EUKARYA DOMAIN OF LIFE
DERIVATION / ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTE
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Eukaryote comes from two Greek words “EU” and “KARYOTE”
1.
EU means True.
2.
KARYOTE means Nuts.
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Eukaryote can be defined as those organisms whose cell have nucleus enclosed within the nuclear envelope.
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Eukaryotes are composed of the true nucleus.
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Eukaryotic cells are the cells contains a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.
Examples of Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic cells).
1. plant cell.
2. Animal cell.
3. Protozoa cell.
4. Fungi cell.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL
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Eukaryotic cells have the nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane.
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The cell have mitochondria (powerhouse).
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Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs in a eukaryotic cell.
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A cell wall is the outermost layer of the eukaryotic cells in plant cell.
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The cells in the eukaryotic domain divide by a process called mitosis.
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The nucleus contains a single ,linear DNA which carries all the genetic information of the cell.
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The eukaryotic cell is comprises of the following parts.
1.
Plasma membrane .
2.
Cell wall.
3.
Cytoskeleton.
4.
Endoplasmic reticulum. Divided into two categories such as rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
5.
Nucleus.
6.
Golgi Apparatus.
7.
Ribosomes.
8.
Mitochondria.
9.
Lysosomes.
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EUKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE
The diagram below shows the eukaryotic cell structure.
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FUNCTIONS.
Cell Wall.
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It provides the shape to the cell and helps in cell-to-cell interaction.
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It is a protective layer that protects the cell from injury or pathogen attacks.
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It is composed of cellulose ,hemicellulose, pectin, etc.
Plasma Membrane.
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The plasma membrane separates the cell from the outside environment.
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Its comprises of specific embedded proteins (phospholipids) which help in the exchange of substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoskeleton.
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It is present inside the cytoplasm, which consists of microfilaments, microtubules, and fibres to provide perfect shape to the
cell, anchor the organelles, and stimulates the cell movement.
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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It is a network of small, tubular structures that divides the cell surface into two parts: Luminal and Extra luminal.
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It is of two types namely rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes while smooth lack ribosomes and therefore it is smooth.
Nucleus.
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The nucleoplasm enclosed within the nucleus contains DNA and proteins.
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It controls all the activities cell.
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Ribosomes production also take place inside the nucleus.
Golgi Apparatus.
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It is made up of flat disc-shaped structure called the cisternae.
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They are important site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Ribosomes.
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Its function is to synthesis proteins, and it is composed of proteins and ribonucleic acids RNA.
Lysosomes.
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They are known as “suicidal bags” because they possess hydrolytic enzymes to digest proteins, lipids, carbohydrates,
and nucleic acids.
Mitochondria.
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These are also known as “powerhouse” of the cell, because they produce energy.
They help in the regulation of cell metabolism.
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