Engr. Joshua I.L. Palisoc, MSIE, MSDS
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It comes from the Middle French word re and cercer, or chercher in the
modern times.
Re – again; chercher – to search or to seek out1
It is a systematic inquiry into a subject in order to discover or check facts2
It means inventing or developing a new idea and proving that the idea works3
It is a systematic inquiry aimed at providing information to solve managerial
problems4
Jo Ray, and Anthony C. Winkler. Writing the Research Paper Handbook, 5th ed. USA:
1McCuen,
Harcourt Brace College, 1999.
2 Flexner,
Stuart Berg, and Jess Stein, eds. The Random House Dictionary. New York: Random
House, 1980
3 Badiru,
Adedeji B. Project Management for Research: A Guide for Engineering and Science.
Oklahoma: Chapman and Hall, 1996.
4 Cooper,
Donald R., and Pamela S. Schindler. Business Research Methods, 7th ed. Singapore:
McGraw-Hill International, 2001.
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It is not an argument. It simply clarifies.
It is not a mere compilation of facts, opinions or ideas. It is a thought
process, not a mechanical process like solving a jigsaw puzzle.
It is not a summary of a single work no matter how authoritative. It is a
compilation and digestion of all available data.
It is not a half-hazard grouping of ideas full of gaps and missing links,
thrown together at the last moment to beat a deadline.
It is not a collection of footnotes and bibliographical materials because
they do not constitute the paper. They only serve as auxiliaries.
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Key research direction must be driver by a seasoned team
leader not only by the students (Tan, 2016)
Directions must be justified by a thorough
review
literature
like the recent review papers
“Future work” or sections of the research articles
Conference papers and informal discussions
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It is an instrument used to examine the feasibility of a
new business venture, or major modifications of existing
products, or product-line acquisitions.
The data, facts and other findings presented in the
study then become the basis for deciding whether the
project is to be pursued, abandoned, or revised.
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: MARKETING ASPECT
CHAPTER 3: TECHNICAL ASPECT
CHAPTER 4: ORGANIZATION/MANAGEMENT ASPECT
CHAPTER 5: FINANCIAL ASPECT
CHAPTER 6: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECT
CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT
CHAPTER 8: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION
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INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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It refers to the general/ specific information
that led to the identification of the topic.
It provides a bird’s eye view of a given
situation and justification in the conduct of
the study.
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Ø The main purpose of the INTRODUCTION is to
give a description of the problem that will be
addressed.
Ø It gives a brief explanation of why your research
topic is worthy of study and may make a
significant contribution to the body of already
existing research.
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Ø The main topic of the research (pfs)
Ø The historical information
Ø The current or existing practices
Ø The purpose of the study
Ø The impact of the study to the
community and to the IE concept.
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industry
and
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1. Describe what you conceive to be the current or
ideal state of the domain of the study that you are
investigating.
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency
and intensity of droughts in many parts of the world. Since
water is an essential resource for many economic
activities, water scarcity can cause
disruptions that
manifest as losses in industrial outputs
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2. Add statements or statistics that have “shock
and overwhelming” value or affect to the reader
Pandemics have disrupted modern civilization in several
occasions (1918,1957,1968,1968, and the 2009 novel swine
origin A H1N1) Influenza virus are threatening because
they may mutate, develop resistance and evade
vaccination efforts and migrate rapidly.
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3. Some problem statements may also build
findings or results from trustworthy resources
The clear and present threat posed by climate
change have been re-emphasized in a recent report
issued by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC 2014)
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4. Give credit to where credit is due. Cite the original
source to the ideas you learned elsewhere
Commonly accepted arguments may not need to be
cited
“Water is essential in sustaining life in our planet.”
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5. Stay away from citing a source every sentence
because it shows lack or personal analysis
Its good to have a source and add an original
thought
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6. Avoid the habit of overexplaining
Its good to have a source and add an original
thought
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It contains the identification and presentation of the problem
aimed to be solved by the study
Define the destination before starting the journey
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Questions should be SMART
S- Specific
M- Measurable
A- Attainable
R- Realistic
T- Time-Bound
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This research missing gap led the researcher to find the out the answers
for the following research problems:
1. Is there any significant relationship between the presence of symptoms
affecting the MSD of machine embroiderers and the different msd related
factors (Individual Factors, Psychosocial Factors, Organizational Factors)?
2. What are the recommended ergonomic intervention specifically engineering
work methods and design to reduce postural stress among the machine
embroiderers?
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It contains a discussion of the relevance of the
study; includes also the explanation of who will benefit
from the study (and how will they benefit)
It articulates the value of the investigation to
various individuals, community and concept.
