APPENDIX
DRUGS AND DOSAGES
Thirumurthy Velpandian
I. ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST
-BLOCKERS
Nonselective:
Esmolol (ultra
short acting)
IV: 0.05–0.5 mg/kg
Nebivolol
(vasodilatory)
Oral: 2.5–5 mg/day
Oral: 400–1200 mg/day
IV: 20–40 mg
Phenoxybenzamine
(irreversible)
Oral: 20–60 mg/day
IV: 1 mg/kg
Acebutolol
(partial ­agonist)
Phentolamine
IV: 5 mg
1 and 2 Selective:
1 Selective:
Prazosin
Oral: 0.5–4 mg (twice or thrice a day)
Doxazosin
Oral: 1–8 mg (once or twice a day)
Terazosin
Oral: 2–10 mg/day
Alfuzosin
Oral: 5–10 mg/day
1A Selective:
Tamsulosin
Oral: 100–600 mg/day
IV: 20–40 mg
Carvedilol
Oral: 6.25–50 mg/day
II. O
PIOID ANALGESICS: AGONISTS
AND ANTAGONISTS
Oral: 0.4–0.8 mg/day
Strong agonists:
2 Selective:
Yohimbine
Labetalol
Oral: 2 mg
-BLOCKERS
Nonselective 1 and 2:
Alfentanil
IV: 3–245 µg/kg
Fentanyl
IV: 2–4 µg/kg
Heroin
Restricted in India
Morphine
Adult:
Oral: 10–50 mg
IM: 10–15 mg
Epidural/intrathecal: 2–3 mg
Children:
IM: 0.1–0.2 mg/kg
Hydrocodone
Oral: 20–80 mg/day
Hydromorphone
Oral: 8–32 mg
IM/SC: 4–12 mg/day
Propranolol
Oral: 40–160 mg/day
IV: 2–5 mg
Carvedilol
Oral: 6.25–50 mg/day
Labetalol
Oral: 100–600 mg/day
IV: 20–40 mg
Nadolol
Oral: 40–320 mg/day
Penbutolol
Oral: 10–80 mg/day
Pindolol
Oral: 10–30 mg/day
Levorphanol
Oral: 6–12 mg/day
Sotalol
Oral: 160–480 mg/day
Meperidine
Timolol
Topical: 0.25–0.5% (two times a day)
Oral: Adult = 300–1200 mg/day,
­children = 1.1–1.8 mg/kg
Carteolol
Topical: 1% (two times a day)
Methadone
Oral/IM: 2.5–40 mg/day
Oxycodone
Oral: 20–80 mg/day
1 Selective:
Atenolol
Oral: 25–100 mg/day
Oxymorphone
Oral: 5–40 mg
Metoprolol
Oral: 50–400 mg/day
IV: 5–15 mg
Remifentanil
IV: 0.5–1 1–2 µg/kg
Sufentanil
IV/ Epidural: 10–15 µg (or) 1–2 µg/kg
Betaxolol
Topical: 0.5% (two times a day)
Moderate/low agonist:
Bisoprolol
Oral: 2.5–10 mg/day
Codeine
Celiprolol
Oral: 100–600 mg/day
Oral: 30–60 mg
(Continued)
835
LIR_Appendix.indd 835
10/16/18 12:45 PM
836
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
IV. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
(Continued)
Mixed agonist–antagonist and partial agonists:
Pentazocine
Oral: 50–100 mg
IM/SC: 30–60 mg
Buprenorphine
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors:
Captopril
Oral: 50–150 mg/day
IM/IV/SC: 0.3–0.6 mg
Sublingual: 0.2–0.4 mg
Enalapril
Oral: 2.5–40 mg/day
Ramipril
Oral: 1.25–10 mg/day
Butorphanol
IV/IM: 1–4 mg
Lisinopril
Oral: 5–40 mg/day
Nalbuphine
IV/IM/SC: 40–160 mg/day
Quinapril
Oral: 10–40 mg/day
Fosinopril
Oral: 10–40 mg/day
Antagonists:
Naloxone
IV: Adults = 0.4–10 mg, pediatric = 10 μg/kg
Angiotensin receptor blockers:
Naltrexone
Oral: 50 mg/day
Losartan
Oral: 50–100 mg/day
Telmisartan
Oral: 20–80 mg/day
Valsartan
Oral: 80–160 mg/day
Candesartan
Oral: 8–16 mg/day
Other analgesics:
Tramadol
Oral/IV/IM: Adults = 200–600 mg/day,
pediatric = 1–2 mg/kg
Tapentadol
Oral: 100–600 mg/day
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor:
Sacubitril/Valsartan
III. C
ENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
STIMULANTS
PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS
Methylxanthines:
Oral: 80–160 mg/day
Aldosterone antagonists:
Spironolactone
Oral: 50–150 mg/day
Eplerenone
Oral: 50–100 mg/day
β-Adrenoreceptor blockers:
Bisoprolol
Oral: 2.5–10 mg/day
Caffeine
Oral: 1600 mg/day
Carvedilol
Oral: 6.25–50 mg/day
Theophylline
Oral: 100–300 mg 8 hourly
Metoprolol succinate
Oral: 25–200 mg/day
Nicotine
Transdermal: 7–21 mg/day
Oral: 6– 96 mg/day
Metoprolol tartrate
Oral: 100–450 mg/day
IV: 5–15 mg/day
Varenicline
Oral: 0.5–1 mg/day
Diuretics:
Cocaine
Topical: Maximum up to 3 mg/kg
Metolazone
Oral: 5–20 mg/day
Amphetamine
Oral: Adults = 5–60 mg/day,
children = 2.5–40 mg/day
Furosemide
Oral: 20–80 mg/day
Bumetanide
Oral: 1–5 mg/day
IV/IM: 2–4 mg/day
Torsemide
Oral: 2.5–20 mg/day
Methamphetamine
Oral: 20–25 mg/day 12 hourly
Dextroamphetamine
Oral: Adults = 5–60 mg/day,
children = 2.5–40 mg/day
Lisdexamfetamine
Oral: 30–70 mg/day
Methylphenidate or mixed amphetamine salts:
Methylphenidate
Oral: 18–72 mg/day
Dexmethylphenidate
Oral: 5–20 mg/day
Modafinil
Oral: 200–400 mg/day
Armodafinil
Oral: 150–250 mg/day
Selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
reuptake inhibitors:
Atomoxetine
Oral: 40–100 mg/day
Hallucinogens
Lysergic acid
­diethyamide (LSD)
Restricted in India
Tetrahydrocannabinol
(Marijuana)
Restricted in India
LIR_Appendix.indd 836
Direct vaso- and venodilators:
Hydralazine
Oral: 25–150 mg/day
Isosorbide dinitrate
Oral: 25–150 mg/day
Sublingual: 10–40 mg/day
FDC (Hydralazine +
Isosorbide dinitrate)
Oral: (30 mg + 56.25 mg) to
(60 mg + 112.5 mg) per day
HCN channel blocker:
Ivabradine
5–15 mg/day
Inotropic agents:
Digoxin
Oral: 0.125–0.5 mg/day
IV/IM: 0.1–0.25 mg
Dobutamine
IV: 2.5–10 µg/kg
Milrinone
IV: 50 µg/kg
B-Type natriuretic peptide:
Nesiritide
IV: 2 μg/kg
10/16/18 12:45 PM
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
V. ANTIANGINAL DRUGS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
-Blockers
Propranolol
Oral: 10–160 mg 6–12 hourly
IV: 2–5 mg
Atenolol
Oral: 25–100 mg/day
Bisoprolol
Oral: 2.5–10 mg/day
Metoprolol
Oral: 50–600 mg/day
IV: 5–15 mg
Calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridines):
Amlodipine
Oral: 5–10 mg/day
Nifedipine
Oral: 5–20 mg 8–12 hourly
Felodipine
Oral: 5–10 mg/day
Calcium channel blockers (nondihydropyridines):
Diltiazem
Oral: 30–60 mg 6–8 hourly
Verapamil
Oral: 40–160 mg 8 hourly
IV: 5 mg
Nitrates:
Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate
Vasodilator and PDE III inhibitor:
Cilostazol (Oral)
Abciximab (IV)
0.25 mg/kg followed by 10 µg/min over
12 hours
Tirofiban (IV)
0.4 μg/kg/min over 30 minutes, followed by
0.1 μg/kg/min over 48–108 hours
Eptifibatide (IV)
180 μg/kg/IV followed by 2 μg/kg/min over
72 hours
ANTICOAGULANTS
Heparin (IV, SC)
Enoxaparin (SC)
20–40 mg/day
Dalteparin (SC)
100–200 U/kg 12–24 hourly
Synthetic parenteral:
Argatroban (IV)
2–25 µg/kg/min
Fondaparinux (SC)
SC: 5–10 mg/day
Sublingual: 5–10 mg
Oral: 10–20 mg
Sustained release oral: 20–40 mg
Sustained release oral: 0.5–1.0 g
12 hourly
IV: Adults = 5000–10,000 U bolus followed
by 750–1000 U/hr, children = 50–100 U/kg
SC: 5000 U 8–12 hourly
Low molecular weight heparins:
Hirudin analogs:
Oral: 20 mg 12 hourly
100 mg 12 hourly
GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors:
Sublingual: 0.5 mg
Oral: 5–15 mg
Transdermal: 14–16 hr/day
IV: 5–20 µg/min
Sodium channel blocker:
Ranolazine
837
Bivalirudin (IV)
0.75 mg/kg bolus followed by 1.75 mg/kg/hr
Desirudin (SC)
SC: 15 mg 12 hourly
Warfarin (Oral)
2–10 mg/day
Dabigatran (Oral)
75–150 mg 12 hourly
Apixaban (Oral)
2.5–5 mg 12 hourly
Betrixaban (Oral)
80 mg/day for 35–42 days
Edoxaban (Oral)
30–60 mg/day
Rivaroxaban (Oral)
10–20 mg/day
THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS (IV)
VI. D
RUGS USED IN TREATING
DYSFUNCTIONS OF HEMOSTASIS
Streptokinase
IV: 2.5–15 lac IU over 30 minutes to 1 hour,
1 lac IU/hr for 24 hours
Urokinase
IV: 2.5 lac IU over 10 minutes followed by 5 lac
IU over 1 hour or 6000 IU/min for 2 hours;
4400 IU/kg over 10 minutes followed by
4400 IU/kg/hr for 12 hours
PLATELET INHIBITORS
Thromboxane A2 inhibitor:
Aspirin (Oral)
75–150 mg/day
Vasodilator and thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibitor:
Dipyridamole (Oral)
150–300 mg/day
ADP receptor inhibitors:
Clopidogrel (Oral)
75 mg/day
Ticlopidine (Oral)
250 mg 12 hourly
Prasugrel (Oral)
5–10 mg/day
Ticagrelor (Oral)
60–90 mg 12 hourly with 75–100 mg
Aspirin
Cangrelor (IV)
30 µg/kg bolus followed by 4 µg/kg over
2 hours
LIR_Appendix.indd 837
Alteplase (tPA)
IV: 15 mg bolus followed by 35–50 mg over
30 minutes to 1 hour; 100 mg over 2 hours
Reteplase
IV: 10 mg over 10 minutes, every 30 minutes
Tenecteplase
IV: 0.5 mg/kg
TREATMENT OF BLEEDING
Protamine
­sulfate (IV)
0.25–1.5 mg to neutralise 100 units of
heparin
Tranexamic acid
(Oral, IV)
Oral: 10–15 mg/kg 8–12 hourly or 1–1.5 g
8 hourly
IV: 0.5–1 g 8 hourly
Vitamin K1
(phytonadione)
Oral IM: 5–10 mg
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
838
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
(Continued)
TREATMENT OF BLEEDING
Idarucizumab (IV)
5g
Aminocaproic
acid (IV)
IV: 1 g/hr for 8 hours
Oral: 1–1.25 g/hr for 8 hours
VII. DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT
OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND OTHER
BONE DISORDERS
Penicillin G
­procaine
IM/IV
0.5–1 MU/day
Pencillin V
(phenoxymethyl
penicillin)
Oral
Oral: 250–500 mg every
6–8 hourly
Pediatric: 25–50 mg/kg/day
(6 hourly doses)
β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins (antistaphylococcal
­penicillins; narrow spectrum):
Methicillin
IV/IM
Discontinued
Cloxacillin
Oral/IV/IM
0.25–0.5 g 6 hourly, IV/IM
0.25–1 g
Pediatric: 25–50 mg/kg/day
(6 hourly doses)
Nafcillin
IV
1–2 g every 4–6 hours
Pediatric: 50–100 mg/kg/day
(divided doses)
Oxacillin
IV
0.25–1 g every 4–6 hours
Pediatric: 50–100 mg/kg/day
(4–6 hourly doses)
Dicloxacillin
Oral
125–250 mg 6 hourly
Pediatric: 12.5–25 mg/kg/day
6 hourly
HORMONAL REGULATION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE
­HOMEOSTASIS
Calcitonin
IM/SC: 50–100 IU/day
16–32 IU/kg/day
Parathyroid hormone
­derivative—Teriparatide
SC: 20 µg/day
Vitamin D–Hormone
­replacement therapy (HRT)
Vit D3 oral: 400–1000IU/day
ANTIRESORPTIVE AGENTS
Bisphosphonates:
Abaloparatide
SC: 80 µg/day
Alendronate
Oral: 5–40 mg/day
Ibandronate
Oral: 2.5 mg/day
Risedronate
Oral: 5 mg/day
Zoledronic acid
IV: 4 mg per week
Monoclonal antibody:
Drugs for disorders of bone remodeling:
Oral: 5–20 mg/kg/day
Etidronate
Pamidronate
IV: 30–90 mg/wk
Tiludronate
Oral: 400 mg/day
Selective estrogen receptor modulator:
Oral: 60 mg/day
Raloxifene
VIII. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
AFFECTING CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
(PENICILLINS AND CONGENERS)
ROUTE
DOSAGE
Natural penicillins:
Aqueous
­penicillin G
(­benzylpenicillin)
IM or IV
0.5–5 MU IM or IV 6–12 hourly
Pediatric: 0.025–0.4 MU/kg/day
(4–6 hourly doses)
Penicillin G
­benzathine
IM
0.6–2.5 MU IM 12–24 hourly
LIR_Appendix.indd 838
Ampicillin
Oral/IV/IM
0.25–2 g every 6 hours
Pediatric: 50–150 mg/kg/day
Amoxicillin
Oral/IV/IM
0.25–0.5 g 8 hourly
Pediatric: 25–40 mg/kg/day
(8 hourly doses)
Bacampicillin
Oral
400–800 mg 12 hourly
Cloxacillin
Oral/IM/IV
250–500 mg 6 hourly
0.25–1 g 6 hourly
SC: 120–360 mg every 4 weeks
Denosumab
CLASSIFICATION/
NAME
Extended spectrum penicillins (Aminopenicillins):
Extended spectrum penicillins (antipseudomonals):
CARBOXYPENICILLINS
Carbenicillin
IV/IM
1–5 g IV/1–2 g IM 4–6 hourly
Ticarcillin
IV
3 g IV every 4 hours
UREIDOPENICILLINS
Azlocillin
Discontinued
Mezlocillin
Discontinued
Piperacillin
IV/IM
IM/IV 100–150 mg/kg/day
8 hourly
ß-Lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam,
­tazobactam) and their combinations:
Amoxicillin +
clavulanic acid
Oral/IV/IM
250 mg + 125 mg to 500 mg +
250 mg 8–12 hourly
IV/IM 1 g + 0.2 g 6–8 hourly
Paediatric: <12 weeks of age:
30 mg/kg/day every 12 hours from
125 mg/5 mL oral suspension
12 weeks and older: 25–45 mg/kg/
day every 12 hours from 200 or
400 mg/5 ml oral suspension
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
839
(Continued)
Ampicillin +
sulbactam
IV/IM
1 g + 0.5 g–2 g + 1 g every
6–8 hours
Pediatric: 1 year or older: 300
mg/kg every 6 hours (200 mg
ampicillin + 100 mg sulbactam)
Sultamicillin
tosylate
Oral
75–750 mg twice daily
Piperacillin +
tazobactam
IV
4 g + 0.5 g 8 hourly by IV
Pediatric: 2–9 months age: 80 mg
piperacillin/10 mg tazobactam/
kg, every 8 hours
9 months and older: 100 mg piperacillin/12.5 mg tazobactam/kg
every 8 hours
Weighing more than 40 kg, same
as adult dose
Third generation (extended spectrum of activities
and extended gram-negative coverage; ­Pseudomonas
aeruginosae; Serratia; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; activity
for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus ­pneumoniae,
Enterobacteriaceae):
Cefoperazone
IV/IM
1–3 g IV/IM 12 hourly
Cefotaxime
IV/IM
1–2 g 6–12 hourly
Pediatric: 50–100 mg/kg/day
12 hourly
Ceftriaxone
CLASSIFICATION/NAME
ROUTE
(IV/IM/ORAL)
DOSAGE
First generation (broad spectrum of activity and
low toxicity):
Cefadroxil
Oral
0.5–1 g/day 12 hourly
Ceftazidime
IV/IM
Cephalexin
IV/IM
Oral
Oral
IV/oral
Pediatric: 7–14 mg/kg
12–24 hourly
Cefixime
Oral
Pediatric: 4–8 mg/kg/day
12–24 hourly
Cefpodoxime
proxetil
Oral
Ceftibuten
Oral
Pediatric: 5 mg/kg 12 hourly
Fourth generation (extended gram-negative coverage;
increased activity against Streptococci and MRSA):
Cefepime
IV/IM
Discontinued
Cefotetan
IV/IM
1–2 g 12 hourly
Cefoxitin
IV
1–2 g 6–8 hourly
Pediatric: 75–150 mg/kg/day
6 hourly
0.5 g/day 12–24 hourly
Pediatric: 7.5–20 mg/kg
12 hourly
0.75–1.5 g 8 hourly
Pediatric: 50–100 mg/kg/day
6 hourly
LIR_Appendix.indd 839
0.5–2 g 8–12 hourly
Pediatric: 75–120 mg/kg,
8 hourly
IV
0.25–1 g/day 6 hourly
0.25–1 g 8 hourly
IM/IV/oral
200–400 mg 12–24 hourly
Ceftaroline
Oral
Cefuroxime
200 mg 12 hourly
Fifth generation (extended spectrum against MRSA):
Cefaclor
Oral
200–400 mg/day 12 hourly
Pediatric: 25–100 mg/kg/day
divided 6 hourly
Second generation (intermediate spectrum; extended
gram-negative coverage; active against Enterobacter,
­Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae):
Cefprozil
300 mg 12 hourly
0.5–1 g/day 8 hourly
Pediatric: 25–50 mg/kg/day
6 hourly
Cephradine
0.5–2 g 8–12 hourly
Pediatric: 75–150 mg/kg/day
8 hourly
Pediatric: 30 mg/kg/day
12 hourly
Cefazolin
1–4 g/day IV/IM 24 hourly
Pediatric: 50–100 mg/kg
12–24 hourly
Cefdinir
IX. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
AFFECTING CELL WALL
SYNTHESIS (CEPHALOSPORINS
AND CONGENERS)
IV/IM
0.6 g 12 hourly as slow IV
infusion (1 hr)
Pediatric: 8–12 mg/kg
8 hourly slow IV infusion (1 hr)
IV
0.5 g 8 hourly as IV as slow
infusion over 2 hours
Doripenem
IV
0.5 g (slow IV infusion over
1 hr) 8 hourly
FaropenemM
Oral
150–300 mg 8 hourly
Imipenem/
cilastatin
IV
0.5 g 6–8 hourly (max 4 g/day)
Meropenem
IV
Ceftabiprole
Carbapenems:
Pediatric: 15–25 mg/kg
6 hourly
0.5–2 g 8 hourly
Pediatric: 60–120 mg/kg
8 hourly
Monobactam:
Aztreonam
IM/IV
0.5–2 g 6–12 hourly
Pediatric: 30 mg/kg 6–8 hourly
10/16/18 12:45 PM
840
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
X. CELL WALL INHIBITORS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Vancomycin
Oral: 125–500 mg
IV: 0.5–1 g
Daptomycin
IV: 4–6 mg/kg
Telavancin
IV: 10 mg/kg/day
XI. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
First generation (biosynthesis; broad-spectrum antibiotic):
Roxithromycin
Oral:
Adult = 150–300 mg twice a day, 30 minutes
before meals
Children = 2.5–5 mg/kg twice a day
Azithromycin
Oral:
Adult: 500 mg/day 1 hour before or 2 hours after
food
Children: 10 mg/kg
500 mg for IM
Clarithromycin
Oral: 250–500 mg/day twice a day up
to 14 days
Telithromycin
Oral: 800 mg once a day
Macrocyclic:
Tetracycline
Oral 250–500 mg 6–8 hourly
Fidaxomicin
Oxytetracycline
Oral 250–500 mg 6–8 hourly
IV 500 mg 6–12 hourly
Oral: 800 mg once a day
Lincosamides:
Telithromycin
Chlortetracycline
Oral:
Adult = 250–500 mg 4–12 hourly
Pediatric = 25–50 mg/kg/day
Demeclocycline
Oral:
Adult = 300–600 mg/day, twice a day
Pediatric = 7–13 mg/kg
Second generation (semisynthetic):
Doxycycline
200 mg/day initial dose followed by
100–200 mg/day once a day
Minocycline
IV
Adult = 200 mg/day as initial dose and 100 mg
every 12 hours
Children = 4 mg/kg as initial dose and
2 mg/kg every 12 hours
Oral: 100 mg once or twice a day
Methacycline
Oral 300–600 mg 12 hourly
Lymecycline
Oral 300–600 mg 12 hourly
Third generation (synthetic; glycylcyclines):
Tigecycline
Gentamicin
3–5 mg/kg IM/IV in single dose
0.1–0.3% in topical (eye or skin)
Amikacin
0.75–1.0 g (15 mg/kg/day) IM
Neomycin
0.25–1 g/day orally four times a day, 0.3–0.5%
topical
Streptomycin
1000 mg (15 mg/kg) daily or thrice weekly by IM
for 30–60 days
Tobramycin
3–5 mg/kg/day IM in 1–3 doses
0.3% eye drops
Macrolides/ketolides:
LIR_Appendix.indd 840
Oral:
Adult = 150–300 mg/day four times a day
Children = 3 mg/kg four times a day
IV 200–600 mg 8 hourly
1% topical application
Oxazolidinones:
Linezolid
600 mg 12 hourly oral/IV
Tedizolid
Oral: 200 mg 24 hourly
Others:
Chloramphenicol
Oral:
Adult = 250–500 mg 6 hourly
Children = 25–50 mg/kg/day
0.5–1% in topically in eye
5–10% topically in ear
1% as skin application
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
7.5 mg/kg every 8–12 hours IV
100 mg as loading dose, followed by 50 mg in
12 hours in IV for 5–14 days
Aminoglycosides:
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Oral 200 mg every 12 hours for 10 days; may
take with or without food
Oral:
Adult = 250–500 mg per 6 hours, maximum
4 g/day orally
Children = 30–60 mg/kg/day
XII. FLUOROQUIONOLONES
DRUGS
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
First generation (active against gram-negative ­organisms
but not Pseudomonas species):
Nalidixic acid
Oral: Adult = 1 g 6 hourly, maximum dose of
4 g/day
Children = 33–55 mg/kg 6 hourly
Second generation (gram-negative organisms [­including
Pseudomonas species] plus some gram-positive organisms
­[Staphylococcus aureus but not Streptococcus ­pneumoniae]
and some ­atypical pathogens):
Ciprofloxacin
Oral: 250–750 mg 12 hourly 100–200 mg IV
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
XIII. ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
(Continued)
Norfloxacin
Oral: 200–400 mg 12 hourly 0.3% topical
eye drops
Ofloxacin
Oral: 200–400 mg 12 hourly 200 mg IV
0.3% topical eye drops
Levofloxacin
841
Oral: 500 mg once a day 500 mg IV
DRUG
ROUTE
Polyene:
Amphotericin B
and liposome
­amphotericin B
IV, oral,
IV = 0.3–0.7 mg/kg daily by slow
topical,
infusion over 4–8 hours (total
intrathecal dose 3–4 g)
Third generation (as above plus expanded gram-­positive
­coverage [penicillin-sensitive and ­penicillin-resistant
S. pneumoniae] and expanded activity against atypical
pathogens):
Gatifloxacin
IV liposome amphotericin
B = 3–5 mg/kg/day infused over
2 hours
Intrathecal = 0.5 mg
Topical = 3% ear drops
0.3–0.5% topical eye drops
Fourth generation (same as for third-generation agents
plus broad anaerobic coverage):
Moxifloxacin
Oral: 400 mg once a day 400 mg IV 0.5%
topical eye drops
