Pesticides ANDREA SANCHEZ, FNP-S SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY NURSING 564, HEALTH POLICY & ADVOCACY IN PRIMARY CARE What is a pesticide? The California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) defines pesticides as: “Pesticide refers to not only insecticides but many other kinds of chemicals. Under state and federal law, a pesticide is any substance intended to control, destroy, repel, or attract a pest.” ) Well-known and less-known pesticides •Insecticides •Disinfectants •Herbicides •Attractants •Rodenticides •Plant defoliants •Fungicides •Swimming pool treatments •Plant growth regulators Agricultural and non-agricultural use •Production agricultural use •Home •Nonproduction agricultural use •Industrial •Institutional •Structural •Vector Control •Veterinary The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the pesticide registration process In 1947 Congress enacted the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). FIFRA regulates the sale and use of pesticides. Pesticide products are required to be registered with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and established labeling standards. The Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972 contained several innovations allowing the EPA to delegate overview sight to states. The EPA was created and a new pesticide registration standard set to protect the public health and environment. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The EPA establishes maximum legally allowable levels for pesticide residues in food. The EPA regulates the use of pesticides, registration and labels, and the monitoring of pesticide residues The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 amended FIFRA and FFDCA by increasing standards and improving safety by reassessing an using higher standards for pesticides used on foods. This provision expanded the scope of protections addressing and improving health risks to children. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the pesticide registration process California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) is responsible to enforce pesticide laws and regulations in California. FIFRA authorizes state regulation of the sale and use of pesticides. The Worker Protection Standard (WPS), revised in 1992 was designed to protect workers from pesticide poisoning or injury. This new standard provides safety training materials to pesticide handlers and agricultural workers with the goal of reducing pesticide injury and poisoning among farm workers and their families. http://www.pesticideresources.org/ Office of Children’s Health Protection (OCHP) was created in 1997. This agency was created to protect children from environmental threats and ensure the EPA is protective of environmental health risks posed to children. In 2007, California Law AB 2865 extended the Healthy Schools Act to childcare centers. This law now informs parents and school staff of pesticide use on campus promoting safer pest prevention practices. Political ramifications with current administration: • California had the highest incidence of pesticide injuries between the years of 1998-2011 for the US, counting 3,459 acute cases that were REPORTED. • Enforcement databases and consistent enforcement is essential to protect ALL people, property and the environment! • Pesticide Registration Renewal Act (PRIA): provides funding for farm worker protection activities and pesticide safety education programs through 2023. • Supporters: Federal Government, environmental organizations, health organizations, farmers • Opponents: Environmental organizations, pesticide manufactures, environmentalists ARNP Professional organizations addressed pesticide issue It is imperative that FNPs be trained on pesticide exposure, symptoms, environmental health and risk assessment, management and prevention. The DPR provides online training for providers to recognize, manage and report pesticide illness. California laws and regulations require providers to report known or suspected pesticide illness to their Local County Health Officer within 24 hours. https://oehha.ca.gov/pesticides/pesticide-illness-surveillance-pesticideillness-reporting. Pesticide use is widespread and is utilized in a variety of settings including hospitals, schools, agricultural and households. FNPs are key educators and promoters of wellness. FNPs provide pesticide education, safe handling, and advise when to seek emergency care to their patients. FNPs drive policy efforts by research and advocacy to decrease health risks associated with exposures to pesticides. FNPs must be educated on the presentations and health hazards of pesticide illness. National Pesticide Competency Guidelines Medical and Nursing Education, 2003. A Project of the National Strategies for Health Care Providers: Pesticide Initiative. Clinical trainings: https://oehha.ca.gov/pesticides/clinician-trainings The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) is a department in the California Environmental Protection Agency Oakland Office: 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor Oakland, CA 94612 510-622-3170 Sacramento Office: 1001 “I” Street Sacramento CA 95812 916-327-7319 EPA awards and supports training for healthcare providers on pesticide-related health conditions through The University of California Davis Extension to educate the providers on how to prevent, recognize and treat pesticide-related health conditions. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/tracking/topics/images/PesticideExposure_Infographic.j pgl References sources of high credibility California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Regulation, D. of P. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.cdpr.ca.gov/ California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Oehha.ca.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://oehha.ca.gov/pesticides/pesticide-illness-surveillance-pesticide-illness-r eporting l Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Niosh Worker Health Charts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 3, 2022, from https://wwwn.cdc.gov/NIOSH-WHC/chart/sensor-pe/exposure?T=ZS&V=C&S=& D=ALL&Y= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Pesticide exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/multimedia/infographics/pesticide_exposure. html (Links to an external site.) References sources of medium and high credibility Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Acute occupational pesticide-related illness and injury -United States, 2007–2011. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/63/wr/mm6355a3.htm Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). EPA. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/pesticides Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). EPA. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/protecting-safety-our-farmw orkers (Links to an external site.) Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). EPA. Retrieved April 3, 2022, from https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=2000JJJ4.TXT U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Home - PMC - NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
