Learning objectives
Tuesday, March 22, 2022
11:42 PM
1. Describe and observe the sounds that a normal heart makes.
• S1 is AV node closing, after QRS, ventricular systole, lub
• S2 is semilunar valve closing, after t wave, ventricular diastole, dub
2. Describe the relationship between the first and second heart sounds and the
phases of the cardiac cycle.
3. Record and analyze heart physiology data via ECG and PCG.
• Small first hump is P wave: atrial depolarization
• QRS: Q is dip, R is spike, S is dip, ventricle depolarization and atrial
repolarization
• Last hump is T wave, ventricle repolarization
4. Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
• Systolic is max bp, top number, ventricular contraction (depolarization,
systole)
• Diastolic is min bp, bottom number, ventricular relaxation (repolarization,
diastole)
5. To accurately determine a subject’s blood pressure with a
sphygmomanometer.
6. To manually determine a subject’s pulse.
7. To describe changes in pulse and blood pressure that occur with a change in
position.
• Bp drops when standing after laying down bc gravity slows venous return
8. List and describe the major components of whole blood including their relative
abundance.
• Plasma, leukocytes (least), erythrocytes (2nd most, large volume), platelets
(most, small volume)
9. List and describe the normal components of plasma
• 92% water, 7% proteins, 1% other
10. Identify (via figures or virtual microscope), classify and characterize each of the
types and subtypes of the formed elements: red blood cells, white blood cells,
and platelets.
11. Associate the relative abundance of white blood cells to common disease
states.
• HIV, low lymphocytes
• Mononuclosis, abnormally shaped lymphocytes
• Bacterial infection, neutrophil
12. List and describe common blood types along with the clinical importance of
this information.
• A: antigen A, antibody B
• B: antigen B, antibody A
• AB: antigen A and B, no anibody
• O: no antigens, a and B antibodies
• Rh+: d present
• Rh-: d absent
13. Conduct blood typing on synthetic blood samples.
14. Identify major respiratory system structures on a model, diagram, or dissected
material.
15. Identify major features of tracheal or lung tissue on a microscope slide and
describe their functions.
16. Explain how pressure gradients account for flow of air into and out of the
lungs and how those gradients are produced
• Inspiration: intra-alveolar volume < atmospheric volume, respiratory
structure volume increase, pressure decrease
• Expiration: intra alveolar volume > atmospheric volume, respiratory
structure volue decrease, pressure increase
17. Define the components of, and perform, common clinical measurements of
respiratory rate, pulmonary volume, and pulmonary capacity.
18. Describe how common activities affect respiratory rate.