Siemens Building Technologies
Fire Safety System – Basics
07th February 2018
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IN BT SSP-OP
Agenda
Day 1
10.00 AM
10.15 AM
Introduction
10.15 AM
11:30 AM
Fire Detection Concept & Briefing of Basic Design
~11:30 AM
11:45 AM
Coffee Break
11.45 AM
12.45 PM
Knowing the Fire Alarm System Components
12.45 PM
01.00 PM
Question and Answer
~1:00 PM
1:30 PM
Lunch break
02.00 PM
02.30 PM
Basics of Fire Protection System. ( Active & Passive )
PPT
02.30 PM
04.30 PM
Basics of Gas based Fire Suppression System
PPT
04.30 PM
05.00 PM
Fire Graphics Video and FSS Video
PPT
05.00 PM
05.15 PM
Question and Answer
05.15 PM
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PPT
PPT
Open
Open
End of the Session
Jan 2018
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IN BT SSP-OP
Basics of Fire Detection & Alarm System
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What is Fire ?
3 Elements of Fire
Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
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Classification of Fires & Flooding Media
Suitable Media
Water
Foam
Gas
DCP
Wet Chemical
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Fire Protection Concept
Detecting
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Extinguishing
Alarming
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Types of Fire Safety Systems
Fire Safety System
Fire Detection
Fire Protection
and
System
Alarm System
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Types of FAS
Type of
Fire Alarm Systems
Conventional
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Addressable
Kalidasan S
IN BT SSP-OP
Conventional FAS
In a typical Conventional Fire Alarm System will identify
the fire by zone wise.
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Addressable FAS
System in which signals from detectors, manual call points or any other devices are
individually identified at the control panel.
The Fire Control Panel 'communicates' with each detector individually and receives a
status report, i.e. 'Healthy', 'In Alarm' or 'In Fault', etc.
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Definitions
Addressable Device : A fire alarm system component with
separate identification or that is used to individually control
other functions.
Detector : A device in the circuit that has sensor that
responds to a physical stimulus such as smoke or heat or
flame.
Multi Criteria Detector: A detector that responds to more
than one of the fire phenomena. For example smoke-cumheat and Rate-of-rise and fixed temperature heat detector.
Fixed Temp. Detector: A device that responds when its
operating element becomes heated to a predetermined level.
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Definitions…
Rate-of Rise Detector: A device that responds when the
temperature rises at a rate exceeding a predetermined value.
Manual Call Point: A manually operated device used to initiate
an alarm signal. It can be only manual alarm system or automatic
alarm system.
Fire Alarm Control Panel: Equipment through which fire
detectors supplied with power and which:
a. Is used to accept a detection signal and actuate a fire alarm
b. Is used to monitor automatically the correct functioning of the system
c. Is used to indicate or display the location of fire/alarm activation device
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Definitions…
Detection Zone :
1. Area that has a group of fire detection devices for which there is a
separate common display in the fire alarm control panel.
2. The floor area of a single zone shall not exceed 2000m2.
3. Size of the conventional panels is normally referred by number of zones.
4. Each zone can be connected with the conventional detectors not exceeding
20.
5. The search distance shall not exceed 30m.
6. If the manual call points are located on the landings of an enclosed
staircase shall be connected to the adjacent zones.
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IN BT SSP-OP
Definitions…
Addressable Panel: size of the analog addressable panel is normally referred by
number of loops. Loop shall be of Class A wiring. Class A wiring will be return loop.
Loop:
1. Length of the loop shall not exceed more than 3000m, where the size of the cable
shall not be less than 1.5 mm2
2. Number of addressable detectors
manufacturer’s recommendation.
and
devices
per
loop
shall
be
as
per
3. It is recommended that number of detectors per loop may not be exceeding 90 %
of the full capacity.
4. Fault isolator modules shall be employed for every 20-30 devices.
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Definitions
Sounders:
1. The sounders should be electronic hooters/horns
2. A minimum sound level of either 65dB or 5 dB above the
ambient level
3. Sound level exceeding 120 dB in areas which are occupied
may produce hearing damage.
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Choice of Detector
•
Computer / EDP centre / other electronic equipment which have high
a value should be protected by smoke detectors or combination of
smoke and heat detectors (multi criteria).
