WHICH OF MILL'S METHODS ARE ILLUSTRATED BELOW?
1.Dr. Whizzenstein was able to determine that the drug methodoctyl would cause the airways to
expand in asthmatic patients. He gave 5 mg to 30 patients and their airways opened an additional
1 cm from normal. He then gave 10 mg to 25 patients and their airways opened an additional 2 cm
from normal. When he gave a group of 30 patients a 20 mg dose, their airways opened up an
additional 4 cm from normal.
ANSWER: Joint method of agreement
2.When plants at the three high school laboratories all began to show yellow leaves, an attempt
was made to determine the cause. It was found that the plants at each high school were different
varieties and that the temperature varied in each room. It was noted that in all three schools, the
plants were given water every day.
ANSWER: Method of agreement
3.Mr. Spaulding was able to determine that the left frontal cortex area of the brain is
responsible for musical skills. He did this by keeping records on people who had brain
injuries: One person had the left frontal cortex. area destroyed by a bullet to the head; this person
was able to\r.ec over, except for the damage to that part of the brain. This person had no sense of
music. Also, a workman who had been a tenor in the church choir had been struck by a pipe at
work'. The pipe penetrated the skull and removed the left frontal cortex area of the brain. . The
worker was never able to sing again.
ANSWER: Joint method of agreement
4.To test the theory that speed kills, the researcher gathered the following data:
- In accidents involving different makes of cars, different ages of drivers, different driving
conditions, and a high rate of speed, there were 80% fatalities.
- In accidents involving different make of cars, different ages of drivers, different driving
-
conditions, but a moderate rate of speed, there were 30% fatalities.
ANSWER: Method of difference
5.Chemists were determined to find out what was causing the strange feeling in the stomach that
people who drank Alvin's cough medicine reported. There were three ingredients: com syrup,
alcohol, and methy1ated triticum. The com syrup was given to some subjects with a slight
feeling of sweetness. The alcohol was given to other subjects with only a slightly pleasant
feeling. The chemists knew that they had to eliminate the methylated triticum from the cough
medicine if they· were going to be able to sell the product.
ANSWER: Method of residues
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6.A study was made of eight rear-end collisions in a rural county in Texas. It was discovered that
three of the collisions occurred at railroad crossings. In two of the collisions the car that hit the other
car was playing
loud music. In three of the collisions the driver of the car that hit the other car was
.. working a night shift. In all eight of the collisions the driver of the car that hit the other car was
talking on a cellular phone. From this study it was concluded that cell phone use is a cause of
rear-end collisions.
-•'
ANSWER: Method of agreement
7.Researchers at Jeans Hopsons University did an experiment on the sodium levels in the
blood of 40 patients. The smoothed averaged data revealed the following table:
Sodium Level
0.2 mg.
0.3 mg.
0.4mg.
0.5 mg.
0.6mg.
0.7mg.
0.8mg.
Blood Pressure
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
ANSWER: Method of concomitant variation
8.A large corporation wanted to determine if wrapping their outgoing packages with string was
adding weight and thus increasing their mailing costs. How much a factor was the string? They
weighed a sample of boxes that they shipped. They knew the weight of the article in the box and
they knew the weight of the box and the weight of the paper that wrapped the box. So by
weighing the wrapped and tied box in 50 random cases, they discovered that the difference due
to the string was only 0.1 ounce, which would not affect the postage costs.
ANSWER: Method of agreement
9.So the above corporation did another study. They took 50 boxes that were ready for
shipping. Twenty- five of the boxes were wrapped in paper and tied with string, and 25 were
not wrapped in paper but were tied with string. The postage costs for the boxes wrapped in
paper was, on average, 10 cents higher than those without paper. They thus knew what
was causing the increased postage costs.
ANSWER: Method of difference
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10. A company that makes siding for homes was attempting to determine the cause of siding turning a
different color after a few years. They compared two sets of data:
- In a survey of 50 homes that were located in different climates, and involved different
sizes of homes, different colors of siding, and different carpenters that did the work, and almost all
of which were located within 200 ya.rds of a heavy industrial factor y, the siding turned a
different color.
-In a survey of another 50 homes that were located in different climates, and involved different sizes
of homes, different colors of siding, and different carpenters that did the work but were not within 5
miles of a heavy industrial factory, the siding did not turn a different color.
.
ANSWER: Method of difference
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