Lesson 1. Theme: Computer threats APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY New words hacker protocol intruder encryption freeware Definition 1. a person who has a high level of skill in computer technology or programming; a computer expert or enthusiast; a person who circumvents security and breaks into a network, computer, file, etc., often, but not always, with malicious intent the customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic formality, precedence, and etiquette. an original draft, minute, or record from which a document, especially a treaty, is prepared. a person who enters a building, grounds, etc, without permission The process of encoding a message so that it can be read only by the sender and the intended recipient. Encryption systems often use two keys, a public key, available to anyone, and a private key that allows only the recipient to decode the message. computer software distributed without charge. APPENDIX 2: SPEAKING Task 1. In pairs, discuss these questions. 1. What is a hacker? 2. How easy do you think it is to infiltrate the Internet and stel sensitive information? 3. How can you protect your computer from viruses and spyware? APPENDIX 3: WRITING Task 1. Match the captions (1-4) with the pictures (a-d). A secure website can be recognized in two ways: the address bar shows the letters https and a closed padlock or key is displayed at the bottom of the screen. You have to type your user name and password to access a locked computer system. This program displays a message when it detects spyware and other unwanted software that may compromise your privacy or damage your computer. Private networks use a software and/or hardware mechanism called a firewall to block unauthorized traffic from the Internet. Appendix 4. Reading. Task1. Read the text carefully and answer these questions. Why is security so important on the Internet? What security features are offered by Mozilla Firefox? What security protocol is used by banks to make online transactions secure? How can we protect our email and keep it private? What methods are used by companies to make internal networks secure? In what ways can a virus enter a computer system? How does a worm spread itself? Task 2. After reading the te xt complete this (SIT) with one surprising fact or idea; one interesting fact or idea; one troubling fact or idea for you. SECURITY AND PRIVACY ON THE INTERNET There are many benefits from an open system like the internet but one of the risks is that we are often exposed to hackers who break into computer systems just for fun, to steal information, or to spread viruses ( see note below). So how do we go about making our online transactions secure? Securuty on the Web Securuty is crucial when you send confidential information online. Consider, for example the process of buying a book on the Web. You have to type your credit card number into an order form which passes from computer to computer on its way to the online bookstore. If one of the intemediary computers is infiltrated by hackers, your data can be copied. To avoid risks, you should set all security alerts to high on your web browser. Mozilla Firefox displays a lock when the website is secure and allows you to desable or delete cookies – small fies placed on your hard driver by web servers so that they can recognize your PC when you return to their site. If you use online banking services, make sure the use digitial certifucate - files that are like digital identification cards and that identify users and web servers.Also be sure to use browser that is compliant with SSL ( Secure Sockets Layer), a protocole which providers secure transactions. Email privacy Similarly, as your email travels across the Net, it is copied temporarily onto many computers in between.This means that it can be read by people who illegally enter computer systems. The only way to protect a message is to put it in a sort of virtual envelope that is, to encode it with some form of encryption. A system disigned to send email privately is Pretty Good Privacy, a freeware programm written by Phil Zimmerman. Network securuty. Private networks can be attacked by intruders who attend to obtain information such as Social Security numbers, bank accounts or research and business reports. To protect crusial data , companies hire security consultantas who analyze the risks and provide solutions. The common methods of protections are passwords for access control, firewalls, and enscrytion and descryption systems. Enscrytion changes data into a secret code so that only someone with a key can read it. Descryption converts enscrypted data back into its original form. Malware protection. Malware ( malicious software) are programs designed to infiltrate or damage your computer, for example viruses, worms, Trojans and spyware. A virus can enter a PC via a disc drive If you insert an infected disk - or via the internet. A worm is a self – copying program that spreads through email attachments; it replicates itself and sends a cpoy to everyone in an adress book. A Trojan horce is disguised as a useful program; it may affect data security. Spyware collects information fromyour PC without your consent. Most spyware and adware ( software that allows pop-ups- that is, advertisements that suddenly appear on your screen) is included with ‘free ‘downloads. If you want to protect your PC, don’t open email attachments from strangers and take care when doneloading files from the Web. Remember to update your anti- virus software as often as possible, since new viruses are being created all the time. Note: Originally, all computer enthusiasts and skilled programmers were known as hackers, but during the 1990s , the term hacker became synonyms with cracker- a person who uses technology for criminal aims. Nowadays, people often use the word hacker to mean both things. In the computer industry, hackers are known as white hats and crackers are called black hats or darkside hackers. APPENDIX 4: LISTENING Task1 . Listen to an interview with Diana Wilson, a member of the Internet Safety Foundation. Which answers (a or b) best describe what she says? Parents should make children aware of The benefits and risks of the Internet. The risks of the Internet A web filter program can be used to Prevent access to sites with inappropriate content Rate web content with labels( similar to the way movies a rated) If kids spend too much time online or suffer from internet addiction, parents should Stop them using the internet Look for help from specialists. Task 2. Listen again and complete the interviewer’s notes. APPENDIX 5:LANGUAGE. SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS What is a Synonym? A synonym is a word/phrase, the meaning of which is the same or nearly the same as another word or phrase. Words that are synonyms are described as synonymous. Synonym examples: Artful – Crafty Deceptive – Misleading Ballot – Poll Enormous – Immense Chorus – Refrain What is an Antonym? An antonym is a word/phrase that means the opposite of another word or phrase. Check the examples. Antonym examples: Admire – Detest Dainty – Clumsy Bravery – Cowardice Economise – Waste Crooked – Straight Task 1. Match the words on the left with their synonyms on the right. Are your answers the same as other students’? 1. richest 2. giant 3. entrepreneur 4. fascinated 5. creation 6. deal 7. beginning 8. vision 9. style 10. stepped down 11. provide 12. ignored a. formation b. interested c. agreement d. monster e. wealthiest f. businessman g. quit h. passed over i. dream j. give k. start l. approach Task 2. Match the synonyms. 1. warned 2. stage 3. greatly 4. seamless 5. replenishing 6. potential 7. drive 8. unforeseen 9. primary 10. huge a. refilling b. smooth c. ability d. step e. propels f. key g. cautioned h. enormous i. unexpected j. considerably APPENDIX 5: Homework. Task 1. Look at the list of cybercrimes and answer to these questions. Which crimes are the most dangerous? Is it fair or unfair to pay for the songs, video, books or articles that you download? What measures can be taken by government to stop cybercrime? Do you think governments have the right to censor material on the internet THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION
