Identify what is being asked from the given statements below. Choose your answer in the word pool. Practitioner theory title concise motivation hazard qualification equipment costing academic community 1. This may refer to existing social philosophies and generalizations. 2. This may refer to a person who has an expertise and has gained experiences in a particular field. 3. This consists of administrators, teachers, students, and parents. 4. This pertains to devices such as computer and telephone. 5. This reflects the knowledge and training acquired by the researcher. 6. This provides the researcher a satisfaction and enjoyment in conducting a study. 7. This refers to the question “how much?” in the conduct of the study. 8. This pertains to dangers and harms the researcher may encounter. 9. This can show the main idea as well as the summary of the study at a glance. 10. This suggests “comprehensiveness.” You may probably observe that you are living in a society where random changes occur. In a similar way, you may also see that problems are everywhere – from hearing news in a television or seeing timely posted issues in a social media site up to your daily common struggles as a student such as a feeling of difficulty in answering a test or difficulty in transportation going to school and the like. With such circumstances, we may say that this is how the society where we are living is designed to – we constantly deal with these inevitable problems by conducting researches and studies in order to find relevant solutions resulting in a change for improvement. Write Agree if the given statement describes the qualitative research and Disagree if not. 1. Hannah conducts a study which focuses on the daily life experiences of students with dyslexia. 2. To identify the participants of the study, Joshua simply employs random selection technique. 3. In order to solicit responses from the participants, Patricia utilizes the interview guide as her research instrument. 4. Since the study of Kyle aims to understand the culture of the indigenous people, he then decides to immerse in their community for certain months. 5. Clarisse employs an inductive approach in the conduct of her study. 6. The study of Gerald aims to identify the significant relationship between the reading habits and the level of reading comprehension skills of the Grade 11 students. 7. To gather the data needed for the study, Paul utilizes an objective type of survey. 8. To study the challenges faced by the COVID-19 patients in the province of Bataan, Nelson interviews 15 COVID-19 survivors as his research participants. 9. To analyze the gathered data, Oscar employs statistical formula. 10. Michelle carefully observes the emerging themes from the responses she gathered from the interview to answer her research questions. In the Senior High School of Barangay Masigasig, there are four students who are being admired by others because of their hard work. These students are Carlo, James, Sarah, and Nica.Carlo is a consistent top student who is enrolled in Arts and Design track. After attending his classes, he performs extra work as a dishwasher in a carinderia near his house. On the other hand, James is an athlete as well as a good leader of the school who is enrolled in Sports track. He attends his extra work at printing services once his class hours are done. Meanwhile, Sarah is enrolled in TVL track and is known as one of the good performers in her class. She sells isaw, balot, and mani when the clock strikes at 06:00 pm. Lastly, there is Nica of Academic track who always represents her school in different academic contests. During her free time, she serves as a tutor of three pupils from different grade levels. Being active students of their school and showing exceptional determination, Carlo, James, Sarah, and Nica are tagged as the Masigasig Fantastic Four. 1. Who are the Masigasig Fantastic Four from the selection? a. Carl, Jake, Myra, and Lyca b. Carl, James, Myra, and Lyca c. Carlo, Jake, Sarah, and Nica d. Carlo, James, Sarah, and Nica 2. What is common among the four students? a. They are all school athletes. b. They are all working students. c. They are all taking academic tracks. d. They are all leaders of school organizations. 3. Why are they called the Masigasig Fantastic Four? a. because they are hardworking b. because they are all great leaders c. because they are passive students d. because they always represent their school in academic contests 4. What do you think can be the possible common struggle faced by the students in the selection? a. lack of focus b. disrupted study habit c. time management issue d. all of the above 5. If you will formulate a research title based on the selection, what would be its possible focus? a. life of honor students b. life of student-athletes c. life of working students d. life of struggling readers As depicted from the scenario presented in the reading selection, students at their age can also face different struggles. This further implies that nobody is exempted, that is, problems which may be represented as a challenge or a difficulty can be possibly encountered by anyone. Now, as a senior high school student, it is undeniable that you are encountering problems as well. Perhaps, you may also relate yourself with the situations of the characters from the selection whose problem may arise from issues and concerns regarding time