
Necessary and proper clause would lead to Congress having unlimited power (using it to justify creating any law they want)
Supremacy Clause: lead to diminishing of state governments as the federal governments could strike down any law.
- Tax, federal courts, standing army.
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TOPIC 1.4- CHALLENGES OF THE ARTICLE OF CONFEDERATION
8. Explain how Shays’ Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Congress couldn't send a militia to help Massachusetts deal with the rebellion and showed that Congress would need to have
more power to help in the future.
9. Identify if each is a characteristic of the Articles of Confederation (AOC), the U.S. Constitution, or both.
State sovereignty
Shared sovereignty
Congress has the power to tax
Congress can create a currency
States can create their own
currencies
▢ AOC
▢ AOC
▢ AOC
▢ AOC
▢ U.S. Constitution
▢ U.S. Constitution
▢ U.S. Constitution
▢ U.S. Constitution
▢ AOC
▢ U.S. Constitution
Congress can regulate interstate commerce
▢ AOC ▢ U.S. Constitution
Congress can declare war and make treaties
▢ AOC ▢ U.S. Constitution
States retain powers not delegated to the federal government
▢ AOC ▢ U.S. Constitution
TOPIC 1.5- RATIFICATION OF THE U.S CONSTITUTION
10. The Virginia Plan favored
states by making representation based on population. The Conneticut
compromise,
big
though, established that the House
would be based on population while the Senate
would be equal per state.
Electoral
College
11. The
chooses the president. At the Constitutional Convention, some advocated for the president to be
chosen directly by the people
while others wanted Congress
to choose the president.
12. Identify the outcome of the following compromises.
Three-fifths compromise
Compromise on the importation of slaves
3/5's of the slave population was counted for representation
in the House. States with more slaves were taxed more.
The slave trade was abolished in 1808. But it wasn't touched
until then.
13. Identify the two ways the Constitution can be amended.
It can be proposed either by 2/3 vote in Congress of 2/3 of special state conventions
3/4 of the states need to ratify it (either through state legislatures or special state ratifying conventions)
TOPIC 1.6- PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
14. Describe the main idea of Federalist No. 51.
To keep the government from becoming tyrannical, power should be separated into three branches largely independent of each other.
But they should have the power to check the power of the other branches.
15. Describe the difference between separation of powers and checks and balances.
Separation of powers refers to the division of powers between the branches (e.g. only Congress can make laws) while checks and
balances refers to the ability of each branch to stop the other from having too much power (e.g. impeachment, judicial review)
TOPIC 1.7- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATES AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
16. Define each term and provide examples of each type of power.
Definition
Delegated Powers given to the federal government by the
powers Constitution.
Reserved
Powers only the states have
powers
Concurrent Powers both the federal and state government has
powers
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Examples
- Declaring War
- Coining Money
- Regulating Commerce within a state
- Policing/Education/Hospitals
- making laws
- taxation
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TOPIC 1.7- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATES AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (continued)
Federalism
17.
is the division of power between national, state, and local governments.
18. Compare dual federalism and cooperative federalism.
Dual federalism - states and federal government competing
Cooperative federalism - fiscal federalism.
19. Identify the term associated with each of the following definitions.
Block Grants
Unfunded Mandate
Federal Funding
Categorical Grants
Dual Federalism - Both the states and the federal government
are supreme in separate thing (there is NO overlap in power)
Cooperative Federalism - the states and the central government
share power.
. Money provided to the states that can be spent within a broad policy area
. A federal requirement that states take a specific action, without providing money to do so
. Money
provided to the states without any restrictions on how the money is spent
Federal Revenue
Sharing.
. Federal money provided to the states to be spent for a specific purpose
TOPIC 1.8- CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATIONS OF FEDERALISM
20. Describe how each of the following constitutional clauses has increased federal power relative to the states.
Commerce clause
Supremacy clause
Allows Congress to make laws on issues that tie to commerce
(which is a lot of things)
It gives federal laws more authority than state laws which
increases the power of the federal government.
21. Explain how the Tenth Amendment and the necessary and proper clause create tension over the balance of state and federal power.
The necessary and proper clause give significantly more power to the federal government by expanding the
scope of Congress's power to unknown lengths. While the tenth amendment gives powers to the states which the
federal government isn't allowed to do. But exactly what the federal government can't do is unclear due to the
vagueness of the necessary and proper clause.
22. Compare the facts, holding, and constitutional principle in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and U.S. v. Lopez (1995).
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
- Maryland taxed a federal bank
- McCulloch refused to pay it.
- Constitution doesn't explicitly say Congress can create
a bank.
Facts
Holding
Principle
The federal government could create a bank due to the
necessary and proper clause and Maryland could not tax it
due to the supremacy clause.
Federalism (gave federal government more power)
- Kid brings a gun to school and is charged under state law and then
under federal law. Congress used the Commerce Clause to create
that federal law.
Congress couldn't use the commerce clause to make that law.
The law was unconstitutional.
Federalism (gave the states more power)
TOPIC 1.9- FEDERALISM IN ACTION
23. Identify two advantages of federalism in the creation of public policy.
- Multiple access points
- States serve as "laboratories of democracy"
- States can make policy w/o national consensus
- Allows for uniform policy everywhere.
- While allowing states to pass specific laws for their people.
24. Define each of the following and identify the constitutional support for each type of power.
Enumerated powers
Enumerated powers are the powers the Constitution explicitly lists
Congress has. They are given in Article 1 Section 8 of the Constitution
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Implied powers
Implied powers are powers Congress has that aren't explicitly listed
in the Constitution. Congress is implied to have these because they
are needed to carry out the enumerated powers. The necessary and
proper clause gives Congress these powers.
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