T3911-390-01
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Introduction to Creo Simulate 2.0
Authored and published using
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Copyright © 2012 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
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Copyright for PTC software products is with Parametric Technology Corporation, its subsidiary companies (collectively “PTC”),
and their respective licensors. This software is provided under written license agreement, contains valuable trade secrets and
proprietary information, and is protected by the copyright laws of the United States and other countries. It may not be copied
or distributed in any form or medium, disclosed to third parties, or used in any manner not provided for in the software licenses
agreement except with written prior approval from PTC.
UNAUTHORIZED USE OF SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION CAN RESULT IN CIVIL DAMAGES AND CRIMINAL
PROSECUTION.
User and training guides and related documentation from PTC is subject to the copyright laws of the United States and other
countries and is provided under a license agreement that restricts copying, disclosure, and use of such documentation. PTC
hereby grants to the licensed software user the right to make copies in printed form of this documentation if provided on
software media, but only for internal/personal use and in accordance with the license agreement under which the applicable
software is licensed. Any copy made shall include the PTC copyright notice and any other proprietary notice provided by PTC.
Training materials may not be copied without the express written consent of PTC. This documentation may not be disclosed,
transferred, modified, or reduced to any form, including electronic media, or transmitted or made publicly available by any
means without the prior written consent of PTC and no authorization is granted to make copies for such purposes.
Information described herein is furnished for general information only, is subject to change without notice, and should not be
construed as a warranty or commitment by PTC. PTC assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that
may appear in this document.
For Important Copyright, Trademark, Patent and Licensing Information see backside of this guide.
About PTC University
Welcome to PTC University!
With an unmatched depth and breadth of product development knowledge, PTC University helps
you realize the most value from PTC products. Only PTC University offers:
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• An innovative learning methodology - PTC’s Precision Learning Methodology is a proven
proprietary approach used by PTC to develop and deliver learning solutions.
• Flexible Delivery Options – PTC University ensures you receive the same quality training programs
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The course you are about to take will expose you to a number of learning offerings that PTC
University has available. These include:
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• Instructor-led Training (ILT) - The ideal blend of classroom lectures, personal demonstrations,
hands-on workshops, assessments, and post-classroom tools.
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and Pro/FICIENCY assessments.
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PTC University additionally offers Precision Learning Programs. These are corporate learning
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Whatever your learning needs are, PTC University can help you get the most out of your PTC
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PTC Telephone and Fax Numbers
North America
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• Education Services Registration
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Europe
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• Technical Support, License Management, Training & Consulting
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• Please refer to http://www.ptc.com/services/training/contact.htm for contact information.
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In addition, you can access the PTC Web site at www.ptc.com. Our Web site contains the latest
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PTC University uses the Precision Learning methodology to develop effective, comprehensive class
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using the proven instructional design principal of ‘Tell Me, Show Me, Let Me Do’:
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• Topics are introduced through a short presentation, highlighting the key concepts.
• These key concepts are then reinforced by seeing them applied in the software application.
• You then apply the concepts through structured exercises.
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After the course, a Pro/FICIENCY assessment is provided in order for you to assess your
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Precision Learning After the Class
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At the end of the class, you will either take a Pro/FICIENCY assessment via your PTC University
eLearning account, or your instructor will provide training on how to do this after the class.
Each student that enrolls in a PTC class has a PTC University eLearning account. This account will
be automatically created if you do not already have one.
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As part of the class, you receive additional content in your account:
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• A Pro/FICIENCY assessment from the course content that generates a Recommended Learning
Report based on your results.
• A Web-based training version of the course, based on the same instructional approach of lecture,
demonstration and exercise. The Recommended Learning Report will link directly to sections
of this training that you may want to review.
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Please note that Web-based training may not be available in all languages. The Web-based training
is available in your account for one year after the live class.
Precision Learning Recommendations
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PTC uses a role-based training approach. The roles and the associated training
are graphically displayed in a curriculum map. Curriculum maps are available for
numerous PTC products and versions in the training section of our Web site at
http://www.ptc.com/services/edserv/learning/paths/index.htm.
Please note that a localized map may not be available in every language and that the map above is
partial and for illustration purposes only.
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Before the end of the class, your instructor will review the map corresponding to the course you
are taking. This review, along with instructor recommendations, should give you some ideas for
additional training that corresponds to your role and job functions.
Training Agenda
Module 02
― Theoretical Foundations
Module 03
― Model Preparation
Module 04
― Analysis Definition Basics
Module 05
― Introduction to Results Evaluation
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― Introduction to Creo Simulate
Day 2
― Materials and Simulate Geometry Features
Module 07
― Loads and Constraints
Module 08
― Interfaces, Assemblies, and Measures
― Meshing
Module 10
― More Analysis Types
Module 11
― Singularities
Module 12
― Basic Model Debugging
Module 13
― Project
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Module 09
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Day 3
Day 4
― Model Types
Module 15
― Shells
Module 16
― Idealizations
Module 17
― Advanced Analysis
Module 18
― Sensitivity and Optimization
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Day 5
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Module 14
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Module 06
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Module 01
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Day 1
Table of Contents
Introduction to Creo Simulate 2.0
Introduction to Results Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Exporting Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
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Loads and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Defining Constraints — An Office Chair Leg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Defining Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
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Interfaces, Assemblies, and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Reviewing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Using Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
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Meshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Using AutoGEM Settings — Meshing a Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Using AutoGEM Settings — Mixed Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
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More Analysis Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Using Modal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
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Singularities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Treating Singularities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
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Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
The Journeyman’s Piece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
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Model Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
Understanding 2-D Plane Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
Understanding 2-D Axial Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8
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Shells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1
Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models – Shell Idealizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-2
Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-7
Using Shell Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-11
Using Connection Tools to Join Shell Midsurface Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-19
Idealizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1
Defining a Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-2
Creating Weighted and Rigid Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-10
Advanced Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1
Understanding Linear Buckling Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-2
Understanding Nonlinear Stability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-8
Sensitivity and Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
Defining Design Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-2
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Module 5
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Introduction to Results Evaluation
© 2012 PTC
Module 5 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Exporting Results
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Generate different types of postprocessing plots using Simulate result data.
Scenario
Erase Not Displayed
Close Window
Simulate_Analysis\ExportResults
Create and edit fringe plots for stress and deformations.
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Task 1:
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Use the postprocessing tools to generate different types of plots from the data generated by Creo
Simulate.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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2. Click Results
from the Run group. The Creo Simulate Results window appears.
3. Click Insert > Result Window to create the first result window. The Design Study for
Result Window appears.
4. Select the Gearbox output folder and click Open. The Result Window Definition dialog box
appears.
5. Customize the content as follows:
• Type MP_STRESS in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Principal Stress in the Title field.
• Select the Quantity tab. Select Max Principal from the Component drop-down list.
• Select the Display Location tab. Keep the default selection All.
• Select the Display Options tab. Select the following:
– Continuous Tone
– Deformed
– Show Element Edges
– Animate
– Deselect Auto Start
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6. Click OK and Show. The results window
appears.
Module 5 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
7. Click Play
to start animating the results.
Use the Speed Slide bar to slow or accelerate the animation. You can click Stop
and then click Step Forwards
to display the animation frame by frame.
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8. Click Edit > Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
9. Select the Display Options tab.
10. Modify the following fields:
• Deselect Continuous Tone.
• Type 20 in the Scaling field.
• Deselect Show Element Edges.
• Deselect Animate.
• Click OK and Show. The updated results window appears.
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11. Click Edit > Copy. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
12. Customize the content as follows:
• Type MAX_DISP in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Displacement Magnitude in the Title field.
• Select the Quantity tab. Select Displacement from the drop-down list, and select
Magnitude from the Component drop-down list.
• Select the Display Location tab and accept all defaults.
• Select the Display Options tab. Complete the following:
– Select Continuous Tone.
– Select Deformed.
– Select Overlay Undeformed.
– Type 50 in the Scaling field.
– Select Animate.
– Deselect Auto Start.
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13. Click OK and Show. The results window
appears. Two result windows are now open.
14. Animate the results.
You need to click in the window where Animate has been turned on in order to be
able to animate it.
15. Click Show Definitions
. The Display Result Window appears.
16. Deselect MP_STRESS. Click OK. The display of the result window is turned off. Only the
MAX_DISPL result window is displayed.
© 2012 PTC
Module 5 | Page 3
Process Fringe Plot result window.
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Task 2:
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17. Click Edit > Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
18. Select the Display Options tab.
19. Modify the following fields:
• Deselect Continuous Tone.
• Deselect Deformed.
• Deselect Overlay Undeformed.
• Type 10 in the Scaling field and select %.
20. Click OK and Show. Do not close the window.
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1. To change the orientation of the model in the fringe plot, click Saved View List
. Click
Front.
2. Repeat, clicking Top, then Right.
3. Restore the default orientation by clicking Default.
4. Click Insert > Cutting/Capping Surfs. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
Complete the fields as follows to insert a cutting surface:
• Select Cutting Surface from the Type drop-down list.
• Select WCS from the Define by drop-down list.
• Select the XZ plane.
• Type 50 in the Depth field, and select %.
5. Click OK.
6. Animate the results in the model. Notice the display of the fringe plot results along a sliver
surface cut away about 50% from the XZ plane. Do not stop the animation.
7. Select Edit > Cutting Surf. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
8. Complete the following fields:
• Select the YZ plane.
9. Click OK. Review the new displayed and animated fringe plot.
10. Select Edit > Delete Cutting Surf to delete the YZ plane cutting surface.
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11. Click Insert > Cutting/Capping Surfs. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
Complete the fields as follows to insert a capping surface:
• Select Capping Surface from the Type drop-down list.
• Select WCS from the Define by drop-down list.
• Select the XZ plane.
• Type 60 in the Depth field, and select %.
12. Click OK. Notice that animation is still on while displaying only 60% of the model.
13. Select Edit > Capping Surf. The Results Surface Definition dialog box appears.
14. Change the fields to explore other settings.
15. Click OK. Review the new display and animation.
16. Select Edit > Delete Capping Surf to delete the capping surface.
The Cutting/Capping Surface functionality can be applied to both 3-D parts and
assemblies’ fringe and vector plots.
17. Click Show Definitions
. The Display Result Window appears.
18. Select MP_STRESS. Deselect MAX_DISPL. Click OK. Only the MP_STRESS result window
is displayed.
Module 5 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
19.
20.
21.
22.
Click Edit > Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
Select the Display Options tab.
Deselect Animation.
Click OK and Show.
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You can spin, pan, zoom, and rotate the
model and the leader of the annotation
follows.
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23. Click Info > Measures. The Measures dialog
box appears.
24. Select max_stress_prin from the Measure
Name list.
25. Click Create Annotation. Note the annotation
created in the fringe plot with the leader pointing
to the location where the maximum is found.
26. Click Close.
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27. Click Info > Dynamic Query. The Query dialog
box appears.
28. Place the cursor next to the area where the
annotation leader is reported. The values appear
in the Query dialog box. Use the mouse button
and click several times around that maximum
location area. Notice the values are left recorded
on the fringe plot as shown in the figure.
29. Click Close.
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30. Click Info > Clear All Query Tags. The Question dialog box appears. Click Yes.
31. Click Edit > Delete Annotation.
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32. Click Edit > Legend Value.
33. Click the value below the maximum number in
the legend. The Enter Data dialog box appears.
Type 150 in the field.
34. Click OK. The Question dialog box appears.
Click Yes. The legend value and the color
distribution in the fringe plot is updated.
You can never modify the maximum and
minimum legend values. You can turn
them off by clicking Format > Legend,
and deselecting Show View Min/Max.
© 2012 PTC
Module 5 | Page 5
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1. Click Edit > Copy. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Customize the content as follows:
• Type MP_VECTOR in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Principal Stress — Vector Plot in the Title field.
• Select Vectors from the Display Type drop-down list.
• Select the Quantity tab. Complete the following:
– Select Stress from the drop-down list.
– Select Max Principal from the Component drop-down list.
• Select the Display Location tab and accept all defaults.
• Select the Display Options tab. Complete the following:
– Select Shaded Vectors.
– Select Deformed.
– Select Overlay Undeformed.
– Type 20 in the Scaling field, and select %.
– Select Animate.
– De-select Auto Start.
– Type 20 in the Frames field.
3. Click OK and Show. The results window appears.
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Create and edit vector and model plots.
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Task 3:
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4. Click Show Definitions
. The Display Result
Window appears.
5. Deselect MP_STRESS and MM_DISPL. Click
OK. Only the MP_ALL_STRESS result window
is displayed.
6. Animate the results. The content is displayed
as shown.
Module 5 | Page 6
© 2012 PTC
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7. Click Format > Result Window. The Format
Result Window dialog box appears.
8. Select Black from the Background Color
drop-down list. Select the following from the
Visibilities section:
• Title
• Coordinate System
• Legend
• Csys Triad
• Annotations
9. Click OK. The result window now has a black
background.
10. Click Format > Legend. The Edit Legend dialog
box appears.
11. Modify the dialog box as shown. Click OK.
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12. Click Edit > Copy. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
13. Customize the content as follows:
• Type MODEL in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Model Plot in the Title field.
• Select Model from the Display Type drop-down list.
• Select the Quantity tab. Complete the following:
– Select Displacement from the drop-down list.
– Select Magnitude from the Component drop-down list.
• Select the Display Location tab and accept all defaults.
• Select the Display Options tab. Complete the following:
– Select Shade Surfaces.
– Select Deformed.
– Select Overlay Undeformed.
– Type 30 in the Scaling field, and select %.
– Deselect Animate.
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14. Click OK and Show. The results window
appears.
15. Click Format > Result Window. The Format Result Window dialog box appears.
16. Select Creo from the Background Color drop-down list.
© 2012 PTC
Module 5 | Page 7
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1. Click Edit > Copy. The Result Window Definition
dialog box appears.
2. Customize the content as follows:
• Type MP_GRAPH in the Name field.
• Type Gearbox Max Principal Stress – Graph
Plot in the Title field.
• Select Graph from the Display Type
drop-down list.
• Select the Quantity tab. Complete the
following:
– In the Graph Ordinate (Vertical) Axis
section, select Stress from the drop-down
list.
– Select Max Principal from the Component
drop-down list.
– In the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis
section, select Curve Arc Length.
– In the Graph Location section, click Select
Reference . In the pop-up window, select
the curves shown in the figure. Click OK in
the Select dialog box and click OK in the
information window.
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Create and edit graphs.
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Task 4:
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3. Click OK and Show. The results window
appears.
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4. Click Show Definitions
. The Display Result
Window appears.
5. Deselect MODEL and MP_VECTOR. Click OK.
Only the MP_GRAPH result window is displayed.
Module 5 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
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6. Click Format > Graph. The Graph Window
Options dialog box appears.
7. Select the Y Axis tab. Complete the following:
• In the Tick Marks section, type 3 in the Major
field.
8. Click OK. The modified graph is shown in the
figure.
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9. Click File > Export > Excel. The Export to Excel dialog box appears.
10. Type a name for the file in the Name field and click Save. An Excel file is generated.
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You can also export the content of the graph in a tabulated form by clicking File >
Export > Graph Report.
Click Show Definitions
. The Display Result Window appears.
Select all the names listed and click OK. All the result windows are displayed.
Press SHIFT and click the MP_STRESS and MAX_DISPL windows.
Click File > Export > HTML Report. The HTML Report dialog box appears.
Complete the following:
• Type Gearbox_Investigation in the HTML Report Name field.
• Type Gearbox Test 125AK in the Browser Title field.
• Type New Investigation on the Gearbox Design in the HTML Report Title field.
• Select Introduction from the Item list.
• Type Please examine the max stress seen in this report. I am concerned that a
failure may occur. in the Content field.
• Browse to a directory for the files in the Directory for HTML Report Files field.
16. Click Export.
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11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
This report can be opened and viewed with any browser. It can be edited with any
tool that enables HTML editing or a text editor.
Save Result windows and use templates.
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Task 5:
1. Click Show Definitions
. The Display Result Window appears.
2. Deselect all the names listed except MP_STRESS. Click OK. Only the MP_STRESS result
window is displayed.
3. Click File > Save As. The Save Result Window dialog box appears.
4. Type MP_STRESS_ITERATION in the Name field, and select *.rwd from the Type drop-down
list.
5. Click Save.
Any *.rwd saved result window file can be opened by clicking File > Open from the
Creo Simulate Results window.
© 2012 PTC
Module 5 | Page 9
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8. Click Select Folder
and type a name for the template.
9. Click Save. The Save Results dialog box appears.
10. Select the following from the Store With Template section:
• Units
• Legend Values
• Model Orientation
• Deformed Scale
11. Click OK.
12. Click Insert > Results Window From Template.
13. Select Plastic_Clip.
14. Click Open. The Insert Results Window From Template dialog box appears.
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6. Click File > Save As Template. The Save Result Template dialog box appears.
7. Type STRESS_TEMPLATE in the Name field.
. The Load Result Window dialog box appears.
Click Select Folder
Select STRESS_TEMPLATE from the working directory.
Click Open. The Insert Result Window From Template dialog box appears.
Click OK and Show. A new results window is created from a different output directory with
the same model orientation, units, and legend display.
19. Click File > Exit Results. A Prompt dialog box appears.
20. Click No. The Creo Simulate interface is now active.
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15.
16.
17.
18.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 5 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
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Module 7
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Loads and Constraints
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define constraints.
• Define forces.
• Define and run a static analysis.
• Create result windows.
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Scenario
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In this exercise, you investigate the stresses and deformations that develop on a sheave shaft under
external loads. The structural component is subjected to several types of loads (pressure and
torque). The purpose of the exercise is to show how to combine their effects. In this example, you
assume only material linearity. Therefore, the load effects can be linearly combined.
In this example, the knowledge about the load magnitudes is either simulated or evaluated from
the limp belt theory. Always make sure that you are using legitimate engineering references when
analytically estimating load values or constraint systems.
From the belt drive, the shaft is loaded in bending and torsion as shown below. You want to transfer
a torque of 50 N. You can make use of the limp belt theory and the equations shown.
Study these load components and think about how to group them to examine their individual effects.
You use three main load sets:
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The pressure from belt pretension.
The external torque.
Additional belt pressure from the transferred torque.
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1.
2.
3.
In this exercise, we use the following values and properties:
Load
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B1req
Definition
Torque to be transferred
Minimum required belt
pretension force to transfer
torque
Value
50 N
1824.1 N
B1
Selected belt pretension (force
in the loose side of the belt)
2500 N
B2
Tensile force in the loaded side
of the belt
5357.14 N
Ft
Tangential force (transfers the
torque)
2857.14 N
d
Traction sheave diameter
35 mm
w
Belt width
6 mm
Module 7 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
Load
Belt pressure from selected
belt pretension
23.8095 MPa
Maximum additional belt
pressure from tangential force
27.2109 MPa
fFt
Belt tangential traction from
tangential force
8.6615 MPa
μ
Friction coefficient belt-sheave
α
Wrap angle
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180°=3.1415 rad
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TRACTION_SHEAVE_SHAFT_B.PRT
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pFTmax
Investigate the model properties.
