Trends In Indian Engineering Institutes and Relation with
Development Thought
Utkarsh Singhvi
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. Pilani
Campus
ID No: 2020ABPS1848P
HS F266: Study Project
Dr. Sailaja Nandigama
May 18, 2023
Introduction
Education is essential because it serves as the foundation for
individual and societal growth and development. It equips
people with the knowledge, skills, and tools they need to
navigate the world and make educated decisions. Education
provides individuals with opportunity to better their economic
and social position, and it is essential for personal
empowerment, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
India is drawn to engineering because the country places a
high importance on science and technology. India has a long
history of contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and
engineering, and it is now one of the world's leading
producers of engineering graduates. Engineering is viewed as
a path to success and economic security, and many students in
India seek to work in the field because of the chances it offers.
Furthermore, the technology industry has been a major driver
of India's rapid economic expansion in recent decades, and
engineering plays an important part in this area. Numerous
global corporations have set up R&D centres in India, and the
country has a strong startup ecosystem that is mainly focused
on technology. As a result, there is a significant demand for
engineers in India, which strengthens the country's preference
for engineering.
The Indian engineering institute system is one of the largest in
the world, with over 3,500 engineering colleges and an
enrolment of over 2 million students. The institutes offer a
wide range of disciplines including mechanical, electrical,
civil, computer science, and electronics engineering. This
large pool of engineers provides a strong foundation for the
country's economic development, particularly in industries
such as manufacturing, construction, and information
technology.
However, the Indian engineering institute system also faces a
number of challenges. Despite the large number of institutes
and students, the quality of engineering education in India has
been called into question, with concerns about inadequate
facilities, insufficient funding, and a lack of qualified faculty.
Additionally, the large number of engineering graduates in
India often struggles to find employment, with a significant
number of them ending up unemployed or underemployed.
To address these challenges, the Indian government has
launched a number of initiatives aimed at improving the
quality of engineering education and increasing the
employability of graduates. These include increasing funding
for institutes, implementing accreditation and ranking
systems, and providing support for research and innovation.
Overall, engineering education is an essential component of a
country's development, and the Indian engineering institute
system plays a significant role in supporting India's economic
growth. However, it also highlights the importance of
ensuring that the engineering education system is of high
quality, and that graduates have the skills and knowledge they
need to succeed in the workforce
History
The history of engineering education in India can be traced
back to the late 19th century, when the British colonial
government established a number of technical institutes to
provide training for the Indian workforce. These early
institutes, such as the Thomason College of Civil Engineering
in Roorkee (1847) and the Bengal Engineering College in
Howrah (1856), were primarily focused on providing training
for the Indian Public Works Department and the Indian
Railways.
In the early 20th century, the Indian government began to take
a greater interest in engineering education, with the
establishment of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in
1951, being one of the most significant milestones. The IITs
were modelled after the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) and were intended to provide world-class
engineering education to Indian students. The first IIT was
established in Kharagpur, West Bengal and then followed by
IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, IIT Kanpur, and IIT Delhi.
In the decades that followed, engineering education in India
experienced significant growth and expansion. The number of
engineering colleges increased dramatically, driven by rising
demand for engineers in the country's growing economy.
However, this growth also led to concerns about the quality of
engineering education, as many of the new institutes were
criticized for having inadequate facilities, insufficient funding,
and a lack of qualified faculty.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the Indian government began to take
steps to address these concerns, with the introduction of
accreditation and ranking systems for engineering colleges,
and the establishment of new institutions such as the Indian
Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) and the National
Institutes of Technology (NITs) to increase the quality of
engineering education. Additionally, the government also
began to focus on increasing the employability of engineering
graduates by promoting industry-academia collaborations and
encouraging research and innovation.
In recent years, the Indian government has continued to invest
in engineering education, with the aim of making India a
global leader in the field. The government has announced
plans to set up new IITs and expand existing ones, as well as
introducing new programs such as the National Technical
Talent Search Scheme and the National Mission on Education
through ICT to improve the quality of engineering education
in the country.
