AIR POLLUTION
CAUSED BY DUST AND
SMOKE
Let’s begin!
-Presented by Noor Fatima.
CONTENTS OF TABLE
Investigating into worsening air quality of polluted cities such as Rawalpindi, Lahore, Multan, and less
polluted cities such as Islamabad, Kashmir and Swat.
INTRODUCTION TO AIR
POLLUTION
Brief intoduction to air pollution.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Major causes of air pollution in Pakistan’s polluted air cities.
DATA COLLECTION
METHODOLOGY
Method of data collection and review of data collected.
RESULTS
Survey results and stats.
SOLUTIONs
Steps to counter rising air pollution.
CONCLUSIONS
All summed up!
TOPIC CONTENTS
01
INTRODUCTION
02
SURVEYS
What is air pollution and
what causes it?
How many people are
effected in Pakistan.
03
SOLUTION
04
CONCLUSION
Special measures taken to
improve air quality.
All in one, perfectly
summarized.
01
CLEAN AIR FOR
BREATHING
…and a happy healthy life.
AIR,
There’s something in it.
INTRODUCTION
●
●
●
●
Air is essential for life, we breathe in it.
Air pollution is release of pollutants into the
atmosphere.
Pollutants are substances that add to
environment and harm organisms.
Nine out of ten human beings currently breathe air
that exceeds the WHO’s guideline limits for
pollutants.
SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS
EMISSION
Smoke from vehicles,
industries, soot from
household chimneys.
COMBUSTION
Burning of fossil fuels and
forest fires realeases CO2.
CONSTRUCTION
Road, buildings and fly overs are
source of debris and dust that
add into air.
IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION
DISEASES
Spread of skin, eyes,
lungs and heart diseases.
BODY
Irritate organs and skin,
specially in children and
make them less immune.
DEATH RATE
Death of premature
babies due to respiratory
issues.
AIR QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENT
PLANTS
WATER
Recycle air, take in
carbondioxide release
oxygen.
Water bodies may get
polluted due to
contaminated rainfall.
RAIN
ANIMALS
Clean air, suspended
particles dissolve into
waterdroplets.
Brth defects, diseases
and lower reproductive
rates.
AQUATIC LIFE
LIFE
Polluted run off water
from rain effects aquatic
life.
Every living organism
needs air.
FACTS
What are the drastic effects of bad air quality?
7 million premature deaths annually according to WHO.
Mercury attacks the central nervous system. In large
amounts, lead can damage children’s brains and kidneys, and
ability to learn.
Global warming due to greenhouse gases ultimately causes
climate change.
CREDITS:
template
was created
bythan
Slidesgo,
including
In one This
yearpresentation
a mature tree
will absorb
more
48 pounds
icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen
in exchange.
CAUSES OF AIR
POLLUTION
SOURCES AND ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTING TO AIR
POLLUTION
PRESENTED BY “SARA MUKHTAR”
CONTENT
Industrial
activities
Forest fire
Transportation
Burning of
fossil fuel
Domestic
Activities
Construction
And demolition
Agricultural Practices
EXPLANATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: Pesticides and fertilizers used in farming
can contribute to air pollution.
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES: Industries like manufacturing , mining and
construction emit pollutants such as carbon monoxides, nitrogen oxides,
Sulphur dioxide and particulate matter into the air.
TRANSPORTATION: Vehicle like cars ,buses , trucks and pollutants such
as carbon monoxide , nitrogen oxides , and particulate matter into the air.
BURNING OF FOSSIL FUEL: The burning of fossil fuel such as coal , oil
and gas for electricity and heating releases pollutants.
FOREST FIRES: Natural events like forest fires can release large amount
of particulate matter and harmful gases into the air.
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION: Construction activities like evacuation
and demolition release dust and particulate matter into air.
DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES: Activities like cooking , burning of candles or
incense, and smoking can also contribute to indoor and outdoor air
pollution.
A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
EFFECTS
BREATH IN , HARMFUL OUT :UNVEILING THE DAMAGING EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION
GLOBAL
WARMING
HEALTH
ISSUES
HAZARDS
TO
WILDLIFE
OZONE
DEPLETION
ACID RAIN
EXPLANATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
HEALTH ISSUES: Air pollution posses significant health risks, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases,
reduced lung function, developmental issues in children and increased mortality rates.
