2. /ui a c yolks/jokes were bad.
3,
g yg
jeers have gone by.
4. She says she saw a yeti/ jetty wben she was on holiday
A yellow jumptr
A bridge in Yorks e
A European judge
A l8fgG UftlYCfSlJ
A young o
A diaged yacht
alist
A w ful journey
e yp$p d.
A strange youth
pr ly pair. 3f'atch be questions on the let w’Hh tht answer on the rIght• Ask and
anon er like this
A: Where would you usually watch television7
B: In the lounge
a. watch television?
at a shoe shop
b. arrange a holiday? •
t a bank
c. buy shoes?
at colleg
d. wash up?
g qgg
at the newsagent’s
e. keep cheese?
f. learn a foreign lan
eg
in the kitchen
g. catch a coach?
at the coach station
h. cash a cheque?
t a travel agent’s
i. buy matches? '
in the lounge
j. keep a car?
the fridge
* Tailt 5: Write the correct phonetic cry ibol representing the sound of the underli ted letters
1. Jan is a younger than Joe
2. Magisi=is use illusons in their hows
3. The zipper on n yi•ans is jammed
4.
e iiiinks Velma is sh y
5. T6e seizure of Caesar was in
o
6. The commi on made a decision
38
Scanned with CamScanner
7. The c1
learned division and addr on
8. Meas_iire the garagn
9. Your profeyion has prestigq
10. That’s an unusual hade of rouge
* Task 6: Please make the
j
rrect phonemic transcriph’on of! <J+!!+
j
(
b. shepherd /
/
c. chef
/
d. Thursday /
/
J
C. Wdtch
g
r
I
*<
8
gif
h. fath8fi
/
39
Scanned with CamScanner
UNIT 14: INTONATION LIST
i. INTONTION IN QUESTIONS
A. Wh - questions.
The voice often falls in queidons beginning with When, Why, Where, What, I4ow, etc.
Listen, and nofice the falling inionofion on these HH • question. Then ask and acer the
How was Hillary
y?
tel†
Where was th
Why did Hillary get to heal†
w
er like?
How wash?
What will happen next
?
Wh - questions about these statements
William went for a walk
there did he go?
William heard something wonderful last week
William went to work at the same time all week
William had lunch at the wine bar
William went away on holiday
William went out through the window
William wants wet weather next week
B. Yes - No questions
The voice usually rises in questions to which the answer u "Yes “or *No"
Linen and practise these questions and answers
Does B wan
garette7
Has B put one?
Does A eats?
, he d
, he
. He ‘s stopped
t. He’s still slim.
s, shys
Now ask and anfwer these questions
Does B like beans on toast7
Does B eat snacks?
Does A eat sweets?
Are frozen raspberries good†
Are potatoes fattening?
Should we eat more fat†
Scanned with CamScanner
C. Alternative questions
The spe ake r mentions two opposite answer. The voice rises on tb9 ftf s t R
<
Listen ro these alternative questions. Notice the intonation. The ask and £f flf gf o f’ IhE
questions
Is B looking for John Y
B mentions a job. I
Young†
or Jenni
a sal
Does B want Youth and CJ
or or a co
uter her?
or the General
Are tllgy in the office of Youth and Co
Union7
ters or General
Is the office of Youth and Computers opt
or nor?
Practise these afterne/iv# questions.
Can he take out two books or ten books†
To renew books, must he write or telephone?
1s he studying Victorian writers or twentieth-century writers?
Is A Tale of Two Cities by Thomas Hardy or Charles Dickens?
D. ag- qnes o
falling:
en the speaker is certain of what he/ she says, he/ she expects the other person to
agree with html her. The voice falls on the question teg.
Listen, end repeat these sentences with question tags. Th
the other person to agree.
r is cerraiti, and expects
$>
sh.
She’s
Say the following sentences, adding a question tag
1. S
oo te b1
blue
2. The brown raincoat is very large
3. It's the oaly one left
4. The yellow raincoat is the right size
5. Brown is fashionable this year.
6. The brown and cream raincoats have all been sold.
E. Tag- questions - Rising
When the speaker is not certain, he/ she is viking for confirmation, the voice rines 9n
the question tag
Scanned with CamScanner
Listen to these senf#nc#s with the rising qwstion ta$s. Div spec r im’t sure. He’s
’
1. He isn’t a film actor, is he†
2. He came to England wben he was sixteen, didD’t he7
3. His film is called Dinner at Ritz, isn t it?
4. The film isn’t an Engli5h tl8m0, is it†
s. H• isn’t a British citizen, is he?