Engineering education is experiencing a paradigm shift from
teacher-centric to student-centric teaching- learning process,
content based education to outcome based education,
knowledge seeking to knowledge sharing classrooms, teachers
to facilitators, traditional engineering disciplines to
interdisciplinary courses, chalk and board (lecture based)
learning to technology driven learning and the list goes on.
But in India, still conventional teaching – learning practices
with little practical training is adopted in many institutions.
This is shown by the fact the Indian institutions still struggle
to make a position in world ranking with few exceptions.[1]
Overall, the history of engineering education in India has been
marked by significant growth and expansion, driven by rising
demand for engineers in the country's growing economy.
However, it has also been marked by concerns about the
quality of engineering education and the employability of
graduates. Despite these challenges, the government has taken
steps to improve the quality of engineering education, and
continues to invest in the field with the aim of making India a
global leader in engineering education.
Current State
The Indian engineering institute system is one of the largest in
the world, with over 3,500 engineering colleges and an
enrollment of over 2 million students. The institutes offer a
wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, electrical,
civil, computer science, and electronics engineering.
However, a significant number of engineering graduates
struggle to find employment, with the unemployment rate in
the engineering sector being higher than the national average.
Enrolment numbers in engineering institutes have been
consistently high over the past decade, with a steady increase
in the number of students enrolling in engineering programs.
However, there has been a decline in the number of students
enrolling in engineering programs in recent years, due to a
decrease in the number of engineering seats offered by
colleges and universities, and an increase in the number of
students opting for other fields such as management, law and
medicine.
Graduation rates in the engineering sector have also been a
concern in India. A significant number of students fail to
complete their engineering program, with dropout rates being
high due to various reasons such as lack of interest, poor
academic performance, and financial constraints.
Additionally, many students who do graduate from
engineering programs struggle to find employment, with a
significant number of them ending up unemployed or
underemployed. In 2023, employability among Indian
engineering graduates was only about 57 percent.
Areas of specialization in Indian engineering institutes are
diverse, however, over the years computer science and
information technology have become the most popular
choices among students. The increasing demand for
technology and the growth of the IT industry in India have
made computer science and IT-related courses the most
sought-after. Other popular areas of specialization include
mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering, as well as
electronics and communications engineering.
In conclusion, the Indian engineering institute system is one
of the largest in the world, with a wide range of disciplines
and a high enrolment rate. However, the quality of
engineering education in India has been called into question,
with concerns about inadequate facilities, insufficient funding,
and a lack of qualified faculty. Additionally, the high
unemployment rate among engineering graduates is a major
concern. The Indian government and the institutes themselves
are taking steps to address these issues and improve the
quality of engineering education in the country.
Challenges
The Indian engineering institute system faces a number of
challenges, including issues related to infrastructure, faculty,
and curriculum.
One of the biggest challenges facing the Indian engineering
institute system is inadequate infrastructure. Many
engineering institutes in India lack the necessary facilities and
equipment to provide students with a high-quality education.
This includes insufficient laboratory equipment and facilities,
a shortage of classrooms and lecture halls, and inadequate
housing and other support services for students. This lack of
infrastructure can make it difficult for students to gain the
hands-on experience and practical skills they need to be
successful in the workforce.
Another major challenge facing the Indian engineering
institute system is the shortage of qualified faculty. Many
engineering institutes in India have a shortage of highly
qualified and experienced faculty members, which can make
it difficult for students to receive a high-quality education.
This shortage is caused by a combination of factors, including
low pay and poor working conditions for faculty members, as
well as a lack of incentives for highly qualified individuals to
pursue careers in academia. Some advocates feel that it is
important to focus on performance, and that current teachers
who are less than fully effective in the classroom are not
provided the support and training they need to succeed and
want to see federal funding for professional development (PD)
specifically designed for STEM teachers maintained and
expanded.[3]
The curriculum and the teaching methods used in engineering
institutes in India is also a challenge. The curriculum is often
outdated and does not reflect the latest developments in the
field. This can make it difficult for students to gain the
knowledge and skills they need to be successful in the
workforce, particularly in industries that are rapidly changing
and adopting new technologies. Additionally, the teaching
methods used in many institutes are also outdated, with a
heavy emphasis on rote learning and memorization, which can
make it difficult for students to develop critical thinking and
problem-solving skills.
