Final notes Cloud Benifets: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Trade upfront expense for variable expense Benefit from massive economies of scale Stop guessing capacity. Increase speed and agility. Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers. Go global in minutes. Key Aspects of Procurement Pricing Security Terms and Condition Governance Selecting cloud services: 1- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Service provides you with the highest level of flexibility management control over your IT resources and is most familiar 2- Platform as a Service (PaaS): removes the need for organizations to manage the underlying infrastructure, (usually hardware and operating systems) and allow you to focus on the deployment and management your application. PaaS solutions are fully managed. You are able to focus on the applications and data without concern over complex networking and compute. 3- Software as a Service (SaaS): provides you with a completed product that is run and managed by the service provider SaaS offering you do not have to think about how the service is maintained, infrastructure is managed; only think how you will use that particular piece of software. example of a SaaS application is web-based email where you can send and receive email. Regions are geographically isolated areas Availability Zones that allow you to run across physically separated buildings, tens of miles of separation, while keeping your application logically unified. Edge locations An edge location is a site that Amazon CloudFront uses to store cached copies of your content closer to your customers for faster delivery. Taking cache of data in japan and load it on Mumbai. A Distribution is made up of Edge Locations that you want to serve content from, and details about how that content will be tracked an managed. Edge Groups and Circulations are not CloudFront Concepts, and although Load Balancer is an AWS service that helps you direct web traffic, it is not applicable in this case. AWS EC2 Iaas By default public 99.99% availability Has SDKS of Java and .net Can have EBS Volumes attached to it D. EC2 has a flexible, pay-as-you-go pricing model. E. EC2 has automatic storage cost optimization AWS Fargate AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers. It works with both Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS. When using AWS Fargate, you do not need to provision or manage servers. AWS Fargate manages your server infrastructure for you. AWS Lambda AWS Lambda is a service that lets you run code without needing to provision or manage servers. Serverless, can handle microservices You only pay for working time In AWS, you can also build and run containerized applications. Valid access types of IAM users? 1) Using sdk 2) Management console access 3) Programmatic command line Containers Containers provide you with a standard way to package your application's code and dependencies into a single object. You can also use containers for processes and workflows in which there are essential requirements for security, reliability, and scalability. Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) is a highly scalable, high-performance container management system that enables you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS. Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) is a fully managed service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS. Kubernetes is open-source software that enables you to deploy and manage containerized applications at scale. . Lightsail provides set of services; developers compute, storage, and networking capacity and capabilities to deploy and manage websites and web applications in the cloud. Instance of VPS best suited for projects that require a few virtual private servers and users who prefer a simple management interface. Predictable monthly prices, Lightsail plans are charged on an hourly, on-demand basis, so you only pay for a plan when you're using it. PaaS ability to burst CPU performance on web application Dedicated instance private and runs on VPC Spot Instance allows you to use unused EC2 capacity 90% cheaper, runs instances in the background On-Demand Instance most cost-effective per second and hour Reserved instance 1-3 years and paying all upfront is the cheapest AMIs are in AWS Marketplace and Community AMIs object storage, each object consists of data, metadata, and a key. The maximum file size for an object in Amazon S3 is 5 TB. Web-enabled. HTTPS bucket name dot S3 regional endpoint/objects name It's regionally distributed, which means that it has 11 nines of durability, so no need to worry about backup strategies. Supported by CloudFront the cost savings is substantial overrunning the same storage load on EBS. serverless, no Amazon EC2 instances are needed. by default they’re private S3 Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration: AWS feature that enables fast, easy and secure transfers of files over long distances between your client and your Amazon S3 buthe cket EBS An Amazon EBS volume is a durable, block-level storage device that you can attach to your instances. After you attach a volume to an instance, you can use it as you would use a physical hard drive, as instances delete data once you stop terminate the instance, good