F. Echo questions
The speaker repeats something soid by another person:
in While hef she thinks what to reply, heat her voice rises
A: Have you seen my sports shirts?
B: Your spot?They’re being washed
Have you moved my
B: Your meks? They’re on ae boi›kshelves
A: Have you taken my reading lamp?
B: Your lamp? No. it’s on the desk
Can I borrow some postcards?
B: Pop
? All right. They’re in the drawer, with
Will you iron y tern’ shorts?
B: Your
shorts
b. To query what
used
A: I Cboo@ a GomptltCf
B: A her?
A: Yes, it would be useful, to keep a record of recipes and menus
c Became hd she did not benr or understand or believe wkat war said, hls/ her
A: Low m Lady Lumley have a Collection of wild animals
42
Scanned with CamScanner
The castle belong to lord and Lady Lumley (Who. †)
The Lumley family live in the castle (Where...7 or Who. ?)
We are going inside the castle (Where. †)
The time is quarter to eleven (What. . ?)
B. CORRECTING
1. The voice falls on the correct word, to emphasize it
Listen, and practise correcting incorrect statements. Notice how the voice falls to
emphasize the correct tnformation
The television programme begins at ten to nine
No, the television progranie begins at ten token
It is an Australian programme
No, it s an jean programme
Now corner these statements
The programme is about animals on a fawn (about a family)
The father got married again(the mother)
The son ran away from school(ran away from home)
He ran away last autumn (last summer)
He car:ue home again (his mother imagined)
The programme ends at twenty past seven (at half past seven)
B wants to watch News at Ten (News at Nine
2. Tbe voice fqlls aod rises oa tbo izzcorrect iafozmstion, tben faAs oo tbe correct
ioformctioa, to ezapbasize it
Listen to someone correcting mistakes. Notice how the voice falls and rises on the
incorrect information, then fall5 to emphasize the correct information
8.30, John Day
No, the person at 8.30 isn’t
10.00,
B:
The voloe riies on each item of the tui, until the final one, where ii falb
Listen to • R**••
I’d like cup
t she v
ea, a mixed
Scanned with CamScanner
frock at fire things Johns has In do
wash the clock
Shopping list
wash the floor
6 oranges
mend the coffee pot
bottle of milk
ring the doctor
coffee
feed the dog
box of matches
going shopping
pot of honey
No R!W tht memory game, using Hating intonation
A: Johnny has got to buy some coffee
B: /ohnny has got to buy sonic coffee, and wash the floor
4. YES - NO ANSWER
The voice often falls on "yes” and “ no”, which could be z complete answer, and also
on complete, definite statement
Listen and practise these questions and answers
Does B
Has B pu
c garette?
t?
he d
’t. He’s
, he hot. He’s
Does A eats†, hers.
Now ask and answer these questions
Does B like beans on toast?
Are fiozen raspberries good?
Does B eat snacks?
Are potatoes fattening?
Does A eat sweets?
Should we eat more fat?
5. NTONATION IN TWO-CLAUSE SENTENCES
The voice rises in subordinate clause or non-final phrase, and falls in main clause
dLrfer and practise this conversation in group of four. Notice the intonation in the ”
Before-sentence”
A: which is the most wful machine in your office?
B: The personal computer. I can put facts and figures into the computer, anf find them
again fast. Ben
a computer, I could never find the n
iece of paper
C: The photocopier. I c type a draft, correct it, then make copies on the photocopier.
Before we had the otocopier, it was awfully difficult to
rfect copies
D: The coffee machine. I can have a cup of coffee when ever I feel I like it. Before we
coffee machine, 1 had to, fetch coffee from tiit>5gfe next door
J3: preferred it when you had to go to the cafe. Now there are coffee cups of all over the
officc
Scanned with CamScanner
+:
yesterday I had just made forty -four perfect cor •• g, gttd yOJ2 po urud a cup of
coffee allover them.