Gemifloxacin
Oral: 320 mg/day
Azoles:
Fluconazole
Oral, IV,
topical
1% topical cream
Silver sulfadiazine
1% topical cream
Sulfadiazine
Oral: 0.5–2 g 8 hourly
Sulfasalazine
Oral: Adult = 1–4 g/day
Children = 40–60 mg/kg/day
Inhibitors of folate reduction:
Pyrimethamine
Trimethoprim
Available as combination with sulfadoxine,
sulfapyrazine, and dapsone
Oral: Adult = 75 mg/day
Children = 25–50 mg/day
Combination available with
­sulfamethoxazole
Adult:
Oral = 80–160 mg 12 hourly
IM = 160 mg 12 hourly
IV = 80 mg 12 hourly
Children: Oral= 20–40 mg 12 hourly
Combination of inhibitors of folate synthesis
and ­reduction:
Cotrimoxazole
(trimethoprim +
sulfamethoxazole)
Adult:
Oral: (80 mg + 400 mg) to (160 mg + 800 mg)
12 hourly
IM = (160 mg + 800 mg)12 hourly
IV = (80 mg + 400 mg) 12 hourly
Children:
Oral = (20 mg + 100 mg) to (40 mg + 200 mg)
12 hourly
Urinary tract antiseptics:
Methenamine
Oral: 3–4 g/day
Nitrofurantoin
Oral: 150–400 mg /day
LIR_Appendix.indd 841
Oral = 150 mg weekly (for tinea
infection and cutaneous and
vaginal candidiasis)
For systemic mycosis =
200–400 mg daily oral/IV
Topical = 0.3% in eye for fungal
keratitis
Inhibitors of folate synthesis:
Mafenide
DOSAGE
Ketoconazole
Oral,
tropical
Oral = 200 mg OD–BD
Tropical = 2%
Isavuconazole
Oral, IV
Oral = 200 mg every 8 hours for
2 days followed by 200 mg once daily
IV = 200 mg every 8 hours for 2 days
followed by 200 mg once daily
Itraconazole
Oral
200 mg OD–BD (for systemic
mycosis)
200 mg OD (for vaginal candidiasis
and dermatophytosis)
Posaconazole
Oral
200 mg QID or 400 mg BD with
meal
Voriconazole
Oral/IV
Oral = 200 mg BD (1 hour and
1 hour after meal)
IV = Initially 6 mg/kg 12 hourly
2 doses, then 3–4 mg/kg 12 hourly
(drug is to be reconstituted and
diluted, and infused at not more
than 3 mg/kg/hr)
Pyrimidine analog:
Flucytosine
Oral
Oral = 50–150 mg/kg/ day in
­divided doses at 6-hour intervals
Echinocandin derivatives:
Caspofungin
IV
IV = 70 mg over 1 hour (loading
dose), followed by 50 mg IV daily
Micafungin
IV
IV = 150 mg/day
Anidulafungin
IV
IV =100–200 mg loading dose on
Day 1, followed by 50–100 mg daily
Drug for cutaneous mycoses:
Griseofulvin
Oral
120–250 mg 2–4 times daily
(­taken with meals)
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
842
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
XIV. ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
(Continued)
DRUG
ROUTE
DOSAGE
DRUG
Topical azole derivatives:
Miconazole
Topical
2% topical application
2 to 3 times daily, 100 mg
­intravaginal nightly
Clotrimazole
Topical
Oral: Adults = 200 mg/day, elderly =
100 mg/day, children = 5 mg/kg/day
1% topical application twice
daily, 100 mg intravaginal at
bed time
Oseltamivir
Oral: 75–150 mg/day for 5 days
Ribavirin
Oral: Adults = 800 mg/day,
children = 10mg/kg/day
Rimantadine
Oral: Adults = 200 mg/day, elderly =
100 mg/day, children = 5 mg/kg/day
Zanamivir
Intranasal: 10–20 mg/day
Topical
1% topical application
2 to 3 times daily, 150 mg
­intravaginal nightly
Sertaconazole
Topical
2% cream 2 times a day for 4
weeks
Sulconazole
Topical
1% cream or solution
Butoconazole
Topical
2% cream
Efinaconazole
Topical
10% topical solution
Oxiconazole
Topical
1% topical
Terconazole
Topical
0.4% and 0.8% intravaginal cream
and vaginal suppositories
Topical
6.5% vaginal cream
Topical allylamine derivatives:
Oral/
topical
Oral = 250 mg OD oral
Butenafine
Topical
1% topical
Naftifine
Topical
1% or 2% cream or gel
Terbinafine
For respiratory virus infections:
Amantadine
Econazole
Tioconazole
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Topical = 1% topical application
Miscellaneous:
Natamycin
(Pimiricin)
Topical
5% ophthalmic suspension
Hamycin
Topical
2–5 lac U/g for topical, 4 lac U
vaginal application
Ciclopirox
olamine
Topical
1% topical and vaginal application
Tolnaftate
Topical
1% topical application
Nystatin
Oral/
topical
Oral = 5 lac U 8 hourly
Topical = 1 lac U nightly for
vaginal insertion, 10,000 U/ml for
buccal application, 1 lac U/g for
application over skin and eye
Tavaborole
Topical
5% toenail solution
Undecylenic acid
Topical
5–10% topical application
Benzoic acid
Topical
5% topical
Quiniodochlor
Topical
3–10% topical
Sodium
­thiosulfate
Topical
20% topical
For hepatic viral infections—Hepatitis B:
Adefovir
Oral: 10 mg/day
Entecavir
Oral: 0.5–1 mg/day
Lamivudine
Oral: 100 mg/day
Peginterferon α-2α
SC: 0.18 mg/week
Tenofovir
alafenamide (TAF)
Oral: 25 mg/day
Tenofovir ­disoproxil
fumarate (TDF)
Oral: Adults = 300 mg/day,
children = 150–300 mg/kg/day
For hepatic viral infections—Hepatitis C:
Daclatasvir
Oral: 60 mg/day for 12 weeks
Elbasvir/­
grazoprevir
Oral: 50 mg/day elbasvir and 100 mg/day
grazoprevir for 12–16 weeks
Glecaprevir/­
pibrentasvir
Oral: 300 mg/day glecaprevir and
120 mg/day pibrentasvir for 8–16 weeks
Ledipasvir/­
sofosbuvir
Oral: 90 mg/day ledipasvir and
400 mg/day sofosbuvir for 12–24 weeks
Paritaprevir/­
ritonavir/­
ombitasvir
Oral: 25 mg/day ombitasvir, 75 mg/day
paritaprevir, and 50 mg/day ritonavir for
12 weeks
Paritaprevir/
ritonavir/­
ombitasvir +
dasabuvir
Oral: 25 mg/day ombitasvir, 75 mg/day
­paritaprevir, 50 mg/day ritonavir, and
500 mg/day dasabuvir for 12–24 weeks
Ribavirin
Oral: Adults = 200 mg 6 hourly, children =
10 mg/kg/day
Simeprevir
Oral: 150 mg/day
Sofosbuvir
Oral: 400 mg/day
Sofosbuvir/­
velpatasvir
Oral: 400 mg/day sofosbuvir and 100 mg/day
velpatasvir for 12 weeks
Sofosbuvir/­
velpatasvir/­
voxilaprevir
Oral: 400 mg/day sofosbuvir,
100 mg/day velpatasvir, and
100 mg/day ­voxilaprevir for 12 weeks
For herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus infections:
Acyclovir
Oral: 200 mg x 5/day (15 mg/kg/day)
IV: 5–10 mg/kg 8 hourly
Topical: 5% ointment 6 times/day
(Continued)
LIR_Appendix.indd 842
10/16/18 12:45 PM
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
843
XVI. ANTICANCER DRUGS
(Continued)
Valacyclovir
Oral: 0.5–2 g/day or 12 hourly
Valganciclovir
Oral: 900 mg/day
Ganciclovir
Oral: 5–10 mg/kg/day
Penciclovir
Topical: 1% cream 2 hourly for 4 days
Cidofovir
IV: 3–5 mg/kg/week for 2 weeks
Famciclovir