In addition to these challenges, there is also the issue of a high
number of engineering graduates being unemployed or
underemployed. This is often due to a mismatch between the
skills and knowledge gained in engineering programs and the
needs of industry. Many engineering graduates lack the
practical skills and experience needed to succeed in the
workforce, and are often not equipped to meet the demands of
the industry.
To address these challenges, the Indian government, and the
institutes themselves are taking steps to improve the quality of
engineering education in the country. These include
increasing funding for institutes, implementing accreditation
and ranking systems, providing support for research and
innovation, and encouraging industry-academia
collaborations. Additionally, many institutes are also working
to update their curriculum, teaching methods, and
encouraging students to gain practical skills and experience
through internships and other experiential learning
opportunities.
Policies
The Indian government has implemented a number of policies
and initiatives aimed at improving the engineering institute
system. Some of the most notable include:
Funding: The government provides funding to engineering
institutes through various programs and initiatives, such as the
Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP)
and the World Bank-assisted Technical Education Quality
Improvement Project (TEQIP). These programs aim to
improve the quality of engineering education by providing
funding for infrastructure development, faculty development,
and other initiatives.
Accreditation: The government has implemented accreditation
and ranking systems for engineering colleges, such as the
National Board of Accreditation (NBA) and the National
Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), to ensure
that engineering institutes meet certain standards of quality.
These accreditation systems evaluate institutes based on
factors such as infrastructure, faculty, curriculum, and student
outcomes, and provide a way for students and employers to
identify high-quality institutes.
Research and Development Programs: The government has
implemented a number of research and development programs
to support innovation and the advancement of technology in
the engineering sector. These programs include the National
Mission on Education through ICT, which aims to improve
the quality of engineering education through the use of
technology, and the Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired
Research (INSPIRE), which provides funding for research and
innovation in science and engineering.
Industry-Academia Collaboration: The government has
encouraged industry-academia collaborations to improve the
employability of engineering graduates and to align the
curriculum with the needs of the industry. This includes
initiatives such as the Technical Education Quality
Improvement Program (TEQIP) which support industryacademia partnerships, and the establishment of research
parks and incubation centres to promote innovation and
entrepreneurship among engineering students.
Skill Development Programs: The government has also
introduced skill development programs to improve the
employability of engineering graduates. These programs
include the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)
and the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY),
which provide training and certification in various skill-sets to
make the engineering graduates more employable.
These policies and initiatives are aimed at improving the
quality of engineering education in India and addressing the
challenges facing the engineering institute system. However,
the effectiveness of these policies and initiatives is still a topic
of debate and the government continues to monitor and make
changes as needed to improve the engineering education
system.
Industry Patronships
Industry partnerships play a crucial role in the development of
the Indian engineering institute system, by providing students
with the opportunity to gain practical skills and experience, as
well as helping to align the curriculum with the needs of the
industry.
One of the main benefits of industry partnerships is that they
provide students with hands-on experience and training in
real-world settings. This can help students to develop the
skills and knowledge they need to be successful in the
workforce, and can also help to increase their employability.
For example, many engineering institutes have partnered with
companies to provide students with internships and co-op
opportunities, where they can gain experience in a variety of
engineering disciplines.
Industry partnerships can also help to align the curriculum
with the needs of the industry. By working closely with
industry partners, engineering institutes can gain a better
understanding of the skills and knowledge that are in demand
in the workforce, and can use this information to update their
curriculum and teaching methods. This can help to ensure that
students are graduating with the skills and knowledge that are
needed to be successful in the workforce.