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Task 1:
Value
Definition
pB1
Define constraints in the model.
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Task 2:
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1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click HIGH_STRENGTH_STEEL and select Edit
Definition. The Material Definition dialog box appears.
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus (E) and Poisson’s Ratio. In addition to the stresses
and deformations, you will plot the Failure Index. Therefore, the Failure Criteria has been
defined for this material. It is a ductile material and the Yield Strength of the material has
been specified. Click Ok to close the Material Definition dialog box.
5. Review the surface and volume regions created in the model. These are used for constraint
and load definitions. To identify these simulation features, expand Simulation Features.
Click in each feature to identify it in the model. The surface regions help to define constraints
in the model. The volume regions help to define loads.
6. Review the datum points defined in the model by clicking PNT2, PNT3, PNT4, and PNT5 in
the model tree. These points help to define constraints in the model.
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1. Define the weighted links in the model. In the
ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Connections
2. Click Weighted Link
group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog box
appears.
3. Select Surfaces from the Independent Side
drop-down list. Select the cylindrical surface
Surf:F30 on the model as shown.
4. Enable Point Display
. In the Weighted Link
Definition dialog box, Dependent Side section,
click in the Point field. Select PNT8 on the model
as shown.
5. Click OK.
6. Repeat this procedure to create a second
weighted link on the other end of the shaft.
Select PNT9 as the Dependent Side point.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 3
7. Click Spring from the Idealizations group. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
8. Complete the following:
• Select To Ground from the Type drop-down list.
• Select Single in the References section.
• Select PNT8 on the model.
9. In the Properties section, click More. The Spring Properties dialog box appears.
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12. In the Spring Property Definition dialog box, click OK.
13. In the Spring Properties dialog box, click OK.
14. In the Spring Definition dialog box, click OK.
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10. Click New. The Spring Property Definition dialog
box appears.
11. Complete the Spring Property Definition dialog
box as shown.
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15. Define a second spring element To Ground for
PNT9 at the opposite end of the shaft. Complete
the Spring Property Definition dialog box as
shown, and click OK to return to the Spring
Properties dialog box.
16. Click OK to close the Spring Properties and
Spring Definition dialog boxes and complete the
spring definition.
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17. In addition to the two spring elements that you just created, you need to create a “dummy”
spring element connecting the two points, PNT8 and PNT9. This element is needed to
bypass any error checking done by Creo Simulate regarding the To Ground springs. Click
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Spring from the Idealizations group. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
18. Complete the following:
• Select Simple from the Type drop-down list.
• Select Point-Point in the References section.
• Select PNT8 and PNT9 on the model.
• In the Properties section, select Constant Stiffness from the Extensional Force-Deflection
Variation drop-down list.
• In the Extensional Stiffness field, type 0.001.
• In the Torsional Stiffness field, type 0.
19. Click OK to close the Spring Definition dialog box and complete the spring definition.
Module 7 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
Task 3:
Define the model loads.
1. Define a load set simulating the belt preload.
The load is defined in a Cylindrical coordinate
system that has been defined. In the ribbon,
select the Home tab.
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In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Selected in the Properties section.
In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select CS1.
Select Force Per Unit Area from the Distribution drop-down list.
In the Force section, type –23.8095 in the R field.
Click Preview to review the load.
Click OK.
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8.
9.
10.
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2. Click Force/Moment Load
from the Loads
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
3. In the Member of Set section, click New. The
Load Set Definition dialog box appears.
4. Type Belt_Preload in the Name field. Click OK.
5. Select the curved surface on the model as
shown. One surface should be displayed in the
selection bin.
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12. Define a load simulating the torque in the shaft.
This torque load set has two loads. The first load
is the transferred torque defined at the end of
the shaft. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Loads
13. Click Force/Moment Load
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
14. In the Member of Set section, click New. The
Load Set Definition dialog box appears.
15. Type Torque in the Name field. Click OK.
16. Select the curved surface on the model as
shown. Two surfaces should be displayed in the
selection bin.
In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Advanced in the Properties section.
Select Total Load at Point from the Distribution drop-down list. In the model, select PNT2.
In the Moment section, type –50000 in the Z field.
Click Preview to review the load.
Click OK.
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17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 5
22. The second load of the torque load set is applied
on half of the surface shaft. In the ribbon, select
the Home tab.
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In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Selected in the Properties section.
In the model tree, select CS1.
Select Force Per Unit Area from the Distribution drop-down list.
In the Force section, type 8.6614935 in the Theta field.
Click Preview to review the load.
Click OK.
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32. The last load set contains the additional pressure
load from the transferred torque. The load is
going to vary as a function of geometry. In the
ribbon, select the Home tab.
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27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
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23. Click Force/Moment Load
from the Loads
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
24. In the Member of Set section, select Torque
from the drop-down list.
25. Select the curved surface on the model as
shown. One surface should be displayed in the
selection bin.
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In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Selected in the Properties section.
In the model tree, select CS1.
Select Force Per Unit Area from the Distribution drop-down list.
Select Interpolated Over Entity from the Spacial Variation drop-down list.
Click Define. The Interpolation Over Entity dialog box appears.
Click Add.
Select PNT3 and PNT4 from the model.
Click Done/Return.
In the Interpolation Over Entity dialog box, type 0 in the first field, and type 27.2109 in the
second field.
Click OK.
In the Force/Moment dialog box, in the Force section, type –1 in the R field.
Click Preview to review the load.
Click OK.
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38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
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from the Loads
33. Click Force/Moment Load
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
34. In the Member of Set section, click New. The
Load Set Definition dialog box appears.
35. Type Belt_addition_p_from_T in the Name
field. Click OK.
36. Select the curved surface on the model as
shown. One surface should be displayed in the
selection bin.
46.
47.
48.
49.
Module 7 | Page 6
© 2012 PTC
Task 4:
Define and run the static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type Shaft.
• Select only the following load sets in the Load Set/Component section.
– Belt_Preload
– Torque
– Belt_addition_p_from_T
• Keep all other defaults.
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Note that there are no constraint sets. The spring elements defined as To Ground
are the actual constraints.
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5. Click OK.
6. Click Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
Create result windows and inspect the results.
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Task 5:
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7. Click Display Study Status
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
Note the maximum values for the stresses and deformations for all three load sets. These
effects are not added; they are computed individually.
8. Close all dialog boxes except for the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Shaft.
2. Create the following fringe plots to visually interpret the results:
• Maximum displacement magnitude
• Failure Index
• Principal Stress Vectors
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Note that Creo Simulate provides three individual results to choose the effects
from based on the load sets defined. By default Creo Simulate will combine these
effects. Clear the Include check boxes to investigate individual effects or other
load combinations. In addition, note the Scaling option. Since this is a linear static
analysis, a multiplier can be used to get the effects of applying three times the load
in the model. The multiplier can have different values for each load set defined
in the model.
This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 7
Exercise 2: Defining Constraints — An Office Chair Leg
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define constraints in a model.
• Define loads in a model.
• Define and run a static analysis.
• Review a summary report.
• Create a result window and review results.
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Scenario
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In this exercise, you investigate a structural component made of a brittle material. Your goal is to
find out if the material is able to withstand the maximum stress in the model. You also improve on
how to create and investigate results using Creo Simulate.
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The model to be analyzed is a chair under a 4500 N load. You can use symmetry since the material,
loads, and constraints are also symmetrical but, in this case, radial.
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OFFICE_CHAIR_LEVER_SIMULATE.PRT
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Task 1:
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Creo Parametric users open OFFICE_CHAIR_LEVER.
Define constraints in the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints
2. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Press CTRL and in the model select both
surfaces as shown. Two surfaces should be
listed in the References section in the Constraint
dialog box.
Module 7 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
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4. In the Coordinate System section, select
Selected.
5. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features
and select SYMMETRY_CONSTRAINT_UCS.
6. In the Translation section, click Free Translation
for R and Z translations. The dialog box should
now appear as shown.
7. Click OK.
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8. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints
9. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
10. Select the surface shown on the model.
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11. Complete the remainder of the dialog box as
shown and click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 9
Task 2:
Define the load on the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Loads
2. Click Force/Moment Load
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
3. Select the curved surface as shown.
Define and run the static analysis.
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Task 3:
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4. Type 450 in the Y field in the Force section.
5. Click Preview to review the load distribution.
6. Click OK.
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from the Run
2. Click Analyses and Studies
group. The Analyses and Design Studies dialog
box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis
Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as shown.
5. Click OK.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Run > Settings. The Run Settings
dialog box appears.
7. Review the default settings and click OK.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Start Run
9. Click Yes in the Question dialog box.
.
to monitor the run. The Run Status dialog box appears.
10. Click Display Study Status
11. Review the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box after the run is complete.
Notice the maximum values for the stresses and deformations, and also check the
convergence of the solution.
The values reported in the Summary report help you understand only the magnitude
of the quantities you’re looking for. You need to create fringe/vector plots and graphs
for a better interpretation of the results. These plots help you find the maximum
stress location and deformed shape.
12. In the Run Status dialog box, click Close.
13. In the Diagnostics dialog box, click Close.
Module 7 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
Task 4:
Create result window and inspect results.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis that just completed.
2. Click Results > Define Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
3. Create and review the following four result windows:
• Failure Index
• Maximum Displacement Magnitude
• Principal Stress Convergence Graph
• P-Level Plot
Note the maximum deformation at the center of the hole is approximately 1.25 mm.
Task 5:
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4. In the Creo Simulate Results window, click File > Exit Results.
5. Click No in the Message dialog box.
6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
Define enforced displacement constraints in the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints
2. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Select the internal surface of the hole as shown.
for the Y translation.
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4. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation
5. Type 1.25 in the Y translation field.
6. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 11
Task 6:
Define the resultant force measure.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
Define a new static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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Task 7:
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2. Click Measures
from the Run group. The
Measures dialog box appears.
3. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box
appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as shown. When
selecting the Surface, select surface
SURF:F12(PROTRUSION).
5. Click OK.
6. In the Measures dialog box, click Close.
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from the Run
2. Click Analyses and Studies
group. The Analyses and Design Studies dialog
box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis
Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as shown.
5. Click OK.
Module 7 | Page 12
© 2012 PTC
6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the new analysis and click Start
.
Run
7. Click Yes in the Question dialog box.
8. Click Confirm in the next dialog box.
Task 8:
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to monitor the run. The Run Status dialog box appears.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Review the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box after the run is complete.
Notice the maximum values for the stresses and deformations, and also check the
convergence of the solution.
11. In the Run Status dialog box, click Close.
12. In the Diagnostics dialog box, click Close.
Create result window and inspect results.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis that just completed.
2. Click Results > Define Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
3. Create and review the following three result windows:
• Failure Index
• Maximum Displacement Magnitude Fringe Plot
• Maximum Principal Stress Fringe Plot
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Compare the deformed shape with the one evaluated before. Notice that this is not
the same as before and it should be. The deformed shape indicates that applying
the enforced (prescribed) displacement in this way leads to erroneous results.
Unrealistically high local deformation is developed in that area. The model is now
overconstrained and a bending moment is induced.
Model weighted link-spring connection.
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Task 9:
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4. In the Creo Simulate Results window, click File > Exit Results.
5. Click No in the Message dialog box.
6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
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1. In the model trees, expand Loads/Constraints.
2. Expand Constraint Set.
3. Right-click the last constraint set and select Delete.
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4. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Connections
5. Click Weighted Link
group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog box
appears.
6. Select Surfaces from the Independent Side
drop-down list.
7. Select the cylindrical and flat surfaces as shown.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 13
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8. Click in the Point field in the Dependent Side
section and select the point POINT0 on the
model as shown.
9. Click OK.
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10. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Define a new enforced displacement constraint in the model.
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from the Idealizations group.
11. Click Spring
The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
12. Complete the dialog box as shown, selecting the
specified points in the model.
13. Click OK.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints
2. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Select Points from the References drop-down
list.
4. Select the datum point as shown.
5. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation
6. Type 1.25 in the Y translation field.
7. Click OK.
Module 7 | Page 14
for the Y translation.
© 2012 PTC
Task 11:
Define a new static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run
2. Click Analyses and Studies
group. The Analyses and Design Studies dialog
box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis
Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as shown.
5. Click OK.
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.
Run
7. Click Yes in the Question dialog box.
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6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the new analysis and click Start
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to monitor the run. The Run Status dialog box appears.
8. Click Display Study Status
9. Review the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box after the run is complete.
Notice the maximum values for the stresses and deformations, and also check the
convergence of the solution.
10. In the Run Status dialog box, click Close.
11. In the Diagnostics dialog box, click Close.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 15
Task 12:
Create result window and inspect results.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis that just completed.
2. Click Results > Define Result Window. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
3. Create and review the following four result windows:
• Failure Index
• Maximum Displacement Magnitude Fringe Plot
• Maximum Principal Stress Fringe Plot
• Maximum Principal Stress Convergence Graph
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In the Creo Simulate Results window, click File > Exit Results.
Click No in the Message dialog box.
In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
Click File > Manage > Erase Current.
Click Yes in the dialog box.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Compare the new deformed shape with the ones evaluated before. Investigate
the deformed shape and stress distribution in the model and compare these to
the previous two results.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 7 | Page 16
© 2012 PTC
Exercise 3: Defining Constraints
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define Pin constraints in cylindrical holes.
• Use the three-point constraint rule for statically determinate constrained models.
• Use the Inertia Relief functionality as an alternate for those models.
• Review the stiffening effects of constraints and related errors.
Scenario
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In this example, you investigate the influence of the constraints and loads for an Aluminum tilt lever
subjected to a quasi-static bending load of 1500 N. The load is caused by steel rods placed with
some clearance inside of the cylindrical holes. You are interested in the lever’s stiffness and strength.
Simulate_Modeling\Constraints
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An accurate analysis of the stress state around the holes can be performed with a nonlinear contact
analysis of the complete assembly, taking into account the tolerances and stiffness (geometry and
material) of the steel rods. Since this is very resource- and time-consuming, you learn different
approximate solutions of how to constrain and load the part. You use these solutions to judge what
the best and worse loading condition may be in reality.
TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM.PRT
Define the pin constraints using predefined pin constraints.
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Creo Parametric users open TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS.PRT.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. In the Constraints group, click Pin Constraint
. The Pin Constraint dialog box appears.
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3. On the model, select the two larger holes as
shown.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 17
4. Validate that the axial translations and rotations
are set to free as shown.
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Axial translations are not fixed in the pin
constraint because this would prevent
the material at the hole surfaces from
shortening or expanding axially due to
Poisson’s effect (lateral strain effect).
This would artificially stiffen the lever,
especially at the central hole where the
bending moment is highest.
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5. Click OK.
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In the Constraints group, click Displacement . The Constraint dialog box appears.
Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
On the model, select PNT1.
In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the X and Y translations.
Click OK.
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8.
9.
10.
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6. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
Define the bearing load.
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Task 2:
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Simulate requires, in a static analysis, that the model is at least statically
determinate. It also may be redundantly constrained. To prevent the complete lever
from sliding along the bearing hole axes, one arbitrary point on the lever surface in
WCS Z-direction is constrained. Since there is no applied force in the Z-direction,
this cannot cause a singularity.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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. The Bearing Load dialog box appears.
2. In the Loads group, click Bearing
3. On the model, select a half surface of the small hole. Two surfaces are listed in the dialog box.
Module 7 | Page 18
© 2012 PTC
Mesh the model.
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4. In the Force section, type –1500 in the Y field.
The completed dialog box is shown.
5. Click OK.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Define and run the static analysis.
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2. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
3. Click Create. Note there are approximately 1500 solid elements created.
4. Click Close in all dialog boxes and No to the prompt to save the mesh.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type tilt_lever_pinconstrained.
• Select the constraint and load sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab and click Single Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 19
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis just defined and click
Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary file. Note the maximum values for
the most sought quantities (stresses and deformations). Close all dialog boxes and return to
the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Create result windows and inspect the results.
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Task 5:
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select tilt_lever_pinconstrained.
2. Select Results > Show Default Result Windows. Three default result windows appear:
• von Mises Stress Animation
• Displacement Magnitude Fringe
• Principal Stress Vectors
3. Review the following:
• Observe the movements and deformations of the lever in the animated results. The pin
constrained bearing holes can rotate, but they cannot deform in the constrained directions,
since these become infinitely stiff.
• In the principal stress vector plot, observe the non-realistic principal stress vector directions
at the two constrained holes. Since the real bearing rod can just carry forward compression
forces, there can be no tension stresses normal to the hole surfaces. In the outer big
bearing hole, observe that the vectors normal to the hole surface do not point down, but
are oriented towards the left side. The reason is that the idealized pin constraint fixes the
through rod within the hole in the WCS-X direction also, not only in Y.
• As a consequence, the stress near the constraints may be inaccurate.
Open the model to begin a three-point constraint modeling approach.
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Task 6:
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4. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
5. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
6. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase
the model from memory.
7. Click OK in the erase confirm prompt.
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This second method of analysis uses a three-point constraint method. The rule for
applying the three-point constraint is as follows:
• The points can be anywhere on the model surface, but are not allowed to be collinear.
• Fix the first point in all translational directions.
• Fix the second point in the two orthogonal directions relative to the axis through point
1 and point 2.
• Fix the third point normal to the surfaces through all points.
1. Open the file TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM.PRT.
Module 7 | Page 20
© 2012 PTC
Task 7:
Define the three-point constraints.
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1. On the model, locate points PNT0, PNT1, and
PNT2 as shown. Note they are not collinear.
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In the Constraints group, click Displacement . The Constraint dialog box appears.
In the Member of Set section, click New. The Constraint Set Definition dialog box appears.
In the Name field, type 3point.
Click OK to return to the Constraint dialog box.
Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
On the model, select PNT2.
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3.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
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2. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
for the X, Y, and Z translations. This is the first point
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9. In the Translation section, click Fixed
fixed in all translational directions.
10. Click OK.
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11. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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In the Constraints group, click Displacement . The Constraint dialog box appears.
Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
On the model, select PNT0.
In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the X translation. Verify that the Y
and Z translations are fixed. This is the second point fixed in the two orthogonal directions
relative to the axis through point 1 and point 2.
16. Click OK.
12.
13.
14.
15.
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17. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
In the Constraints group, click Displacement . The Constraint dialog box appears.
Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
On the model, select PNT1.
