Year 11 - Further Global Perspectives Exam Preparation IMPORTANT NOTE ON DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED POINTS A developed point is one which is explained, or supported with evidence, usually drawn from the sources or the candidate’s experience. For example: Example 1 1a. Undeveloped point – A strength of Uki’s argument is the use of evidence from the World Bank 1b. Developed point – A strength of Uki’s argument is the use of evidence from the World Bank which comes from a credible source and is likely to be accurate. It can be trusted. 1c. Undeveloped point – A weakness of the argument is the use of personal testimony from experience. 1d. Developed point – A weakness of the argument is the use of personal testimony from experience. This experience may not apply to many other people and could be biased. It is not strong evidence. Example 2 2a. Undeveloped point – promoting lifestyle changes is not a good idea because it takes too long 2b. Developed point – promoting lifestyle changes is not a good idea; it takes too long because some people may ignore the advice given by governments and not bother to change their behaviour 2c. Developed point – encouraging governments to work together is the best solution as governments can share ideas and resources. This is supported in Source 4 when Uki says that cooperation between countries will prevent human suffering and reduce conflict. Q1. Always Source 1 and 2 c) Most significant 3 marks total - A clearly developed justification for the chosen point Discussion points: ● Scale of impact (greatest) ● Affects most people e.g. number of countries / regions / cities ● Multiple positive consequences ● Timescale for making a difference ● The depth of impact d) EXPLAIN PERSPECTIVE (Global, local, national) 3+3 marks total - A clearly developed explanation for each perspective 6 marks total - one (or more) developed point, and some undeveloped points Explicitly refer back to the question - scale of issue (local, national, global) Discuss relative effects and impacts ● environmental ● economic ● social ● cultural ● political views Q2. Always Source 3 a) “What are the strengths and weaknesses of the argument supporting this claim?” 6 marks total - At least 2 (or more) developed points, and some undeveloped points Clearly reasoned, credible and structured evaluation; two (or more) developed points clearly linked to the issue, with some other undeveloped points; or a wide range (four or more) of undeveloped points. Evaluation is clearly focused on the strengths and/or weaknesses of the General content guide: ● Tone of language ○ Persuasive manner, serious tone ○ Exaggeration ● Range of evidence (source of evidence) ○ Personal experience as evidence ○ Factual evidence ○ References, citation ● Counter arguments ○ Relavence ○ Logic ● Reliability? ○ Vested interest, value judgement ○ Authority ○ Newspaper bias General format: Pick at least 2 points below to develop ● Strengths of his argument ○ Quality of claim ■ Fact ■ opinion ■ value judgement ■ prediction ○ Tone ■ serious ■ assured ■ Knowledgeable ■ Persuasive ■ Reasonable/rational ○ Evidence used to support his argument ■ Statistics ■ Anecdote/personal experience ■ Published studies ■ Professional experience/qualifications ■ Range/variety of evidence ■ Credibility/reputation of evidence ● Weakness of argument ○ Evidence ■ method of research/evidence is partially cited – the date, title, author and source are not fully clear ■ there is no clear, specific statistical/numerical evidence ■ the evidence is not easy to verify/check from the information provided ■ evidence may be out of date ■ possible newspaper bias ■ too much reliance on opinion/use of examples is anecdotal ● personal testimony/anecdote/values may not apply to other places/countries etc. ○ Author ■ level of expertise of the author is not clear and only asserted – may have poor knowledge claims in practice ■ use of stereotypes ○ Quality of claim ■ fails to acknowledge counterarguments ■ repetition of points ■ the evidence may be presented in a biased way (vested interest) ■ Tone ● exaggeration/assertion ● emotionally charged ● Conclusion ○ Briefly summarise the main strengths and weaknesses and evaluate whether the argument is strong or weak overall Strengths: ● ● ● ● ● ● Uses a range of sources as evidence.( many example) Uses expert sources from reputable organisations. Clear. Logical. Relevant. Reasonable tone. Weaknesses : ● ● ● ● ● ● Some assertion. Some appeal to emotion. Some exaggeration. Some repetition. Some stereotyping. Doesn’t acknowledges counter arguments. b) “How could you test this claim? You may consider the types of information, sources of evidence or methods you might use.” 8 marks total - At least 3 developed points, and some undeveloped points Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation of a range of ways to test the claim. The response usually contains three (or more) developed points and may contain some undeveloped points. The response is clearly and explicitly related to testing the claim. Reference to preventing bias throughout General format: Paragraph 1: type of information=>source of said information=>methods of collecting said information Paragraph 2: type of information=>source of said information=>methods of collecting said information Paragraph 3: type of information=>source of said information=>methods of collecting said information Content guide: => Types of information: ● Statistics/information from the past and present ● Data from relevant experts in the field ● individual testimony or personal experience ● material from international organisations and pressure