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Findings of the study may somehow contribute immensely to the following:
•Embroidery industry, this review will identify the areas for research focuses
which will create safer and healthier work environment for embroiderers.
•Machine embroiderers, this study will reveal health and safety issues
experienced by workers in embroidery sector such as musculoskeletal
disorders (MSD’s). This will help them realize possible strategies that will
intentionally minimize the frequent time of exposure of embroiderers to
occupational hazards and adverse effects of MSD’s through conferring
necessary precautionary measures.
•Embroidery entrepreneurs, this study will serve as their guide in managing
the business more productively and more efficiently.
•Future researchers, the findings and the results of the study will be a good
source of data for future investigations.
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•to determine the significant relationship between the
presence of symptoms affecting the MSD of machine
embroiderers and the different msd related factors (Individual
Factors, Psychosocial Factors, Organizational Factors)
•to recommended ergonomic intervention specifically
engineering work methods and design to reduce postural stress
among the machine embroiderers.
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It describes the strategies of data collection,
information can be acquired, and how it will be presented
how
It contains a discussion on the identification of the project
site/ location or the area where the survey (market survey) will
be conducted; the sources of data and the analytical tools to be
used (i.e. for financial analysis the tools to be used are NPV,
IRR, ROI, etc. for demand projection, the tools to be used are
straight line method, geometric method, etc.)
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Research Design
Research Locale
Research Instrument
Research Methods
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It describes the place or setting of the study
It describes the instrument used by the researcher such as
the interview, survey questionnaire, focus group discussion,
and observations
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Reviewing the Literature
1)
2)
3)
A review of related literature is a task that you will
continue throughout the duration of a research.
It begins with a search of a suitable topic.
Since a research aims to be a contribution to
knowledge, you need to check carefully that the
proposed study has not previously been undertaken.
5.1 Primary Sources
Primary sources of information include first-hand
accounts of experimentation and investigation
(articles in professional journals, monographs,
doctoral theses, interviews and questionnaires),
original works (letters, diaries, eyewitness accounts,
poems, novels, autobiographies) and reports
(proceedings of Parliament, court testimony, report of
government departments and agencies, annual
reports, minutes).
5.2 Secondary Sources
Secondary sources of information are summaries of
information gathered from primary sources. These
include translations, summaries and reviews of
research (for example, encyclopedia articles),
abstracts, guide books and other publications,
containing information, commentaries, and so on.
5.3 Tertiary Sources
Textbooks are usually examples of tertiary sources of information, since these are
generally compiled from secondary sources.
Tertiary sources of information can be useful in providing an overview or broad
summary of a field. They may even be acceptable as references because some
textbooks become acknowledged as authorities.
Importance of the Review of Related
Literature
Serves as a source of research
Familiarizes
reader with previous
studies done related to
the present topic
Helps to give more
focus, direction,
and clarity
to the study
Avoids the unnecessary
duplication of selecting a
research problem
which has done
before
problems which can be gathered
from existing studies
Importance
of the Review
of Related
Literature
Serves as a basis
for the development of the
theoretical/conceptual
framework
Ensures that
important variables
relevant to the study
are not overlooked
Establishes
the need/
significance/
justification
in conducting
the present
study
Provides a historical
background/
perspective about
the study
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Review or Synthesis
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PLAGIARISM
DEFINITION
It is turning in or passing off someone else’s work as your own. It is
using someone else’s words or thoughts without proper
referencing
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This may include unpublished and published researches made by
both local and foreign settings. Related literature and studies aim
to support findings, results and recommendations. Source must be
properly documented.
AVOID PLAGIARISM!!!!!!
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Plagiarism is stealing
Plagiarism is lying
Plagiarism is cheating
You will get caught … eventually
◦ 1. Be really interested in something. Find your larger
purpose and be passionate about it.
◦ 2. Pursue it. Be persisitent!
◦ 3. Give time and energy ..be patient..
◦ 4. Never quit…
◦ 5. Look at it as a process and not an end. Failure is just
temporary
◦ 6. Develop your personality. Communication and
interpersonal skills are extremely important
◦ 2. Be just seriously playful and playfully serious
◦ 3. Look for playmates and mentors
◦ 4. Never quit and enjoy what you are doing.
References
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Edralin, Divina M.
Business Research: Concepts and Applications.
Manila: De La Salle University, 2000.
■
Emory, W.C and Cooper. (1991)
■
Gay, L.R. and Diehl, P.L. (1992)
Business Research Methods. Homewood, Illinois: Irwin.
Research Methods for Business and Management.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
■
Good, C.V. and Scates. D.E (1972).
Methods of Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.
■
Kerlinger, F.N. (1973)
Foundations of Behavioral Research (2nd ed.) New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
■
Sekaran, U. (1992).
Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach
(2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
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