In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the X and Y translations. Verify that
the Z translation is fixed. This is the third point fixed normal to the surfaces through all points.
22. Click OK.
18.
19.
20.
21.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 21
Task 8:
Define the bearing loads.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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. The Bearing Load dialog box appears.
In the Loads group, click Bearing
In the Member of Set section, click New. The Load Set Definition dialog box appears.
In the Name field, type force_equilibrium.
Click OK to return to the Bearing Load dialog box.
On the model, select a half surface of the small hole. Two surfaces are listed in the dialog box.
In the Force section, type –1500 in the Y field.
Click OK.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
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9. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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. The Bearing Load dialog box appears.
10. In the Loads group, click Bearing
11. On the model, select a half surface of the middle hole. Two surfaces are listed in the dialog
box.
12. In the Force section, type 3152.81 in the Y field.
13. Click OK.
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14. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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. The Bearing Load dialog box appears.
15. In the Loads group, click Bearing
16. On the model, select a half surface of the remaining third hole. Two surfaces are listed in
the dialog box.
17. In the Force section, type –1652.81 in the Y field.
18. Click OK.
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19. To review the resultant load in the model, click the Loads group drop-down menu and select
Review Total Load. The Load Resultant dialog box appears.
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20. In the Loads section, click Select Reference .
21. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Load Set force_equilibrium. Select Load1,
Load2, and Load3.
22. In the Select dialog box, click OK.
23. In the Load Resultant dialog box, click Compute Load Resultant.
24. Note that all the Load Resultant values are approximately zero. This confirms the correct
values for the balanced bearing loads, and the fact the model is in equilibrium. Click OK.
Define and run the static analyses.
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Task 9:
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Define this first static analysis using the three-point constraint defined. Click File > New
Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
Module 7 | Page 22
© 2012 PTC
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type tilt_lever_3point.
• Select 3point/TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM in the Constraint
Set/Component section. De-select any other constraint set if required.
• Select force_equilibrium/TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM in the Load
Set/Component section. De-select any other load set if required.
• Click the Convergence tab and click Single Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis just defined and click
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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Start Run
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to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary file. Note the maximum values for
the most sought quantities (stresses and deformations). Also note that the resultant load is
zero. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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11. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, define a second static analysis using inertia
relief. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
12. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type tilt_lever_inertiarelief.
• Select Inertia Relief. Note the constraint sets are grayed out in the Constraints section.
• Select force_equilibrium/TILT_LEVER_CONSTRAINEFFECTS_SIM in the Load
Set/Component section. De-select any other load set if required.
• Click the Convergence tab and click Single Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
13. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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14. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
15. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
16. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis just defined and click
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Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
17. Click Display Study Status
18. Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary file. Note the maximum values for
the most sought quantities (stresses and deformations) and resultant load. Close all dialog
boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 23
Task 10:
Create result windows and inspect the results.
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1. Create three result windows displaying the von Mises stress using the following output folders:
• tilt_lever_pinconstrained
• tilt_lever_3point
• tilt_lever_inertiarelief
2. Review the following:
• Notice that the stiffening effect from the constraint is missing and observe significant higher
stress (+50%) around the central bearing hole. The completed bearing load is transferred
to the upper bearing hole half cylinder. Compare these results with the ones when we
used pin constraints.
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3. Create three additional result windows displaying the principal stress vectors using the
following output folders:
• tilt_lever_pinconstrained
• tilt_lever_3point
• tilt_lever_inertiarelief
4. Review the following:
• The stress results for the three-point constraint and inertia relief are the same.
• The principal stress vectors, especially in the central hole, look more reasonable for the
models analyzed in force equilibrium.
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5. Create three additional result windows displaying the displacement magnitude using the
following output folders:
• tilt_lever_pinconstrained
• tilt_lever_3point
• tilt_lever_inertiarelief
6. Compare the differences between them.
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7. Note the advantages and disadvantages of these methods:
• Cylindrical CSYS/Pin Constraints
– Easy and fast to create, especially the pin constraints. Suitable for redundantly
constrained structures where the external forces cannot be analyzed by hand without
taking into account the structural stiffness.
– Inaccurate results near the constraints. The constrained directions become
infinitesimally stiff.
• Three-point
– Resultant load in the report file enables checking that the force balance was correct.
– Also, “hot spot” check at the point constraints enables furthermore checking free
moments, even if the force balance is correct.
– Defined Zero point for displacements.
– Tedious and long operation to define the point constraints.
• Inertia Relief
– Easy and fast to create (no constraint definition necessary).
– Just the force balance can be checked. A free moment is difficult to control since no
“hot spots” appear (no constraints prevent the part deformation from a free moment,
balanced with rotational acceleration).
– No defined “Zero”-point for displacements.
Module 7 | Page 24
© 2012 PTC
8. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
10. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase
the model from memory.
11. Click OK in the erase confirm prompt.
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This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 7 | Page 25
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Module 7 | Page 26
© 2012 PTC
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Module 8
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Interfaces, Assemblies, and Measures
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Reviewing Interfaces
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define constraints.
• Define a temperature load.
• Define an interface.
• Define and run an analysis.
• Create a result window.
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Scenario
In this exercise you investigate the deformations on the welded joint shown, after it has been cooled
down to 100° K. You also find the vertical reaction force at the stamp.
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The model is an assembly of components connected together with no offsets. The surfaces are
connected; therefore, common finite element nodes should be expected where the parts are
touching.
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In this exercise only one eighth of the model is used. The loads, materials, and constraints are
symmetrical.
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WELDED_JOINT_B
Investigate the model properties.
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Task 1:
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Simulate_Modeling\Constraints
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1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click ALUMINUM and select Edit Definition.
The Material Definition dialog box appears.
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus (E) and Poisson’s Ratio. You are defining a
temperature change in the model, so ensure that the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion has
been defined. Click Ok to close the Material Definition dialog box.
Module 8 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
Task 2:
Define the constraints.
Since the model has been cut due to symmetry, you must constrain the surfaces to simulate
the missing geometry. You must also define the Creo Simulate constraints to simulate
how the structure is constrained.
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Define the symmetry constraints. These
constraints are a combination of mirror and
surface constraints simulating the missing
geometry. All these constraints are part
of the same set acting together on the
structure.
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4. The three surfaces are listed in the selection
section in the dialog box as shown. Click OK.
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. The Symmetry
and select Symmetry
Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the three surfaces
shown.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click the Constraints group drop-down menu
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5. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints
6. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
7. Press CTRL and select the three surfaces
shown. The three surfaces are displayed in the
selection section.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 3
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8. Complete the remaining sections in the dialog
box as shown.
9. Click OK to close the Constraint dialog box.
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10. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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13. Complete the remaining sections in the dialog
box as shown.
14. Click OK to close the Constraint dialog box.
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from the Constraints
11. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
12. Select the surface shown. The surface is
displayed in the selection section.
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15. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints
16. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
17. Select the surface shown. The surface is
displayed in the selection section.
18. Complete the remaining sections in the dialog
box as shown.
19. Click OK to close the Constraint dialog box.
Module 8 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
Task 3:
Mesh the model.
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from the
2. Select Maximum Element Size
Control Types drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Maximum Element Size Control
dialog box appears.
3. In the References section, select Components
from the drop-down menu.
4. In the model tree, press CTRL and select
PLATE.PRT and STAMP.PRT.
5. Type 15 in the Element Size field.
6. Click OK.
from the AutoGEM group.
7. Click AutoGEM
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
8. Click Create. The mesh is created as shown.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Task 4:
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9. Inspect the mesh and note that common nodes are created where surfaces of the parts
involved are touching.
10. Click Close in all dialog boxes to return to the AutoGEM dialog box.
11. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close.
12. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
Define the temperature load.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Loads group. The Structural Temperature Load dialog box
2. Click Temperature
appears.
3. In the model tree, select WELDED_JOINT_B.ASM. This will apply the load to the entire
system.
4. Complete the remainder of the dialog box as follows:
• In the Spatial Variation field, keep the default selection, Uniform.
• In the Value field, type 0.
• In the Reference Temperature field, type 100.
5. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 5
Task 5:
Define the resultant force measure.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
Define and run a static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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2. Click Measures
from the Run group. The
Measures dialog box appears.
3. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box
appears.
4. Complete the Measure Definition dialog box as
shown. After selecting Surfaces in the Spatial
Evaluation section, click Select Reference
and select Surf:F8(REVOLVE_1):STAMP in the
model.
5. Click OK to return to the Measures dialog box.
6. Click Close.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
4. Type Welded_Joint in the Name field. Keep all other default settings.
5. Click OK.
.
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6. Select the Analysis just defined, Welded_Joint, and click Start Run
7. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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8. Click Display Study Status
to monitor the progress of the analysis.
9. Inspect the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box. Identify the maximum
displacement magnitude. Also, in the summary file, identify the resultant measure defined,
Reaction_Y.
10. In the Run Status dialog box, click Close.
11. In the Diagnostics dialog box, click Close.
Module 8 | Page 6
© 2012 PTC
Task 7:
Create the result window and inspect results.
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1. Click Results > Define Result Window. The
Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the dialog box as shown to display
the fringe plot for the maximum displacement
magnitude.
3. Click OK and Show.
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4. Review the plot. Examine the deformation and
notice that the plates are bonded throughout the
entire geometry.
Define the free interface connection.
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Task 8:
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5. Click File > Exit Results.
6. Click No when prompted to save the current results window.
7. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
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In the previous tasks you have assumed that the plates are fully bonded where they are
mated together. In reality, only the weld is holding the plates together. The stamp and the
plate are allowed to separate since these are only connected at the weld.
In the next tasks, you break this bonded interface, re-mesh the model, and observe that
common nodes are no longer created where the faces are mated together. Also, you
inspect the new results when the parts are allowed to separate. All the other previously
defined settings remain the same.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Connections group.
2. Click Interface
The Interface Definition dialog box appears.
3. Complete the dialog box as shown. For the two
surface references, in any order, select the top
surface of PLATE.PRT and the bottom surface
of STAMP.PRT.
4. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 7
Task 9:
Re-mesh the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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2. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
3. Click Create. The mesh is created as shown.
Define and run a new static analysis.
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4. Inspect the mesh and note that no common nodes are created where surfaces of the parts
involved are sharing a free interface connection. There are common nodes everywhere else.
5. Click Close in all dialog boxes to return to the AutoGEM dialog box.
6. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close.
7. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
4. Type Welded_Joint_Free in the Name field. Keep all other default settings.
5. Click OK.
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6. Select the Analysis just defined and click Start Run
7. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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to monitor the progress of the analysis.
8. Click Display Study Status
9. Inspect the information displayed in the Run Status dialog box. Identify the maximum
displacement magnitude. Also, in the summary file, identify the resultant measure defined,
Reaction_Y.
10. In the Run Status dialog box, click Close.
11. In the Diagnostics dialog box, click Close.
Module 8 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
Task 11:
Create the result window and inspect results.
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1. Click Results > Define Result Window. The
Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Select the Quantity tab. Complete the dialog
box as shown.
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3. Select the Display Options tab. Complete the following:
• Select Deformed.
4. Click OK and Show.
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Click File > Exit Results.
Click No when prompted to save the current results window.
In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current.
Click OK in response to the Erase Confirm prompt.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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5. Review the plot. Examine the deformation and
notice that the plates are held together by the
weld.
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This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 9
Exercise 2: Using Measures
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Prepare a model for measures specification.
• Create resultant and moment measures.
• Create displacement measures.
• Create computed measures.
• Create stress evaluation measures.
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Scenario
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In this exercise you examine some of the capabilities in Creo Simulate that allow user-defined
evaluations of stresses, deformations, or other quantities at certain locations in the model. These
may be quantities that are not maximum or minimum throughout the model, but only at specific
locations.
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Simulate_Modeling\Measures
MEASURE_CLIP_B.PRT
Investigate the model properties.
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In this exercise you examine a plastic clip subjected to a unit load. You are interested in finding
reaction forces at supports, as well as shear forces and moments along the length of the clip and
stresses at critical areas in the model. In addition, you are interested in finding the spring force and
energy stored in the model when it is loaded. In order to accomplish this, you make use of the
Measure feature in Creo Simulate.
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1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click THERMOPLAST_LIGHTGREY_RAL_7035
and select Edit Definition. The Material Definition dialog box appears.
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus (E) and Poisson’s Ratio. Click Ok to close the
Material Definition dialog box.
5. Review the unit surface load that has been defined in the model, causing the clip to bend.
The constraints are defined to simulate that bolts are holding the clip. The bolts are not
actually defined in the model; rather, the constraints in the model simulate that the bolt
hole surfaces are not deforming.
Prepare the model for measure specification by creating a volume region simulation feature and a datum point.
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Task 2:
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Volume Region
2. Select Extrude
drop-down menu in the Regions group. The
Volume Region dashboard appears.
3. Select the Placement tab.
4. Click Define. The Sketch dialog box appears.
5. Select the surface shown in the model.
6. Click Sketch.
Module 8 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
7. In the ribbon, select the Sketch tab.
in the Setup group to
8. Click Sketch View
orient the sketch plane.
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12. Select Corner Rectangle
from the Rectangle
types drop-down menu in the Sketching group.
13. Sketch a rectangle and dimension it as shown.
to complete the sketch and return to
14. Click OK
the Volume Region dashboard.
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9. Click References
in the Setup group. The
References dialog box appears.
10. On the model, select the references for the
sketch geometry as shown. Delete any unused
references that are listed.
11. In the References dialog box, click Close.
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15. Select Through All
from the depth drop-down menu.
16. Click Apply-Save Changes .
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17. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Datum group. The
18. Click Point
Datum Point dialog box appears.
19. Select the surface shown in the model.
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The point you create in the model
does not have to be a hard point (a
finite element node), but it must reside
on the geometry. You can also place
measures inside the geometry, but
those must be created on references
such as edges of Volume Regions.
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20. Enable Plane Display
.
21. In the Datum Point dialog box, click in the Offset
references field.
22. Press CTRL and select the Front_XY datum
plane and the edge, as shown.
23. In the Datum Point dialog box, in the Offset references section, type 0.0 for the Front offset
reference, and 1.50 for the edge offset reference.
24. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 11
Task 3:
Create a resultant and moment measure.
These measures evaluate the reaction force at the constraints. Four measures are created
for each reaction direction.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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2. Click Measures
from the Run group. The Measures dialog box appears.
3. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the Measure Definition dialog box as
shown. In the Spatial Evaluation section, click
Select Reference and select Constraint1 in
the model tree.
5. Click OK. Do not close the Measures dialog box.
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6. Using the previous steps, create an X force
measure for each of the remaining three
constraints.
7. Using the previous steps, create a Y and Z
direction force measure for all four constraints.
Maintain the same naming convention. There
are a total of 12 measures. Do not close the
Measures dialog box.
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You can make use of Copy in the
Measure dialog box to create these
measures.
Module 8 | Page 12
© 2012 PTC
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8. In the Measures dialog box, click New. The
Measure Definition dialog box appears.
9. Complete the Measure Definition dialog box as
shown. After selecting Surfaces in the Spatial
Evaluation section, click Select Reference
and select the surface generated by creating the
volume region, as shown in the model.
10. Click OK.
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11. Using the previous steps, create an X force measure at the same location. Do not close
the Measure dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 13
12. Define a resultant for measure at the 8 mm
offset from the supports. In the Measure dialog
box, click New.
13. Complete the Measure Definition dialog box as
shown. After selecting Surfaces in the Spatial
Evaluation section, complete the following:
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to select the
• Click Select Reference
surface generated by creating the volume
region, as in the previous step.
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• In the Point section, click Select Reference
to select the point, as shown in the figure.
14. Click OK. Do not close the Measures dialog box.
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15. Using the previous steps, create another
moment measure at the same location, but using
a different point for Spacial Evaluation as shown.
Do not close the Measures dialog box.
Module 8 | Page 14
© 2012 PTC
Task 4:
Create a displacement measure.
Create a computed measure.
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1. In the Measures dialog box, click New. The
Measure Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the fields as shown. The point
selected is the datum point created in a previous
task.
3. Click OK. Do not close the Measures dialog box.
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1. In the Measures dialog box, click New. The
Measure Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the dialog box as shown.
3. Click OK. Do not close the Measures dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 15
Task 6:
Create stress evaluation measures.
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1. In the Measures dialog box, click New. The
Measure Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the Measure Definition dialog box
as shown. After selecting Over Selected
Geometry in the Spatial Evaluation section,
click Select Reference and select the surface
generated by creating the volume region, as
shown in the model.
3. Click OK. Do not close the Measures dialog box.
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4. Using the previous steps, create another stress evaluation measure. Evaluate the Minimum
Principal Stress over the fillet opposite the one just selected.
5. In the Measures dialog box, click Close.
Module 8 | Page 16
© 2012 PTC
Task 7:
Investigate the measures as output from a static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
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3. Select the study that is already defined. Click Start Run
4. Click Yes to run the interactive diagnostics.
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to monitor the run.
5. Click Display Study Status
6. In the Run Status dialog box, identify the list of default measures reported by Creo Simulate
(minimum or maximum quantities) and the list of your defined measures. Since the load
does not vary with time or frequency, only single values are reported for the measures you
have created.
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Measures can also be used as quantities on which the solution can converge. In
any Multi-Pass Adaptive Analyses dialog box, select the Measures radio button and
select any default or user-defined measures.
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7. In the Run Status dialog box, click Close.
8. In the Diagnostics window, click Close.
9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
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This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 8 | Page 17
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Module 8 | Page 18
© 2012 PTC
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Meshing
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Module 9
© 2012 PTC
Module 9 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Using AutoGEM Settings — Meshing a Part
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Mesh a model using the AutoGEM tool.
• Create a volume region for mesh refinement.
• Create a surface region for mesh refinement.
• Create curves and points for mesh refinement.
• Create AutoGEM controls driven by model curvature.
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Scenario
In this exercise, you explore additional meshing capabilities in Creo Simulate. You make use of
an imported data file, a STEP file.
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Open and investigate the geometry model.
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Click File > Open. The File Open dialog box appears.
Select STEP (.stp, .step) from the Type drop-down list.
Select meshing.stp and click Open. The Import New Model dialog box appears.
Keep all the default settings and click OK. The geometry is displayed in the window.
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2.
3.
4.
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Task 1:
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You adjust some AutoGEM settings and controls. Other options are used and explained throughout
and all can be applied to any type of geometry (imported or created in Creo Parametric). Also, you
create additional geometry simulation features (such as curves and points) and make use of these
when creating elements using the AutoGEM tool.
5. In the ribbon, select the Inspect tab.
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6. Select Volume
from the Measure Type’s
drop-down menu in the Measure group. The
Measure:Volume dialog box appears.