for application data writing. Adding and modifying changed data each day by day. Gets stored in another region Block-level storage volumes behave like physical hard drives. In block storage, files are separated into equalsized pieces (or blocks) of data. When a file in block storage is modified, only the pieces that are changed are updated. One type of block storage that you can use with Amazon EC2 instances is an instance store. Amazon EBS volume stores data in a single Availability Zone. Amazon EFS is a regional service. It stores data in and across multiple Availability Zones. The duplicate storage enables you to access data concurrently from all the Availability Zones in the Region where a file system is located. Automatically scales EFS Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) is a scalable file system used with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources. As you add and remove files, Amazon EFS grows and shrinks automatically. It can scale on demand to petabytes without disrupting applications. 80 TB Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) RESERVATION Amazon RDS is a managed service that automates tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, and backups. With these capabilities, spend less time completing administrative tasks and more time using data to innovate your applications. Amazon DynamoDB Serverless, Highly scalable is a key-value database service. It delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale at a very high rate. Nonrelational databse is easy to deal with. Doesn’t take non complex queries than span multiple tables. Amazon Redshift is a data warehousing service that you can use for big data analytics. It offers the ability to collect data from many sources and helps you to understand relationships and trends across your data. Leader Node: it’s responsible for receiving queries and manage client connections Compute nodes: The leader node compiles code and assigns the code to individual compute nodes. The compute nodes run the compiled code and send intermediate results back to the leader node for final aggregation Aurora follows row-oriented storage and supports the complete data types in both MySQL and Postgres instance types. Aurora is also an ACID complaint. Redshift uses a columnar storage structure and is optimized for column level processing than complete row level processing. AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) enables you to migrate relational databases, nonrelational databases, and other types of data stores. Redshift vs Aurora: Data Loading Redshift ETL also supports the COPY command for inserting data. It is recommended to insert data split into similar-sized chunks for better performance. In the case of data already existing in Redshift, you may need to use temporary tables since Redshift does not ensure unique key constraints. A detailed account of how to do ETL on Redshift can be found here. Data loading in Aurora will depend on the type of instance type that is being used. In the case of MySQL compatible instances, you would need to use the mysqlimport command or LOAD DATA IN FILE command depending on whether the data is from a MySQL table or file. Aurora with Postgres can load data with the COPY command. Amazon VPC: launch resources in a virtual network that you define. Within a virtual private cloud (VPC), you can organize your resources into subnets. Per account per region while using all AZs, Can per with other VPCs Internet & VPN gateway A subnet is a section of a VPC that can contain resources such as Amazon EC2 instances. It can span the whole AWS Region and all AZs Subnets: Public subnets contain resources that need to be accessible by the public, such as an online store’s website. Private subnets contain resources that should be accessible only through your private network, such as a database that contains customers’ personal information and order histories. Internet Gateway: connection between a VPC and the internet. You can think of an internet gateway as being similar to a doorway that customers use to enter the coffee shop. Without an internet gateway, no one can access the resources within your VPC. Site to Site connection: Contents Virtual private gateway. Transit gateway. Customer gateway device. Customer gateway. virtual private gateway enables you to establish a virtual private network (VPN) connection between your VPC and a private network, such as an on-premises data center or internal corporate network. A virtual private gateway allows traffic into the VPC only if it is coming from an approved network. AWS Direct Connect is a service that enables you to establish a dedicated private connection between your data center and VPC has a very low latency between on premises and on cloud. From 1 to 10Gbps [Doesn’t remember] A network access control list (ACL) is a subnet level virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level, uses set of rules. [Remembers] A security group is a virtual firewall instance-level that controls inbound and outbound traffic for an Amazon EC2 instance, You can change a Security Group associated with an instance if the instance is in the running state or stopped. By default, a security group denies all inbound traffic and allows all outbound traffic. You can add custom