Coordinating Conjunctions: They glue two independent clauses together.
FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Use a comma plus a FANBOYS conjunction to connect independent clauses.
When there is no FANBOY conjunction, use semicolon to connect two independent clauses.
Example therefore, nevertheless,
Subordinating Conjunctions: Modifiers can be connected to independent clause by
subordinating conjunctions. Example – although, because, while, though, unless, before, after, if
Cousin pairs of words:
Adjective and Adverb:
Like vs Including
SUBJECT – VERB – AGREEMENT
Fragment Sentence: Either Subject or working verb missing. NOT a complete sentence.
Subject verb must agree in Number (how to check that?)
Eliminate the MIDDLEMAN and Skip the Warmup
1. Prepositional Phrase: a group of words headed by a preposition. Ex- of mice, for milk, by
1900, with her, from the office
A noun in the prepositional phrase will never be the main subject of a sentence.
2. Dependent clause is stripped out of a sentence in order to make subject verb agreement.
Use of THAT
Format: Subject working verb THAT Subject Verb Object
When the word ‘that’ appears just after the working verb, a new subject-verb-object structure will
follow.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Two Independent clauses are connected with comma and Coordinating conjunctions
(FANBOYS) in order to form a compound sentence.
Run-on sentence/Comma Splice Error: when two independent clauses are only connected
with comma without conjunctions.
Meaning + Verb Forms + Awkwardness/Redundancy





The simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future.
The simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual
actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
For referring to purpose/intent of action the infinitive verb form ("to +base form of verb") is preferred over the
present participle ("verb+ing").
The introduction of present participle ("verb+ing"- “building” in this case) after comma generally leads to a
cause-effect relationship.
Any elements linked by a conjunction (and, or, but etc.) must be parallel