35
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Researcher Design
The
researchers
used
descriptive-
correlational
research design in this study to determine if there is a
significance
relationship
between
self-esteem
and
public
speaking anxiety of English major students. Subong (2005)
stated
that
descriptive
research
involves
inquiries
regarding the current condition of subject of the study. On
other
hand,
predictive
correlational
research
relationships
among
intends
to
naturally
identify
occurring
variables.
Descriptive-correlational
research
was
further
employed to find statistical connection, or correlations,
between
variables
predict
others.
so
that
some
The
used
of
factors
this
can
research
be
used
to
design
is
considered appropriate given the view of the nature of this
research which seeks to determine self-esteem and public
speaking anxiety of the respondents likewise to ascertain
the relationship among variables.
36
Locale of the Study
The
Mambusao
study
was
conducted
Satellite
College
at
and
Capiz
State
Burias
University
Campus
during
academic year 2017-2018.
Respondents of the Study
English
major
students
officially
enrolled
in
the
following courses: Bachelor of Arts (AB) and Bachelor of
Secondary Education (BSED) during academic year 2017-2018
were
the
respondents
of
the
study.
The
lists
of
the
students were obtained from the office of the registrar.
Sampling Procedures
The
sample
size
was
computed
using
the
formula
Parel et al. (1985) as cited by David (2002):
Nz2 (P (1-P)
n =
Nd2 +z2 (P (1-p)
Where:
N =
population
n =
sample size
z =
the standard normal deviate set at 1.96
corresponding to 95% level of confidence
of
37
To
Mambusao
P =
the proportion in the target population
estimated to have a particular
characteristics, 50 percent (.50)
d =
degree of accuracy designed set at 0.05
get
the
sample
Satellite
researchers
made
size
College
used
of
of
and
the
the
respondents
Burias
Campus,
proportional
from
the
allocation
formula by Cochran:
nNi
ni =
N
where:
ni = sample size of each course
Ni = population of each course
n = sample size of the study
N = population of the study
Sampling Technique
Respondents were selected using the drawing of lots.
All the names of the participants were written in a small
slip of paper, rolled and placed in separate box and was
drawn one at a time until the sample size was reached.
The distribution of the respondents by course is shown
in Table 1.
38
Table 1. Distribution of the respondents by course
COURSE
POPULATION
Bachelor of Arts
SAMPLE SIZE
PERCENTAGE
25
28.41
63
71.59
88
100.00
32
Bachelor of
Secondary Education
82
TOTAL
114
Research Instrument
The researchers gathered the data through the use of a
questionnaire with 3 parts. Part I gathered the student’s
personal
profile
such
as
sex,
age,
course,
year
level,
family monthly income and membership to organization. Part
II of the instrument determined the self-esteem of English
major students adapted from Heartherton and Polivy, (1991).
It is composed of 20 items to which the respondents was
responded
from
the
choices
strongly
agree,
Agree,
Undecided, Disagree, Strongly disagree. Every response has
the corresponding scores as follows:
Strongly agree
5
Agree
4
Undecided
3
Disagree
2
39
Strongly disagree
1
Part III of the instrument was determined the public
speaking
anxiety
of
English
major
students
adapted
from
McCroskey (1970). It was composed of 32 items to which the
respondents
Agree,
responded
Undecided,
from
the
Disagree,
choices
Strongly
Strongly
Agree,
Disagree.
Every
response has the corresponding score as follow:
Strongly agree
5
Agree
4
Undecided
3
Disagree
2
Strongly disagree
1
Prior to the used of the instruments in gathering the
data, it had undergone content validation by the advisory
committee.
Their
suggestions
and
recommendations
were
incorporated in the modification of the instrument. In like
manner, the instrument was also pilot - tested to thirty
(30) who will be not included as participants. The results
of the pilot - testing were used in doing factor analysis.
Constructing
instruments
validation
were
done
and
using
reliability
the
testing
Statistical
of
the
Package
for
Social Science (SPSS) software. Items with factor loading
of
.50
and
above
were
discarded.
According
to
McDaniel
(1992) in Isiderio, (2012) the entire research instrument
40
with
the
reliability
coefficient
of
.70
and
above
was
considered reliable.
Data Collection
Before the researchers were conducted the study, they
asked
permission
Mambusao
from
Satellite
the
Satellite
College
and
College
Campus
Director
of
Administrator
of
Burias Campus to give them the list of the English major
students as respondents of the study.
After
the
approval
was
granted,
the
researchers
administered the questionnaire.
Directions and other instructions were given by the
researchers to ensure clearness and understanding among the
respondents.
Retrieval
of
the
questionnaire
followed
as
soon as the respondents finished answering.
The data gathered were tabulated, processed, analyzed,
and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools with
the assistance of a statistician in handling statistical
data using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).
41
Data Analysis
The data gathered were subjected to descriptive and
inferential statistical analysis using Statistical Package
for
Social
Sciences
(SPSS).
The
statistical
tools
used
included the following:
Frequency count and percentage
These
statistical
tools
were
used
to
describe
the
respondent’s sex, age, course, year level, family monthly
income, and membership to organization.
Mean
This
was
utilized
to
determine
the
self-esteem
and
public speaking anxiety level of the respondents.
Standard deviation
This test was used to determine the variation of selfesteem and public speaking anxiety among respondents.
T-test
This was used to determine significant differences in
self-esteem
when
and
grouped
public
according
speaking
anxiety
to
age,
membership in organizations.
sex,
of
course
the
students
pursued
and
42
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
This was to determine significant differences in selfesteem and public speaking anxiety of the students when
grouped according to year level and monthly family income.
Pearson’s r
This was used to determine the relationship between
self-esteem and public speaking anxiety.