Erbil Medical Technical Institute
Pharmacy dept.
First stage
T-Physiology
{Blood pressure}
Prepared By :
Supervised By:
Shayma Abdulla
Lec Jwan
(2021-2022)
OUTLINE:
Introduction............................................................page 3
Blood Pressure Test...............................................page 3
High Blood Pressure..............................................page 4
Low Blood Pressure...............................................page 4
5. Equipment......................................................page 5
6. Procedure................................................................page 6.7.8
7. Normal Range Of Blood pressure ........................page 9
8. Use............................................................................page 10
9. Risks………………………………………………page10
10. Discussion...............................................................page 11
11. Reference................................................................page 12
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Introduction
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this
pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without
qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries. Blood pressure is usually
expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure
(minimum pressure between two heartbeats) in the cardiac cycle. It is measured in millimetres of mercury
(mmHg) above the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
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Systolic blood pressure (the first and higher number): measures pressure inside your arteries
when the heart beats.
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Diastolic blood pressure (the second and lower number): measures the pressure inside the artery
when the heart rests between beats.
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Blood Pressure Test
A blood pressure test measures the pressure in your arteries as your heart pumps. You might have a blood
pressure test as a part of a routine doctor's appointment or as a screening for high blood pressure
(hypertension). Some people use a blood pressure test at home to better track their heart health.
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against
your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.
Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to
blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher
your blood pressure. A blood pressure reading is given in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg). It has two
numbers.
Low Blood pressure
Low blood pressure (hypotension)occurs when blood pressure is much lower than normal. This means the
heart, brain, and other parts of the body do not get enough blood. Normal blood pressure is mostly between
90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg.
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Equipment
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Stethoscope
Appropriate cuff
PPE, as indicated
Blood pressure cuff of appropriate size
Pen and TPR Chart
Alcohol swab
Sphygmomanometer
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Procedure
1.Check physician’s order or nursing care plan for frequency of blood pressure measurement. Provides for
patient safety.
2.Check to determine if patient smoked or had caffeine prior to blood pressure assessment. If doing so wait 5
to 10 minutes.
3.Check the sphygmomanometer: make sure it is in good working order and has been serviced.
4.Raise the height of the bed to the waist level.
5. Select an appropriately sized cuff.
6. Perform hand hygiene and put on PPE, if indicated.
8.Protect patient privacy.
9.Select the appropriate arm for application of the cuff. Do not Wrap an injured or a painful extremity or
one in which an intravenous line is running.
10. Place the patient on comfortable lying or sitting position with the forearm supported at the level of the
heart and the palm of the hand upward. If the measurement is taken in the supine position, support the arm
with a pillow. Make sure the patient keeps the legs uncrossed during sitting position.
11.Expose the brachial artery by removing garments, or move a sleeve, if it is not too tight, above the area
where the cuff will be placed.
12. Palpate the location of the brachial artery.
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13. Wrap the cuff around the arm smoothly and gently, over the brachial artery and secure it. Do not allow
any clothing to interfere with the proper placement of the cuff.
14.The lower edge of the cuff is should be about 2.5 to 5cm (1 to 2 inches) above the inner aspect of the
elbow joint. The tubing should extend from the edge of the cuff nearer the patient’s
15.Check that the needle on the aneroid gauge or mercury manometer is within
the zero mark.
16. Palpate the pulse at the brachial or radial artery by pressing gently with the fingertips.
17. Tighten the screw valve on the air pump
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18. Inflate the cuff while continuing to palpate the artery.
Note the point on the gauge where the pulse disappears.
19. Deflate the cuff and wait 1 .
20.Clean stethoscope earpieces and diaphragm with alcohol swab before use. Place the diaphragm of the
stethoscope firmly but with as little pressure as possible over the brachial artery . Do not allow the
stethoscope to touch clothing or the cuff.
21. Pump the pressure 30 mm Hg above the point at which the pulse disappeared. Slowly Open the screw
valve and allow air to escape slowly (allowing the mercury to fall at a rate of 2 to 3 mm Hg per second).
22. Put manometer needle gauge or mercury column at your eye level. Note the appear theu first sound
pointed that heard on the device (systolic pressure) which called (korotk off sound).
23. Do not re-inflate the cuff once the air is being released to re-check the systolic pressure reading.
24.Note the pointed that disappear sound completely on device
(diastolic pressure) which called (korotk off sound)
25. Deflate the cuff quickly and remove from the patient’s arm.
Repeat any suspicious reading, but wait at least 1 minute.
26. When measurement is completed, remove the cuff. Remove gloves, if worn. Cover the patient and help
him or her to a position of comfort.
27. Remove additional PPE, if used. Perform hand hygiene.
28. Clean the diaphragm of the stethoscope with the alcohol wipe. Clean and store the sphygmomanometer,
according to facility policy.
29. Record findings on the TPR chart.
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Normal Range Of Blood Pressure
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Use
blood pressure test measures the pressure in your arteries as your heart pumps. You might have a blood
pressure test as a part of a routine doctor's appointment or as a screening for high blood pressure
(hypertension). Some people use a blood pressure test at home to better track their heart health.
Risks
A blood pressure test is simple, quick and usually painless. However, the blood pressure cuff squeezes your
arm while it inflates. Some people find this slightly uncomfortable. The feeling lasts for only a few seconds.
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Discussion
Your results, also known as a blood pressure reading, will contain two numbers. The top or first number is
the systolic pressure. The bottom or second number is the diastolic pressure. High blood pressure readings
are also labeled by categories, ranging from normal to crisis. Your reading may show your blood pressure is:
If you've been diagnosed with high blood pressure, your provider may recommend lifestyle changes
and/or medicines to control your blood pressure. Your provider may also recommend that you regularly
check your blood pressure at home with an automated blood pressure monitor. An at-home blood pressure
monitor usually includes a blood pressure cuff and a digital device to record and display blood pressure
readings.
Home monitoring is not a replacement for regular visits to your provider. But it can provide important
information, such as whether treatment is working or your condition may have worsened. Also, home
monitoring may make the test less stressful. Many people get nervous about getting their blood pressure
taken at a provider's office. This is called "white coat syndrome." It can cause a temporary rise in blood
pressure, making the results less accurate. For more information about home monitoring of blood pressure,
talk to your provider.
If you were tested for low blood pressure, a blood pressure reading of 90 systolic, 60 diastolic (90/60) or
lower is considered abnormal. Treatments for low blood pressure may include medicines and making certain
changes to your diet
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Reference
1. https://www.everydayhealth.com/hypertension/understanding/
what-does-blood-pressure-measure.aspx
2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bloodpressuretest/about/pac-20393098
3. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/highbloodpressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings
4. https://www.medilogbiohealth.com/2021/03/partsofsphygmomanometer-bp-apparatus.html
5. https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/tips-tomeasureyour-blood-pressure-correctly
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