Oral: 250–500 mg 8 hourly for 5–10 days
Foscarnet
IV: 40–90 mg/kg 8–12 hourly for 2–3 weeks
Trifluridine
Oral: 35 mg/m2 12 hourly
XV. ANTI-HIV DRUGS
Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse ­transcriptase inhibitors:
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Methotrexate
Oral: 15–30 mg/day for 5 days
IM/IV: 20–40 mg/m2 (BSA) twice weekly
or 2.5–15 mg/day
6-Mercaptopurine
Oral: 1.25–2.5 mg/kg/day
Fludarabine
IV: 25 mg/m2 BSA for 5 days every
28 days
Cladribine
IV: 0.09 mg/kg/day for 7 days
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
IV: 500 mg/m2 (or) 6–12 mg/kg/day
Capecitabine
Oral: 1250 mg/m2 twice a day for 2 weeks
Cytarabine
IV/IT: 100 mg/m2 once or twice a day (or)
1–3 g/day
Zidovudine
(AZT, ZDV)
Oral: Adults = 300 mg 12 hourly, ­
children = 180 mg/m2 12 hourly
Azacitidine
IV/SC: 75–100 mg/m2/day
Abacavir (ABC)
Oral: 300 mg 12 hourly
Gemcitabine
IV: 1000 mg/m2/week
Didanosine (DDI)
Oral: 250–400 mg/day
Stavudine (d4T)
Oral: 30 mg 12 hourly
Emtricitabine
(FTC)
Oral: Adults = 200–240 mg/day, ­
children = 3–6 mg/kg/day
Lamivudine (3TC)
Oral: 150 mg 12 hourly
Tenofovir (TAF and
TDF)
Oral: 300 mg/day
Zalcitabine (ddC)
Oral: 0.75 mg 8 hourly
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
Efaviranz (EFV)
Oral: Adults = 600 mg/day, children =
200–600 mg based on body weight
Nevirapine (NVP)
Oral: 200 mg/day to 200 mg 12 hourly after
2 weeks
Delavirdine (DLV)
Oral: 400 mg 8 hourly
Protease inhibitors:
XVII. ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Doxorubicin
IV: 60–75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks
Daunorubicin
IV: 30–50 mg/m2/day
liposomal doxorubicin
IV: 20–50 mg/m2
Epirubicin
IV: 60–90 mg/m2
Idarubicin
IV: 12 mg/m2/day
Bleomycin
IV/IM: 60 mg/wk (or) 300–400 mg
XVIII. ALKYLATING AGENTS
Atazanavir (ATV)
Oral: 300 mg/day with 100 mg ­Ritonavir
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Fosamprenavir
(FPV)
Oral: 700–1400 mg 12 hourly with
100–200 mg Ritonavir
Cyclophosphamide
Ritonavir (RTV)
Oral: 600 mg 12 hourly
Oral: 2–3 mg/kg/day
IV: 10–15 mg/kg
Lopinavir (LPV)
Oral: 400 mg 12 hourly with 100 mg Ritonavir
Ifosfamide
IV: 10–15 mg/kg
Sequinavir (SQV)
Oral: 1000–1200 mg 8–12 hourly with
100 mg Ritonavir
Carmustine
IV: 150–200 mg/m2 every 6 weeks
Lomustine
Tipranavir (TPV)
Oral: 500 mg 12 hourly with 200 mg Ritonavir
Oral: 100–130 mg/m2 every
6 weeks
Dacarbazine
IV: 3.5 mg/kg/day
Temozolomide
Oral/IV: 75–150 mg/m2/day
Melphalan
Oral/IV: 10 mg/day and 2–4 mg/day
as maintenance dose
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor:
Raltegravir (RAL)
Oral: Adults = 400 mg 12 hourly, 800 mg
12 hourly with Rifampin, ­children =
300–400 mg 12 hourly based on body weight
Fusion and entry inhibitor
Enfluvirtide (T 20)
SC: Adults = 90 mg 12 hourly, children =
2 mg/kg–90 mg 12 hourly
Chlorambucil
Oral: 4–10 mg/day and 2 mg/day as
maintenance dose
Maraviroc (MVC)
Oral: 150–600 mg 12 hourly
Busulfan
Oral: 2–6 mg/day
LIR_Appendix.indd 843
10/16/18 12:45 PM
844
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
XIX. MICROTUBULE INHIBITORS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Vincristine
IV: 1.5–2 mg/m2/wk
Vinblastine
IV: 0.1–0.15 mg/kg
Vinorelbine
IV: 25–30 mg/m2/wk
Paclitaxel
IV: 135–175 mg/m2 (every 3 weeks)
Docetaxel
IV: 75–100 mg/m2 (every 3 weeks)
XX. STEROID HORMONES AND THEIR
ANTAGONISTS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Tamoxifen
Oral: 20–40 mg/day
letrozole
Oral: 2.5 mg/day
Anastrozole
Oral: 1 mg/day
leuprolide
Depot/IM/SC: 1–3.75 mg
Goserelin
SC: 10.8 mg every 12 weeks
Triptorelin
IM: 3.75–7.5 mg every 4 weeks
Flutamide
Oral: 750 mg/day
Nilutamide
Oral: 150–300 mg/day
Bicalutamide
Oral: 50 mg/day
XXI. PLATINUM COORDINATION
COMPLEXES
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Rituximab
IV: 250–500 mg/m2
Trastuzumab
IN: 2–8 mg/kg
XXIV. ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Amebiasis:
Metronidazole
Oral: Adults = 400–800 mg 8 hourly for
5–10 days, children = 30–50 mg/kg/day
IV: 15 mg/kg/hr, 7.5 mg/kg 6–8 hourly
Tinidazole
Oral: Adults = 0.6 g 12 hourly for 5–10 days
or 2.0 g/day for 3 days, children =
30–50 mg/kg/day
Ornidazole
Oral: 2 g/day for 3 days or 0.6 g 12 hourly for
5–10 days
IV: 0.5–1.0 g
Secnidazole
Oral: Adults = 1.5–2.0 g/day, children =
30 mg/kg
Satranidazole
Oral: 300 mg 12 hourly for 3–5 days
Chloroquine
Oral: 600 mg/day for 2 days followed by
300 mg/day for 2–3 weeks
Dehydroemetine
IM, SC: 60–100 mg/day for maximum
10 days
Iodoquinol
Oral: 650 mg 8 hourly for 14 days
Paromomycin
IM: 15 mg/kg for 21 days
Giardiasis:
Metronidazole
Oral: 400 mg 8 hourly for 7 days
Tinidazole
Oral: 2 g single dose or 0.6 g/day for 7 days
Nitazoxanide
Oral: Adults = 500 mg 12 hourly for 3 days,
children = 7.5 mg/kg
2
Cisplatin
IV: 50–100 mg/m
Carboplatin
IV: 400 mg/m2
Malaria:
Oxaliplatin
IV: 75–85 mg/m2
Artemether/
lumefantrine
Oral: Adults = 6 doses over 3-day period of
80 mg Artemether and 480 mg Lumefantrine, children = 6 doses over 3-day period
of 20–80 mg Artemether and 120–480 mg
Lumefantrine based on body weight
Chloroquine
Oral: Adults = 4 doses over 3-day period of
300–600 mg, children = 150–1000 mg over
3 days
Primaquine
Oral: Adults = 15 mg/day for 2 weeks
or 45 mg single dose with Chloroquine,
­children = 0.25–0.75 mg/kg
Pyrimethamine
Oral: Adults = 25–50 mg/day for 2 days,
­children = 25 mg/day for 2 days
Quinine/quinidine
Quinine: IV: 20 mg/kg over 4 hours followed
by 10 mg/kg over 8 hours,
Oral: 600 mg 8 hourly for 7 days
Quinidine: Oral: 100–200 mg 8 hourly,
IV: 100–300 mg
Mefloquine
Oral: 25 mg/kg divided over 2 days with
4 mg/kg/day Artesunate for 3 days
XXII. TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Irinotecan
IV: 125 mg/m2/wk
Topotecan
IV: 1.5 mg/m2/day
Etoposide
Oral: 100–200 mg2/day
IV: 50–100 mg/m2/day
XXIII. MONOCLONCAL ANTIBODIES
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Bevacizumab
IV: 05–15 mg/kg (every 2–3 weeks)
Cetuximab
IV: 250–400 mg/m2
Daratumumab
IV: 16 mg/kg
Ramucirumab
IV: 8 mg/kg (every 2 weeks)
LIR_Appendix.indd 844
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