rules to configure which traffic should be allowed or denied. (remembers): stateful packet filtering Customers: Security IN the cloud Examples of customer responsibilities include: • Instance operating system • Applications • Security groups • Host-based firewalls • Account management AWS: Security OF the cloud Examples of AWS responsibilities include: • Physical security of data centers • Hardware and software infrastructure • Network Infrastructure • Virtualization infrastructure IAM best practice, create individual IAM users for each person who must access AWS. Even if you have multiple employees who require the same level of access, you should create individual IAM users for each of them. This provides additional security by allowing each IAM user to have a unique set of security credentials. Authentication methods Certificates and Access keys Granular permissions Least privilege is an advantage in IAM Service control policies (SCPs) SCPs enable you to place restrictions on the AWS services, resources, and individual API actions that users and roles in each account can access. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) You can add two-factor authentication to your account and to individual users for extra security. Identity federation You can allow users who already have passwords elsewhere—for example, in your corporate network or with an internet identity provider—to get temporary access to your AWS account. Valid access types of IAM users? 4) Using sdk 5) Management console access 6) Programmatic command line IAM Groups An IAM group is a collection of IAM users Assigning IAM policies at the group level also makes it easier to adjust permissions when an employee transfers to a different job. An IAM policy is a document that allows or denies permissions to AWS services and resources. IAM policies allow you to customize users’ levels of access to resources. For example, if an employee needs access to only a specific bucket, specify the bucket in the IAM policy. Do this instead of granting the employee access to all of the buckets in your AWS account. The main difference from IAM user policies is that bucket policies are attached to an S3 resource directly rather than to an IAM user. When the employee needs to switch to a different task, they give up their access to one workstation and gain access to the next workstation. The employee can easily switch between workstations, but at any given point in time, they can have access to only a single workstation. This same concept exists in AWS with IAM roles. An IAM role is an identity that you can assume to gain temporary access to permissions, An employee requires temporary access to create several Amazon S3 buckets. IAM Role Thye’re the authetnitication permission or authoroization between the instance and the objects Works by assigning IAM Policy List of permission AWS account root user The root user is accessed by signing in with the email address and password that you used to create your AWS account. You can think of the root user as being similar to the owner of the coffee shop. he root user to create your first IAM user and assign it permissions to create other users. AWS Organizations automatically creates a root, which is the parent container for all the accounts in your organization. AWS Artifact is a service that provides on-demand access to AWS security and compliance reports and select online agreements. AWS Artifact consists of two main sections: AWS Artifact Agreements and AWS Artifact Reports+ISO certificate, a seal of approval from a third party body that a company runs to one of the international standards developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Agile protection against web attacks AWS WAF rule propagation and updates take under a minute, enabling you to quickly update security across your environment when issues arise. Ease of deployment & maintenance AWS WAF is easy to deploy and protect applications deployed on either Amazon CloudFront as part of your CDN solution, the Application Load Balancer that fronts all your origin servers, Amazon API Gateway for your REST APIs, or AWS AppSync for your GraphQL APIs. Easily monitor, block, or rate-limit bots With AWS WAF Bot Control, you get visibility and control over common and pervasive bot traffic to your applications. Prevents against: URI Link HTTP Body,Headers IP addresses w homa gowa Does this through ACL working with Cloudfront and ALB Amazon Macie is a data security service that discovers sensitive data using machine learning and pattern matching, provides visibility into data security risks, and enables automated protection against those risks. Makes the application or server is unavailable, use AWS Shield to prevent attacks. Amazon Inspector helps to improve the security and compliance of applications by running automated security assessments and vulnerabilities. It checks applications for security vulnerabilities and deviations from security best practices, such as open access to Amazon EC2 instances and installations of vulnerable software versions. Customer’s responsibility; AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) enables you to perform encryption operations through the use of cryptographic keys. A cryptographic key is a random string of digits used for locking (encrypting) and