7. In the Measure:Volume dialog box, click
the drop-down arrow to expand the Results
Layout. The model volume is reported in the
Measure:Volume dialog box as shown.
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If Solid Geometry is selected and only
surfaces are available in the model, no
volume is reported.
8. Close the Measure:Volume dialog box.
Module 9 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
Task 2:
Assign material properties to the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Materials group. The Materials dialog box appears.
2. Click Materials
3. Select brass.mtl from the materials list and click Add Material
4. Click OK.
.
Add a mesh to the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Create a volume region for mesh refinement.
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2. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
3. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown.
4. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click
Close.
5. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box,
click Close.
6. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click
No when prompted to save the mesh.
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5. Click Material Assignment
from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
box appears.
6. Verify that Part:MESHING is listed in the References section, and BRASS is listed as the
material in the Properties section.
7. Click OK.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Volume Region
2. Click Extrude
drop-down menu in the Regions group. The
Volume Region dashboard appears.
3. Select the Placement tab.
4. Click Define. The Sketch dialog box appears.
5. Select the surface shown in the model.
6. Click Sketch.
© 2012 PTC
Module 9 | Page 3
7. In the ribbon, select the Sketch tab.
from the Setup group to
8. Click Sketch View
orient the sketch plane.
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14. Click Through All
.
15. Click Apply-Save Changes
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9. Click References
from the Setup group.
The References dialog box appears.
10. Select the edge of the hole as a reference for
the geometry that will be sketched.
11. Click Close.
12. Sketch a circle with a 5.0 mm diameter centered
on the hole as shown.
to return to the Volume Region
13. Click OK
dashboard.
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16. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
17. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
18. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown. Note the
distribution of the elements around the hole.
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The virtual boundary of the volume region is now part of the model and therefore nodes
are forced to be created using this boundary. Also, notice that the back of the model
(where the other boundary of the volume region is) is meshed, too.
Create a surface region for mesh refinement.
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Task 5:
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19. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
20. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
21. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Regions
2. Click Surface Region
group. The Surface Region dashboard appears.
3. Select the References tab.
4. In the Sketch section, click Define. The Sketch
dialog box appears.
5. Select the surface shown in the model.
6. Click Sketch.
Module 9 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
7. In the ribbon, select the Sketch tab.
from the Setup group to
8. Click Sketch View
orient the sketch plane.
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14. Select the surface shown in the model.
15. Click Apply-Save Changes .
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9. Click References
from the Setup group.
The References dialog box appears.
10. Select the edge of the hole as a reference for
the geometry that will be sketched.
11. Click Close.
12. Sketch a circle with a 7.5 mm diameter centered
on the hole as shown.
to return to the Surface Region
13. Click OK
dashboard.
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16. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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17. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
18. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown. Note the
distribution of the elements around the hole.
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The virtual boundary of the surface region is now part of the model and therefore nodes
are forced to be created using this boundary. Now, the back of the model is not meshed.
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19. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
20. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
21. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
Task 6:
Create curves and points for mesh refinement.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Datum group. The
2. Click Sketch
Sketch dialog box appears.
3. Select the surface shown in the model.
© 2012 PTC
Module 9 | Page 5
4. Using the default orientation, in the Sketch dialog box, click Sketch.
5. Click Sketch View
6. Click References
from the Setup group to orient the sketch plane.
from the Setup group. The References dialog box appears.
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7. Select the edges shown as a reference for the
geometry that will be sketched.
8. Click Close.
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12. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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9. Click Line Chain
from the Sketching group.
10. Sketch a line and dimension it with respect to
the CSYS reference as shown.
to complete the sketch.
11. Click OK
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13. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
14. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown.
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Note that the curve does not participate in the mesh. There are no nodes to and from
the curve.
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15. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
16. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
17. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
18. Click Maximum Element Size
and select Hard Curve
.
19. The Hard Curve Control dialog box appears. On the model, select the curve just created.
20. Click OK.
Module 9 | Page 6
© 2012 PTC
21. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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22. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
23. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown.
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Note that the curve does participate in the mesh. Nodes are generated and reside on the
curve. Also notice the change in the finite element count.
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27. Click Point
from the Datum group. The
Datum Point dialog box appears.
28. Place three points along the edge as shown.
Dimension these points at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75
based on default length ratio dimensioning.
29. Click OK.
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24. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
25. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
26. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
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30. Click Maximum Element Size
and select Hard Point
31. The Hard Point Control dialog box appears. In the References section, select Feature.
32. Select any one of the three datum points just created. All three will be selected since they are
part of the same feature. One datum point feature appears in the selection section.
33. Click OK.
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34. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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35. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
36. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown.
Note the distribution of the elements that are using the datum points created as a node.
Also notice the change in the finite element count.
37. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
38. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
39. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
© 2012 PTC
Module 9 | Page 7
Task 7:
Create AutoGEM controls driven by model curvature.
1. Click Maximum Element Size
and select Edge Length by Curvature
.
2. The Edge Length by Curvature Control dialog box appears. In the Edge Length/Radius
of Curvature ratio field, type 0.7.
3. Click OK.
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4. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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5. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
6. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown.
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Note the change in the finite element count.
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7. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
8. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
9. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
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10. In the model tree, expand AutoGEM Controls.
11. Right-click AutoGEMControl3 and select Edit Definition.
12. The Edge Length by Curvature dialog box appears. Select the Ignore Radius of Curvature
below check box, and type 0.51 in the field. Select mm from the Units drop-down list.
13. Click OK.
14. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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15. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
16. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown.
Note the change in the finite element count and distribution.
17. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
18. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
19. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
This completes the exercise.
Module 9 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
Exercise 2: Using AutoGEM Settings — Mixed Meshes
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Create a mixed mesh using solid and shell elements.
Scenario
Close Window
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In this exercise, you explore some of the meshing capabilities using Creo Simulate.
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MESHING_SIMULATE.PRT
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Simulate_Modeling\MixedMeshes
Create a volume region.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Volume Region
2. Click Extrude
drop-down menu in the Regions group. The
Volume Region dashboard appears.
3. Select the Placement tab.
4. Click Define. The Sketch dialog box appears.
5. Select the surface shown in the model.
6. Click Sketch.
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Creo Parametric users open MESHING.PRT
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7. In the ribbon, select the Sketch tab.
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from the Setup group to
8. Click Sketch View
orient the sketch plane.
9. Sketch a circle with a 25.0 mm diameter
centered on the hole as shown.
to return to the Volume Region
10. Click OK
dashboard.
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and type 65.0 in the
11. Click Specified Depth
field.
12. Click Apply-Save Changes .
© 2012 PTC
Module 9 | Page 9
Task 2:
Create the shell pair.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. Click Shell Pair > Detect Shell Pairs from the Shell Pair drop-down menu in the Idealizations
group. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box appears.
3. Verify Use Geometry Analysis is selected.
4. Type 1.0 in the Characteristic Thickness field.
5. Click Start. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box closes.
6. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note that there are three shell pairs
listed. Select each shell pair to highlight it in the model.
7. Right-click ShellPair1 and select Delete. Click Yes in the Confirmation dialog box.
Task 3:
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8. Click Review Geometry
from the AutoGEM
group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
appears.
9. Review that the shell surfaces were paired
successfully. Note the color green is assigned
by default in Creo Simulate for all the Shell
Surfaces found in the model. Light gray color
has been allocated to the Solid Surfaces. You
can change the color by clicking Change Color
.
10. Click Apply. Note the mid-plane compression in
the model, as shown.
11. Click Close.
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This shell pair needs to be deleted because we want to account for uniform thickness
in the stress evaluation.
Apply a mesh to the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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2. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
3. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown. Note the
magenta lines connecting the Shells to the
Solids. These are links automatically created
by default in Creo Simulate when Solid and
Shell elements are connected. They account
for rotational coupling between these types of
elements.
Since the Solid elements do not have
degrees of freedom enabling them
to rotate, and since Shells have all
available translation and rotation
degrees of freedom, the software uses
these links to properly transfer the
deformations from Shells to Solids.
Module 9 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
4. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
5. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
6. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
Task 4:
Apply a new mesh using new AutoGEM settings.
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1. Select Settings from the AutoGEM drop-down
menu in the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM
Settings dialog box appears. On the Settings
tab, select Create Links Where Needed.
2. Select the Limits tab. Complete the fields as
shown.
3. Click OK.
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4. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
5. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
The model is meshed as shown. Note the
magenta lines connecting the Shells to the
Solids. These are links automatically created
by default in Creo Simulate when Solid and
Shell elements are connected. They account
for rotational coupling between these types of
elements.
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Since the Solid elements do not have
degrees of freedom enabling them
to rotate, and since Shells have all
available translation and rotation
degrees of freedom, the software uses
these links to properly transfer the
deformations from Shells to Solids.
6. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
7. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
8. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
© 2012 PTC
Module 9 | Page 11
Task 5:
Adjust the AutoGEM settings to eliminate the solid shell links.
1. Select Settings from the AutoGEM drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM
Settings dialog box appears.
2. Select the Settings tab. Uncheck Create Links Where Needed.
3. Click OK.
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4. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
5. Keep all the default settings and click Create.
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There are no more magenta links
between the elements. You have
induced hinges between the elements.
If a load is acting on this component,
it may cause the regions modeled
using Shells elements to pivot where
connected to the Solid elements.
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6. In the AutoGEM Summary dialog box, click Close.
7. In the Diagnostics:AutoGEM Mesh dialog box, click Close.
8. In the AutoGEM dialog box, click Close. Click No when prompted to save the mesh.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 9 | Page 12
© 2012 PTC
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More Analysis Types
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Module 10
© 2012 PTC
Module 10 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Using Modal Analysis
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define and run a modal analysis.
Scenario
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In this exercise, you set up a simulation model for a folding tray table. The goal is to identify the
mode shapes and frequency values as output from a modal analysis. The model is made of steel
and PVC and is analyzed in its functional position.
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In this exercise, the folding tray is constrained to a fixed reference, a wall, at the bracket
locations. The clamping yoke is allowed to rotate at the supports to accommodate folding. None
of the components of this folding tray idealization are actually bonded; they are allowed to
rotate independently. Therefore, a Free instead of the default Bonded interface is defined. The
components are connected at their direct contact (for example, between the clamping yoke and the
brackets or between the yoke and the table). Therefore, a combination of the Spring and Weighted
Link idealizations is used to simulate this type of interaction.
Simulate_Analysis\ModalAnalysis
FOLDING_TABLE_SIMULATE.ASM
Investigate the model properties.
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Only some of the simulation features are defined, some of the Spring and Weighted Link
idealizations. There are no loads in a Modal Analysis. You define some of the remaining Spring
idealization properties, and the connections between these Spring idealizations and the surfaces of
the brackets. Also, you define the constraints and assign material properties.
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1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
3. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Constraint Set ConstraintSet1.
Right-click Constraint1 and select Edit Definition. The Constraint dialog box appears.
4. Review the constraints defined and notice that the constraint is defined to the surfaces of
the brackets that are bolted to the fixed reference. Click Cancel to close the Constraint
dialog box.
5. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Springs. Right-click Spring1 and select Edit
Definition. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
6. Review the spring defined and notice that the spring is defined between two collinear points
in the same part. Defining the Spring in the same part instead of connecting it to other
parts is a valid solution. We are going to use this simulation because we want the Spring to
actually impose the rotation we are looking for between the YOKE.PRT and BRACKET.PRT.
In the Properties section, click More.
7. The Spring Properties dialog box appears. Select all_trans_fixed and click Edit.
8. The Spring Property Definition dialog box appears. Note there is a high translational stiffness
set; therefore, the spring is not allowed to translate. There is no torsional stiffness set;
therefore, the spring is allowed to rotate. Click OK to close all dialog boxes.
9. In the model tree, expand Connections and Weighted Links. Right-click WeightedLink5
and select Edit Definition. The Weighted Link Definition dialog box appears.
10. Note the references used to define this weighted link. Two surfaces from JOINT_AXIS.PRT
pin component and the end point on BRACKET.PRT are used as references. The point on
the bracket is the same on that the spring idealization reviewed is connected. Also note that
all the translation degrees of freedom are enabled. Click OK to close the dialog box.
Module 10 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
Task 2:
Define a free interface between all components in the assembly.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Set Up group. The Model Setup dialog box appears.
2. Click Model Setup
3. Select Free from the Default Interface drop-down list.
4. Click OK.
Define the materials for the components in the assembly.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Materials group. The Materials dialog box appears.
.
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3. Select ss.mtl from the Materials list and click Add Material
4. Select pvc.mtl from the Materials list and click Add Material
5. Click OK.
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2. Click Materials
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It is always a good practice to know the properties of the materials you are using
independent of their source (default or customized library). You can do this by
right-clicking in a material in the Materials list and selecting Properties.
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6. Click Material Assignment
from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
box appears.
7. Press CTRL and from the model tree select JOINT_AXIS.PRT and CLAMPING_YOKE.PRT.
8. In the Properties section, select SS from the Material drop-down list, and verify that (None)
is selected in the Material Orientation field.
9. Click OK.
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from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
10. Click Material Assignment
box appears.
11. Press CTRL and from the model tree select DESK_PLATE.PRT and both BRACKET.PRT
components.
12. In the Properties section, select PVC from the Material drop-down list, and verify that (None)
is selected in the Material Orientation field.
13. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 10 | Page 3
Task 4:
Define and run the modal analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Modal. The Modal Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the dialog box as follows:
• In the Name field, type desk_modal.
• Verify that With rigid mode search is not selected.
• Select the Modes tab. Type 6 in the Number of Modes field.
• Select the Output tab. Deselect all boxes in the Calculate section.
• Type 2 in the Plotting Grid field.
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turn off any extra computations and lower the default setting for the Plotting Grid.
This eliminates the use of extra disk space or RAM resources, and the simulation
run is faster.
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• Select the Convergence tab. Select Single-Pass Adaptive in the Method field.
5. Click OK.
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6. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select desk_modal and click Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
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7. Click Display Study Status
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Note that the Modal Analysis has failed. In the summary report, Creo Simulate
specifies the reason for the failure. The reason is that the folding tray has a rigid
body mode. In other words, it can freely move without deformations. That is true
considering the connections defined between the components.
8. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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9. Right-click desk_modal and select Edit. The Modal Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
10. Complete the dialog box as follows:
• Select With rigid mode search.
• Keep all other settings the same.
11. Click OK.
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12. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select desk_modal and click Start Run
Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics and to remove existing files, if required.
13. Click Display Study Status
.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
Notice in the summary report the frequency values for each of the modes. Notice
the frequency of the rigid mode (Mode 1). This is reported since you have turned on
the option to search for the rigid mode.
14. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Module 10 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
Task 5:
Create result window and investigate results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select desk_modal.
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. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
3. Complete the following:
• Type Mode_2 in the Name field.
• Type Deformed Shape at Mode 2 in the Title field.
• Select Mode2 from the list of modes. Deselect any other mode.
• Select the Quantity tab. Verify that Displacement and Magnitude are selected.
• Select the Display Options tab.
• Select Deformed and Overlay Undeformed.
• Type 25 in the Scaling field.
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4. Click OK and Show.
5. Repeat this operation for other modes and
inspect the results.
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6. When complete, click File > Exit Results to return to the Creo Simulate window. Click No
to the prompt to save the results window.
7. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
8. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current.
9. Click OK in the erase confirm prompt.
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This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 10 | Page 5
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© 2012 PTC
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Singularities
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Module 11
© 2012 PTC
Module 11 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Treating Singularities
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define Isolate for Exclusion AutoGEM controls (IEAC).
Scenario
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In the first study, you define Isolate for Exclusion AutoGEM Controls (IEAC) feature of the AutoGEM
tools. This enables you to control the quality of the solution using singular location isolations. In the
second study, you use an improved simulation model both from loads as well as geometry. In this
case, you identify the new loading and constraint conditions by comparing it to the original model.
This new approach is used to showcase that simply having access to the IEAC tools does not
automatically fix the solution: the Creo Simulate solution.
Sim-Modeling\IEAC
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FRICTION_GEAR_SHAFT_S1_SIMULATE.PRT
Define IEAC.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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Creo Parametric users open FRICTION_GEAR_SHAFT_S1.PRT.
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from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group.
2. Select Isolate for Exclusion
The Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog box appears.
3. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select PNT0. Complete the following
fields:
• Select Maximum Element Size from the Isolation for Solids drop-down menu.
• Type 30 in the Maximum Element Size field.
• Select Exclude.
4. In the Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog box, click OK.
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5. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the
6. Select Isolate for Exclusion
Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog
box appears.
7. Press CTRL and select both curves used as
reference for the load application as shown.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Select Maximum Element Size from the Isolation for Solids drop-down menu.
Type 30 in the Maximum Element Size field.
Select Exclude.
In the Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog box, click OK.
Module 11 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
12. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Task 2:
Define and run the static analysis for the model.
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Select Maximum Element Size from the Isolation for Solids drop-down menu.
Type 20 in the Maximum Element Size field.
Select Exclude.
In the Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog box, click OK.
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16.
17.
18.
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from the
13. Select Isolate for Exclusion
Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Isolate for Exclusion Control dialog
box appears.
14. Press CTRL and select the edges in the model
at changes in the profile as shown.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type friction_gear_MPA_excl.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab and select Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• In the Percent Convergence field, type 8.
• In the Polynomial Order section, type 1 in the Minimum field, and type 9 in the Maximum
field.
• Verify that Local Displacement, Local Strain Energy and Global RMS Stress is selected.
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Click the Excluded Elements tab and select Exclude Elements.
• In the Ignore section, select Stresses and Displacements.
• In the Limit section, select Polynomial Order and type 2 in the associated field.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select friction_gear_MPA_excl and click
Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
9. Click Display Study Status
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
In the summary report, notice that the convergence is satisfied. This is possible
because of the IEAC controls added to the model.
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 11 | Page 3
Task 3:
Open and use an improved simulation model to eliminate the stress singularities in
the static analysis.
1. Open the Creo Simulate part file FRICTION_GEAR_SHAFT_S2_SIMULATE.PRT.
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Note that the load’s references have been changed and are defined to surfaces
instead of curves. The constraints are defined using Spring and Weighted Link
elements. Both new approaches eliminate the stress singularities. Therefore, IEAC
controls are no longer needed. The quality of the results improves as well. Also,
fillets are added in the model to alleviate the high stresses in the locations found to
be problematic earlier.
2. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
3. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
4. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
5. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type friction_gear_MPA_IMP.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab and select Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• In the Percent Convergence field, type 8.
• In the Polynomial Order section, type 1 in the Minimum field, and type 9 in the Maximum
field.
• Verify that Local Displacement, Local Strain Energy and Global RMS Stress is selected.
6. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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7. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
8. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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Start Run
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9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select friction_gear_MPA_IMP and click
10. Click Display Study Status
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
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In the summary report, notice that now the solution is fully converged without having
to exclude any elements. Also notice that the values for most of the output are
different.
11. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Creo Simulate window.
This completes the exercise.
Module 11 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
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Module 13
© 2012 PTC
Module 13 | Page 1
Exercise 1: The Journeyman’s Piece (CHALLENGE)
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Optimize the shape of a lever to minimize its mass while still ensuring its strength.
Scenario
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It is your task to optimize the shape of a lever to minimize its mass while still ensuring its strength.
You have two alternative material options, Aluminum or Steel.
The maximum envelope and the loading conditions are shown in the figure below.
At the hole location, a very stiff bolt is mounted to transfer the force.
You are free to design the part within this given envelope. Just the surface/location where you
have to constrain the part and where the force is applied is not to be modified.
• The overall dimensions of the surface to be constrained may be minimized within the given
envelope. The same is the requirement for the axis hole.
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In this example, the loads and constraints are already defined in the model. Your investigation
should be around adjusting the mesh, assigning the materials in the model, and examining the
results when small deformation versus large deformation theory is used.
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Envelope Dimensions of the Installation Space For the Lever
Simulate_Analysis\Journeyman
Constrain the part and apply the load.
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Task 1:
JOURNEYMAN.PRT
1. Open the part model and examine the current
dimensions.
2. Constrain the model and apply a bearing load of
15 kN at an angle of 13° as shown.
Module 13 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
Task 2:
Define a material for the model.
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1. Assign either steel or aluminum to the model.
• Steel Properties:
– Modulus of Elasticity: 200000 MPa
– Poisson’s Ratio: 0.3
– Density: 7.8 g/cm3
– Yield Strength: 400 N/mm2
• Aluminum Properties:
– Modulus of Elasticity: 70000 MPa
– Poisson’s Ratio: 0.3
– Density: 2.8 g/cm3
– Yield Strength: 130 N/mm2
Define and run a static analysis and investigate the results.
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The failure criterion for both materials is Distortion Energy (von Mises stress). No
safety factor is required in this exercise.
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1. Define a static analysis. Use the Single-Pass Adaptive (SPA) convergence algorithm.
2. Investigate the results and look for critical areas. If necessary, modify the model in Creo
Parametric and re-run the model iteratively. A solution is achieved when the failure index is
less than or equal to 1 and you are satisfied with the design dimensions.
Suggested best practices.
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There is a maximum von Mises stress of nearly 70 MPa if you run the envelope part
geometry made of Steel using the SPA algorithm. Note this is a singular stress
near the constraint. The mass is close to 20.7 kg. The best solutions found should
reach a mass lower than 0.5 kg.
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1. Solve the task by designing the part in such a way that you are designing for a failure index
of 1. Think about what type of loading (tension, compression, bending, torsion, and so
forth) may lead to reaching this optimum.
2. Avoid thinking how a real-life lever usually looks like in order to have a good conceptual
design start of your model. Keep in mind that an incorrect initial design may limit the success
of any subsequent mass reduction.
3. Add material where stresses are high, and reduce material where no stress loading is evident.
4. There is no requirement for lever stiffness.
© 2012 PTC
Module 13 | Page 3
Task 5:
Example solutions.
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2. An unusual solution is shown in the von Mises
fringe plot shown in the figure. Since pure
tension is ideal to fully utilize the material’s
strength, the lever is subdivided into two different
areas – one looking like a sling to have ideal
tension, the other like a classical straight, but
very short bending loaded lever. Note that ideal
tension is the optimum stress state to reach
a high material utilization. This results in a
significant decrease of mass.
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1. A real-life approach to the Journeyman’s piece
may typically look like the part shown. It’s an
ordinary Aluminum milling design commonly
designed in the aerospace industry.
The cross-sections used are a T and a double
T profiles. The design is in bending and heavily
loaded near the constraint. There is a top and
a bottom belt with a massive wall of increasing
thickness in between to transfer the shear load.
Note that the T-section is not exactly in line with
the direction of the applied load, which leads to
an unequal loading of the material.
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3. The figure shown brings this idea to an extreme:
even though steel is used and not Aluminum
which is regarded as a typical lightweight design
material. The part’s mass could be further
decreased. One trick used is that the designed
sling now does not look like a typical sling of a
rope, but has two thin parallel belts exactly in line
with the applied load which further decreases
the loading forces.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 13 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
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Model Types
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Module 14
© 2012 PTC
Module 14 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Understanding 2-D Plane Strain
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Set up a 2-D plane strain model type.
Scenario
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In this example, you go through the necessary steps to set up a Creo Simulate 2-D Plane Strain
model type. You evaluate maximum stresses and deformations and compare these results against
the 3-D model type output.
Simulate_Modeling\Strain
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PLATE_2DPLANE_STRAIN_SIMULATE.PRT
Define the 2D plane stress model type.
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Creo Parametric users open PLATE_2DPLANE_STRAIN.PRT.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Set Up group. The Model Setup dialog box appears.
2. Click Model Setup
3. Click Advanced.
4. In the Type section, select 2D Plane Strain (Infinitely Thick).
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The model you see in the Creo Simulate screen is not actually thick. It can be of
any thickness. You are actually assuming that the model is thick when using the
2D Plane Strain model type. You have to model the thick geometry in the following
tasks using a 3D model type.
5. Click in the Coordinate System field and select PRT_CSYS_DEF from the model tree.
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6. Click in the Surfaces field. On the model, select
the surfaces shown. There are three surfaces
listed in the dialog box.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Confirm when prompted.
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There is a visual display when you
change from the default 3D to any
2D model types. This is the magenta
colored contour of the surface selected.
Task 2:
Define the materials for the 2D plane strain model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Materials
from the Materials group. The Materials dialog box appears.
3. Select nylon.mtl from the materials list and click Add Material
4. Click OK.
Module 14 | Page 2
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© 2012 PTC
5. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
Task 3:
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6. Click Material Assignment
from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
box appears.
7. Click in the Surfaces field. On the model, select the surfaces previously selected. There
are three surfaces listed in the dialog box.
8. Verify that NYLON is selected in the Material field.
9. Verify that (None) is selected in the Material Orientation field.
10. Click OK.
Define the loads for the model.
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from the Loads
2. Click Force/Moment Load
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
3. On the model, select the edge as shown.
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4. In the Force section, type –5 in the Y field. Select N from the drop-down list.
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The option to define the Load is limited to forces only, no moments. That is because
Creo Simulate identified the fact that you’re working in a 2D Plane Stress model type.
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5. Click OK.
Define the constraints for the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints
2. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
3. On the model, select the edge as shown.
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4. Click Fixed
5. Click OK.
Task 5:
for the X and Y translation.
Define AutoGEM controls.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. Click Edge Distribution
from the AutoGEM
Control drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Edge Distribution Control dialog box
appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the boundaries of the
volume region in the model as shown.
© 2012 PTC
Module 14 | Page 3
4. In the Number of Nodes field, type 5.
5. Click OK.
6. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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7. Click Edge Distribution
from the AutoGEM
Control drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Edge Distribution Control dialog box
appears.
8. Press CTRL and select the edges of the hole
in the model as shown.
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9. In the Number of Nodes field, type 8.
10. Click OK.
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14. In the Number of Nodes field, type 4.
15. Click OK.
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from the AutoGEM
12. Click Edge Distribution
Control drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Edge Distribution Control dialog box
appears.
13. Press CTRL and select the edges in the model
as shown.
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11. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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16. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Task 6:
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17. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group.
The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
18. Click Create. Note the distribution of the
elements.
19. Close all dialog boxes to return to the AutoGEM
dialog box.
20. Click Close.
21. Click No in the prompt to save the mesh.
Define and run a static analysis for the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
Module 14 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type plate_2Dplane_strain.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• In the Percent Convergence field, type 5.
• In the Polynomial Order section, type 1 in the Minimum field, and type 9 in the Maximum
field.
• In the Converge on section, select Measures.
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. The Measures dialog box appears.
• Select List Measures
• Press CTRL and select the following measures:
– max_disp_mag
– max_disp_x
– max_disp_y
– max_disp_z
– max_prin_mag
– max_stress_prin
– max_stress_vm
– max_stress_xx
– max_stress_xy
– max_stress_xz
– max_stress_yy
– max_stress_yz
– max_stress_zz
– min_stress_prin
– strain_energy
• In the Measures dialog box, click OK to return to the Static Analysis Definition dialog box.
• Click the Output tab.
• In the Plot section, type 6 in the Plotting Grid field.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select plate_2Dplane_strain. and click Start
Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Task 7:
Create result windows and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select plate_2Dplane_strain.
2. Click Review Results
© 2012 PTC
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
Module 14 | Page 5
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Click the Quantity tab.
• Verify Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component
drop-down menu.
• Click the Display Options tab. Complete the
fields as shown.
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6. Create another result window for the maximum
displacement, and investigate the results
shown. Notice that the plate is stiffer, less
Y-displacement, since the plane strain condition
prevents lateral strains.
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4. Click OK and Show.
5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot.
Record the value of the maximum von Mises
stress.
Task 8:
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7. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
Open and investigate the 3D model type and simulation features.
Task 9:
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1. Creo Simulate users open PLATE_FULL3DPLANE_STRAIN_SIMULATE.PRT.
2. Review the model. The model is already set up with loads, constraints, and material
properties. Since this is a 3D model type, the same loads and constraints you just defined
to edges are now defined to surfaces. The model also has AutoGEM controls for a better
mesh quality.
The geometry is now simulated in 3D using a half symmetry model. Arbitrary, an infinite
length of 250 mm was chosen. The model is suitable to show that just at the free ends of the
infinitely long plate there is no real strain.
3. Creo Parametric users open PLATE_FULL3DPLANE_STRAIN.PRT.
Run a static analysis for the 3D model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
3. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Plate_Full3D_plane_strain and click
Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
4. Click Display Study Status
5. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Task 10:
Create result windows and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select Plate_Full3D_plane_strain.
2. Click Review Results
Module 14 | Page 6
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
© 2012 PTC
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6. Create another result window for the maximum
displacement, and investigate the results shown.
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4. Click OK and Show.
5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot.
Compare it to the one from the 2D Plane Strain
model type. Notice the similarities in stress
distribution and also the maximum reported
values.
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Click the Quantity tab.
• Verify Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component
drop-down menu.
• Click the Display Options tab. Complete the
fields as shown.
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7. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
9. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
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This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 14 | Page 7
Exercise 2: Understanding 2-D Axial Symmetry
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Set up a simulation using a 2-D Axial Symmetric model type.
Scenario
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The model is a flywheel, and the loads, constraints, and material properties are known. All these
simulation features, including the geometry, are placed symmetrically around the main axis of the
model. The capability of being able to use Creo Simulate’s 2-D Axial Symmetric model type comes
from the fact that any section cut from the model behaves identically to any other section surfaces
cut the same way. The section surface needs to be in the positive XY plane through the Y-axis, the
rotation axis. The coordinates system and cut feature made in the model were previously created,
but keep these requirements in mind when you simulate your own model.
Simulate_Modeling\Flywheel
FLYWHEEL_2DAXI_SIMULATE.PRT
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Define the 2-D axisymmetric model type.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Set Up group. The Model Setup dialog box appears.
Click Model Setup
Click Advanced.
In the Type section, select 2D Axisymmetric.
Click in the Coordinate System field and select PRT_CSYS_DEF from the model tree.
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4.
5.
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Task 1:
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6. Click in the Surfaces field. In the model, select
the surface shown.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Confirm when prompted.
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There is a visual display when you
change from the default 3-D to
any 2-D model types. This is the
magenta-colored contour of the surface
selected.
Task 2:
Define the materials for the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Materials
from the Materials group. The Materials dialog box appears.
3. Select steel.mtl from the materials list and click Add Material
4. Click OK.
.
5. Click Material Assignment
from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
box appears.
6. Click in the Surfaces field. In the model, select the surface selected in the previous task.
7. Verify that STEEL is listed as the material in the Properties section.
8. Click OK.
Module 14 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
Task 3:
Define the loads in the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Centrifugal
from the Loads group. The Centrifugal Load dialog box appears.
Task 4:
Define the constraints in the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Constraints
2. Click Displacement
group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
3. In the model, select the edge shown.
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3. In the Angular Velocity section, type 20000 in the Mag field.
4. Select RPM from the Angular Velocity Section drop-down menu.
5. Click OK.
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This is a body load and, therefore, no geometrical references are required. A
magnitude and a direction are required.
The option to change the Direction is grayed out and not available. Creo Simulate
identifies the fact that you are working in a 2-D Axisymmetric model type.
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4. In the Coordinate System section, verify that the coordinate system selected is
PRT_CSYS_DEF.
5. In the X Translation field, click Free Translation .
Define AutoGEM controls.
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6. In the Y Translation field, click Fixed
7. Click OK.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the AutoGEM Control drop-down menu in the
2. Click Maximum Element Size
AutoGEM group. The maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
3. In the model, select the same surface used to define the 2-D axisymmetric model.
4. In the Element Size field, type 20.
5. Click OK.
6. Click Maximum Element Size
from the AutoGEM Control drop-down menu in the
AutoGEM group. The maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
7. Select Edges/Curves from the References drop-down menu.
© 2012 PTC
Module 14 | Page 9
Define and run the static analysis.
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8. Press CTRL and select the four edges as shown
in the model.
9. In the Element Size field, type 3.
10. Click OK.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type flywheel_2Daxi.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• In the Percent Convergence field, type 5.
• In the Polynomial Order section, type 1 in the Minimum field, and type 9 in the Maximum
field.
• In the Converge on section, select Measures.
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. The Measures dialog box appears.
• Select List Measures
• Select the following measures:
– max_disp_mag
– max_disp_x
– max_disp_y
– max_disp_z
– max_prin_mag
– max_stress_prin
– max_stress_vm
– max_stress_xx
– max_stress_xy
– max_stress_xz
– max_stress_yy
– max_stress_yz
– max_stress_zz
– min_stress_prin
– strain_energy
• In the Measures dialog box, click OK to return to the Static Analysis Definition dialog box.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Module 14 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and the temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory.
Both analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select flywheel_2Daxi and click Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
Task 7:
Create result windows and inspect the results.
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9. Click Display Study Status
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies window.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select flywheel_2Daxi.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify that Fringe is selected as the Display
type.
• Click the Quantity tab.
• Verify that Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component
drop-down menu.
• Click the Display Options tab. Complete the
fields as shown.
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2. Click Review Results
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4. Click OK and Show.
5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot. Notice
that the representation is in one single plane and
not in a 3-D model. The stresses in this section
surface are identical in any other section 360
degrees around the Y-axis.
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6. Create another result window for the maximum
displacement, and investigate the results shown.
7. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
9. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 14 | Page 11
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Module 14 | Page 12
© 2012 PTC
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Shells
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Module 15
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models –
Shell Idealizations
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define a shell pair idealization.
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Scenario
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In this exercise you define and use shell idealizations. The purpose is to examine the influence of
neglecting normal stresses in the Shell theory by comparing thick-walled and thin-walled structures.
You also examine the proper procedure for defining the constraints in models that you approach
using shell idealizations versus solid models.
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The model used as an example in this exercise shows two different idealized cases. The results are
interpreted by comparison.
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• Case A: Thick-walled
– The geometry shown at location A1 is simulated using out-of-the-box solid elements.
– Location A2 is modeled using shell idealizations using mid-plane compression from 3-D solid
geometry.
– The pressure load is applied to surfaces and is already defined as 200 MPa.
• Case B: Thin-walled
– The goemetry at location B1 is a thin plate, simulated using solid elements.
– Location B2 is a Creo Parametric solid thin plate. It is analyzed using shell idealizations.
– The pressure load is applied to surfaces and is already defined as 10 MPa.
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Constraints and shell pair idealizations must be defined in the model. The material has already
been defined as SS, stainless steel.
There are several Spherical coordinate systems defined in the model. These help you interpret
some of the results in the exercise.
Close Window
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Simulate_Modeling\ShellPairsA
Module 15 | Page 2
THICK_THIN_SHELLSB_SIMULATE.PRT
© 2012 PTC
Task 1:
Investigate the model properties.
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1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click SS and select Edit Definition. The Material
Definition dialog box appears.
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and the units used. Click Ok to
close the Material Definition dialog box.
5. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Load Set LoadSet1. Right-click Load2
and select Edit Definition. The Pressure Load dialog box appears.
6. Review the selected surfaces for references to define the load. Each of the surfaces carries a
pressure load of 200 MPa.
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You can used mathematical operators, +, –, /, and *, when specifying the load
magnitude.
Task 2:
Define the shell pair idealization.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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Click OK to close the Pressure Load dialog box.
7. Using the procedure described above, review Load1.
from the Idealizations group. The Shell Pair Definition dialog box
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2. Click Shell Pair
appears.
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3. In the model, select the surface shown.
4. Click Accept Changes .
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5. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note that there are two shell
pairs created.
6. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the AutoGEM group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
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7. Click Review Geometry
appears.
8. Click Apply. Note the display of the shell
idealized plates as shown.
9. In the Simulation Geometry dialog box, click
Close.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 3
Task 3:
Define the constraints.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click the Constraints Group drop-down menu and select Symmetry
Constraint dialog box appears.
. The Symmetry
3. In the model, select the edge as shown.
4. Click OK.
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Two additional symmetry constraints
have been defined on the other two
edges of the shell pair idealization.
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1. In the model tree, expand AutoGEM Controls.
2. Right-click AutoGEMControl3 and select Edit
Definition. The Maximum Element Size Control
dialog box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the surfaces shown on
the model.
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Define AutoGEM controls.
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This AutoGEM control specifies a
maximum element size of 500 mm for
the selected surfaces.
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4. In the Maximum Element Size Control dialog
box, click OK.
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5. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
6. Click the Control drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Thin Solid > Thin
Solid. The Thin Solid Control dialog box appears.
7. Verify that Auto Select Opposing Surfaces is selected.
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8. Select the curved surface in the model as shown.
9. Click OK.
10. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
11. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
12. Click Create. Solids and Shell elements are created. Notice the improvement in the mesh
quality due to the mesh controls.
13. Click Close in all dialog boxes and No when prompted to save the mesh.
Module 15 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
Task 5:
Define and run the static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type shell_theory_demo.
• Select the constraint and load sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Select the Convergence tab and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• Click Advanced Control. The Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box appears.
Complete the following:
– Select Use Advanced Controls.
– In the Maximum Stress Error Target field, type 1.
– In the Local Stress Error Target field, type 10.
– Do not select any references for the Local Stress Error field.