•
Heat detectors are suitable in areas where heat producing equipment
like kitchen, pantry etc.,
•
Flammable liquid storage area, where chances of rapid heat build- up
exists like garages, repair shops, battery rooms etc., heat or Flame
detector should be used.
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Sitting and Spacing of Detectors
1. Under flat ceilings, the horizontal distance between any point in a
protected area and the detector shall not exceed 7.5 m in case of
smoke detector and 5.3m in case of heat detector.
2. Detectors shall not be mounted within 500 mm of any walls, partitions
or obstructions to flow of smoke, such as beams and duct work.
3. Ceiling obstructions like beams are deeper than 10 % of the overall
ceiling height shall be considered as a wall. That is each bay shall be
treated as a separate enclosure.
4. Detectors shall not be mounted within 1.0 m of any air inlet or forced
ventilation system.
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Sitting and Spacing of Detectors
5. Voids as in false ceiling / flooring is more than 800 mm shall be
protected with detectors with spacing like normal installation.
6. However the voids are less than 800 mm height no need for
independent coverage unless the void is spread of fire products
7. Bathroom, lavatories, WC etc., need not be protected
8. For irregular shaped areas, the spacing between the detectors and
any point of the area is not greater than 0.7 times the determined
spacing
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Standards for FAS
IS:2189 : Indian Standard for Selection, installation and Maintenance of
Automatic Fire Detection And Alarm System – Code of
Practice
NFPA :72 :
National Fire Alarm Code, USA
BS: 5839-1 : Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings —Part 1
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Selection & Design as per IS:2189
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Spacing’s at Different Ceiling Height
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Modified Spacing for High Air Movement Areas
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Height Limits
1. Smoke detectors can be used height upto 10.0 m
2. Beyond 7.0 m height Heat detectors are not allowed
3. Beyond 10.0 m height – Only Beam detectors or Aspirating type
detectors shall be used.
4. Optical Beam detector shall be installed at every 15.0 m.
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Spacing for Manual Call Point
1. Manual call points shall be located that, no person in the premises has to travel
distances of more than 30 m to reach them.
2. Manual call points shall be located preferably near entry to staircases at every
level.
3. When manual call points are also installed external to the building, the travel
distance shall be 45 m.
4. Where necessary, the travel distance may require to be reduced to less than 30 m,
where there is difficulty in free access or potentially dangerous risks.
5. Call points shall be fixed at a height of 1.4 m above the surrounding floor level.
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Spacing & Design as per NFPA 72
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Spacing as per NFPA 72
1. On smooth ceiling, spacing of spot-type smoke detectors shall be
9.1m (30ft)
2. Listed spacing for Heat detectors shall also be 9.1 m
3. For smooth ceiling, all point on the ceiling shall have a detector within
a distance equal to 0.7 times the selected spacing
4. Where the beams project more than 460mm below the ceiling and are
more than 2.4m on center, each bay formed by the beams shall be
treated as a separate area.
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Spacing as per NFPA 72
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Spacing as per NFPA 72
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Spacing as per NFPA 72
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Spacing in Sloped Ceiling
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Spacing as per NFPA 72
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Location of Duct Detector
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Orientation of Duct Detector
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Spacing as per BS:5839
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Spacing as per BS:5839
1. Under flat ceiling, the horizontal distance between any point in
protected area and the detector nearest to that point should not
exceed:
•
7.5 m if the nearest detector is a smoke detector
•
5.3 m if the nearest detector is a heat detector
2. Corridor not exceeding 2 m width:
•
15.0 m for Smoke detector
•
10.6 m for Heat detector
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Spacing as per BS: 5839
3. Ceiling obstructions, such as structural beams, greater than 150 mm
in depth and deeper than 10 % of the overall ceiling height should
be treated as walls
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Presented By…
Kalidasan S
Solutions Architect – Fire Safety Systems
Siemens Ltd
Building Technologies
Seethakathi Business Centre
272/688, 8th Floor, Anna Salai
Chennai – 600 006
Tel: + 91 44 3342 6062
Fax: + 91 44 3342 6002
HP: + 91 96000 48776
Email : kalidasan.s@siemens.com
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Thank you for your Attention
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