DIRTY AIR IS DETRIMENTAL TO CHILDHOOD: Dirty air is detrimental to childhood leading to increased
respiratory illness , impaired lung development and long term health implication.
GLOBAL WARMING: AIR pollution contributes to global warming by releasing green house gases, particularly
carbon dioxide, which trap heat in atmosphere, leading to climate change , altered weather patterns and ecological
disruption
ACID RAIN: Air pollution causes acid rain when pollutants like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with
atmospheric moisture, forming acidic compounds that fall to the ground, damaging ecosystem, water bodies and
infrastructure.
OZONE DEPLETION : Air pollution contributes to ozone depletion as certain pollutants , such as
chlorofluorocarbons break down to ozone molecule in earth atmosphere.
HAZARDS TO WILDLIFE :Air pollution poses hazards to wild life by contaminating their habitat, impairing their
respiratory system , disrupting ecosystem , and leading to population decline and biodiversity loss.
CONSEQUENCES
Air pollution is greatest environmental threat to
public health globally and account for an estimated 7
million premature death every year. If air pollution is
not effectively controlled the consequences would be
dire .The environment would suffer from further
degradation. Climate change would be intensify,
resulting in more frequent and severe extreme
weather events, rising sea level, and disruption of
agriculture system. The economic impact would be
significant , with healthcare expenses, productivity
losses, and damage to infrastructure burdening
economies. Ecosystem would become imbalanced ,
potentially causing irreversible damage and species
extinction.
02
Rationale and
Methodology.
-Presented by Remal Wasim.
RATIONALE:
After examining the disturbing statistics of Air Pollution in our country and
experiencing the adverse effects on our daily lives and health, it was imperative
that we, as a research group focused on this topic and tried to shed some light
on the deteriorating Air Quality in Pakistan. Undoubtedly, many researches have
already been conducted on this issue but
We exclusively focused
on the educated youth of
the country.
We took samples from major industrial hubs of
Pakistan along with major scenic hill stations which
resulted in a unique comparative study of various
cities.
METHODOLOGY
CONTENTS
1
Problem Statement
2
Sample
3
Hypothesis
4
Instrument
5
Procedure
METHODOLOGY
PROBLEM STATEMENT
SAMPLE
HYPOTHESIS
INSTRUMENT
To study the effects of and perception about Air Pollution
in six cities of Pakistan.
30 citizens of various cities. 90% of the participants were
educated people ranging from 15 to 30 years of age
“Air Pollution exists in major cities of Pakistan and
adversely effects the citizens.”
“Air Pollution Survey” by “Clean Air Initiative for Asian
Cities”
Exploring the phenomenon of Air Pollution in Pakistan and
PROCEDURE
its physiological and emotional implications on citizens
living in the cities.
CITIES AND POLLUTION
Twin Cities
Lahore
Kashmir
Multan
Sawat
Findings
●The findings have been compiled based on exploratory analysis of the experiences of 30
educated citizens typically ranging from 15 to 30 years of age.
●Primarily, consent was taken from all participants and after which each participant personally
filled in their response. The process took several days as the task was divided on each
researcher and spread across various cities.
•
•
•
Following the attainment of data, it was compiled into statistical graphs.
Furthermore, percentages were calculated regarding the findings of each
questionnaire item of each participant. Then, the data was compiled in a way that
enumerated how many participants experienced air pollution, in which city and in
which intensity.
Afterwards, the data was analysed. Following analysis, the results were compiled
based on which the conclusions were drawn. Lastly, this research was concluded.
PARTICIPITANT’S STAT
??%
85%
100%
TOTAL
AGE RANGE
EDUCATED
30 Participitants.
30-15 years old. 85%
adults
Few working with jobs.
Results
Stats and graphs, too much fun!
-Presented by Laiba Rasheed
A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
Cities of research
Lahore
Twin cities
Most polluted city of
Pakistan.
Mainly rawalpindi, islamabad
is less polluted.
Multan
Swat
Kashmir
Polluted.
Least polluted.
Relatively less polluted.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
8
7
6
5
Series 1
Series 2
Series 3
4
3
2
1
0
lahore
rawalpindi
multan
kashmir,sawat
LAHORE
●
●
●
Overall air quality as compared to last year: much
worse than the last year.