Government, policy makers, educationist, etc., have realized
that of there is an alarming situation and truth of consistently
increasing unstoppable number of unskilled and unemployed
youth generations due to the existing pattern of education, and
hence, planned efforts are essentially required to make the
existing education more meaningful for skill development to
make the educated youth self-employed by improving their
employability. [4]
Another important benefit of industry partnerships is that they
can provide funding for research and development. Many
companies partner with engineering institutes to support
research projects and initiatives, which can help to advance
the state of the art in engineering and drive innovation.
There are a number of examples of successful partnerships
between industry and engineering institutes in India. One
example is the partnership between the Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Bombay and Tata Consultancy Services
(TCS), which has resulted in the establishment of the TCS-IIT
Bombay Research and Development Center. The center
conducts research in areas such as big data, artificial
intelligence, and the Internet of Things, and provides students
with the opportunity to work on cutting-edge research
projects.
Another example is the partnership between the Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi and the National
Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), which has resulted in the
establishment of the NAL-IIT Delhi Center for Aerospace
Research. The center conducts research in areas such as
aerodynamics, propulsion, and structures, and provides
students with the opportunity to work on projects related to
the design, development, and testing of aircraft.
Overall, industry partnerships are an important aspect of the
development of the Indian engineering institute system. They
provide students with the opportunity to gain practical skills
and experience, align the curriculum with the needs of the
industry and provide funding for research and development.
These partnerships are mutually beneficial for both the
institutes and the industry, and have the potential to drive
innovation and improve the employability of engineering
graduates.
Impact on Development
The Indian engineering institute system plays a crucial role in
the country's economic and social development by providing
the workforce with the necessary skills and knowledge to
drive technological and economic advancement. Engineers
trained in the Indian engineering institute system are
responsible for designing, building, and maintaining the
infrastructure and systems that support the country's economy,
such as roads, bridges, power plants, and communication
networks. They also play a key role in developing new
technologies and products that can drive economic growth and
improve the quality of life.
In terms of infrastructure, engineers trained in the Indian
engineering institute system have been instrumental in the
development of the country's transportation systems, power
generation, and distribution, water supply, and sewage
systems. They have also been involved in the construction of
large-scale infrastructure projects such as dams, airports, and
ports, which have played a vital role in the country's economic
development.
In the manufacturing sector, engineers trained in the Indian
engineering institute system have been involved in the design,
development, and production of a wide range of products,
from consumer goods to heavy machinery. They have also
been involved in the automation and optimization of
manufacturing processes, which has improved productivity
and competitiveness.
The technology sector in India is one of the fastest-growing in
the world, and engineers trained in the Indian engineering
institute system have played a key role in this growth. They
have been involved in the development of software and
hardware, as well as the implementation of new technologies
such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the
Internet of Things. Engineers trained in the Indian engineering
institute system have also been involved in the development
of digital products and services, which have played a vital role
in the country's economic development.
In addition to their economic contributions, engineers trained
in the Indian engineering institute system also play an
important role in addressing social issues. Engineers have
been involved in the design and implementation of projects
aimed at improving access to clean water, sanitation, and
electricity in underprivileged communities. They have also
been involved in the design of sustainable infrastructure and
transportation systems that can improve the quality of life in
urban areas.
Overall, the Indian engineering institute system has played a
vital role in the country's economic and social development by
providing the workforce
Technology-driven Innovation
Engineering is a field that is constantly evolving, and one of
the key trends in this field is a focus on technology-driven
innovation. This development is motivated by the realization
that advancements in technology have a significant role in
economic growth and development, and that engineering
plays a crucial part in the creation of novel, cutting-edge
technologies.
The topic of automation and robotics is one of the key areas in
engineering where technology-driven innovation is occurring.
Engineers are creating new robots and machines that are
capable of performing activities that were previously
impossible or difficult for people to complete thanks to the
development of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence
technology. This is currently being used in a variety of
applications, from automated warehouses to surgical robots,
and has the potential to change sectors like manufacturing,
healthcare, and transportation.