management, study habit, motivation, and the like which later can affect the academic performance. As a starting student-researcher, you must remember that a situation that brings you a feeling of discomfort or something that you find as challenging and difficult can be considered as a source of problem. Such a problem may later help you to design your study which primary aims are to investigate, explore, and understand the phenomenon. The findings then can be used to suggest what potential solution may address the problem. The Research Problem In starting with a research project, the researcher must have a clear problem in mind. Basically, a research problem refers to a statement that promptly suggests for conducting an investigation. Moreover, a research problem to be designed must deal with some concerns in a particular field that may need an improvement or a solution. The researcher must also observe gaps in existing scholarly literature, theories, and practices in order to come up with a good and relevant research problem. This designed problem then will serve as a guide to know what kind of research study will be most suitable to address the perceived concern. Sources of Research Problem There is a need for a socially relevant problem when the researcher will attempt to conduct a study. Hence, it is said that identifying and designing a research problem is quite a challenging task. Familiarity with the potential sources, meanwhile, may help the researcher to come up with a good research problem. As cited from Sacred Heart University Library (2020), four (4) varied sources can be considered. These are as follows: 1. Theory. Existing social philosophies and generalizations which the researcher is familiar with may be of a great help to design a research problem. The researcher may observe if there is a gap between theory and practice. Difference between what is said by the elders and what the youngsters see and observe may be a potential source of a problem. 2. Practitioners. Consultation with the people who have direct experiences in a field of interest may provide the researcher an idea of what relevant problem he/she may investigate. Practitioners such as teachers, social workers, health care providers, etc. are considered to be a good source of problem since they are directly experiencing difficulties and challenges which are needed to be addressed. 3. Personal experience. Daily experiences can provide the researcher an idea of what problem that needs a solution. Observation on what is happening in the community may allow him/her to see the common concerns of people or institutions which may be subjected for investigation. 4. Relevant literature. An extensive and thorough review of literature and studies relevant to the problem interest of the researcher may enable him/her to come up with a potential study. Through reviewing other available researches, the researcher may be able to determine gaps in knowledge and to subject them for replication. Thus, a good research problem will be ensured. As cited from the book of Cristobal and Cristobal (2017), there are criteria which should be considered by the researcher in order to arrive with a good research problem. Here they adopted the proposed criteria of Barrientos-Tan (1997) from the book entitled A Research Guide in Nursing Education. These are further subdivided into external and internal criteria. 1. External Criteria a. Novelty. The research problem must carry “newness.” With this, its practical value would be easily perceived. b. Availability of subjects. A research problem, when is subjected to a further investigation, requires data from the target subjects. Hence, the researcher must ensure that there will be available participants who are capable of providing data needed for the study. c. Support of the academic community. The academic community, which consists of administrators, teachers, staff, students, and parents, should be considered by the researcher in what particular problem will be investigated. Each member plays a vital role in the conduct of the study. Hence, the research problem should be clearly perceived as beneficial once it is subjected for investigation. In addition, securing permission among the said members must be done before conducting the actual data collection procedure. d. Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment. Necessary common devices such as computers and telephones which will be used in undertaking a study should be considered. Likewise, other needed materials required by the research problem should be checked if they are available and sufficient. e. Ethical considerations. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, must not pose any unethical demands most especially on the part of the research participants. 2. Internal Criteria a. Qualifications of the researcher. These pertain to the expertise of the researcher to the problem. It is important to the researcher that he/she has enough knowledge and training when the research problem is subjected to further investigation so as to ensure the success of the undertaking. b. Motivation and interest of the researcher. The research problem which is in the interest of the researcher may give him/her satisfaction and enjoyment. Hence, completion of the research tasks will be efficiently attained. c. Time factor. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, should suggest to be time-efficient. With this, the undertaking will be possibly accomplished in a given time frame. d. Costs and returns. It is also important that the researcher should consider a research problem which suggests to be cost-efficient. When it is subjected to a study, it must not be a sort of an expensive undertaking. e. Hazards and handicaps. This means that a research problem should not put the researcher in danger. The proposed study should be safe not only to the participants but moreover to the researcher himself/herself. Physical and mental health of the researcher must always be considered. Research Title Once the researcher has already had a problem that will be subjected for a study, he/she may now begin formulating a good research title that will best represent the problem and the study itself in general. As cited from Sacred Heart University Library (2020), a research title should help the readers to see the main idea as well as the summary of the whole study. Further, it usually contains fewest possible words that can bring understanding of the content and the purpose of the study among the readers. Characteristics of a Research Title As commonly observed, a research title is the first one to be read before proceeding to the other parts of the research paper. Hence, it is really important to know for the researcher what makes a research title an effective one in order to capture the interest of the readers towards the problem to be investigated. Here are some of the characteristics of a research title that the researcher should put into considerations: 1. It should be limited only to substantive words with high consideration to the key variables such as the phenomenon under investigation, the participants, and the setting of the study. 2. It should use words that can create a positive impression among the readers. Avoid using abbreviations as well as some word constructions such as: “method,” “result,” and “investigation.” 3. It should be in the form of a phrase with correct use of capitalization, that is, the first letter appeared in the title as well as the first letter of each noun word should be capitalized. 4. It should be concise by adequately implying the participants and the coverage of the study. Examples of Qualitative Research Title Similar with all other parts of a research paper, the title must be carefully formulated. Other existing research titles may serve as a basis especially for beginning researchers. Below are the examples of title in qualitative research: 1. The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Phenomenological Study on the Lived Experiences of Millennial Teachers (Lacdo-O et al., 2018) 2. The Educated Citizen: Cultural and Gender Capital in the Schooling of Aetas’ Children in the Municipality of Janiuay (Moralista & Delariarte, 2014) 3. This Too Shall Pass: A Grounded Theory Study of Filipino Cancer Survivorship (de Guzman et al., 2012) 4. Local Studies Centers: Transforming History, Culture and Heritage in the Philippines (Perez & Templanza, 2012) 5. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Political Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis (Remorosa, 2018) Write Yes if the given situation from each item indicates good practice in the selection of the problem or in the formulation of the title and No if not. Write your answers on your notebook. 1. Harold conducts a study which has already been done in his school with similar objective and participants. 2. Jessica pursues her study because she observes that there are existing research gaps in her field of interest. 3. Gerald plans to consult the SPED teachers in his community in order to know the focus of his study regarding the life of SPED students. 4. Joana secures the approval of the school administrator before subjecting her perceived problem into a study. 5. The research problem proposed by Ulysses requires more time and may exceed the target time frame when it is subjected into a study. 6. In the formulation of his research title, Willy includes only essential words and variables of the study. 7. To make her research title appears brief, April used the abbreviation of a terminology. 8. Bea capitalizes all the first letters of each word appearing in her research title. 9. Xian includes his participants and the setting of the study in his research title. 10. In order to indicate clearly the context of her study, Olivia used a subtitle. Write the summary of your learnings by surrounding the light bulb with important ideas you acquired from the lessons. Copy and answer the illustration on paper. Characteristics of a Research Title Think of a problem (e.g., societal issue) which you can relate to. Then, formulate one qualitative research title that will seek to answer the problem being perceived. Write your proposed research title on your paper. Your answer will be graded based on this rubric: Scoring system 50 points 40 points Description Elements such as important variables, participants and coverage, correct use of capitalization, and appropriate use of terminology are observed. There is interrelatedness of the elements. Lack 1 element. There is interrelatedness of the elements. 30 points Lack 2 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the elements. 20 points Lack 3 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the elements. 10 point Lack 4 elements. There is no interrelatedness of the elements.