• In the Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box, click OK to return to the Static
Analysis Definition dialog box.
• Select the Output tab.
• In the Plotting Grid field, type 6.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shell_theory_demo and click Start
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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Run
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to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Creo Simulate window.
Task 6:
Create the result window and inspect the results.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shell_theory_demo.
2. Click Review Results
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
3. Complete the following:
• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Select the Quantity tab.
• Verify Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component drop-down menu.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 5
4. Click OK and Show.
5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot. Notice
that the stress difference is small for thin-walled
geometry, but relatively large for thick-walled
geometry.
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6. In the thick-walled structures, the stresses
normal to the shell surface are not neglected.
In order to prove this point, plot a graph for the
radial stress using the already defined Spherical
CSYS for the thick-walled solid geometry.
Keep in mind that the radial stress, the third
Principal stress, is equal to 200 MPa inside of
the thickness and zero on the outside. When
using shell idealizations, this value is zero.
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7. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
9. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 15 | Page 6
© 2012 PTC
Exercise 2: Using Shell Pairs for Midsurface Models
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Understand shell theory.
• Use solid elements.
• Use shell idealizations.
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Scenario
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You explore shell theory when dealing with stress concentrations at holes and stresses at regions of
large and small bend radii.
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Simulate_Modeling\ShellPairsB
NOTCHES_IN_SHELLS_SIMULATE.PRT
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Task 1:
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Creo Parametric users open NOTCHES_IN_SHELLS.PRT
Define the shell idealization.
from the Idealizations group. The Shell Definition dialog box appears.
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2. Click Shell
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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3. Press CTRL and select five surfaces in the
model as shown.
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4. In the Properties section, type 5 in the Thickness field.
5. Click OK.
Task 2:
Define the constraints.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
2. Click Displacement
3. Select Edges/Curves from the References drop-down menu.
4. In the model, select the edge as shown.
5. Verify all translations and rotations are fixed,
and click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 7
6. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
7. Click the Constraints Group drop-down menu and select Symmetry
Constraint dialog box appears.
. The Symmetry
Task 3:
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8. Press CTRL and select six edges in the model
as shown.
9. Click OK.
Define the loads.
Define AutoGEM controls.
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from the Loads
2. Click Force/Moment Load
group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
3. Select Edges/Curves from the References
drop-down menu.
4. In the model, select the edge as shown.
5. In the Force section, type 1000 in the X field.
6. Click OK.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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1. In the model tree, expand AutoGEM Controls.
2. Right-click AutoGEMControl8 and select Edit
Definition. The Maximum Element Size Control
dialog box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select the surfaces shown on
the model.
4. In the Maximum Element Size Control dialog
box, click OK.
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5. In the model tree, right-click AutoGEMControl6
and select Edit Definition. The Maximum
Element Size Control dialog box appears.
6. Press CTRL and select the surfaces shown on
the model.
7. In the Maximum Element Size Control dialog
box, click OK.
8. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
9. Click the Control drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Maximum Element
. The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
Size
10. Select Edges/Curves from the References drop-down menu.
Module 15 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
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11. Press CTRL and select the curved edge in the
model as shown.
12. In the Maximum Element Size Control dialog
box, type 10 in the Element Size field.
13. Click OK.
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14. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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15. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
16. Click Create. Solids and Shell elements are created. Notice the improvement in the mesh
quality due to the mesh controls.
17. Click Close in all dialog boxes and No when prompted to save the mesh.
Define and run a static analysis.
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Task 5:
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type shell_vs_volume_notches.
• Select the constraint and load sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Select the Convergence tab and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• Click Advanced Control. The Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box appears.
Complete the following:
– Select Use Advanced Controls.
– In the Maximum Stress Error Target field, type 5.
– In the Local Stress Error Target field, type 10.
– Do not select any references for the Local Stress Error field.
• In the Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box, click OK to return to the Static
Analysis Definition dialog box.
• Select the Output tab.
• In the Plotting Grid field, type 6.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shell_vs_volume_notches and click
Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 9
Task 6:
Create the result window and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shell_vs_volume_notches.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
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4. Click OK and Show.
5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot. Notice
that the stress concentrations at holes and
at large bend radii are accurate using shell
idealizations. By comparison, the stress in areas
of small radii using solid elements is inaccurate.
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Select the Quantity tab.
• Verify Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component
drop-down menu.
• Select the Display Options tab. Complete
the fields as shown.
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6. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
7. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
8. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 15 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
Exercise 3: Using Shell Pairs
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Scenario
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Define constraints for shell models.
• Define analytic load functions.
• Automatically select multiple surfaces for applying loads.
• Define shell pairs.
• Evaluate shell stress in the postprocessor.
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Objectives
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In this exercise, you investigate the stresses and deformations caused by hydrostatic pressure in
a thin-walled sheetmetal water tank. For the analysis, you ignore the stiffening of the walls from
deformations under external load and the related change in internal loading of the tank walls.
Therefore, a linear static analysis is performed without taking into account the large deformation
effect developing in the structure.
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Hydrostatic pressure has a certain geometrical distribution, which is not defined by default in Creo
Simulate. Using the information in this exercise can help you derive other types of loads that
are driven by mathematical relations. Other typical examples could include wind load or contact
pressure.
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You also learn about defining shell idealizations. The wall of the water tank is extremely thin and of
uniform thickness. This makes it a good candidate for using shell elements instead of the default
solids.
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Simulate_Modeling\ShellPairsB
Open and investigate the geometry model.
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Task 1:
START_TANK_SIMULATE.PRT
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1. Creo Simulate users: Note that only a quarter of the model is analyzed since the load and
geometry are symmetric. Therefore, the computation time and disk resources are reduced.
2. Creo Parametric users: Resume feature SYMMETRY_CUT to create the quarter model
from the full CAD model.
Based on the config.pro file used, you may have to turn on visibilities for suppressed
objects in the model tree settings before you can resume the suppressed feature.
Investigate the model properties and assign a material to the model.
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Task 2:
1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units, the material defined, and the associated properties. Click Close.
3. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
4. Click Material Assignment
from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
box appears.
5. Verify Stainless_Steel is in the Material field. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 11
Task 3:
Define shell idealizations in the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. In the Idealizations group, click the Shell Pair drop-down menu and select Detect Shell
Pairs. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box appears.
3. Verify Use Geometry Analysis is selected.
4. In the Characteristic Thickness field, type 3.
5. Click Start. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box closes.
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Alternatively, you can clear the Use Geometry Analysis check box. Since the
structure is created with Creo Parametric shell and thin features, shell pairs can be
found automatically without using the geometry analysis method. This can be done
only if the following Creo Parametric features are used: shell, rib, sheetmetal parts,
thickened surfaces, and all features created with the Thin option.
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6. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note that there are 55 shell pairs
detected.
Mesh the model.
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Task 4:
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from the AutoGEM
8. Click Review Geometry
group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
appears.
9. Click Apply. Note the successful mid-plane
compression as shown.
10. Click Close.
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7. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. Click the Control drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Maximum Element
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. The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
Size
3. Complete the following:
• From the References drop-down list, select Components.
• In the Element Size field, type 400.
4. Click OK.
Module 15 | Page 12
© 2012 PTC
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5. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
6. Click the AutoGEM drop-down menu from the AutoGEM group and select Settings. The
AutoGEM Settings dialog box appears.
7. Complete the following:
• Select the Limits tab.
• In the Edge Max field, type 165.00.
• In the Edge Min field, type 15.00.
• In the Face Max field, type 165.00.
• In the Face Min field, type 15.00.
• In the Max Aspect Ratio field, type 7.
• In the Max Edge Turn (Degrees) field, type 85.
8. Click OK.
9. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Task 5:
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10. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
11. Click Create. Note there are over 300 shell elements created.
12. Click Close in all dialog boxes and Yes when prompted to save the mesh.
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Define the constraints.
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There are two symmetry constraints defined,
one on each longitudinal cut edge of the
tank. The first constraint is defined using
a symmetry mirror constraint. The second
is defined using a classic displacement
constraint.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click the Constraints group drop-down menu
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. The Symmetry
and select Symmetry
Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Select Mirror from the Type drop-down menu.
4. On the model, select the edges shown.
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5. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
6. Click Displacement
7. Select Edges/Curves from the References drop-down menu.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 13
for the Y and Z translations.
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9. In the Translation section, click Free Translation
10. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation
11. Click OK.
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8. In the model, select the edges shown.
for the Y and Z rotations.
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The Mirror symmetry constraint can be used only for parallel or perpendicular
symmetry planes. A classic Displacement constraint may need an extra coordinate
system for reference, but can be used for any angle between symmetry planes.
12. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
13. Click Displacement
14. Select Edges/Curves from the References drop-down menu.
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15. In the model, select the four edges shown.
for the X and Z translations.
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16. In the Translation section, click Free Translation
17. Click OK.
Task 6:
Define the load.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Loads group. The Pressure Load dialog box appears.
Click Pressure Load
Click Surface Sets. The Surface Sets dialog box appears.
Click Add.
In the model, click any inner surface of the water tank. The selected surface is listed in
the Anchor field.
6. Select Seed and boundary surfaces.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Module 15 | Page 14
© 2012 PTC
7. Click in the Bounding Surfaces field.
8. In the model, select the surfaces shown.
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Click Advanced to expand the load definition options.
Select Function of Coordinates from the Spatial Variation drop-down menu.
. The Functions dialog box appears.
Click Function
Click New. The Function Definition dialog box appears.
In the Name field, type pressure_hydrostatic.
In the Coordinate System section, select Selected.
In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select LEVEL.
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10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
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9. In the Set section of the dialog box, the count
should be 51 for the Seed and Boundary
Surfaces. In the Surface Sets dialog box, click
OK to return to the Pressure Load dialog box.
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The origin of the LEVEL coordinate system is the water level. Therefore, the
pressure has a maximum magnitude at the bottom of the tank and 0 at the origin of
LEVEL.
17.
18.
19.
20.
In the Symbolic Expression field, type if(z>0,1e-9*9810*z,0).
Click OK to return to the Functions dialog box. In the Warning dialog box, click OK.
In the Functions dialog box, click OK to return to the Pressure Load dialog box.
In the Value field, type 1.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 15
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21. Click Preview to review the applied load.
22. Click OK.
Define and run the static analysis.
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Task 7:
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type tank_hydro.
• Select the constraint and load sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Select the Convergence tab and click Single Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select the analysis just defined and click
Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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9. Click Display Study Status
Task 8:
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
Create results windows and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select tank_hydro.
2. Click Review Results
Module 15 | Page 16
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
© 2012 PTC
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Select the Quantity tab.
• Select Displacement from the drop-down
menu.
• Select Magnitude from the Component
drop-down menu.
• Select the Display Options tab. Complete
the fields as shown.
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4. Click OK and Show.
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5. Create a second result window for the von Mises
stress. Note that in the Include contributions
from shells section, all stress components are
selected and Top and Bottom of shell is used
as the display location by default.
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Top and Bottom of shell ensures that
you are looking at the stresses of the
shell surface that points towards you
on the screen. In this case, it is not
necessary to worry about which is the
top or bottom surface of a shell.
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6. Create a third result window for the von Mises
stress. In the Include contributions from shells
section, select Membrane only.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 17
7. Create a fourth result window for the von Mises
stress. In the Include contributions from shells
section, select Bending only.
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The linear theory used does not
take into account wall stiffening from
deformation under the load. To take into
account this effect, you must perform
an analysis with large displacements.
Ignoring this effect usually leads to
higher analyzed displacements and
stresses compared to the real structural
behavior.
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8. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
10. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase
the model from memory.
11. Click OK in the erase confirm prompt.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 15 | Page 18
© 2012 PTC
Exercise 4: Using Connection Tools to Join Shell
Midsurface Assemblies
Objectives
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After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Use shell idealizations.
• Connect parts of an assembly using weld connections.
Scenario
Close Window
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In this exercise, you analyze the stresses and deformations in an assembly made up of sheetmetal
components. The geometry to be analyzed is thin compared to the width/length, and Shell
idealizations are used. Therefore, it enables you to quickly find a solution instead of using the
default Solid elements.
The model is an assembly of several parts that were assembled together in Creo Parametric. In
some locations in the model, the plates are shorter and, therefore, gaps are in place between the
connecting parts. These gaps were defined in the model to compensate for welding manufacturing
tolerances. Therefore, the plates are not automatically connected as in any other regions where the
surfaces are mated with 0 offset or clearance.
Task 1:
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Simulate_Modeling\Connection
WELDED_CANTILEVER_SIMULATE.ASM
Creo Parametric users open WELDED_CANTILEVER.ASM
Define the shell pair idealizations.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. Click the Shell Pair drop-down menu from the Idealizations group and select Detect Shell
Pairs. The Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box appears.
3. Verify that Use Geometry Analysis is selected.
4. Type 5 in the Characteristic Thickness field.
5. In the model tree, select WELDED_CANTILEVER.ASM to select all the components of
the assembly for shell idealization.
6. In the Auto Detect Shell Pairs dialog box, click Start.
7. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note there are 13 shell pairs
detected by the rule that the opposite surfaces are 5 mm apart.
8. Click in each shell pair to identify its location in the model.
9. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
10. Click Review Geometry
appears.
from the AutoGEM group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
11. Click Apply. Note the display of the shell
idealized plates as shown.
Note that LUG.PRT and some regions of
CYLINDER.PRT were not successfully
compressed. The first due to a variable
thickness, and the second because the
thickness is greater than 5 mm.
12. In the Simulation Geometry dialog box, click
Close.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 19
Task 2:
Define the manual and variable shell pair idealizations.
1. In the model tree, select LUG.PRT. Right-click and select Open. The part opens in a
separate Creo Simulate window.
2. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Idealizations group. The Shell Pair Definition dialog box
3. Click Shell Pair
appears.
4. Verify Constant is selected in the Type section, and Auto Select Opposing Surfaces is
selected in the References section.
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5. In the model, select the surface shown.
6. In the Shell Pair Definition dialog box, click
to create this shell pair and clear the
Repeat
dialog box for a new shell pair creation.
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7. In the Type section, select Variable.
8. In the model, select the surface shown.
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9. Press CTRL and select the opposing slanted surface.
10. To pick a reference for the mid-plane placement, click in the Select a placement surface field.
In the model tree, select DTM1.
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11. In the Shell Pair Definition dialog box, click Repeat
the dialog box for a new shell pair creation.
to create this shell pair and clear
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12. In the Type section, select Constant. Verify
Auto Select Opposing Surfaces is selected.
13. In the model, select the surface shown.
14. Click Accept .
15. In the model tree, expand Idealizations and Shell Pairs. Note there are three shell pairs
created.
16. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
17. Click Review Geometry
appears.
Module 15 | Page 20
from the AutoGEM group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
© 2012 PTC
Verify and review the automatic and manually created shell pairs.
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20. Click File > Save. The Save Object dialog box appears.
21. Use the default name and click OK.
22. Click File > Close
to close the window and return to the main assembly window.
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18. Click Apply. Note the display of the shell
idealized plates as shown.
19. Click Close.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the AutoGEM group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
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2. Click Review Geometry
appears.
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3. Click Apply. Note the display of the shell
idealized plates as shown.
4. Click Close.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 21
Task 4:
Define welds to connect the plates in the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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5. Click in the Surface field. In the model, select
the surface shown.
6. Click OK.
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from the Connections group. The
2. Click Weld
Weld Definition dialog box appears.
3. Select Extend Many to Single from the End
Weld Type drop-down menu.
4. Click in the Surfaces field in the References
section. Press CTRL and in the model, select
the four surfaces shown.
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7. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the AutoGEM group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
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8. Click Review Geometry
appears.
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9. Click Apply. Note the connections as shown.
Click Close.
10. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Connections group. The Weld Definition dialog box appears.
11. Click Weld
12. Select Perimeter Weld from the Type drop-down menu.
Module 15 | Page 22
© 2012 PTC
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13. Click in the first Surface field in the References
section. In the model, select the surface shown.
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15. Click in the Edges field in the Properties section.
In the model, select the two edges shown.
16. Click OK.
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14. Click in the second Surface field in the
References section. In the model, select the
surface shown.
17. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the AutoGEM group. The Simulation Geometry dialog box
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18. Click Review Geometry
appears.
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19. Click Apply. Note the connections as shown.
Click Close.
20. Enable Point Display
.
21. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Connections group. The Weld Definition dialog box appears.
22. Click Weld
23. Select Spot Weld from the Type drop-down menu.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 23
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24. Click in the first Surface field in the References
section. In the model, select the surface shown.
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In the Properties section, select Pattern. Select any of the points in the pattern.
Type 8 in the Diameter field.
In the Material section, click More. The Materials dialog box appears.
Select and add steel.mtl as the material if required. Click OK
to return to the Weld Definition dialog box.
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26.
27.
28.
29.
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25. Click in the second Surface field in the
References section. In the model, select the
surface shown.
30. Click OK. The graphical representation is as
shown.
Define the remaining loads.
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Task 5:
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You will not visually see any changes
in the model if you make use of the
Review Geometry tool after you defined
the Spot Weld connections. These
connections are not displayed as the
ones created for Perimeter or End
Welds.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Loads group. The
2. Click Bearing
Bearing Load dialog box appears.
3. Select Edges/Curves from the References
drop-down menu.
4. In the model, select any of the curved edge as
shown.
The software automatically selects the
remaining half of hole edge. Therefore,
two edges are displayed in the selection
bin.
5. In the Force section, type –30000 in the Y field.
6. Click OK.
Module 15 | Page 24
© 2012 PTC
Task 6:
Define the constraint.
1. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Constraint Set ConstraintSet1.
2. Right-click Constraint1 and select Edit Definition. The Constraint dialog box appears.
Define and run a static analysis.
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Task 7:
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3. Press CTRL and select the edges as shown.
4. Click OK.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type welded_cantilever.
• Select the constraint and load sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• Click Advanced Control. The Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box appears.
Complete the following:
– Select Use Advanced Controls.
– In the Maximum Stress Error Target field, type 8.
– In the Local Stress Error Target field, type 10.
– Do not select any references for the Local Stress Error field.
• In the Advanced SPA Convergence Control dialog box, click OK to return to the Static
Analysis Definition dialog box.
• Click the Output tab.
• In the Plotting Grid field, type 4.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select welded_cantilever and click Start
Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 15 | Page 25
Task 8:
Create the result window and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select welded_cantilever.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Click the Quantity tab.
• Verify Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component
drop-down menu.
• Click the Display Options tab. Complete the
fields as shown.
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4. Click OK and Show.
5. Examine the von Mises stress fringe plot.
Identify the behavior of the connections.
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6. Create another result window for the maximum
displacement magnitude, and investigate the
results shown.