Technology-driven innovation is also occurring in a number
of other domains, such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and
materials science, in addition to these. Engineers are working
to create new technologies in each of these areas that can spur
economic growth, enhance quality of life, and solve urgent
social and environmental issues.
Emergence of Interdisciplinary Programs
The development of multidisciplinary programs in
engineering is a harbinger of a change toward a problemsolving and innovation strategy that is more integrated and
comprehensive. Historically, the many branches of
engineering have been largely compartmentalized, with
separate fields concentrating on particular subject matter, such
as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil
engineering, and so on. However, the growing complexity of
problems in the real world has resulted in the realization that
these problems frequently call for the application of a
perspective that draws from multiple disciplines as well as
collaboration among experts from a variety of fields.
Interdisciplinary engineering programs combine the
knowledge and experience of engineers from a variety of
subfields in order to handle difficult challenges that cannot be
successfully addressed by a single engineering subfield alone.
These programs stimulate collaboration between scientists,
engineers, and other professionals from a variety of fields,
including computer science, biology, environmental science,
materials science, social sciences, and business.
The value of interdisciplinary programs in the field of
engineering cannot be overstated. They encourage the
exchange of ideas and methods from individuals with a
variety of backgrounds, which in turn fosters creativity and
innovation. They encourage a more in-depth comprehension
of intricate systems and make it possible to come up with
original solutions that take into account a number of different
aspects of an issue at the same time. Interdisciplinary
programs also improve students' abilities to address
developing problems that call for a combination of
technological, social, ethical, and environmental issues. These
problems have become increasingly complex in recent years.
In addition, interdisciplinary engineering programs teach
students how to collaborate effectively with members of other
disciplines, which is an essential skill for success in the real
world. This assists in the development of abilities in
communication, teamwork, and adaptability, all of which are
talents that are becoming increasingly appreciated by
employers.
The fields of sustainable engineering, biomedical engineering,
robotics and artificial intelligence, environmental engineering,
and renewable energy engineering are all examples of
multidisciplinary engineering degrees. These programs
combine the knowledge and practices of a variety of sectors in
order to generate solutions that are not only technologically
superior but also environmentally friendly and socially
responsible.
In general, the development of interdisciplinary programs in
engineering is a reflection of the understanding of the need for
a more comprehensive and cohesive strategy to problemsolving. These programs encourage collaboration, innovation,
and the development of solutions that are capable of
addressing difficult challenges in a world that is rapidly
changing by dismantling the old disciplinary boundaries that
have traditionally existed.
Engineering and Healthcare
The convergence of engineering and healthcare has resulted in
the development of some of the most game-changing and
potentially life-saving innovations that our generation has
ever seen. The manner in which we diagnose, treat, and
manage diseases and accidents has been fundamentally altered
as a result of technological advancements in engineering.
These advancements range from artificial organs and medical
imaging equipment to prosthetic limbs and robotic-assisted
surgery.
In the past few decades, developments in biomedical
engineering have made it possible for very sophisticated
medical technology and equipment to be created, which have
had a dramatic impact on the delivery of medical treatment.
Biomedical engineering is an umbrella term for a number of
subfields, the most notable of which are biomechanics,
bioinstrumentation, biomaterials, and medical imaging.
Biomedical engineers work at the crossroads of engineering,
medicine, and biology to discover answers for problems that
arise in the healthcare industry by applying the fundamentals
of engineering.
The creation of various medical imaging systems is one of the
most important contributions that engineering has made to the
field of healthcare. The capacity to view into the human body
using imaging techniques that do not involve the use of
intrusive procedures, such as X-rays, MRI scans, and
ultrasound, has completely changed the way that diseases are
diagnosed and treated. Engineers have been instrumental in
the development of these technologies, having designed and
developed complex imaging equipment and software that is
able to generate images that are exact and detailed of the
human body.
The creation of prosthetic devices is yet another area in which
engineering has had a substantial impact on the medical field.