unlocking (decrypting) data. Amazon GuardDuty is a service that provides intelligent threat detection for your AWS infrastructure and resources. It identifies threats by continuously monitoring the network activity and account behavior within your AWS environment. Amazon Route 53 is a DNS web service. It gives developers and businesses a reliable way to route end users to internet applications hosted in AWS. Depend on in disaster recovery DNS Resolver reflects changes in their cache TTL in 24 hours AWS CloudHSM is a cloud-based hardware security module (HSM) that enables you to easily generate and use your own encryption keys on the AWS Cloud. It’s used to balance the requests flow within instances in low-demand and high-demand periods Error 504 is when app is unresponsive so it serves page 504 Inherently secure Classic: has Listener, then Register instance and forward the port (inherently scalable and self-healing) Application: has Listener and then goes to target groups depending on the Rules, Dynamic port mapping. Network: Listener and target group, static IP address. It better for Long term. To help maintain application availability when a single component fails, you can design your application through a microservices approach. Suppose that you have an application with tightly coupled components run horizontally. Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) is a publish/subscribe service. Using Amazon SNS topics, a publisher publishes messages to subscribers. Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) is a message queuing service. Using Amazon SQS, you can send, store, and receive messages between software components, without losing messages or requiring other services to be available. For decoupling Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery service. It uses a network of edge locations to cache content and deliver content to customers all over the world. AWS Outposts is a service that enables you to run infrastructure in a hybrid cloud approach. Amazon CloudWatch is a web service that enables you to monitor and manage various metrics and configure alarm actions based on data from those metrics for 2 weeks. AWS Personal Health Dashboard -you have a personalized view of the AWS service status that powers your application. Use the AWS Health Dashboard to learn about specific operational issues that affect your account. For example, if you receive an event for a lost Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volume associated with one of your Amazon EC2 instances, you can quickly view how your resources are impacted, helping you to troubleshoot and remediate. Focuses on performance and availablity of AWS Services Service alerts and communicating While the Service Health Dashboard displays the general status of Amazon Web Services services, Personal Health Dashboard gives you a personalized view into the performance and availability of the Amazon Web Services services underlying your Amazon Web Services resources. AWS QuickStart Partner Solutions are automated reference deployments built by Amazon Web Services (AWS) solutions architects and AWS Partners. Partner Solutions help you deploy popular technologies to AWS according to AWS best practices. You can reduce hundreds of manual procedures to a few steps and start using your environment within minutes. Helps Start-ups AWS QuickSight AWS CloudTrail AWS CloudTrail records API calls for your account. The recorded information includes the identity of the API caller, the time of the API call, the source IP address of the API caller, and more. You can think of CloudTrail as a “trail” of breadcrumbs (or a log of actions) that someone has left behind them. Shown by request + sends insights to cloduWatch CloudWatch: “What is happening on AWS?” and logging all the events for a particular service or application. CloudTrail: “Who did what on AWS?” and the API calls to the service or resource. AWS Trusted Advisor AWS Trusted Advisor is a real-time web service that inspects your AWS environment and provides real-time recommendations in accordance with AWS best practices. The fault tolerance best practice is to deploy across multiple AZs AWS Free Tier The AWS Free Tier enables you to begin using certain services without having to worry about incurring costs for the specified period. Three types of offers are available: Always Free 12 Months Free Trials AWS Total cost op (TCO) The AWS TCO calculator allow you to estimate the cost savings when using AWS and provide a detailed set of reports that can be used in executive presentations. AWS Pricing Calculator The AWS Pricing Calculator lets you explore AWS services and create an estimate for the cost of your use cases on AWS. You can organize your AWS estimates by groups that you define. A group can reflect how your company is organized, such as providing estimates by cost center. Combine usage across accounts to receive volume pricing discounts. Consolidated billing The consolidated billing feature of AWS Organizations enables you to receive a single bill for all AWS accounts in your organization. By consolidating, you can easily track the combined costs of all the linked accounts in your organization. The default maximum number of accounts allowed for an organization is 4, but you can contact AWS Support