Fluid Mechanics
DR. Dolyn Doromal
Assignment:
Title
Compressional Stress
Definition
Compressive stress is the
stress on materials that causes
them to shrink in volume.
When brittle materials are
subjected to compressive
stress, they fracture due to the
sudden release of stored
energy. When compressive
stress is applied to ductile
materials, they compress but
do not fail.
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Tension Stress
Archimedes
Newton
Stress is defined as force per
unit area and is determined by
dividing the force by the area
upon which it acts. The
normal component of the force
acting on a surface per unit
area is called the normal
stress, and the tangential
component of the force acting
on a surface per unit area is
called shear stress
Archimedes’ Principle states
that a body immersed in a
fluid experiences an up thrust
equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced, and this is
fundamental to the
equilibrium of a body floating
in still water.
A Newtonian fluid can be
defined as “the shear stress is
directly proportional to shear
rate at a constant temperature
and pressure.” The constant
proportionality is known
as dynamic viscosity of fluid.
Contribution
Deformations come in
several types: changes in
length (tension
and compression),
sideways shear (stress),
and changes in volume.
For very small
deformations and
uniform materials, \Delta
LΔL is approximately the
same for the same
magnitude of tension
or compression.
For larger deformations,
the cross-sectional area
changes as the rod
is compressed or
stretched.
Helps us understand the
behavior of fluid under
various forces and at different
atmospheric conditions, and to
select the proper fluid for
various applications. This field
is studied in detail within Civil
Engineering and also to great
extent in Mechanical
Engineering and Chemical
Engineering.
Archimedes found that the
volume of a sphere is twothirds the volume of a cylinder
that encloses it. He also
discovered a law of buoyancy,
Archimedes' principle that
says a body in a fluid is acted
on by an upward force equal
to the weight of the fluid that
the body displaces.
Planetary motion - Newton
linked universal gravitation to
Kepler's laws of planetary
motion. Fluids – Newton
studied fluids and measured
how they moved by measuring
their viscosity and finding
predictable properties to
fluids. Fluids that have such
properties are called
Newtonian fluids.
Torricelli
Pascal
Bernoulli
Torricelli's law is a principle
of fluid dynamics. The law
describes the relationship
between the exit velocity of an
ideal fluid from a small hole
and the depth of fluid above
that hole.
Pascal’s principle, also called
Pascal's law, in fluid (gas or
liquid) mechanics, statement
that, in a fluid at rest in a
closed container, a pressure
change in one part is
transmitted without loss to
every portion of the fluid and
to the walls of the container.
Bernoulli's principle states
that. The total mechanical
energy of the moving fluid
comprising the gravitational
potential energy of elevation,
the energy associated with the
fluid pressure and the kinetic
energy of the fluid motion,
remains constant.
Torricelli also proved that the
flow of liquid through an
opening is proportional to the
square root of the height of the
liquid, a result now known as
Torricelli's theorem.
Pascal contributed to
hydrostatics. This is the
branch of fluid mechanics that
studies fluids at rest. In the
course of his experiments,
he invented the syringe and
the hydraulic press. Pascal
carried out experimentations
with air pressure.
Allows engineers to make
sense of the fluid dynamics
phenomenon to safely design
the fluid flow in and around
airplane wings, engines and
medical delivery equipment. A
key concept in fluid dynamics,
Bernoulli's principle relates
the pressure of a fluid to its
speed.
Prepared by:
ANALIE MARIE A. MAGALLANES BSED 3- SCIENCE