6. STATEMENT IMPLYING "BUTT."
Tbs roles falls aad rbes.’£be fall osark8 tbe important laforzzzatioai tbc rise iapliez
tbat tkoagb the speaker zacy bave osade a positive statezaeat, be/ ybe is goiag to qualify it.
Listen, and repeat the questions and answers below. Notice B'z volce falls and rzses in
the first par( oflhe sentence. He is parIIy soying "yes", but is going to continue
A: Did you have good weather on holiday?
B: The
Ki but everything was awful
A: Is your younger brother all right now?
B. Yes, my
ght, but my mother is very tired.
Scanned with CamScanner
15: STRESS
$. WORfi STRESSED ON THE FIRST SYALLABLE
Tuesday
awfii1
ever
brother
window
bedroom
airfield
stoplight
bookstorc
s«hoo o
forty
fifly
sixty
4. Stress in umum'verb pairs
versa
Norris
conflict
conduct
conduct
desert
desert
permit
export
export
B. WORDS STRESSED ON THE SECOND SYLLABE
1. Reflexive pronouns are usually stressed on the cecond syllable
myself
yourself
herself
ourselves
2. Compound orbs are usuaKy strected or the cccond or last pliable
outdone
overlook
outsmart
overcome
c.szgsss or woRos HnviNG surrixzs
I. The straw is iii fiedJi ely before the foHowing engines
Virginia
IONAL
Scanned with CamScanner
Australian
librariaii
magician
aquarium
medium
calcium
e
g
- ENT, - IENCE, - IENCY
ancient
experience sufficient
patience
- IOUS, - EOUS, - UOIIS
industrious
continuous
simultaneous
- GRAPHY photography geography
bibliography
- LOGY
psychology
biology
apology
2. The stress is two syllables before the suffices
- ATE
List 1 - Adjechves and nouns where - ale rhymes wth “It”
adequate
passionate
illiterate
inaccurate
rems where - ate rhymed ’yh • 8 "
appreciate
estimate
certificate
discriminate
- OUS
adventurous
Exception:
vigorous
eNORMous
ridiculous
humourous
deSIrous
treMENDous
- ENT, - ENCE, - ENCY, - ANT, - ANCE, -ANCY
accident
ignorance
reference
presidency
hesitant
laboratory
secretary
dJOSitofy
attitude
gratitude
solitude
multitude
autograph
photograph
monogram
diagram
occupancy
- ARE, - ORY
dictionary
- TUDE
telegraph
kilogram
monograph
telegnm
3. The stress is always on the snfFu
-ADE, - AQUE, - IQUE, - IGUE
parade
technique
intrigue
opaque
- EE, - ESE, - ESQUE, - ETTE
refugee
Japanese
- EER,
-OON
picturesque roomette
balloon
cartoon
47
Scanned with CamScanner
- IAHLE ,0SS -N s
elassifiable
tuberculosis
appendicitis
4. Other snip
Iff g#Nerdf, the stress doec not fnove when any other sum: is added to a word. A list of
important sun ni that do not cause a chonge In stress follows.
Grammatica l suffuse: md, -es, -ing, •en, -er, -est, -ly
Lexical suffixes: - able, - age, -aI, -cy, -acy, Aom, ,er, -or, -ow, -ess, -fold, -full,
-hoo‹t -ish, - ism, -isl, -be, - ize, - ise, - less, - ie, - lika, -ling, - -me”nf, - , - eg, - scope,
