All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Example: Constant Speed Wind Turbine in DIgSILENT PowerFactory Francisco M M. Gonzalez-Longatt Gonzalez-Longatt, Dr Dr.Sc Sc Manchester, UK, January 2010 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 1/21 This example is a simple introduction to dynamic model of constant speed wind turbine in PowerFactory Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, Dr.Sc fglogatt@fglongatt.org.ve Manchester, January 2010 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 2/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Example: Constant Speed Wind Turbine in DIgSILENT PowerFactory Introduction to wind turbine modelling Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 1 Introduction 1. 3/21 • Constant speed wind turbine based on single cage induction generator directly connect to grid are a classic technology on wind energy conversion system [FGL_1] Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 4/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 1. Introduction vw Pw Pmec Pac ,Qac VT ,b • This general structure consists of models of the most important subsystems of this wind turbine type, namely, the rotor, rotor the drive train and the generator, generator combined with a wind speed model. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 5/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 1. Introduction • The following well-known well known algebraic equation gives the relation between wind speed and mechanical power extracted from the wind [Ack]: Pwt 2 Awt c p , v w3 • Wh Where: • Pwt is the power extracted from the wind in watts; is the air density (kg/m3); • cp is the performance coefficient or power coefficient; • λ is the tip speed ratio vt/vw, the ratio between blade tip speed, vt (m/s), and wind speed at hub height upstream of the rotor, vw (m/s); • θ is the pitch angle (in degrees); • Awt is the area covered by the wind turbine rotor (m2). Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 6/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Rotor Model • Most constant-speed constant speed wind turbines are stall controlled. controlled • cp is a function of λ only. • The following general equation to describe the rotor of constant-speed and variable-speed wind turbines: c2 c7 c5 cP (, ) c1 c3 c 4 c 6 exp i i • where: h Constants 1 i c8 c9 3 1 1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 Constant speed p 0.44 125 0 0 0 6.94 16.5 0 -0.002 Variable speed 0.73 151 0.58 0.002 2.14 13.2 18.4 0.02 -0.003 Heier turbine 0.5 116 0.4 0 5 21 0.08 0.035 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 7/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Rotor Model • It has been repeatedly argued in the literature that the incorporation of a shaft representation in models of constant-speed wind turbines is very important for a correct representation of their behaviour during and after voltage drops and short circuits. train • The two-mass representation is use for the drive train. TWr r g r Ks HWr Te Shaft Hm Turbine Rotor Generator rotor Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 m 8/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model • The two-mass two mass representation is described by the following figure. TWr r g r Ks Te HWr W Hm m Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 9/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model • The two-mass two mass representation is described by the following equations: T K d Wr dt Wr s 2HWr dr K s Telec dt 2H m TWr d 2f Wr r dt r g r Ks Te HWr Hm m Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 10/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model TWr dWr TWr K s 2HWr dt r g r Ks Te HWr dr K s Telec 2H m dt d 2f Wr r dt Hm which: • f is the nominal grid frequency; T is the torque; is the angular l displacement di l t between b t th two the t ends d off the th shaf; h f H is the inertia constant; and Ks is the shaft stiffness. • The subscripts wr, m and e stand for wind turbine rotor, generator mechanical and generator electrical, respectively. m Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 11/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model Data of Wind Turbine Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2 Wind Turbine 2. 12/21 • Constant speed wind turbine based on single cage induction generator directly connect to grid are a classic technology on wind energy conversion system Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 13/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2. Wind Turbine 2. Wind Turbine vw Pw Pmec Pac ,Qac VT ,b All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve • Rotor model: Constant Speed • Rotor model: Variable Speed + Pitch angle controller Pitch angle g Pitch angle controller Mechanical power Wind Speed vw Rotor Model Variable Speed Pmec Rotor speed Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 Active and reactive power Mechanical Power Shaft mode Pw Rotor speed p Squirrel cage induction generator model Pac ,Qac VT ,b Network model Voltage and frequency 14/21 • The DIgSILENT Wind Induction Generator example: WIND_ExampleASM_v14.dz • This example is based in a Variable Speed Wind Turbine that include a Pitch Angle Controller. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 15/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2. Wind Turbine • The rotor characteristic is given by Cp in a forma of table: Lambda 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 5 10 15 25 Beta 2 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 4 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.12 6 0.45 0.33 0.28 0.3 -0.05 8 0.35 0.32 0.22 0.11 -0.2 10 0.3 0.28 0.12 -0.05 -0.5 12 0.25 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.7 0.6 Beta = 0 Beta = 5 Beta = 10 Beta = 15 Beta = 20 Beta = 25 Power Coefficient - Cp 0.4 0.2 0 Rotor Model Variable Speed -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 0 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, 2 4 6 8 Tip Speed Ratio - Lambda fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 10 12 16/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.1. Rotor Characteristics This plot has been obtained from DIgSILENT file: WIND_CpLambda_v14.dz Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.1. Rotor Characteristics 17/21 • The characteristics of the rotor turbine are given in the following table: Wind turbine characteristic Rotor speed Value 15 RPM Rotor diameter 70 m Nominal power 2 MW Air density Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 1.225 kg/m3 18/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.2. Rotor Characteristics • The characteristics of the shaft model are given in the Shaft characteristic Value following table: Shaft model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 Rated Power [Mw] 2 Turbine damping [Nms/rad] 0 Rotor inertia [kg.mm.1e6] 4 Shaft Stiffness [Nm/rad] 1e6 Torsional Damping [Nms/rad] 15 m/s Nominal Turbine Speed [rpm] 18.75 19/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.3. Shaft Characteristics • The characteristics of the pitch angle controller are given in the following table: Pitch Angle Controller Blade angle controller gain Lead time constant Speed reference Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 Value 100 deg/p.u 5s 1 25 p.u 1.25 pu 20/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.4. Pitch Angle Controller • The characteristics of the pitch angle controller are given in the following table: Pitch Angle Controller Value Servo time constant Vmin Closing rate of change limit Mi Blade Min. Bl d angle l Vmax p g rate of change g limit Opening Max. Blade angle Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 0.5 s 0 -15 deg/s 0d deg 70 15 deg/s g 70 21/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.4. Pitch Angle Controller • The model of the pitch angle controller are given in the following figure. Reference Speed ref + Rotor speed Rate Opening Vmax Reference angle l Error ka Tr s 1 Tas Vmin Blade Angle controller Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 + T 1 s Limiter - Rate closing max Pitch angle min Servo 22/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.4. Pitch Angle Controller • The characteristics of the generator are given in the following table: Generator characteristic Value Number pairs of poles Generator speed Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 2 1485 RPM Nominal Power 2.4 MVA Nominal Voltage 960 V Nominal frequency 50 Hz. 23/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.3. Generator Characteristics • The characteristics of the generator are given in the Generator characteristic Value following table: Mutual inductance 3.0 p.u. Stator leakage inductance 0.010 p.u. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 Rotor leakage inductance 0.010 p.u. Stator resistance 0 010 p.u. 0.010 pu Rotor resistance 0.010 p.u. Inertia constant 5.0 s 24/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 2.3. Generator Characteristics Block Definition BlkDef Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 3 Rotor Model 3. 25/21 • Rotor model in DIgSILENT start with a Block/Frame Definition called ‘Turbine’. • This frame contain: • Inputs signals: beta, omega_tr and vw. • Outputs signals: Pwind • Block definition: Wind Power vw Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 Pw 26/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 3. Rotor Model vw Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 Pw ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 3. Rotor Model 27/21 Inputs O t t Outputs Inputs signals: beta, omega_tr and vw. Outputs signals: Pwind Block definition: Wind Power Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 28/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 3. Rotor Model • Block definition Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 3. Rotor Model 29/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an All rights reserved. No part of this publica ny form without permis ssion of the author. g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 3. Rotor Model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 30/21 Sapprox2 is used to approximate the values of Cp Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 3. Rotor Model 31/21 Block Definition BlkDef Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 4 Shaft Model 4. 32/21 • Shaft model is based in two mass model. model • Shaft model in DIgSILENT start with a Block/Frame Definition called ‘Shaft’. Mechanical Mechanical • This frame contain: power Power Pmec • Inputs signals: Pwind, speed_gen Shaft model • Outputs signals: Pt Pw Rotor • Block definition: Mass1_torque, Spring, … speed …, Gearbox, G b T Torque Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 33/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 4. Shaft Model ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org Shaft Model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 34/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 35/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 36/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 37/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 38/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Shaft Model Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 39/21 Block Definition BlkDef Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 5. Blade Angle Controller 40/21 • Shaft model in DIgSILENT start with a Block/Frame Definition called ‘Blade Angle Controller’. • This frame contain: • Inputs signals: Speed • Outputs signals: Beta • Block definitions. …, Gearbox, Torque Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 41/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 5. Blade Angle Controller All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 5. Blade Angle Controller Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 42/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 5. Blade Angle Controller Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 43/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 5. Blade Angle Controller Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 44/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 5. Blade Angle Controller Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 45/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 5. Blade Angle Controller Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 46/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 5. Blade Angle Controller Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 47/21 Frame Definition Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 6 Wind Turbine Frame 6. 