Prosthetic limbs have been invented and developed by
engineers that are capable of mimicking the movement and
function of natural limbs. This has allowed amputees to regain
their mobility and independence. Recent developments in
prosthetic technology have made it feasible for amputees to
control their prosthetic limbs with their thoughts, thanks to the
development of brain-computer interfaces. This ability was
made possible by recent improvements in prosthetic
technology.
Aside from medical apparatus and imaging technologies,
engineering has also led to the development of artificial
organs and tissues. These can be used in place of natural ones.
Engineers have created methods that can generate functional
tissues and organs using 3D printing and other manufacturing
processes. These technologies can be used to create artificial
organs. These technological breakthroughs have the potential
to bring about a revolution in the field of regenerative
medicine by making it possible to create new organs and
tissues that are tailored to meet the specific requirements of
each individual patient.
There have been many opportunities and benefits given to the
healthcare industry by engineering; nevertheless, there are
also many issues that need to be addressed. The task of
ensuring that medical technologies and gadgets are both safe
and beneficial for patients is one of the most difficult
problems to solve. This necessitates extensive testing as well
as validation to guarantee that the products and technology in
question are of the highest possible quality and are risk-free.
Another problem is making sure these technologies are not
only available but also within everyone's price range who
could benefit from them. Access to healthcare is restricted in
many regions of the world, and the price of medical
equipment and technology may be excessively expensive in
some of these regions. Engineers need to collaborate on the
development of solutions that are both affordable and scalable
in order to ensure that patients all around the world may reap
the benefits of these breakthroughs.
Engineering has made important contributions to the
healthcare industry, revolutionizing the method in which
diseases are diagnosed, treated, and managed. The field of
biomedical engineering has made it possible to build medical
technologies, imaging systems, and artificial organs, all of
which have contributed to the saving of countless lives and
the improvement of the quality of life for millions of people
all over the world. Even if there are problems that need to be
solved, there are enormous opportunities for engineering and
healthcare professionals to collaborate on finding solutions to
some of the most important healthcare problems in the world.
Renewable Energy
The use of renewable energy sources is an essential
component of sustainable development, and engineering plays
an essential part in the research, development, and
implementation of systems that utilize renewable energy
sources. We will investigate how engineering, alternative
forms of energy, and the growth of societies all intersect with
one another.
Renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and
hydropower have the potential to revolutionize the way in
which we produce and consume energy, as well as to
contribute to the achievement of sustainable development
goals such as lowering emissions of greenhouse gases,
increasing access to energy, and fostering economic growth.
The development of technologies that use renewable energy
sources is heavily reliant on engineering's contributions.
Engineers are responsible for the conception, construction,
and operation of renewable energy systems such as
photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric plants.
Additionally, they are developing methods for energy storage
and integrating renewable energy sources into the grid.
Engineers are essential to the process of bringing down the
price of renewable energy sources, in addition to their work in
the development of new technologies. Engineers are aiming to
minimize the cost of renewable energy systems and make
them more accessible to people all over the world by
developing improvements in the science of materials,
manufacturing processes, and the design of systems.
The research, development, and implementation of
technologies that utilize renewable energy sources can also
contribute to the growth of the social and economic sectors.
Renewable energy has the potential to enhance health
outcomes, create new opportunities, and support economic
growth in both rural and urban areas. This is because it
increases access to clean energy. Renewable energy
technologies are helping to give electricity access to rural and
underserved communities in many developing countries.
These communities are often located in distant areas.
The development of India's renewable energy sector, which is
critical for long-term economic expansion, has also benefited
from engineering's contributions. The Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy has established a goal to increase the
capacity of renewable energy sources to 175 GW by the year
2022. This goal includes a total of 60 gigawatts (GW) of wind
power, 100 gigawatts (GW) of solar power, 10 gigawatts
(GW) of bioenergy, and 5 gigawatts (GW) of small
hydropower. According to the Ministry of Commerce and
Industry, the amount of foreign direct investment in the
renewable energy industry reached $6.84 billion in the fiscal
year 2019-20. This indicates that the sector has received a
considerable amount of investment.