(Continued)
Atovaquone–
proguanil
845
Adrenocorticoids:
Oral: Adults = 1 g/day Atovaquone and
400 mg/day Proguanil for 3 days,
children = 125 mg–1 g/day Atovaquone and
50–400 mg/day Proguanil based on body
weight
Trypanosomiasis:
Pentamidine
Intranasal: 300 mg every 4 weeks
Benznidazole
Oral: Children = 5 mg/kg–8 mg/kg divided
12 hourly for 60 days
Eflornithine
IV: 400 mg/kg/day
Melarsoprol
IV: Adult = 3.6 mg/kg/day for 3 days,
­children = 18–25 mg/kg over 1 month
Nifurtimox
Oral: Adults = 8–10 mg/kg/day for
3–4 months, children = 12.5–20 mg/kg/day
for 3–4 months
Suramin
IV: 100–200 mg followed by 10–20 mg/kg/day
for 5–7 days
Methylprednisolone
Oral: 4–32 mg/day
IV: 0.5–1 g
Prednisolone
Oral: 5–60 mg/day
IM/intra-articular: 10–40 mg/day
Prednisone
Oral: Adult = 0.5–2 mg/kg/day, children:
0.05–2 mg/kg/day
Others:
Bortezomib
IV: 1.3 mg/m2
Intravenous
­immunoglobulin
IV : 300–1000 mg/kg
XXVI. ANTIHISTAMINIC DRUGS
DRUG
Miltefosine
Oral: Adults = 50 mg 12 hourly,
children = 2.5 mg/kg/day
Sodium
­stibogluconate
IM, IV: 20 mg/kg/day for 30 days
DOSAGE
Oral/IM/IV
Oral = 25–50 mg, 6–8 hourly/day
Sedating:
Diphenhydramine
Leishmaniasis:
ROUTE
IM or IV = 10–50 mg deep IM
or IV
Dimenhydrinate
Oral/IM
25–50 mg oral
Chlorpheniramine
Oral/IM
Oral/IM = 2–4 mg every 6 hours
(max 32 mg/day)
Toxoplasmosis:
Pyrimethamine
IV, IM = 5–20 mg
Oral: Adults = 25–50 mg/day for 2 days,
­children = 25 mg/day for 2 days
Pediatric oral = 0.5 mg every 12
hours (3–5 mon)
1.0 mg every 12
hours (6–8 mon)
XXV. IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUGS
1–1.5 every 12
hours (9–18 mon)
Antibodies:
Alemtuzumab
IV: 12 mg/day
Brompheniramine
Oral/IV/IM
Antithymocyte globulins
Basiliximab
IV: Adult = 20 mg 12 hourly, children =
10 mg 12 hourly
Rituximab
IV: 250–500 mg/m2
Calcineurin inhibitors:
IV, IM = 5–20 mg every 6 or
12 hours (max 40 mg/day)
Pediatric oral = 0.125 mg/kg
every 6 hours (<6 yr)
Doxylamine
Cyclosporine
Oral: 2–15 mg/kg/ day
IV: 3–5 mg/kg/day
Tacrolimus
Oral: 0.05–0.2 mg/kg 12 hourly
0.03% and 0.1% topical ointment
Oral
10–20 mg oral/day before bed
Oral
Adult = 120–180 mg/day, once or
twice a day
Nonsedating:
Fexofenadine
Children (6–11 yr) = 60 mg/day,
twice a day
Costimulation blocker:
Belatacept
IV: 5–10 mg/kg
Cetirizine
Oral
mTOR Inhibitors:
Everolimus
Oral: 2.5–20 mg/day
Sirolimus
Oral: 1 mg/m2/day
Antiproliferatives:
Azathioprine
Oral: 1–5 mg/kg/day
Mycophenolate mofetil
Oral: 1 g twice a day
Mycophenolate sodium
Oral:
Adult: 720 mg twice a day, children:
400–720 mg twice a day
LIR_Appendix.indd 845
Oral: 4–8 mg every 6 hours
(max 24 mg/day)
Adults = 5–10 mg/day, once or
twice a day
Children (6 mon to 5 yr) = 2.5–5
mg/day, once or twice a day
Levocetirizine
Oral
Adult = 2.5–5 mg/day, once a day
Children = 2.5 mg/day, once
a day
Loratadine
Oral
Adult = 10 mg/day, once a day
Children (2–6 yr) = 5 mg/day,
once a day
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
846
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
(Continued)
Dimenhydrinate
DRUG
ROUTE
DOSAGE
Desloratadine
Oral
Adult = 5 mg/day, once a day
Oral/IM/IV
Adult = 50–400 mg/day, every
4–6 hours
Children (6–11 yr) = 25–150 mg/
day, every 6–8 hours
Children (6–11 yr) = 2.5mg/day,
once a day
Children (2–5 yr) = 12.5–75 mg/
day, every 6–8 hours
Children (1–5 yr) = 1.25 mg/day,
once a day
IM/IV:
Children (6–11 mon) = 1 mg/day,
once a day
Mast cell stabilizers:
Hydroxyzine
Oral/IM
Oral: Adult = 10–50 mg/day
Adult = 50–400 mg/day, every
4 hours
Triprolidine
IM: Adult = 25–50 mg/day
Ketotifen
Oral
Antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers:
Oral/intranasal
Oral = 4 mg
Topicalophthalmic (0.1%
to 0.2%),
intranasal
(0.6%)
Ophthalmic: One drop in the
affected eye, once a day
Topicalophthalmic
(0.25%)
One drop in the affected eye,
once a day
Topicalophthalmic
(0.05%)
One drop in the affected eye,
four times a day
Clemastine
Oral
1–2 mg/day
Cyproheptadine
Oral
Adult = 4–32 mg/day, three times
a day
Azelastine
Olopatadine
Alcaftadine
Emedastine
Intranasal = 0.28 mg
Intranasal: Two sprays per nostril,
twice a day
Children (7–14 yr) = 4–12 mg/
day, twice or thrice a day
Bepotastine
TopicalOphthalmic (1.5%)
Oral (discontinued
in FDA)
Adult = 1–2 mg/day,
twice a day
Children = 0.5 mg/day, twice
a day
Oral:
Adult = 2.5–10 mg/day, every
6 hours
Children (6–12 yr) = 1.25–5 mg/
day, every 6 hours
XXVII. D
RUGS AFFECTING THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Short-acting 2 adrenergic agonists (SABAs):
Albuterol
Oral inhalation: Adults and children
(>4 yr) = 2 ­inhalations (180 µg) 4–6 hourly
Levalbuterol
Oral inhalation: Adults and adolescents
(>12 yr) = 0.63 mg 6–8 ­hourly, children
(6–11 yr) = 0.31 mg 8 hourly
Long-acting 2 adrenergic agonists (LABAs):
Arformoterol
Oral inhalation:
Adults = 15 µg 12 hourly
Formoterol
Oral inhalation: Adults and children
(>5 yr) = 12 µg 12 hourly
Indacaterol
Oral inhalation: Adults = 75 µg 24 hourly
Olodaterol
Oral inhalation: Adults = 5 µg (2 inhalations)
24 hourly
Salmeterol
Oral inhalation: Adults and children
(>4 yr) = 50 µg 12 hourly
Inhaled corticosteroids:
Beclomethasone
Oral inhalation: 100–400 µg (2–4 times a day)
Children (2–6 yr) = 2–12 mg/day,
twice or thrice a day
Budesonide
Oral inhalation: 200–400 µg (2–4 times a day)
One drop in the affected eye,
twice a day
Ciclesonide
Inhalation: 80–160 µg/day in evening
Fluticasone
Inhalation: 200–1000 µg/day
Mometasone
Inhalation: Adult = 440–880 µg/day, children
= 110 µg/day
Triamcinolone
Oral: 4–32 mg/day
IM/IA: 5–40 mg
Motion sickness and nausea:
Cyclizine
IM/IV
50–150 mg/day, up to thrice a
day
Meclizine
Oral
25–100 mg/day
Long-acting 2 adrenergic agonists/­cortlcosteroid
combination:
Promethazine
Oral/suppository/
deep IM
or IV
Oral = 25–50 mg, up to thrice a
day
Formoterol/
budesonide
Inhalation: Budesonide = 80–160 µg and
formoterol = 4.5 µg (once or twice a day)
Deep IM or IV = 12.5–50 mg/day
Formoterol/
mometasone
Inhalation: Mometasone = 100–200 µg and
formoterol = 5 µg (once or twice a day)
LIR_Appendix.indd 846
Suppository = 12.5–25 mg/day,
twice a day