48/21 • DIgSILENT consider the behaviour of the constant speed wind turbine operating a fixed wind speed (vw). • In this case, wind model is not included. Rotor Induction Generator Gearbox Infinite Network Equivalent Impedance Capacitor bank Pitch angle Pitch angle controller Mechanical power Wind Speed vw Rotor Model Variable Speed Pmec Rotor speed Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 Active and reactive power Mechanical Power Sh ft mode Shaft d Pw Rotor speed Squirrel cage induction generator model Pac ,Qac VT ,b Network et o model Voltage and frequency 49/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ssion of the author. ced or distributed in an ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 6. Wind Turbine Frame • In order to define the interaction between blocks and signals flows a frame caller ‘Wind Turbine Frame’ is used. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 50/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 6. Wind Turbine Frame All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 6. Wind Turbine Frame Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 51/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 6. Wind Turbine Frame Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 52/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 6. Wind Turbine Frame Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 53/21 Common Models (ElmDSL) dsl Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7 Common Models 7. 54/21 • The common model element (ElmDsl) is the front-end front end object for all user-defined block definitions. • User-defined transient models, but also the block diagrams that are ready-shipped with the PowerFactory program, cannot be used other than through a common model. model • The common model (ElmDsl) combines each model or block definition built in the wind turbine model with a specific set of parameter values. dsl Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 55/21 ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7. Common Models • The common model (ElmDsl) are formed from the Block Definition (ElmBlk): dsl • The DSL element provide the parameter definitions and initialization of each block. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 56/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7. Common Models • The Turbine DSL element (Turbine ElmDsl) is related (Turbine.ElmDsl) with the block definition Turbine (Turbine.BlkDef). Parameter values Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 57/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7.1. Turbine Common Model (ElmDsl) • The initial conditions of block definition Turbine (Turbine.BlkDef) is calculated based in the following equations: • The wind speed calculation is based on load flow power conditions. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 58/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 7.1. Turbine Common Model (ElmDsl) 2Pwind 106 vw 3 R2Cp Variable definition: R, Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 r R vw ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 7.1. Turbine Common Model (ElmDsl) 59/21 • The Cp definition is included in a Two Dimensional Characteristic in the Turbine.ElmDsl definition. Number files and columns Beta 0 5 10 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 2 0 05 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 4 03 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.12 Lambda 6 0 45 0.45 0.33 0.28 0.3 -0.05 8 10 0 35 0.3 03 0.35 0.32 0.28 0.22 0.12 0.11 -0.05 -0.2 -0.5 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 12 0 25 0.25 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.7 60/21 ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7.1. Turbine Common Model (ElmDsl) • The Shaft DSL element (Shaft.ElmDsl) (Shaft ElmDsl) is related with the block definition Shaft (Shaft Model.BlkDef). Parameter values Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 61/21 ced or distributed in an ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7.2. Shaft Common Model (ElmDsl) • Initialization of the Shaft Model is based on: Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ssion of the author. ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7.2. Shaft Common Model (ElmDsl) 62/21 Pwind Pt Pbase tub gen Twind Pwind Tmec Pt gen Pbase 106 gen Variable definition: Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 63/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 7.2. Shaft Common Model (ElmDsl) • The Pitch Control model DSL element (Pitch Control.ElmDsl) is related with the block definition Blade Angle control (Blade Angle Control.BlkDef). Parameter values Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 64/21 ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7.3. Pitch Control Model (ElmDsl) • The initial conditions for this block are given by the following equations: Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 65/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 7.3. Pitch Control Model (ElmDsl) min x min Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 x1 Vr min Variable definition: ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 7.3. Pitch Control Model (ElmDsl) ref Vmin 66/21 Composite Model (ElmComp) Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 8 Plant WT 8. 