Th. Nov. 11
Two possible extra credit events (probably the
last):
 NH Astronomical Society: Objects in the Night
Sky. Tues. Nov. 16, 6:30-8 pm, MH102
 River of Words Opening: Thursday, November
18, at 6:30 pm in Pierce Hall
Other due dates:
 Final projects – Paper is due Dec. 1 or 3
 Presentation last week of lab Dec. 8 or 10
Exam 3 is during finals week –
 12:15 Lecture: Sun. Dec. 12, 3:15 pm
Time to choose classes!
ES102 – Same lecture times;
Labs:
 ES102.32 Wed. 10-11:50 Koning
 ES102.33 Wed. 2-3:50 Singleton
 ES102.31 Wed. 4-5:50 Singleton
 ES102.34 Fri. 10-11:50 Koning
 ES102.35 Fri. 12-1:50 Rolke

Environmental classes for
Freshmen




ES/BI214 Coastal Ecology – 3 credits, meets 6
times during the semester, goes to Cape Cod
May 16-22. $800 course fee!
ES210 Evolution of Env. Thought – Harris – Tu,
Th 10:50-12:05
ES240 Creating Sustainable Communities –
Koning – Tu, Th 9:25-10:40
Other options for upperclass students – Wildlife
Conservation, Evol. Biol.
“Environmental Estrogens”







=Endocrine disruptors
Male fish producing eggs…
Mutant frogs…
Declining sperm counts…
What is causing it?
Question for Environmental
Health and Toxicology
specialists
Connects to many
environmental problems
Agriculture
A.
B.
C.
D.
Global food supply and demand
Soils
Impacts of agriculture
Sustainable agriculture
http://www.wabusinessnews.com.au/admin/files/article/ordcrop-lge.jpg
How do environmental estrogens relate to the topic
of agriculture?
1.
2.
3.
Some pesticides act
like hormones
Fertilizers can
combine with soil to
create estrogen-like
chemicals
People who are
undernourished are
more susceptible to
the diseases caused
by env. estrogens
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
What are the problems with global, industrial
agriculture?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conversion of habitat
to farms
Pesticide and
fertilizer pollution
Farms produce
greenhouse gases
Loss of soil fertility
All of the above
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
0%
4
5
A. Global food supply & demand


15% of people in the world are chronically
undernourished (<2200 cal/day); Down from
60% in 1960!
Pop. Has increased by 1.7% per yr, food prodn
has increased by 2.2% per yr (last 45 yrs.)
Why did food production increase?


“Green Revolution” – 1950’s – post WWII
Industrial agriculture:
 Machinery
to plant, cultivate, harvest
 Chemical fertilizers
 Chemical pesticides – kill weeds,
insects
How does pop. Growth in China encourage habitat
destruction in Brazil?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Many Chinese are
migrating to Brazil
and building homes
China imports a lot of
Brazilian wood
China imports a lot of
Brazilian soybeans
China imports a lot of
Brazilian beef
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
0%
4



Malnutrition = not the right mix of foods – still a
problem ; kills 10 million children per yr 1
Most of world food calories (>60%) come from
wheat, rice and corn
Food security=having access to the right mix of
foods
1
http://www.bread.org/learn/glob
al-hunger-issues/malnutrition.html
Lack of food security is one of the main causes
of armed conflict (ex.: Rwanda genocide)
Protein
Most malnourishment= lack of protein
 US - too much protein (meat) and 61% are
overweight
 Producing all that protein:
Cattle, pigs – big env. impacts

http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0909-amazon-cattle-ranching.html
Protein



Seafood also good protein
90% of commercial fish
species are overharvested
Fish farming – destroys
habitat, brings disease to
wild fish, concentrates
toxins, fed wild fish!
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Technology/Agriculture-and-Food-Supply/Fishing/Fish-Farming/Fish-Farming-1.html
So…why is there malnutrition in the world?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Not enough overall
food production
Not enough protein
production
Not enough access
to correct mix of food
Not enough access
to fresh fruits and
veggies
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
0%
4
B. Soil Resources
Soil type determined by:
1. Parent material – materials
in which soils formed.
Bedrock or material moved
by glaciers, wind, water.
2. Climate – rain leaches out
material
3. Topography – ex.: steep
slopes, thin soil
4. Biology – microbes, plants
5. Time
Glacial drift
Soil formation
1. Weather disintegrates parent material
2. Organic matter helps break down rock
3. Horizons form from mineral fragments, OM
4. Soil now supports plants, which build more soil
Takes 450 yrs to create 1 inch of soil!
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T045308A.gif