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
(Continued)
847
Dextromethorphan
Oral: Adult = 10–20 mg, children = 2.5–10 mg
Salmeterol/­
fluticasone
Inhalation: Fluticasone = 100–500 µg and
salmeterol = 50 µg (twice daily)
Dextromethorphan
(with guaifenesin)
Oral: Dextromethorphan = 60 mg/day and
guaifenesin = 600 mg/day
Vilanterol/­
fluticasone
Inhalation: Fluticasone = 100–200 µg/day and
­formoterol = 25 µg/day
Guaifenesin
Oral: 600–1200 mg (twice or thrice a day)
Short-acting anticholinergic:
Ipratropium
Inhalation: 40–80 µg (3–4 times a day)
Short-acting 2 agonist/short-acting ­anticholinergic
­combination:
Albuterol/­
Ipratropium
Inhalation: Ipratropium = 0.5 mg and
­albuterol = 3 mg (up to 4 times a day)
Long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA):
Aclidinium bromide
Inhalation: 400–800 µg/day
Glycopyrrolate
Oral: 1–2 mg
IM/IV: 0.1–0.3 mg
Tiotropium
Inhalation: 18 µg
Umeclidinium
Inhalation: 62.5 µg/day
LABA/LAMA combination:
Formoterol/glycopyrrolate
Inhalation: Glycopyrrolate = 18 µg and
­formoterol = 9.6 µg (twice daily)
Indacaterol/glycopyrrolate
Inhalation: Indacaterol = 27.5 µg and
­glycopyrrolate = 15.6 µg (twice a day)
Vilanterol/umeclidinium
Inhalation: Umeclidinium = 62.5 µg/day
and vilanterol = 25 µg/day
Olodaterol/tiotropium
Inhalation: Olodaterol = 5 µg /day and
­tiotropium = 5 µg /day
Leukotriene modifiers:
Other agents:
Benralizumab
SC: 30 mg
Cromolyn
Oral: Adult = 800 mg/day, children = 400
mg/day
Inhalation: 6.4 mg
Mepolizumab
SC: 100–300 mg
Omalizumab
SC: 75–375 mg
Reslizumab
IV: 3 mg/kg
Roflumilast
Oral: 0.5 mg/day
Theophylline
Oral: 300–900 mg/day (or) 15 mg/kg/day
XXVIII. D
RUGS USED TO TREAT PEPTIC
ULCER DISEASE
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Antimicrobial agents (for eradication
of ­Helicobacter ­pylori):
Amoxicillin
750–1000 mg 12 hourly
Bismuth compounds
Clarithromycin
500 mg 12 hourly
Montelukast
Oral: Adult = 10 mg/day, children = 4–5 mg/day
Metronidazole
400 mg 8 hourly
Zafirlukast
Oral: Adult = 20 mg (twice a day), children =
10 mg (twice a day)
Tetracycline
500 mg 6 hourly
Zileuton
Oral: 600–2400 mg/day
Antihistamines (H1-receptor antagonists):
H2-Histamine receptor blockers:
Cimetidine
Oral: 800 mg/day
IV: 50 mg/hr
Ranitidine
Oral: 150–300 mg/day
Parenteral IM: 50 mg
Parenteral IV: 0.1–0.25 mg/kg/hr
Azelastine
Oral: 4 mg
Intranasal: 0.28 mg
Cetirizine
Oral: 10 mg
Desloratadine
Oral: 5 mg
Nizatidine
Oral: 300 mg/day
Fexofenadine
Oral: 120–180 mg
Famotidine
Loratadine
Oral: 10 mg
Oral: 20–40 mg/day
Parenteral IV: 20 mg 12 hourly
or 2 mg/hr
-Adrenergic agonists:
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs):
Oxymetazoline
Topically in nose: 0.025–0.05%
Omeprazole
Oral: 20–60 mg/day
Phenylephrine
Oral: 5–10 mg
IM: 2–5 mg
IV: 0.1–0.5 mg
Topically in nose: 0.25%
Topically in eye: 5–10%
Pantoprazole
Oral: 20–40 mg/day
Lansoprazole
Oral: 15–30 mg/day
Rabeprazole
Oral: 20 mg/day
Oral: 30–60 mg (thrice a day)
Esomeprazole
Oral: 20–40 mg/day
Dexlansoprazole
Oral: 30–60 mg/day
Pseudoephedrine
Agents for cough:
Benzonatate
Oral: 300–600 mg/day
Codeine (with
guaifenesin)
Oral: Codeine = 30 mg and guaifenesin =
600 mg
LIR_Appendix.indd 847
Prostaglandins:
Misoprostol
Oral: 0.2 mg 6 hourly
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
848
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
(Continued)
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Prednisone
Oral: 5 mg
Methylprednisolone
Oral: 4–32 mg/day
IV: 0.5–1 g
Antimuscarinic agents:
Dicyclomine
Oral: 10–20 mg
Antacids:
Aluminum
­hydroxide
Gel: 0.6–2.4 g
Calcium carbonate
Oral: 1–2 g/day
Magnesium
­hydroxide
Oral: 0.4–1.0 g
Sodium
­bicarbonate
IV: 44.6–50 mEq/5–10 minutes or
2–5 mEq/kg/4–8 hours
Mucosal protective agents:
Bismuth subsalicylate
Oral: Adults = 524 mg 6 hourly,
children = 262–524 mg 6
hourly for 6 weeks
Sucralfate
Oral: 2–4 g/day
XXIX. D
RUGS USED TO TREAT
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Linaclotide
Oral: 145–290 µg/day
Lubiprostone
Oral: 8–24 µg/day
Alosetron
Oral: 1–2 mg/day
Eluxadoline
Oral: 150–200 mg/day in two
­divided doses
Rifaximin
Oral: 200–550 mg
(three times a day)
Dicyclomine
Oral: 20 mg
Hyoscyamine
Oral: Adult = 1.25–3 mg/day,
­children = 0.375–0.075 mg/day
XXX. D
RUG USED TO TREAT
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
5-Aminosalicylates:
Balsalazide
Oral: 1.5–2.25 g (twice/thrice a day)
Mesalamine
Oral: 1.2–2.4 g/day
Rectal: 4 g
Olsalazine
Oral: 1 g/day (twice a day)
Sulfasalazine
Oral: 1.5–4 g/day
Corticosteroids:
Budesonide
Oral: 6–9 mg/day
Rectal: 2 mg/day
Hydrocortisone
Oral: 20–30 mg/day
Rectal: 2 g
IV: 100 mg 8 hourly
IM: 100–200 mg
LIR_Appendix.indd 848
Biological agents:
TNF- inhibitor:
Adalimumab
SC: Adult= 40–160 mg,
children = 10–40 mg
Certolizumab
SC: 200–400 mg
Golimumab
SC: 50 mg/month
Infliximab
IV: 5–10 mg/kg
4-Integrin inhibitor:
Vedolizumab
IV: 300 mg
IL-12/13 inhibitor:
Ustekinumab
SC/IV: 45–520 mg
Immunomodulators:
Azathioprine
Oral: 1–5 mg/kg/day
6-Mercaptopurine
Oral: 1.25–2.5 mg/kg/day
Methotrexate
Oral: 7.5–30 mg/day
IV/IM: 20–40 mg/m2
XXXI. D
RUGS USED FOR THE
­TREATMENT OF UROLOGIC
DISORDERS
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Drugs for erectile dysfunction:
Alprostadil
1–40 µg intracavernous injection
Avanafil
Oral = 50–200 mg not more than once
a day ­approximately 30 minutes before
intercourse
Sildenafil
Oral = 25–100 mg
Tadalafil
Oral = 10–20 mg
Vardenafil
Oral = 20 mg
Phentolamine
5 mg IV repeated as required
Papaverine
Intracavernous injection of papaverine
(3–20 mg) with or without ­phentolamine
(0.5–1 mg)
Benign prostrate hypertrophy (BPH):
α1-Blocker short acting:
Alfuzosin
Oral = 2.5–10 mg 6–24 hourly
Prazosin
Oral = 0.5–1 mg BD or TID initial
to 20 mg divided dose/day oral or
­sublingual, 0.15–0.6 mg by IM
Indoramin
Oral = 20 mg tablet twice a day. If needed, the dose may be increased by 20 mg
every 2 weeks. The ­maximum dose is
100 mg per day
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
849
(Continued)
Iron sucrose
50 mg elemental iron/2.5 ml and 100 mg
in 5 ml amp for IV inj.