groups => Sources of information: ● national and local governments and their departments ● international organisations, e.g. United Nations; UNESCO ● experts ● research reports ● pressure groups, charities and NGOs ● media and the internet ● Induviduals relevant to the issue => Possible methods: ● review of secondary sources/literature/research/documents ● interview relevant experts and professionals ● internet search ● questionnaires ● surveys Q3. Always source 4 a) IDENTIFY- Carefully from the case study b) EXPLAIN –identification from case study c) IDENTIFY A CERTAIN TYPE OF ARGUMENT: ● ● Fact- a verifiable piece of information Opinion- a view or judgement formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge ● ● ● ● ● Value judgement– assessment of the rightness or wrongness of something // defined as a view or belief about what is important/ethical/moral/right or wrong. Claim- an assertion that something is true, can be based on facts or cannot be based on facts Prediction- attempts to foresee or say what will happen in the future Vested interest- have a personal stake in something which causes you to be biased toward it (money, status etc.) Bias- opinion based on prejudice against a person/group d) “Which argument is more convincing? Your answer should consider both arguments, and you should support your point of view with their words. You should also consider: • the strength of their reasoning and evidence • their use of language • different types of information.” 15 marks total - At least 3 (or more) developed points, and some underdeveloped points Wide range of clear, credible and well-explained points about which argument is more convincing. Coherent, structured evaluation of both arguments with clear comparison. - - Choose three points to argue and develop - Only choose one argument - Do not say both are good/bad Have a balanced discussion - Don't separately discuss each person in a different paragraph - May discuss flaws about your chosen one, but why it's still better than the other Talk about both arguments in each paragraph COMPARE BOTH ARGUMENTS THROUGHOUT ● Strength of reasoning: ○ Logic-relevant, make sense ○ structure ○ Balance-counter arguments ○ Claims- factual or not ● Use of language: ○ tone – emotive, exaggerated; precise ○ clarity ● Evidence: ○ range of information and depth-how much information ○ Relevance - whether evidence supports the argument ○ sufficiency – sample size ○ ○ ○ ○ source – media; internet date – how recent/outdated different types of information – fact, opinion, value, anecdote testimony – from experience and expert ● Sources of bias: ○ local interest ○ economic ○ personal values and beliefs ● Acceptability of their values to others: ○ how likely other people are to agree with their perspective/view ○ assertions? ● Conclusion ○ Which person’s argument is more convincing, and why the other one isn’t Q4. Source 1-4 Recommend a certain action/decision with why… ● state your recommendation ● give reasons to support your choice ● use the material in the Sources and/or any of your own ideas ● consider different arguments and perspectives.” 24 Marks total – four (or more) developed points, and some undeveloped points Are expected to use and develop the material found in Sources 1–4, but should go beyond simply repeating or recycling without adaptation. Other material may be introduced but it is not necessary to gain full marks. NB: Scope of impact on different scales - Reference throughout - Local - National - Global General content guide: • reference to scale of impact • reference to different consequences and implications for individuals/groups/government/world • how long it might take to make a difference • barriers to change • the power of collective action, e.g. cooperation between countries/trade agreements • the influence of individuals and groups on decision making • the role of vested interests and power differences • potential conflicts of interest • difficulties in planning and coordinating improvements • cost and access to resources to implement change General format: ● State the choice picked - a simple statement ● Advantages of the option picked ○ Positive implications on the following areas ■ environmental ■ economic ■ social ■ cultural ○ Stakeholders that are positively impacted ■ Taxpayers and Citizens ■ Home country business ■ Government ■ Outer world ○ Scale, time and cost of decision ■ The power of collective action - Across different areas/nations/ worldwide etc. ■ Impact of the decision is long-lasting ■ Effects can be seen quickly/in the short term ■ Funding and investing required ● One-off or long term ● high or low compared to other options ■ Cost and access to resources to implement change ● Disadvantages of other options ○ Negative implications on the following areas ■ environmental ■ economic ■ social ■ cultural ○ Stakeholders that are negatively impacted/why is it not benefitting them ■ Taxpayers and Citizens ■ Home country business ■ Government ■ Outer world ■ Other conflicts of interest ○ Time scale and cost of decision ■ Impact of the decision is short lasting ■ Takes a long time for effects to be seen/have an impact ■ Funding and investing required - One-off or long term/high or low compared to other options ○ Barriers/difficulties to implement choice ■ Potential conflicts of interest between stakeholders ■ Difficulties in planning and coordinating improvements ■ Cost and access to resources to implement change ● Conclusion ○ Paraphrase - Brief summary of why it is the best solution ■ How the advantages outweigh the disadvantages ■ better results long term/short term ■ why more effective than other methods