However, there are a number of obstacles that must first be
overcome before renewable energy technology can become
widely used. Because of the intermittent nature of renewable
energy sources like solar and wind, it can be difficult to
integrate renewable energy into the grid and maintain a
consistent supply of energy. This is one of the most
significant issues that must be overcome. Engineers are
currently working on developing technologies for the storage
of energy as well as smart grid systems in order to overcome
these difficulties.
In conclusion, sustainable development relies heavily on the
utilization of renewable energy sources, and engineering plays
an essential part in both the former endeavor's research and
the latter's implementation. Engineers can contribute to ensure
that renewable energy plays a vital part in promoting social
and economic development around the world by designing
and developing innovative technologies, cutting costs, and
tackling key obstacles.
Engineering and Economic Growth
Engineering has been an essential contributor to the expansion
of the Indian economy, which ranks among the most rapidly
expanding economies in the world. There is a significant
connection between the two, since engineering has played an
important role in India's economic growth and the two are
closely related.
The impact of this liberalization on the economy and on
science and technology policy was significant. The average
rate of growth for the economy jumped to 6.0 per cent for
1990-2000.[7]
The manufacturing sector is one of the ways in which
engineering has contributed to the expansion of India's
economy. As a result of the many international corporations
setting up manufacturing operations in the country, India has
developed into a center for the manufacturing industry. The
availability of experienced engineers and the relatively low
cost of labor have made this a realistic possibility. During the
fiscal year 2020-21, India's manufacturing industry is
estimated to have increased by 6.9%, as reported by the
Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Another industry that has reaped significant benefits from
engineering's development in India is the building business.
The expansion of the country's economy has been greatly
aided by the construction of many types of physical
infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and buildings. The
National Infrastructure Pipeline reports that India has planned
to invest a total of $1.4 trillion in various infrastructure
projects between the years 2020 and 2025. It is anticipated
that this investment would result in the creation of jobs as
well as the acceleration of economic growth.
The information technology industry exemplifies the
connection between engineering and economic expansion as
well. The quality of India's work in the fields of software
development and information technology services is wellknown. According to the National Association of Software
and Services Companies, the information technology industry
has made a substantial contribution to the expansion of India's
economy. It is projected that exports of IT services will reach
$147 billion in 2019-20.
Conclusion
The Indian engineering institute system is one of the largest in
the world, with over 3,500 engineering colleges and an
enrollment of over 2 million students. The institutes offer a
wide range of disciplines including mechanical, electrical,
civil, computer science, and electronics engineering.
However, the system faces a number of challenges such as
inadequate infrastructure, shortage of qualified faculty,
outdated curriculum and teaching methods, high
unemployment rate among engineering graduates, and lack of
practical skills and experience.
The Indian government has implemented a number of policies
and initiatives to improve the engineering institute system
such as funding programs, accreditation and ranking systems,
research and development programs, industry-academia
collaborations, and skill development programs. However, the
effectiveness of these policies and initiatives is still a topic of
debate and the government continues to monitor and make
changes as needed.
Industry partnerships play a crucial role in the development of
the Indian engineering institute system by providing students
with the opportunity to gain practical skills and experience,
aligning the curriculum with the needs of the industry and
providing funding for research and development. Engineers
trained in the Indian engineering institute system are
responsible for designing, building, and maintaining the
infrastructure and systems that support the country's economy,
such as roads, bridges, power plants, and communication
networks. They also play a key role in developing new
technologies and products that can drive economic growth and
improve the quality of life.
To improve the Indian engineering institute system in the
future, it is recommended that the government should increase
funding for engineering institutes to improve infrastructure
and faculty development. The curriculum and teaching
methods should be updated to reflect the latest developments
in the field and to encourage critical thinking and problemsolving skills. There should be more
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14. https://news.careers360.com/aishe-report-2017-18-ger-close-26-phd-enrolmentjust-05-total-student-enrolment