Ferric carboxymaltose
50 mg elemental iron/ml in 2 ml and
10 ml vials
α1-Blocker long acting:
Terazosin
Oral =1 mg tablet at bedtime is the
initial dose
Usual maintenance dose 2–10 mg OD
Doxazosin
Oral = 1 mg tablet OD initially, increase
up to 8 mg BD
Iron–sorbital–citric acid
75 mg elemental iron/ml (max 100 mg)
daily or on alternate days
Silodosin
Oral = 8 mg PO every day
Formulation differs (refer to individual
formulation carefully)
Tamsulosin
Oral = 0.2–0.4 mg MR capsule OD
Combination of iron
salts, vitamins, and
­minerals
Folic acid
Therapeutic = 2–5 mg/day
Selective α1A-blocker:
Nonselective α-blocker:
Phenoxy­benzamine
Oral = 20–60 mg/day, 1 mg/kg slow IV
infusion over 1 hour
5-α reductase inhibitors:
Prophylactic = 0.5 mg/day
Cyanocobalamin
(­vitamin B12)
Nutritional deficiency
Oral = 25–2000 µg/day
Dutasteride
Oral = 0.5 mg/day tablet
Pediatric = 0.5–3 µg/day
Finasteride
Oral = 1 mg OD with or without meals,
review after 6 months
Nutritional supplementation (RDA)
Adult 2.4 µg, pregnant women 2.6 µg,
dietary supplement 50–6000 µg/day
Combinations:
Dutasteride + tamsulosin
Oral = 0.5 mg + 0.4 mg per day
XXXII. D
RUGS FOR THE TREATMENT
OF ANEMIA
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Treatment of anemia:
Oral iron salts and
formulations
Elemental iron
Ferrous gluconate
12%
Ferric ammonium citrate
18%
Ferrous sulfate
20%
Ferrous sulfate anhydrous
30%
Ferrous fumarate
33%
Ferrous succinate
35%
Colloidal ferric hydroxide
50%
Iron carbonyl iron
100%
Iron polysaccharide com- 100%
plex (iron polymaltose)
Therapeutic
Adult: Formulation
equivalent to 100–200
mg elemental iron/day
Pediatric: Formulation equivalent
to ­elemental iron
3–5 mg/kg/day
Pregnancy
30–60 mg elemental
iron with 0.4 mg folic
acid daily
25–100 units/kg SC or IV 3 times a week
(max dose 600 units/kg/wk)
Darbepoetin alfa
IV/SC: 0.45–2.25 µg/kg for 2–4 weeks
Biologic response modifiers:
Filgrastim
5 µg/kg/day for 15–30 minutes
Pegfilgrastim
6 mg SC
Sargramostim
IV/SC: 250 µg/m2/day
Tbo-filgrastim
SC: 5 µg/kg/day
Treatment of sickle cell anemia:
Hydroxyurea
Oral = 20–80 mg/kg day
Iron chelator:
Desferrioxamine
Acute iron intoxication
IM: 1 g/day initially followed by 500 mg
4 hourly for two doses
IV: 15 mg/kg/hr followed by 500 mg
4 hourly for two doses
Chronic iron overload
SC: 20–40 mg/kg 8–24 hourly
XXXIII. D
RUGS FOR ACNE, SUPERFICIAL
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS,
AND ROSACEA
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Topical agents for acne:
Retinoids
0.1% gel once daily (12 years or
above)
50 mg elemental iron/ml
Tretinoin
2 ml deep IM injection by “Z” track
­technique/day or alternate day
0.02% cream once daily in the
­evening time
Alitretinoin
0.1% 6–24 hourly
Parenteral iron preparations:
2 ml slow IV injection (over 10 min)
LIR_Appendix.indd 849
Epoetin alfa (EPO)
Prophylactic
Adult: Iron formulation
equivalent to 30 mg of
elemental iron/day
Pediatric: Formulation
equivalent to elemental
iron 1 mg/kg/day
Oral iron preparations are available
as tablets, capsules
[extended release, film
coated], suspension,
chewable tablets
Iron dextran complex
Hormones produced by kidney:
(Continued)
10/16/18 12:45 PM
850
Appendix. Drugs and Dosages
(Continued)
Erythromycin
DRUG
ROUTE AND DOSAGE
Adapalene
0.1% gel once daily at bed time
Bexarotene
1% gel once daily to three to four
times based on lesion tolerance
Tazarotene
0.05–0.1% application daily in the
evening
Salicylic acid
1.9% cream used topically once or
twice daily
Azelaic acid
10–20% gel gently to massaged into
the affected area twice daily
Benzoyl peroxide
3–9% gel once a day to two to three
times a day
Agents for superficial bacterial infections (topical use):
Bacitracin Zinc
500 IU/g ointment or cream
Gentamicin
0.1–0.3% ointment
Mupirocin
2% topical ointment
Neomycin
3.5 mg neomycin base per gram
ointment
Polymyxin B
5000 U/g ointment (often used
in combination)
Retapamulin
1% ointment for twice-daily
­application
Systemic retinoid for acne:
Isotretinoin
Oral = 0.5–1 mg/kg/day for
15–20 weeks
Acitretin
0.5–0.75 mg/kg/day oral for severe
psoriasis in adults
Etretinate
Discontinued
Bexarotene
Oral = 300 mg/m2/day
Topical and oral antibiotics for acne:
Minocycline
Oral = 1 mg/kg once daily for up to
12 weeks
Clindamycin
1% topical application twice daily to
affected area
Doxycycline
Oral = 200 mg first day (100 mg every
12 hours) followed by a maintenance
dose of 100 mg/day
LIR_Appendix.indd 850
2–4% topical application. It used in
combination with benzoyl peroxide
topically
Agents used for rosacea (topical):
Azelaic acid
15–20% cream for twice-daily
­application
Brimonidine
0.33% topical gel
Oxymetazoline
1% topical cream applied In face
avoiding eye and lips
Pimecrolimus
1% topical application to be applied
on affected area twice daily
Sulfacetamide sodium
5–10% topical lotion
Doxycycline
200 mg initially followed by
100–200 mg once a day oral
Metronidazole
0.75% gel along with oral
­metronidazole
10/16/18 12:45 PM