Contraceptive
Method
MOA
Side Effects
NonContraceptive
Effects
Contraindications
Steroid
contraception
Inhibits ovulation by
suppressing LH and
FSH release,
suppress ovulation,
endometrial
atrophy, thickening
cervical mucus to
prevent sperm from
reaching egg
Breakthrough
bleeding,
weight gain,
depression,
increase risk of
PE & DVT
Reduces risk of
ovarian and
endometrial
cancer, improves
menstrual
regularity, may
improve acne
smoking, history of
blood clots or stroke,
uncontrolled
hypertension, breast
cancer
Barrier
spermicidal
method
Creates a barrier
that prevents sperm
from reaching egg
Allergic
reactions,
irritation,
decreased
sensation,
breakage
Reduces risk of
STIs, including
HIV/AIDS,
provides a barrier
against other
fluids (e.g. semen,
blood)
Allergy to latex or
spermicide
Intrauterine
contraception
Copper: Causes
inflammation that is
toxic to sperm and
eggs, preventing
fertilization and
implantation
Heavy
menstrual
bleeding,
cramping,
expulsion,
perforation of
uterus, PID
Reduces risk of
ovarian and
endometrial
cancer, can help
with heavy
menstrual
bleeding.
Allergy to copper,
Pregnancy, current or
recent pelvic infection,
cervical or uterine
abnormalities.
Hormonal:
thickening of
cervical mucosa,
increase tubal
motility