to increase your quota, if needed. AWS Cost Explorer is a tool that enables you to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time. AWS Support AWS offers four different Support plans to help you troubleshoot issues, lower costs, and efficiently use AWS services. You can choose from the following Support plans to meet your company’s needs: Basic Developer (Cheapest) Business (AWS TRUSTED ADVISOR FULL BEST PRACTICE CHECK) Enterprise On-Ramp Enterprise (TAM + 15 MIN SLA) AWS Marketplace AWS Marketplace is a digital catalog that includes thousands of software listings from independent software vendors. You can use AWS Marketplace to find, test, and buy software that runs on AWS. AWS Budgets In AWS Budgets, you can set custom alerts that will notify you when your service usage exceeds (or is forecasted to exceed) the amount that you have budgeted This feature is in the CloudWatch Other Services: AWS IoT Core supports standard communication protocols (HTTP, MQTT, WebSockets and LoRaWAN are supported currently). Communication is secured using TLS. Processing data sent from connected devices. AWS Config can be used to audit, and evaluate configurations of AWS resources. If there are any operational issues, AWS config can be used to retrieve configurational changes made to AWS resources that may have caused these issues. The diffdifference between AWS CloudTrail is that cloudTrail audits everything Amazon Connect is an omnichannel cloud contact center that can be set up easily & at a low cost. It has the following features which help to provide customers a superior service, Telephone as a service High-quality Audio Omnichannel routing Web & Mobile Chat Task management Contact Centre Automation Rules Engine. Amazon WorkSpaces provides a secure managed service for virtual desktops for remote users. It supports both Windows & Linux-based virtual desktops for a large number of users. AWS Service Catalog can be used to create & deploy portfolio of products within AWS infrastructure. This helps to create consistent resources within AWS infrastructure with quick deployment. These catalogues can be used for deployment of single resource or a multi-tier web application consisting of web, application, & database layer resources. Cloud9 IDE Amazon Kinesis cost-effectively processes and analyzes streaming data at any scale as a fully managed service. With Kinesis, you can ingest real-time data, such as video, audio, application logs, website clickstreams, and IoT telemetry data, for machine learning (ML), analytics, and other applications. AWS Support following activities are performed, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Queries regarding all AWS Services & features. Best Practices to integrate, deploy & manage applications in the AWS cloud. Troubleshooting API & SDK issues. Troubleshooting operational issues. Issues related to any AWS Tools. Problems detected by EC2 health checks Third-Party application configuration on AWS resources & products. *App is layer 7 Volume based discounts are used to rewards aws and reduce prices for using their services AWS ElastiSearch and CloudSearch Services in rf 1) AWS KMS 2) AWS CloudHSM Managers Certificate Manager service can they use to keep track of the expiry dates of SSL/TLS certificates as well as updating and renewal The AWS Lifecycle Manager creates life cycle policies for specified resources to automate operations. AWS License Manager serves the purpose of differentiating, maintaining third-party software provisioning vendor licenses. It also decreases the risk of license expirations and the penalties. AWS Firewall Manager aids in the administration of Web Application Firewall (WAF), by presenting a centralised point of setting firewall rules across different web resources. AWS Management Service AWS Management Console is a web-based interface for accessing and managing AWS services. You can quickly access recently used services and search for other services by name, keyword, or acronym. The console includes wizards and automated workflows that can simplify the process of completing tasks. -building out test environments -viewing AWS bills -viewing monitoring -working with other non technical resources. Error: can forget to checkbox something. AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) To save time when making API requests, you can use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). AWS CLI enables you to control multiple AWS services directly from the command line within one tool. AWS CLI is available for users on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Software development kits (SDKs) SDKs make it easier for you to use AWS services through an API designed for your programming language or platform. SDKs enable you to use AWS services with your existing applications or create entirely new applications that will run on AWS. AWS Elastic Beanstalk you provide code and configuration settings, and Elastic Beanstalk deploys the resources necessary to perform the following tasks: -Adjust capacity -Load balancing -Automatic scaling -Application health monitoring -quick deployment for .net and java Amazon ElastiCache a fully managed, Redis- and Memcached-compatible service delivering real-time, cost-optimized performance for modern applications. ElastiCache scales