AQA Physics Paper 2 Higher Separate Science Predicted Paper 2022 Name ……………………………………………… Date ……………………………………………… 1 hour 45 minutes allowed Similar to your real exam, each question in this paper gets harder towards the end of each question, so if you find you can’t do the last part of a certain question, try the next question – they all start off easier and then get harder. Grade boundaries These are VERY rough guesses! Getting an 8 or 9 on this paper does not guarantee you the same mark in the exam. • • • • • 9 8 7 6 5 75 65 55 45 35 The information from the exam board gives us a broad overview of what is covered in the exam. If a topic is not listed as a ‘major focus’ it can still come up in a question, but that question might not be worth many marks. There are questions in this paper that cover topics that are not a ‘major focus’ for the exam, but don’t let that worry you! Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 1 Exam Analysis Marks Marks Question available gained 1 16 Topic Advanced information for 2022 Waves Waves in air, fluids and solids 2 11 Gravity Forces and their interactions and describing motion along a line 3 22 Momentum Momentum 4 8 Mass calculations Work done and energy transfer 5 6 Ray boxes Required Practical Activity 9 11 Pressure and pressure differences in fluids 7 7 Red shift Solar system; stability of orbital motions; satellites and Red-shift 8 19 Extension of a spring Forces and elasticity Total 100 6 Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level What do you need to do to improve? 2 Equation sheets Equation W = mg W = Fs Symbols Units W = weight W = N (newton’s) m = mass m = kg (kilograms) g = gravitational field strength g = N/kg (newtons per kilogram) W = work done W = J (joules) F = force F = N (newtons) s = distance s = m (meters) F = force F = ke k = spring constant e = extension Ee = elastic potential energy Ee = ½ ke2 M = Fd p=F A F = N (newtons) k = N/m (newtons per meter) e = m (meters) Ee = J (joules) k = spring constant k = N/m (newtons per meter) e = extension e = m (meters) M = moment M = Nm (newton-meters) F = force F = N (newtons) d = distance d = m (meters) p = pressure p = Pa (pascals) F = force F = N (newtons) A = area A = m2 (meters squared) p = Pa (pascals) p = hρg p = pressure h = m (meters) h = height ρ = density ρ = kg/m3 (kilograms per meter cubed g = gravitational field strength g = N/kg (newtons per kilogram) Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 3 s = vt a = Δv t s = distance s = m (meters) v = speed v = m/s (meters per second) t = time t = s (seconds) a = acceleration Δv = change in velocity Δv = m/s (meters per second) t = time t = s (seconds) v = final velocity v2 – u2 = 2as u = initial velocity a = acceleration s = distance F = force F = ma p = mv m = mass Δt v = m/s (meters per second) u = m/s (meters per second) a = m/s2 (meters per second squared) s = m (meters) F = N (newtons) m = kg (kilograms) a = acceleration a = m/s2 (meters per second squared) p = momentum p = kg m/s (kilograms metre per second) m = mass v = velocity F = m Δv a = m/s2 (meters per second squared) m = kg (kilograms) v = m/s (meters per second) F = force F = N (newtons) m = mass m = kg (kilograms) v = velocity v = m/s (meters per second) t = time t = s (seconds) Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 4 Equation Period = Symbols 1 . Period = s (seconds) Frequency T=1 F Frequency = Hz (hertz) T = Period T = s (seconds) f = frequency f = Hz (hertz) v = velocity f = frequency v = fλ Units λ = wavelength (lambda) Magnification = image height object height Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level v = m/s (meters per second) f = Hz (hertz) λ = m (meters) Ratio, so has no units 5 Equation F = BIl Note this is a capital I and a lowercase l Vp = np Vs ns Symbols Units F = force F = N (newtons) B = magnetic flux density B = T (tesla) I = Current I = A (Amps or Amperes) l = length l = m (meters) Vp = potential difference across the primary coil Vp = V (volts) Vs = potential difference across the secondary coil np = number of turns on the primary coil Vs = V (volts) np and ns have no units as they are just numbers ns = number of turns on the secondary coil Vs Is = Vp Ip Vs = potential difference across the secondary coil Vp = potential difference across the primary coil Is = current in the secondary coil Vs = V (volts) Vp = V (volts) Is = A (Amps or Amperes) Ip = A (Amps or Amperes) Ip = current in the primary coil Vs Is = power output Vp Ip = power input Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 6 Question 1 a) Waves can be either transverse or longitudinal. Give an example of a transverse wave. (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Sketch and label a transverse wave. c) Define the term “frequency” with regards to waves. (3 marks) (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… d) What type of wave is a sound wave? (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 7 e) A sound wave has a frequency of 50Hz. It is travelling at 57.5m/s. Calculate the wavelength of this sound wave. (4 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… f) Humans have a limited hearing range. We can hear noises with a frequency between 50Hz and 50GHz. Explain how the structure of the human ear causes this. (3 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… g) Explain why refraction occurs when a wave moves between two different mediums. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 8 Question 2 a) Describe the difference between mass and weight. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) The force of gravity is due to the gravitational field strength. Give the units for gravitational field strength. (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… c) Gravity is a non-contact force. Give two examples of other non-contact forces. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 9 The velocity time graph for a falling object is shown below. d) Write labels for the axes: i. X-axis (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii. Y-axis (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… e) The value for gravitational field strength is 9.8. Give the final acceleration reached by an object falling to earth. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… f) Describe the velocity-time graph for the falling object. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 10 Question 3 a) Velocity is a vector quantity; however, speed is scalar. Explain the difference between a scalar and vector quantity. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) For each of the following, state if it is a vector or a scalar quantity: i. Momentum (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii. Mass (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… c) A driver is preparing to start their car and start their journey. State the momentum of the car. (1 mark) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 11 d) Calculate the difference in momentum between two cars, both of mass 850kg. Car A is travelling left at 40m/s and car B is travelling right at 60m/s. (6 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… e) Car A and Car B move off as one object after the collision. Give the speed and direction. (6 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 12 f) Car A breaks suddenly and after 35m comes to a stop. Calculate the acceleration of the car as it stops. Give your answer to one decimal place. (5 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 13 Question 4 A ball falls from a dog’s mouth and rolls across a park. The ball decelerates at a rate of 127m/s2. It takes 64.77J to stop the ball from rolling, and it comes to a complete stop after 0.5m. Calculate the mass of the ball. (8 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 14 Question 5 A student was studying refraction and set up the following experiment. They have drawn the shape of the block; the normal and the path of light as it enters the block. Complete the student’s diagram. (6 marks) Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 15 Question 6 a) Describe the atmosphere. (3 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Explain the change in pressure as you move away from the earth. (4 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… c) Sketch a graph to show atmospheric pressure as you move away from the earth. (4 marks) Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 16 Question 7 a) Explain how the phenomenon of “red-shift” has helped to support the following ideas: • • The universe is expanding The Big Bang was the origin of the universe (4 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Explain how an object in orbit around earth can have a changing velocity but an unchanged speed. (3 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 17 Question 8 A student carried out an experiment to find the spring constant of a spring. The table shows the data collected. For this question length can be kept in cm, for ease of answering. Mass added (g) 0 100 200 300 400 Length of spring (cm) 17.0 23.5 30.0 36.5 43.0 a) Draw a second table to determine the values needed to plot a graph to find the spring constant. Use the value of 10 N/kg for gravity. (5 marks) b) There are two ways to determine the spring constant of a spring, from the data collected. Give both of these methods. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 18 c) Draw a graph that will allow you to determine the spring constant. d) Determine the spring constant for this spring in N/cm. (4 marks) (4 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 19 e) State how you could determine the work done when stretching this spring. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… f) Thus, calculate the work done to stretch a spring to 26cm. (2 marks) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… You’re made of star dust! Honestly! You’re a star! Now go and take a break! Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 20 Answers Question Answer Number 1a - Waves on the surface of water - Electromagnetic waves (general or named) 1b Guidance Any reasonable example Amplitude wavelength 1c 1d 1e 1f 1g 2a 2b 2c - Mark for correct amplitude Mark for correct wavelength Mark for general shape Number of peaks/troughs Per second Longitudinal Mark for correct formula Mark for correct substitution Mark for correct rearrangement Mark for answer AND units Velocity = Wavelength x Frequency 57.5 = Wavelength x 50 Wavelength = 57.5 / 50 Wavelength = 1.15m - Sound waves causes the ear drum to vibrate - Nerve converts this into information - Only works at certain frequencies - Speed changes - When there is a change in direction One mark for each bullet point One mark for each bullet point One mark for each bullet point One mark for each bullet point -Mass is fixed -Weight is dependent on gravity N/ Kg -electrostatic -magnetic Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 21 2di 2dii Time (seconds) Velocity (m/s) 2e 2f 9.8m/s/s -increasing velocity -levels off 3a - Vector includes direction - Scalar merely being figure 3bi 3bii 3c 3d Vector Scalar Zero - Mark - Mark - Mark - Mark - Mark - Mark for for for for for for Both label and units needed to score 1 mark, alternative can be given for time One mark for each bullet point correct formula correct substitution answer for car A answer for car B correct use of units once calculating difference Momentum = Mass x Velocity Car A momentum = 850 x 40 Car A momentum = 34,000 kg m/s Car B momentum = 850 x 60 = 51,000 kg m/s Difference = 51,000 – 34,000 = 17,000 kg m/s 3e -mark for -with one direction -mark for -mark for -mark for -mark for total momentum before collision number being negative to show Allow ecf from last part momentum after event mass after collision new velocity correct direction 51,000 - 34,000 = 17,000 kg m/s Momentum is conserved so after collision it is also 17,000 kg m/s Mass = 850 + 850 = 1700 kg Momentum / mass = velocity 17,000 / 1700 = 10m/s right Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 22 3f - Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark for correct formula for correct substitution for correct rearrangement for answer AND units correct rounding 22.857… loses one mark v2 – u2 = 2as 02 – 402 = 2 x a x 35 a = (02 – 402) / (2 x 35) a = - 22.9 m/s2 4 - Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark for for for for for for for for correct formula correct substitution correct rearrangement answer AND units correct formula correct substitution correct rearrangement answer AND units Work = Force x Distance 64.77 = Force x 0.5 Force = 64.77 / 0.5 Force = 129.54N Force = Mass x Acceleration 129.54 = Mass x 127 Mass = 129.54 / 127 Mass = 1.02kg 5 -labelled normal -line through block -refracted ray out the other side -angle of incident labelled -angle of refraction labelled -appropriate angles used 6a -thin layer around the earth -air -less dense with increasing altitude -decrease in pressure as move away from earth -particles colliding with the surface creating pressure -further up, less particles -total number of particles contributes to total pressure 6b Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level One mark for each bullet point 23 6c -x-axis should be altitude or distance in km -y-axis should be pressure in kPa -smooth curve -starting top left to bottom right No need for numbers or grid lines 7a - One mark for each bullet point 7b 8a 8b 8c 8d Observing distant stars / galaxies Moving further away / accelerating away Expansion / universe expanding Starting from single point Orbital speed is related to radius Velocity is a vector, and has direction Direction is changing, but not speed One mark for each bullet point - Mark for converting g to kg Mark for using weight = mass x gravity Mark for correct values weight column Mark for finding extension Mark for correct values in extension column Weight (N) Extension (cm) 0 0 1 6.5 2 13 3 19.5 4 26 - Using force = spring constant x extension - From the inverse of the gradient of the graph - Mark for label (extension) and scale on x axis - Mark for label (weight) and scale on y axis - Mark for plotting all point correctly - Mark for line of best fit Answer of 6.5 N/cm Either method from 8b can be used to gain marks - Mark Mark Mark Mark for for for for correct formula correct substitution correct rearrangement answer AND units OR - Clear triangle drawn on graph Calculation shown Inverse found Mark for answer AND units Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 24 8e 8f - Elastic potential energy = 0.5 x spring constant x (extension)2 - Mark for correct substitution - Mark for answer AND units Work done = 0.5 x 6.5 x 0.262 = 0.2J Primrose Kitten – YouTube Tutorials for GCSE and A-Level 25