- ship, • some, - star, - ward, - wise, - worthy
5. Double suffis:os
Tfie stress is always on Ihefirsl slemyx/ ofthefoIlow!ng double z
z
iostruoientd experizacatal
-
MEN3'sry elementary
- IZable, - fssble
supplementary
advimble
necessarily
recognizable
twporarily
D. EXERCISES
1. Can you put the following words into the correct cnfuatns according to stresc?
superman
Cinderella
philosophy
demanding
eificient
compulsive
abilities
rehearsal
unbearable
batnries
efficiently
management
enjoyable
Example:
honeymoon
divon:ed
engaged
CtiDtf8diCt
pmmotion
impatient
0ffH
Madrid
invitt sympathy
g0df8ther
confident
forever
invitation
congratulation
Scanned with CamScanner
UN I’T 16: LINKING OF W
•ruk1.£ic«/•g7a b s 4 x gzr°°=•'«f
Listen Io,peaple giving odvice. Practise h
My necks aches
Wrapt it in a scarf
Drinks a cup of tea
Take an aspirin
Rub1 it
I’ve gotl a bigl ememld ring
Putt it on
Kemps it safe
Lock it up
Takel it to the bank
Putt it in a bigl envelope, and bidet it under the baak
I’ve gotl a weeks off. What shall I do?
Maket a dress
Sitl and relax
Readl a book
What wouldl Aim like for Christmas?
A bigl umbrella
A bookl on music
A bagt and some gloves
A rodl and white scarf
* Task 2: ZitJ /f, v, /,
8, q z / to a vowel
Listen and practise this conversation
A: What do you want to do when you leave school?
*
B: I want to movel into a flat with some friend
A: It’s lesst expensive to livel at home
B: I’za going to given a party
A: Don’t damaged anything!
B: I’d like‘to buy myselfl a sports car
A: Don’t crashl into anything!
B: I want to catch a plane to South America
A: Arranged a cheap flight!
B: What do you want to do when you leave school7
A: I want to get ajob in a largel orgaaimtion, and saved all my money
49
Scanned with CamScanner
'7 ssk 3: f ind / z / i« « v»u‹I
listen andprac lise ihis d erynce:
A: We’ve been waiting for an hour and s half
B: Say yourl aunt is very ill. A doctor ought to sts herl at once
A: Theret isn’t a doctorf available. They’rcf el1 busy
B: Ask the receptionist to hurry up
A: I’ve asked her over afid over again. The more I ask, the longer I wait
• Task 4: find m»cts /i: , $
cr/ra a valet
Ciaran at repeat. Think ofa little / j /sound linking two words. Mark the links in the
I
Veryl interesting
J
J
Tbe storys is veryl izttgresting
JJ
Thel end of the story is veryl interesting
i
A lovelyl ice cream
JJ
Enjoyl a very lovelyl ice cream
J
J
J
IN always enjoyl a lovelyl ice cream
A day or two
Stay at home for a day or two
I ought to stay ay home for a day or two
• Task 5: f,ñik vpire// , as, as/la a/pf/owrng rairrf
Listen, and repeat these sentences. Think ofa little /iv/sound linking two words.
Mark the link in the last four sentences
W
I couldn’t dot anything about it
Let’s got into the next room
Do you knowl every one here?
W
W
I’ve moved to a newf office - next tot Oxford circus staion
I knewl I would be late
Are yout in the same p
2
Yank always say that
It was so exciting
Scanned with CamScanner
I don’t know ali the students, but i know all the teachers
How old is she7
There was snow and ice everywhere
We tmvelled through Africa
I don’t know anything about him
* Tesk 6
Listen to this conversat“ion, which contains words ending with each of the consonants
prnttised in this us“ñ, followed by o vowel, also of linking lv’th r, J and v. Leak for an Cfc
A: Anne’s just phoned. She and Diana are on both their way. Is dinner nearly
B: Yes. Can you get out two eggs fiom the fridge?
A: Which eggs? The large ones or the small ones?
B: The large eggs. Small eggs are no good.
A: OK. Anything else?
B: Yes. Squeeze another o inge, and put the fresh orange juice in a jug, please.
A. Right What’s next?
B: There’s a pie in the oven. Take it out, and slide it under the grill. Then finish
laying the table for me. Each person needs a knife and fork, and a cup of
saucer. And then could you scrub all these potatoes.
A: Come on. Anne and Diana!
REFERENCES
Bowler, B& Cunningham, S (1992). Headway Pronunoiahon- Upper-Intermediate. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
BOWler, B& Cunningham, S (1992). Headway 2Ypounrfdfén- Pre-fnfermediéfz. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Date, P.W & Poms, L(1994). English Pronunciation far Interns“nonal Students. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall Regents
O’Conor, J.D & Fletcher, C (1995). founds 2fngl’uh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
si
Scanned with CamScanner