67/21 • A composite models (ElmComp) are used to combine and interconnect the common models to built the wind turbine. • In this case a composite model called ‘Plant WT’ is made. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 68/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 8. Plant WT • The composite model element (ElmComp) Plant WT is related composite Frame Wind-Turbine. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 69/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ssion of the author. ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 7. Plant WT All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 8. Plant WT Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 70/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 8. Plant WT Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 71/21 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 3 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 2 4 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 8. Plant WT 72/21 • Finally the composite model element (ElmComp) Plant WT is done. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 73/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 8. Plant WT Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 9. Review of Object Created 74/21 • Block Definitions 1 1 Block Definitions (BlkDef) Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 9. Review of Object Created 75/21 • Composite Model 2 2 Composite Frame Definition(BlkDef) Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 76/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an All rights reserved. No part of this publica ny form without permis ssion of the author. g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 9. Review of Object Created • Common Models (ElmDsl) 1 1 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 9. Review of Object Created 77/21 2 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 2 ny form without permis All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 9. Review of Object Created 78/21 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 10 Network Data 10. 79/21 • A simple test system is used to evaluate the behaviour of the Wind Turbine Model implemented in DIgSILENT. Rotor Term_WT 690V Gearbox Trf_WT Term_grid 10 kV Trf_Grd 10 kV Cable_WT 20 MVA 2 MVA 0.96/10 kV R=0.5% 1 MVAr X=5% R=0.253Ω/km X=0.2004336Ω/km 25 MVA 10.5/66 kV R=0.5% X=5% 66 kV External grid 100 MVAcc • This network was built in DIgSILENT. DIgSILENT Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 80/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 10. Network Data • The network in DIgSILENT result. result Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 10. Network Data 81/21 ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis All rights reserved. No part of this publica ssion of the author. g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 10. Network Data Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 82/21 ation may be reproduc ny form without permis ssion of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publica ced or distributed in an g.ve Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org 10. Network Data Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 83/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ssion of the author. ced or distributed in an ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 10. Network Data Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 84/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 10. Network Data Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 85/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ssion of the author. ced or distributed in an ny form without permis Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 10. Network Data Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 86/21 Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results 87/21 • The calculation of initial conditions is started by either: • Selecting the icon from the icon toolbar, and then pressing p g the icon . • A 3-phase short circuit in point of connection is selected as event . • Short circuit is about 0.1 s of duration. Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 88/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results • Upon successful calculation of the initial conditions, conditions the icon on the main toolbar will be activated and can be pressed to start the simulation. • The results of Active Power: Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 89/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results • Active Power and Reactive Power: Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results 90/21 • Magnitude of Current: Trf_Grid Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results 91/21 Grid Interconnection Un = 38.1051 kV Term WT Un = 5.7735 kV Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 92/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results • Wind turbine torques: Mechanical and electrical Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results 93/21 • Wind turbine speed Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results 94/21 • Wind Turbine Power Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve 11. Simulations and Results 95/21 All rights reserved. No part of this publica ation may be reproduc ced or distributed in an ny form without permis ssion of the author. Copyright © 2010. http:www.fglongatt.org g.ve Please visit: http://www.fglongatt.org.ve Comments and suggestion are welcome: fglongatt@fglongatt.org.ve Dr. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, fglongatt@ieee.org .Copyright © 2010 96/21