to hundreds of millions of operations per second with microsecond response time, and offers enterprise-grade security and reliability. AWS CloudFormation uses JSON and YAML you can treat your infrastructure as code. This means that you can build an environment by writing lines of code instead of using the AWS Management Console to individually provision resources. Can create “Golden Environment” Calls necessary API and environment (completely automated and used for testing environment and stacks\resources provision) Framework AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) organizes guidance into six areas of focus, called Perspectives. Each Perspective addresses distinct responsibilities. In general, the Business, People, and Governance Perspectives focus on business capabilities, whereas the Platform, Security, and Operations Perspectives focus on technical capabilities. AWS CodeCommit – A fully-managed source control service that hosts secure Git-based repositories. CodeCommit makes it easy for teams to collaborate on code in a secure and highly scalable ecosystem. This solution uses CodeCommit to create a repository to store the application and deployment codes. AWS CodeBuild – A fully managed continuous integration service that compiles source code, runs tests, and produces software packages that are ready to deploy, on a dynamically created build server. This solution uses CodeBuild to build and test the code, which we deploy later. AWS CodeDeploy – A fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services such as Amazon EC2, AWS Fargate, AWS Lambda, and your on-premises servers. This solution uses CodeDeploy to deploy the code or application onto a set of EC2 instances running CodeDeploy agents. DB features Amazon RDS Read Replicas provide enhanced performance and durability for Amazon RDS database (DB) instances. They make it easy to elastically scale out beyond the capacity constraints of a single DB instance for read-heavy database workloads. For microservices debugging AWS X-Ray is a service developed by Amazon that enables developers to conduct performance analysis and debug distributed microservice-based applications. CapEx expenditure in the cloud: Building/premises purchase Physical data center equipment like servers and networking infrastructure IT equipment for IT and office staff Patents Installing local software or in-house applications Datacenter renovation Restoring an asset's value through upgrades Repurposing an asset Setup and supporting infrastructure costs Repairs beyond routine maintenance OpEx expenses in the cloud Items that require a subscription fee, such as software licenses or cloud-based services such as SaaS, IaaS, PaaS, and DaaS Property leasing, such as leasing IT infrastructure on Amazon Web Services (AWS) for a monthly fee Ongoing web hosting Annual IT infrastructure maintenance agreements Software support Cost of goods sold (COGS), which are the direct costs you incur when building and running subscription-based software services. COGS are also referred to as the cost of sales. Contrary, operating costs comprise all expenses you spend to run your entire business, not just the revenue-generating activity. Rent and utilities overhead Wages and salaries General repair and IT infrastructure maintenance fees Marketing Research and development (R&D) AWS OpsWorks a configuration management service that provides managed instances of Chef and Puppet. Chef and Puppet are automation platforms that allow you to use code to automate the configurations of your servers. OpsWorks lets you use Chef and Puppet to automate how servers are configured, deployed, and managed across your Amazon EC2 instances or on-premises compute environments. Disaster recovery AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery (AWS DRS) minimizes downtime and data loss with fast, reliable recovery of on-premises and cloud-based applications using affordable storage, minimal compute, and point-in-time recovery. LAUNCHES IN REGIONS PCI AWS Lambda@Edge For CDN serve varying types of content based on the viewer’s browser cookies System Manager AWS service gives the user the ability to group AWS resources across different AWS Regions by application and then collectively view their operational data for monitoring purposes PCI Compliant A. Choose AWS services which are PCI Compliant B. Ensure the right steps are taken during application development for PCI Compliance C. Do an audit after the deployment of the application for PCI Compliance Elasticity ability to acquire resources as you need them and release resources when you no longer need them. Scalability the ability to add, remove, or reconfigure hardware and software resources to handle an increase or decrease in usage through OpsWork. DEPENDING ON USER DEMAND Auto-Scaling monitors your applications and automatically adjusts capacity to maintain steady, predictable performance at the lowest possible cost. Serveless services AWS Lambda AWS Fargate AWS SNS AWS SQS AWS S3 AWS DynamoDB AWS EFS AWS RedShift AWS Aurora ERROR 500: unresponsive page Cost allocation tags: AWS service or feature can a company use to determine which business unit is using specific AWS resources AWS Data Pipeline and Amazon EC2: To simultaneously process hundreds of requests from different users.