Causes: 77 percent of the people think
industrialization as the main cause of air
pollution
Breathing issues: 93 percent of the people
suffering from breathing issues. People at risk of
asthma or living with asthma may suffer from
more attacks. Smog in Lahore increases the risk
of wheezing and coughing.
Diseases in Lahore
1
2
3
4
Skin
Breathing
Asthma
Wheezing
66% of population
is suffering.
93% of the people
suffering
Risk of asthma,
asthma patients
may suffer from
more attacks.
increased the risk
of wheezing and
coughing due to
smog.
RAWALPINDI
•
•
•
Overall air quality as compared to last
year: worse than the last year.
Cause: 40% people think of
industrialization as the main cause.
Breathing and skin issues: 45% have
skin and breathing problems.
MULTAN
•
•
Overall air quality as compared to last
year: Little worse than the last year
Breathing issues: 56% people suffer
from breathing issues and thorat
irritation
KASHMIR AND
SWAT
•
•
•
Overall air quality as compared to last year: Much
better than the last year.
Breathing issues: 30% people suffering from
shortness of breath, throat irritation.
Skin issues: 10% have skin issues.
Conclusions
LAHORE HAS THE HIGHEST
RATIO OF AIR POLLUTION.
• The air quality of Lahore
was hazardous
• Lahore once again ranked as the
most polluted city in the world .
03
Let’s move onto solutions!
SOLUTIONS TO AIR POLLUTION
WHAT WE CAN DO
-Presented by Qurat-ul-Ain
Some best ways to reduce Air pollution
1. Using Public Transport
Using public transport is a short way of contributing to less air pollution
as it provides with less gas and energy . Using public transport will
help in:
• Reducing the overall emission.
• Number of vehicles reduced on the roads.
• Lesser traffic congestion episodes.
• It is pocket friendly alternative
2. RECYCLE AND REUSE
The concept of recycle and reuse is not just conserve
resources but also helpful for air pollution as it helps in
reducing pollution emissions. The recycled products also
take less power to make other products.
TRASH
RECYCABLES
3.
REDUCTION TO FOREST FIRE
AND SMOKING
The collecting of garbage and setting it on fire
in dry seasons or dry leaves catching fires is a
huge factor for causing air pollution.
Moreover smoking also causes air pollution and
causes the air quality to worsen along with
obviously damaging one’s health.
4. USE FILTERS FOR CHIMNEYS
●
●
The gas that is emitted from fireplaces in
homes and factories are extremely
dangerous for air pollution and harms the
air quality severely.
The use of filters should be implemented
at least if the consumption couldn’t be
lessened, this will help to reduce the
effect of harmful gases absorbing in the
air.
5. IMPLEMENT
AFFORESTATION
Go green there is no planet B
Grow as many trees as possible. The practice of planting
trees provides a lot of benefits to the environment and
helps with the release of oxygen.
6. RENEWABLE FUEL AND CLEAN ENERGY
PRODUCTION
●
The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil
fuel, and replacing them with alternative energies like solar, wind and
geothermal.
7. ENERGY CONSERVATION
●
A large number of fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity.
Therefore, do not forget to switch off the electrical appliances when not
in use. Thus, you can save the environment at the individual level.
04.
Conclusion
Presenter: Shahab Uddin
Main Causes Of Air Pollution
Domestic Activities
Construction & Demolition
Transportation
10%
30%
50%
70%
Industrial Activities
Effects Of Air Pollution
Acid Rain
Diseases
Hazardous
To Life
Ozone
Depletion
Global Warming
Air pollution infographics
Kashmir
&Swat
Low
Highest
Multan
Medium
high
Lahore
Twin Cities
Graphical Representation of Air pollution According To Survey
Diseases Caused by Air Pollution in Surveyed
Cities
75%
50%
30%
Skin
Asthma
Wheezing
Most common
Problems
1
Lahore is considered as on
of the hazardous city in the
world .
2
3
Air pollution Statistics of overall Survey
Symptoms
Women
Men
Tiredness
50%
60%
Headache
100%
80%
Coughing
80%
60%
Difficulty
breathing
30%
40%
Mucous
10%
15%
Irritation
70%
50%
Solutions To Air pollution
1
Use of public
Transport
2
3
Energy
Conservation
Recycling
Afforestation
4
5
Reduce Smoking
Thank you
For
Listening