Basic Emergency Care
The Purposes of First Aid
 Preserve life
 Prevent further injury
 Promote recovery
Emergency Scene Management
 Assess the situation
 Make the area safe
 Emergency aid is given
 Get help from others
 Aftermath
Aftermath
First aid can be very demanding to a first aider both
physically and emotionally. When done first aiding, look for
someone to talk to, possibly a close family member or friend
to share your experience with.
Primary Survey
 Danger
 Response
 Help
 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
Danger
Remove any dangerous objects before approaching the
casualty. *Approach the casualty from the feet in case they
might have a neck or spine injury.
Help
Look for a bystander and ask them to call the toll-free
numbers: 994 or 112.
Airway
Slightly tilt the chin up to open the airway and allow for easy
breathing
Breathing
Look, Listen and Feel method. Look for the rise and fall of
the chest. Listen by putting your ear by the mouth and nose
for the sound of inhaling exhaling. Feel by placing the palm
of your hand over the mouth of the casualty and feel for
cold/warm breath.
Circulation
Pinch the thumb of the casualty and look for the fill of the
red colour to determine if there is adequate circulation.
Once the Primary Survey has taken place. Position the
casualty into recovery position.
Recovery Position
1. Place the casualty’s hand furthest from you in a stop
sign.
2. Lift the leg furthest from you until it is bent in a
triangular form.
3. Interlock your hand with the hand in a stop sign and
move it to the opposite ear.
4. Place your vacant hand underneath the knee joint and
gently move the casualty until they are lying on their
side with the bent leg on top.
5. Adjust the leg so that it is at a 90-degree angle.
6. Tilt the chin of the casualty slightly to open the airway.
7. Place a blanket on top of the casualty for shock.
Secondary Survey
After primary survey has been completed, the secondary
survey takes place but only under the conditions that:
1. Medical help is delayed
2. Casualty needs to be transported
3. The casualty has more than one injury.
The steps for secondary survey:
1. SAMPLE
 Signs and symptoms
 Allergies
 Medication
 Past medical history
 Last meal
 Events leading up to incident
2. Vital signs of Casualty
 Level of consciousness
 Breathing
 Pulse
 Skin condition and temperature
3. Head to Toe Survey – this is a systematic way to check
if the casualty has any injuries. Pat the part of the body
and check for blood after each body party by looking at
your glove-covered hands. The body parts will be
checked in the following order:
 Head and neck
 Face
 Eyes
 Nose
 Mouth
 Ears
 Neck
 Chest
 Shoulders
 Arms and hands
 Spine
 Abdomen
 Hips and pelvis
 Legs and feet