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7. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
9. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 15 | Page 26
© 2012 PTC
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Idealizations
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Module 16
© 2012 PTC
Module 16 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Defining a Beam
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Create a beam idealization.
Scenario
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In this exercise, you use the Beam idealizations in Creo Simulate to investigate stresses and
deformations in a frame structure. The Beams are a linear type of element that enable you to speed
up processing time without sacrificing the quality of your simulation solution.
Simulate_Modeling\Beam
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FRAMEWORK_CANTILEVER_SIMULATE.PRT
Define the beam idealizations.
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Creo Parametric users open FRAMEWORK_CANTILEVER.PRT
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Idealizations group. The Beam Definition dialog box appears.
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2. Click Beam
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3. Press CTRL and in the model select the two
segments shown.
Note the direction of the yellow arrows. They
are displaying the positive X-axis of the beam’s
cross-section orientation. They must be pointed
in the same direction.
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4. In the Beam Definition dialog box, the Material section, click More. The Materials dialog box
appears.
5. Verify ss.mtl is added to the model. Click OK.
6. Select the Start tab.
7. In the Beam Section section, click More. The Beam Sections dialog box appears.
8. Click New. The Beam Section Definition dialog box appears.
9. Type U-Channel
in the Name field.
10. Select the Section tab.
11. Select Channel from the Type drop-down menu.
Module 16 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
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12. Complete the remainder of the dialog box as
shown.
13. Click OK to return to the Beam Sections dialog
box.
14. Click OK to return to the Beam Definition dialog
box.
15. Click OK.
16. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Idealizations group. The Beam Definition dialog box appears.
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17. Click Beam
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18. Press CTRL and in the model select the three
segments shown.
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19. Note the direction of the yellow arrows. They
are displaying the positive X-axis of the beam’s
cross-section orientation. They must be pointed
in the same direction. Select the yellow arrow
directly from the model on the segment that has
a reversed flow and note the direction change.
All arrows should now be pointing in the same
direction as shown.
© 2012 PTC
Module 16 | Page 3
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20. In the Beam Definition dialog box, the Material section, click More. The Materials dialog box
appears.
21. Verify that SS is displayed in the Material in Model column. Click OK.
22. In the Properties section, type 0 in the Y field, and type 1 in the Z field.
23. Select the Start tab.
24. In the Beam Section section, click More. The Beam Sections dialog box appears.
25. Verify that U-Channel is selected.
26. Click OK to return to the Beam Definition dialog box.
27. Click OK.
28. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
29. Click Beam
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from the Idealizations group. The Beam Definition dialog box appears.
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30. Press CTRL and in the model select the five
segments shown.
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31. In the Beam Definition dialog box, the Materials section, click More. The Materials dialog box
appears.
32. Verify that SS is displayed in the Material in Model column. Click OK.
33. Select the Start tab.
34. In the Beam Section section, click More. The Beam Sections dialog box appears.
35. Click New. The Beam Section Definition dialog box appears.
36. Type Cross in the Name field.
37. Select the Section tab.
38. Select Sketched Solid from the Type drop-down menu.
39. Click Sketch. Read the Information dialog box.
40. Click OK. The Sketcher window opens.
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You should use an existing sketched section file. This section file can be sketched
in Creo Parametric or Creo Simulate.
41. In the ribbon, select the Sketch tab.
from the Get Data group. The Open dialog box appears.
42. Click File System
43. Select cross_section.sec and click Open.
44. Click in the active window to place the sketch. A sketched section appears.
Module 16 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
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45. Click in the center of the sketch. Do not release
the mouse button. Drag the sketch until it snaps
to the existing coordinate system reference as
shown.
from the Sketching group.
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49. Click Point
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46. Type 1.0 in the Scaling Factor field.
47. Accept .
48. In the ribbon, select the Sketch tab.
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Click Accept
to save the section and return to the Creo Simulate window.
In the Beam Section Definition dialog box, click OK to return to the Beam Sections dialog box.
Click OK to return to the Beam Definition dialog box.
In the Beam Release section, click More. The Beam Releases dialog box appears.
Click New. The Beam Release dialog box appears.
Click the Rotation degrees of freedom, Rx, Ry, and Rz.
Click OK to return to the Beam Releases dialog box.
Click OK to return to the Beam Definition dialog box.
Click OK.
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51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
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50. Place points at each corner of the section, as
shown. Twelve points total.
Task 2:
Define the mass idealization.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. Click Mass
© 2012 PTC
from the Idealizations group. The Mass Definition dialog box appears.
Module 16 | Page 5
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3. On the model, select the vertex of the curve
segment as shown.
Define the gravity load.
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4. Type 100 in the Mass field and select kg from the drop-down menu.
5. Click OK.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
Define the constraints.
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from the Loads group. The Gravity Load dialog box appears.
2. Click Gravity Load
3. In the Acceleration section, type –9810 in the Y field.
4. Click OK.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
2. Click Displacement
3. In the References section, select Points from the drop-down menu.
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4. In the model, select the two points shown.
5. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation
6. Click OK.
Define and run a static analysis.
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Task 5:
for the X and Y rotations.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
Module 16 | Page 6
© 2012 PTC
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type Framework.
• Select the constraint and load sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Select the Convergence tab and click Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• In the Polynomial Order section, type 1 in the Minimum field, and type 10 in the Maximum
field.
• In the Limits section, type 10 in the Percent Convergence section.
• In the Converge on section, select Measures.
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. The Measures dialog box appears.
• Select List Measures
• Press CTRL and select the following measures:
– max_beam_bending
– max_beam_tensile
– max_beam_torsion
– max_beam_total
– max_disp_mag
– max_disp_x
– max_disp_y
– max_disp_z
– max_rot_mag
– max_rot_x
– max_rot_y
– max_rot_z
– strain_energy
• In the Measures dialog box, click OK to return to the Static Analysis Definition dialog box.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Framework and click Start Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Task 6:
Create result windows and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select Framework.
2. Click Review Results
© 2012 PTC
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
Module 16 | Page 7
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Select the Quantity tab.
• Verify Stress is selected.
• Select MPa from the drop-down menu.
• Select von Mises from the Component
drop-down menu.
• De-select Torsional.
• Select the Display Options tab. Complete
the fields as shown.
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4. Click OK and Show.
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5. Create another result window by clicking Edit > Copy. A copy of the Result Window
Definition dialog box appears.
6. Select the Quantity tab. Select Recovery Point from the At drop-down menu.
7. Select Point 6 from the Sections drop-down list.
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8. Click OK and Show.
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Repeat this process and choose any
recovery point on the beams that have
a cross-section. Display those results
as well.
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9. Create a resultant force and moment graph by clicking Edit > Copy. A copy of the Result
Window Definition dialog box appears.
10. Select Graph from the Display Type drop-down menu.
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11. Select the Quantity tab. Complete the fields as
shown.
12. In the Graph Location section, click Select Reference
beam of the frame.
and select the top horizontal
13. Click OK and Show.
Repeat this process for the Beam
Resultant along the X- and Z-axes.
Also, attempt to display the Beam
Resultant, but this time use Moment as
the secondary quantity.
Module 16 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
14. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
15. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
16. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
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This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 16 | Page 9
Exercise 2: Creating Weighted and Rigid Links
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Create weighted links.
• Create rigid links.
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Scenario
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In Creo Simulate, there are several types of elements you can use to connect different simulation
features. Although they have the same goal, some of these connections have different behaviors
and purposes, and results can be affected. A clear understanding of their purpose will enable you
to become more proficient with the features in Creo Simulate.
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In this exercise, you examine the influence on displacement results when making use of Rigid
verses Weighted links between simulation features. The model used is shown below.
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The model does not reflect an engineering problem. It illustrates the behavior of connecting
simulation features with rigid or weighted links.
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In all A and B locations vertical Beams have been defined between datum points. This is because in
the Creo Simulate result windows you can only view the displacement of a simulation feature.
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The top row of beams at the A locations will be connected using weighted links. Some of these
weighted links have been previously defined. You define the connections at A1 and A4, but you
can edit and inspect any other weighted link.
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The bottom row of beams at the B locations will be connected using rigid links. You define the rigid
links at the B1, B2, and B3 locations. The B4 location has been previously defined.
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At the B3 and B4 locations, spring idealizations to ground have been defined. These act as
constraints. Additional constraints will be defined at all point locations. There is no load in this
exercise. You will define some predescribed displacements. Some of the constraints have been
previously defined.
Close Window
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Simulate_Modeling\WeightedLinks
Task 1:
RIGID_AND_WEIGHTED_LINKS_B.PRT
Investigate the model properties.
1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
Module 16 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
Task 2:
Define the weighted links at the A1 and A4 locations.
1. Define the weighted link at the A1 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Connections group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog
2. Click Weighted Link
box appears.
3. Press CTRL and select points PNT1, PNT2, PNT3, and PNT4 on the model. These are listed
in the Independent Side section in the dialog box.
4. Click in the Dependent side section, Point field. On the model, select PNT0.
5. In the Degrees of Freedom section, select Tx, Ty, and Tz.
6. Click OK.
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Weighted Links have already been defined at the A2 and A3 locations.
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7. Define the weighted link at the A4 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Task 3:
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from the Connections group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog
8. Click Weighted Link
box appears.
9. Press CTRL and select points PNT16, PNT17, PNT18, and PNT19 on the model. These
are listed in the Independent Side section in the dialog box.
10. Click in the Dependent side section, Point field. On the model, select PNT15.
11. In the Degrees of Freedom section, select Tx, Ty, and de-select Tz.
12. Click OK.
Define the rigid links at the B1, B2, and B3 locations.
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1. Define the rigid link at the B1 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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2. Click Rigid Link
from the Connections group. The Rigid Link Definition dialog box
appears.
3. Press CTRL and select points PNT20, PNT21, PNT22, PNT23, and PNT24 on the model.
These are listed in the References section in the dialog box.
4. Click OK.
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5. Define an advanced rigid link at the B2 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Connections group. The Rigid Link Definition dialog box
6. Click Rigid Link
appears.
7. Select Advanced from the Type drop-down menu.
8. Select point PNT25 on the model. This is listed in the Independent section in the dialog box.
9. Click in the Dependent side section, Points reference field. Press CTRL and select points
PNT26, PNT27, PNT28, and PNT29 on the model.
10. Verify that all options are selected in the Degrees of Freedom section.
11. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 16 | Page 11
12. Define another advanced rigid link at the B3 location. In the ribbon, select the Refine
Model tab.
Define the constraints at the A1 location and all B locations.
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13. Click Rigid Link
from the Connections group. The Rigid Link Definition dialog box
appears.
14. Select Advanced from the Type drop-down menu.
15. Select point PNT30 on the model. This is listed in the Independent section in the dialog box.
16. Click in the Dependent side section, Points reference field. Press CTRL and select points
PNT31, PNT32, PNT33, and PNT34 on the model.
17. Deselect Rx, Ry, and Rz in the Degrees of Freedom section.
18. Click OK.
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1. Define a prescribed displacement constraint at the A1 location. In the ribbon, select the
Home tab.
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2. Click Displacement
from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
3. Select Points from the References Section drop-down menu.
4. Press CTRL and select points PNT1 and PNT4 on the model.
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5. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation
for the Y translation. Type 3
in the Y Translation field.
for the X, Y, and Z rotations.
6. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation
7. Click OK.
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8. Define a prescribed displacement constraint at all B locations. In the ribbon, select the
Home tab.
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9. Click Displacement
from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
10. Select Points from the References Section drop-down menu.
11. Press CTRL and select points PNT20, PNT25, PNT30, and PNT35 on the model.
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12. In the Translation section, click Prescribed Translation
Type 1 in the X, Y, and Z translation fields.
for the X, Y, and Z rotations. Type 10
Define and run a static analysis.
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Task 5:
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13. In the Rotation section, click Prescribed Rotation
in the X, Y, and Z rotation fields.
14. Click OK. Click OK in the Warning dialog box.
for the X, Y, and Z translations.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type link_demo.
• Select the constraint sets displayed in the Constraint Set/Component section.
• Select the Convergence tab and click Quick Check from the Method drop-down menu.
• Select the Output tab.
• In the Plotting Grid field, type 2.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Module 16 | Page 12
© 2012 PTC
6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select link_demo and click Start Run
Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
Create the result window and inspect the results.
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Task 6:
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
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9. Click Display Study Status
.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shell_theory_demo.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
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3. Complete the following:
• Verify that Fringe is selected as the Display type.
• Select the Quantity tab.
• Verify that Displacement is selected.
• Select mm from the drop-down menu.
• Select Magnitude from the Component drop-down menu.
4. Select the Display Options tab and complete the following:
• Select Deformed.
• Select Overlay Undeformed.
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5. Click OK and Show.
© 2012 PTC
Module 16 | Page 13
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6. Review the fringe plot. The following observations can be made:
• At the A locations from A1 to A4:
– Translations of the independent side are weighted (averaged) and transferred to the
dependent point, here in the Y-direction.
– Independent side rotations are not taken into account at the dependent point. In this
way it is ensured that the dependent point delivers the same movements independently
if the independent side is fixed to volumes, no rotational support, or shells/beams,
having rotations.
– Dependent side translations, here in the Z-direction, may lead to translations and
rotations at the dependent point.
– Certain translational degrees of freedom can be uncoupled in the model. In this example
it is the Z-direction. Then, the dependent point does not take these movements into
account.
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Note that in general, all references of a weighted link connection stay flexible and
no artificial stiffness is added to the model.
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• At the B locations:
– At B1, the simple rigid link, all point references become a rigid body moving in space.
Note that only simple rigid links support LDA; for the others, only small rotations are
allowed.
– At B2 where you have defined the advanced rigid link, this connection is transferring
all degrees of freedom.
– At B3 where you have another advanced rigid link and all three rotational degrees
of freedom are released, the dependent points do just the translations from the
independent point, rotations are set free. That is why the ground springs are needed,
so the model is not under constrained.
– At B4 where you have another advanced rigid link, and where all three translational
degrees of freedom are released, then only rotations are transferred.
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Note that rigid link connections add artificial stiffness to the model. The degrees of
freedom which are transferred can only move as a rigid body. Therefore, these
links should be used with care.
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7. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
9. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 16 | Page 14
© 2012 PTC
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Advanced Analysis
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Module 17
© 2012 PTC
Module 17 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Understanding Linear Buckling Analysis
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Perform a linear buckling analysis.
Scenario
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In this exercise, you evaluate the compression force which leads to the stability failure of a
thin-walled compression strut. This strut is circular-shaped and made of steel. In addition to these
requirements, you are also interested in what the failure looks like, is it similar to the buckling
shape of a column or local buckling of a thin wall? The column is simply supported and material
linearity is assumed.
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A refined mesh is used and you learn new AutoGEM controls to generate the requested quality of
elements.
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EULER_TRACTION_STRUT_SIMULATE.PRT
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Simulate_Analysis\CompStrut
Task 1:
Define the constraints.
2. Click Point
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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Creo Parametric users open EULER_TRACTION_STRUT.PRT.
from the Datum group. The Datum Point dialog box appears.
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3. In the model, select the arc defining the inner
diameter of the tube as shown.
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4. In the Datum Point dialog box, select the edge just selected in the References section. Select
Center from the On drop-down menu. Note the new point created in the left column.
5. In the left column, select New Point.
6. In the model, select the arc on the opposite end of the tube to the one just selected to define
a second point.
7. In the References section, select Center from the On drop-down menu if required. Note the
new point created in the left column.
8. Click OK.
9. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
10. Click Rigid Link
appears.
Module 17 | Page 2
from the Connections group. The Rigid Link Definition dialog box
© 2012 PTC
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11. Press CTRL and select the new point created
and the end flat surface in the model as shown.
12. Click OK.
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13. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Connections group. The Rigid Link Definition dialog box
14. Click Rigid Link
appears.
15. Press CTRL and select PNT1 and its corresponding and flat surface at the opposite end of
the strut.
16. Click OK.
17. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
Click Displacement
Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
In the model, select the first point created.
In the Translation section, click Free Translation for the Y translation.
Click OK.
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18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
24. Click Displacement
25. Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
26. In the model, select the second point created.
for the Y rotation.
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27. In the Rotation section, click Fixed Rotation
28. Click OK.
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All these constraints are part of the same constraint set and, therefore, act on the
system in the same time.
Task 2:
Define the compressive load.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Loads group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
2. Click Force/Moment Load
appears.
3. Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
4. In the model, select the first point defined..
5. In the Force section, type –800000 in the Y field.
6. Click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 17 | Page 3
Task 3:
Define AutoGEM controls and mesh the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group. The Hard
2. Select Hard Point
Point Control dialog box appears.
3. In the References section, select Pattern.
4. In the model tree, expand Pattern 2 of Pattern 1. An 84-point pattern is listed.
5. Select Pattern 1 of Datum Point.
6. Press SHIFT and select Pattern 84 of Datum Point to select all the patterned points in the
model. All point patterns appear in the selection bin in the Hard Point Control dialog box.
7. In the Hard Point Control dialog box, click OK.
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15. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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8. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
9. Select Thin Solid > Detect Thin Solids from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
group. The Auto Detect Thin Solids dialog box appears.
10. Type 4 in the Characteristic Thickness field.
11. Click Start. The Auto Detect Thin Solids dialog box closes.
12. In the model tree, expand AutoGEM Controls. Note AutoGEMControl2 being defined.
13. Right-click AutoGEMControl2 and select Edit Definition. The Thin Solid Control dialog box
appears.
14. Note the pairs of surfaces being matched. Click OK.
Task 4:
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16. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
17. Click Create.
18. Inspect the resulting mesh. Click Close to close all dialog boxes. Click No to the prompt to
save the mesh.
Define and run the static and prestress analyses.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Right-click euler_strut_compression_force and select Edit. The Static Analysis Definition
dialog box appears.
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4. Verify or complete the following:
• In the Name field, type euler_strut_compression_force.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Module 17 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
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6. Right-click euler_strut_buckling and select Edit. The Buckling Analysis Definition dialog
box appears.
7. Verify or complete the following:
• In the Name field, type euler_strut_buckling.
• Click the Previous Analysis tab, and select Use static analysis results from previous
design study.
• Verify LoadSet1 is selected.
• Type 8 in the Number of Buckling Modes field.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
8. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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9. Right-click euler_strut_buckling_MP and select Edit. The Buckling Analysis Definition
dialog box appears.
10. Verify or complete the following:
• In the Name field, type euler_strut_buckling_MP.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Multi-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• In the Percent Convergence field, type 5.
• In the Polynomial Order section, type 1 in the Minimum field, and type 9 in the Maximum
field.
• In the Converge on section, select BLF, Local Displacement and Local Strain Energy.
11. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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12. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
13. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
click Start Run
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14. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select euler_strut_compression_force and
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
15. Click Display Study Status
Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary files. Identify the maximum von
Mises and Y-axis stress (the load direction).
16. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies window.
17. Run the remaining two buckling analyses. The output directory is written to the same location,
the current working directory.
18. Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary files. Notice the Buckling Load
Factor (BLF) values when using the Single- versus Multi-Pass Adaptive algorithm.
19. When both studies are complete, close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and
Design Studies window.
Task 5:
Create fringe plots for the static analysis.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select euler_strut_compression_force.
2. Click Review Results
© 2012 PTC
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
Module 17 | Page 5
3. Create a result window for the maximum
displacement, and investigate the results shown.
Exaggerate the deformed shape and turn on the
transparent overlay.
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4. Create a result window for the von Mises stress,
and investigate the results shown. Exaggerate
the deformed shape and turn on the transparent
overlay.
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Note that although the maximum von
Mises stress is roughly 850 MPa,
as read from the legend, the strut is
stressed at 677 MPa. The majority of
the stress is of compressive nature and,
therefore, a similar value is reported in
the Y-axis stress fringe plot. Make a
record of this 677 MPa stress.
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5. Create a result window for the axial stress,
stress along the Y-axis, and investigate the
results shown. Exaggerate the deformed shape
and turn on the transparent overlay.
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6. Create a result window for the P-level, the
polynomial at which the solver has reached, and
investigate the results shown.
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From the P-level plot, you can easily
see that some stress singularities are
present at constraints due to the Rigid
Link connection.
7. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
Task 6:
Create fringe plots for the buckling analyses.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select euler_strut_buckling_MP.
2. Click Review Results
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
Note the first BLF is 1.39. That means at a compression stress of 677*1.39 = 941
MPa the strut collapses, and the equivalent buckling load is 1112 MN. The buckling
theory is barely valid, since the Yield Strength of the selected steel grade is 950 MPa.
Module 17 | Page 6
© 2012 PTC
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3. Complete the following:
• Type Mode_1 in the Name field.
• Type BLF Mode 1 in the Title field.
• In the Study Selection section, select Mode 1 from the list.
• Click the Quantity tab.
• Select Displacement from the drop-down menu.
• Select mm from the units drop-down menu.
• Select Magnitude from the Component drop-down menu.
• Click the Display Options tab. Select Deformed and Transparent Overlay.
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4. Click OK and Show.
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5. Create a result window for Mode 2 and
investigate the results shown.
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6. Create a result window for Mode 3 and
investigate the results shown.
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7. Create a result window for Mode 5 and
investigate the results shown.
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8. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
10. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current to close the displayed window and erase the
model from memory. Click Yes when prompted to confirm.
This completes the exercise.
© 2012 PTC
Module 17 | Page 7
Exercise 2: Understanding Nonlinear Stability Analysis
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Perform a nonlinear stability analysis.
Scenario
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In this exercise, you examine how Creo Simulate handles a particular case of a Large Deformation
Analysis. In this example, you investigate the behavior of a cup spring which experiences a loss
in stability. The algorithm used by Creo Simulate for this type of a problem is called “arc length
method” and is used in this exercise to solve the regions where the load-deflection curve of the
structure has a partially negative slope resulting in instability.
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CUP_SPRING_SIMULATE.PRT
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Task 1:
Define the 2D axisymmetric model type.
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from the Set Up group. The Model Setup dialog box appears.
Click Model Setup
Click Advanced.
In the Type section, select 2D Axisymmetric.
Click in the Coordinate System field. In the model, select PRT_CSYS_DEF.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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Creo Parametric users open CUP_SPRING.PRT.
Define the materials for the model.
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Task 2:
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6. Click in the Geometry field. In the model, select
the surface shown.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Confirm in the prompt.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Material Assignment
from the Materials group. The Material Assignment dialog
box appears.
3. In the model, select the surface selected in the first task.
4. In the Properties section, click More.
5. Select steel.mtl and add it to the model.
6. Click OK to return to the Material Assignment dialog box.
7. Verify that there is no Material Orientation selected.
8. Click OK.
Module 17 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
Task 3:
Define the loads for the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Loads group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
2. Click Force/Moment Load
appears.
3. Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
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4. In the model, select the point shown.
Define the constraints in the model.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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5. In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, Force section, type 2500 in the Y field.
6. Click OK.
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from the Constraints group. The Constraint dialog box appears.
2. Click Displacement
3. Select Points from the References drop-down menu.
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4. In the model, select the point shown.
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5. In the Constraint dialog box, Translation section, click Free Translation
6. Click OK.
Create a mesh control and mesh the model.
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Task 5:
for the X translation.
1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM group.
2. Select Edge Distribution
The Edge Distribution Control dialog box appears.
3. In the model, select the edges shown.
© 2012 PTC
Module 17 | Page 9
4. In the Edge Distribution Control dialog box, Properties section, type 4 in the Number of
Nodes field.
5. Click OK.
6. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
Create measures in the model.
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Task 6:
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7. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
8. Click Create.
9. Inspect the resulting mesh. Click Close to close all dialog boxes. Click No to the prompt to
save the mesh.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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2. Click Measures
from the Run group. The Measures dialog box appears.
3. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box appears.
4. Complete the following:
• Type reaction_force in the Name field.
• Select Force from the Quantity drop-down menu.
• Select Y from the Component drop-down menu.
5. In the model tree, expand Loads/Constraints and Constraint Set ConstraintSet1.
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6. In the Measure Definition dialog box, Spatial Evaluation section, click Select Reference
and select Constraint1 in the model tree.
7. In the Measure Definition dialog box, click OK to return to the Measures dialog box.
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8. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box appears.
9. Complete the following:
• Type Force in the Name field.
• Select Computed Measure from the Quantity drop-down menu.
• In the Expression section, type –reaction_force.
10. In the Measure Definition dialog box, click OK to return to the Measures dialog box.
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11. Click New. The Measure Definition dialog box appears.
12. Complete the following:
• Type Deformation in the Name field.
• Select Displacement from the Quantity drop-down menu.
• Select Y from the Component drop-down menu.
13. In the Spatial Evaluation section, select At Point from the drop-down menu.
14. Click Select Reference and select the point where the load is applied.
15. In the Measure Definition dialog box, click OK to return to the Measures dialog box.
16. Click Close.
Task 7:
Define and run the static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
Module 17 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type Cup_Spring.
• Select Nonlinear/Use Load Histories.
• In the Nonlinear Options section, select Calculate Large Deformations.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• Select Include Snap-through.
• Select the Output tab.
• In the Calculate section, select Stresses, Rotations, and Reactions.
• In the Plot section, type 10 in the Plotting Grid field.
• In the Output Steps section, select User-defined Steps from the drop-down menu.
• Type 21 in the Number of Master Steps field. Press ENTER.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
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8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Cup_Spring and click Start Run
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. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
Task 8:
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to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
Notice in the summary file the detection of the snap-through start and end being reported.
Continue to monitor these reports throughout the entire summary report file.
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Creo Simulate window.
Create result window and inspect the results.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select Cup_Spring.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
Click Review Results
Select Graph from the Display Type drop-down menu.
Select the Quantity tab.
Select Measure from the Graph Ordinate (Vertical) Axis drop-down menu.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click Measures
. The Measures dialog box appears.
Select Force from the User-Defined column.
Click OK to return to the Result Window Definition dialog box.
Select Measure from the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis second drop-down menu.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
10. Click Measures
. The Measures dialog box appears.
11. Select Deformation from the User-Defined column.
12. Click OK to return to the Result Window Definition dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 17 | Page 11
13. Click OK and Show to display the results.
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As a challenge, run the same Static
Analysis, but turn off the option for
Include Snap-through. Graph the
variation of the load versus deformation
and interpret the new results.
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14. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
15. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click Close.
16. Click File > Manage Session > Erase Current. Click Yes in the Erase Confirm prompt.
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This completes the exercise.
Module 17 | Page 12
© 2012 PTC
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Module 18
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Sensitivity and Optimization
© 2012 PTC
Module 18 | Page 1
Exercise 1: Defining Design Studies
Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:
• Perform a Sensitivity and Optimization study.
Scenario
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In this example, you attempt to minimize the stress concentrations in a structural component using
the Creo Simulate capabilities of Sensitivity and Optimization studies. The structural component is a
simplified shaft shoulder under tension, made of stainless steel with a nominal stress 100 MPa.
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The loads and constraints were already defined in the model. Some constraints are required since
you are analyzing only a slice of the shaft. Also, a Static Analysis was previously defined for the
model. This Static Analysis enables you to investigate the current stresses in the model and is used
as a base analysis for the Sensitivity and Optimization studies.
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SHAFT_SHOULDER_SIMULATE.PRT
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Simulate_Analysis\DesignStudy
Task 1:
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Creo Parametric users open SHAFT_SHOULDER.PRT
Create mesh controls and mesh the model.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
2. Select Maximum Element Size
group. The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
3. Select Components from the References drop-down menu.
4. In the Element Size section, type 10 in the field.
5. Click OK.
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6. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
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from the Controls drop-down menu in the AutoGEM
7. Select Maximum Element Size
group. The Maximum Element Size Control dialog box appears.
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8. In the model, select the surface shown.
9. In the Maximum Element Size Control dialog box, Element Size section, type 3 in the field.
10. Click OK.
Module 18 | Page 2
© 2012 PTC
11. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
12. Click AutoGEM
from the AutoGEM group. The AutoGEM dialog box appears.
13. Click Create.
14. Inspect the resulting mesh. Click Close to close all dialog boxes. Click No to the prompt to
save the mesh.
Task 2:
Define and run the static analysis.
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1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
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from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies
2. Click Analyses and Studies
dialog box appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.
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4. Complete the following:
• In the Name field, type shaft_shoulder_static_tension.
• Select the constraint and load set displayed in the Constraint Set/Component and Load
Set/Component sections.
• Click the Convergence tab, and click Single-Pass Adaptive from the Method drop-down
menu.
• Select the Output tab.
• In the Plot section, type 10 in the Plotting Grid field.
5. Click OK to return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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6. Click Configure Run Settings . The Run Settings dialog box appears.
7. The results and temporary output directories are set by default in the working directory. Both
analyses are stored in this location. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension and
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
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click Start Run
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to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
Carefully inspect the information displayed in the summary file. Notice that the maximum von
Mises stress is found to be almost 150 MPa. The nominal stress is actually 100 MPa, and we
have a stress concentration factor of 1.50. Therefore, our design needs improvement.
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Task 3:
Create a fringe plot for the static analysis.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension.
2. Click Review Results
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
3. Create a result window for the von Mises stress,
and investigate the results shown.
4. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo
Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 18 | Page 3
Task 4:
Define and run a standard design study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Standard Design Study.
The Standard Study Definition dialog box appears. Type shaft_R9 in the Name field.
2. In the Analyses section, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension (Static).
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3. In the Variables section, click Select Dimension
. Click in the model to display all the model
dimensions as shown.
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The notch was created in Creo
Parametric using a conical Round
feature. That is why three dimensions
are available, length, width, and radius
of curvature, rho.
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4. In the model, select the length dimension shown.
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5. Repeat the previous two steps and select the width dimension of the conical fillet.
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You cannot pick the same dimension twice. Creo Simulate eliminates from the
selection process any dimensions that were already picked for design variables.
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6. In the Standard Study Definition dialog box, type
9 in the Setting field for both length and width
as shown.
7. Click OK.
8. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shaft_R9 and click Start Run
Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
9. Click Display Study Status
Notice that the maximum von Mises stress is found to be almost 123 MPa. The nominal
stress is actually 100 MPa and we have a stress concentration factor of 1.23. Therefore, our
design still needs improvement.
10. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Module 18 | Page 4
© 2012 PTC
Task 5:
Create a fringe plot for the standard design study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shaft_R9.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
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Define and run the local sensitivity study.
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Task 6:
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3. Create a result window for the von Mises stress,
and investigate the results shown.
4. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo
Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Sensitivity Design Study.
The Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the following:
• Type LS_all in the Name field.
• Select Local Sensitivity from the Type drop-down menu.
3. In the Analyses section, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension (Static).
. Click in the model to display all the
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4. In the Variables section, click Select Dimension
model dimensions.
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5. In the model, select the length dimension shown.
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6. Repeat the previous two steps and select the
width dimension of the conical fillet, and the
radius of curvature, rho.
7. In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box, use
the Current values as Setting values as shown.
8. Click OK.
9. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select LS_all and click Start Run
Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
. Click
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
10. Click Display Study Status
11. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 18 | Page 5
Task 7:
Create graphs for the local sensitivity study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select LS_all.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
3. Select the Quantity tab.
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Click Measures
. The Measures dialog box appears.
Select max_stress_vm.
Click OK to return to the Result Window Definition dialog box.
Select length:SHAFT_SHOULDER_SIMULATE from the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis
second drop-down menu.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
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8. Click OK and Show to display the results.
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9. Create a graph for the width, and investigate the
results shown.
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10. Create a graph for the radius of curvature, rho,
and investigate the results shown.
11. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo
Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
Task 8:
Define and run the global sensitivity study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Sensitivity Design Study.
The Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the following:
• Type GS_length in the Name field.
• Verify that Global Sensitivity is selected from the Type drop-down menu.
3. In the Analyses section, select shaft_shoulder_static_tension (Static).
4. In the Variables section, click Select Dimension
model dimensions.
Module 18 | Page 6
. Click in the model to display all the
© 2012 PTC
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5. In the model, select the length dimension shown.
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Click Options. The Design Study Options dialog box appears.
Click Shape Animate the Model. The Continue to Step 2? dialog box appears.
Click Accept Value .
Repeat for five steps. At the last step, click Yes to restore the model to its original shape.
In the Design Study Options dialog box, click Close.
In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box, click OK.
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7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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6. In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box,
type 1 in the Start field, 40 in the End field, and 5
in the Steps field as shown.
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13. Repeat this process for the remaining two design variables, width and radius of curvature,
rho. Use the following names and ranges:
• Width
– Name: GS_width
– Range: 4 to 9 mm
• Radius of Curvature, rho
– Name: GS_rho
– Range: 0.1 to 0.9 mm
14. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select GS_length and click Start Run
Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
15.
16.
17.
18.
.
to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
Click Display Study Status
Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, run GS_width and GS_rho.
Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
© 2012 PTC
Module 18 | Page 7
Task 9:
Create graphs for the global sensitivity study.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select GS_length.
. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
3. Select the Quantity tab.
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Click Measures
. The Measures dialog box appears.
Select max_stress_vm.
Click OK to return to the Result Window Definition dialog box.
Select length:SHAFT_SHOULDER_SIMULATE from the Graph Abscissa (Horizontal) Axis
second drop-down menu.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
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8. Click OK and Show to display the results.
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9. Create a graph for the width, and investigate the
results shown.
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10. Create a graph for the radius of curvature, rho,
and investigate the results shown.
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Identify what range of values should
be used to reduce the stress below the
nominal value, 100 MPa.
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11. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo
Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
Module 18 | Page 8
© 2012 PTC
Task 10:
Define and run the optimization design study.
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. The Measures dialog box appears.
In the Design Limits section, click Add Row
Select max_stress_vm.
Click OK to return to the Optimization Study Definition dialog box.
Verify < is displayed in the adjacent field. Type 100 in the Value field.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
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1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, click File > New Optimization Design
Study. The Optimization Study Definition dialog box appears.
2. Complete the following:
• Type shaft_optimization in the Name field.
• Verify that Optimization is selected from the Type drop-down menu.
• In the Goal section, select Minimize from the drop-down menu, and verify that total_mass
is displayed in the adjacent field.
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9. In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box,
define the ranges as shown.
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. Click in the model to display all the
7. In the Variables section, click Select Dimension
model dimensions.
8. In the model, select the three dimensions, width, length, and rho, selected for the previous
studies.
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10. Click Options. The Design Study Options dialog
box appears.
11. Complete the fields as shown.
The Optimization Convergence is
controlling the quality of the optimum
solution. In this case, you’re looking to
lower stress below 100 MPa. But, 10
or 15 MPa is actually lower than 100
MPa. Using this percentage, you are
controlling the value to be between 95
and 105 MPa.
12. In the Design Study Options dialog box, click
Close.
13. In the Sensitivity Study Definition dialog box,
click OK.
© 2012 PTC
Module 18 | Page 9
14. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select shaft_optimization and click Start
Run
. Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
Create a fringe plot for the standard design study.
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Task 11:
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to view the summary report after the analysis is complete.
15. Click Display Study Status
Notice in the summary report that for each of the optimization iterations, Creo Simulate uses
any values specified in study definition. Therefore, you find three variable changes at each
iteration. Inspect all four iterations in the summary report. But, most importantly, find the
values reported for the last iteration.
Also, notice the message at the bottom of the summary report that states “No improvement to
the initial design was found that does not violate any limits”. This is due to the fact that in
order to reduce stresses, Creo Simulate had to add more material. Therefore, an increase
in mass is reported, although you set the Optimization Design Study goal to minimize the
total_mass measure.
16. Close all dialog boxes and return to the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies window, select shaft_optimization.
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3. Create a result window for the von Mises stress
at the optimum solution found, and investigate
the results shown.
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. The Result Window Definition dialog box appears.
2. Click Review Results
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Note that now the model has a
maximum von Mises stress of 100 MPa.
This is the solution you’re looking for.
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This completes the exercise.
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4. Click File > Exit Results to return to Creo
Simulate. Click No in the Message dialog box.
Module 18 | Page 10
© 2012 PTC
Copyright
Introduction to Creo Simulate 2.0
Copyright © 2012 Parametric Technology Corporation and/or Its Subsidiary Companies. All Rights Reserved.
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User and training guides and related documentation from Parametric Technology Corporation and its subsidiary companies (collectively "PTC") are subject to the copyright laws of the United States and
other countries and are provided under a license agreement that restricts copying, disclosure, and use of such documentation. PTC hereby grants to the licensed software user the right to make copies
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may not be disclosed, transferred, modified, or reduced to any form, including electronic media, or transmitted or made publicly available by any means without the prior written consent of PTC and no
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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND
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This document and the software described herein are Commercial Computer Documentation and Software, pursuant to FAR 12.212(a)-(b) (OCT’95) or DFARS 227.7202-1(a) and 227.7202-3(a) (JUN’95),
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FAR 52.227-19(c)(1)-(2) (JUN’87), as applicable. 01012012
Parametric Technology Corporation, 140 Kendrick Street, Needham, MA 02494 USA
PRINTING HISTORY
Date
T3911-390-01
04/11/2012
Initial Printing of:
Introduction to Creo Simulate 2.0
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Order Number DT-T3911-390-01
Printed in the U.S.A
Description
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Document No.