Fong Lam
May 1, 2023
Biology 21
Different Effects of Enzymes on Human Bodies
Enzymes are essential proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in the human body. They
play a vital role in various physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism, and
cellular respiration. In this essay, we will discuss the different effects of enzymes on the
human body.
Digestive Enzymes:
Digestive enzymes break down complex molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into
simple compounds that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. The primary digestive
enzymes include amylase, lipase, and protease. Amylase breaks down carbohydrates into
simple sugars, lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, and protease breaks
down proteins into amino acids. The deficiency of these enzymes can lead to various
digestive disorders such as lactose intolerance, celiac disease, and pancreatic insufficiency.
Metabolic Enzymes:
Metabolic enzymes are responsible for regulating various metabolic pathways in the body,
such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle. These enzymes play a vital role
in the production and utilization of energy. The deficiency of metabolic enzymes can lead to
various metabolic disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU), which results from a deficiency
of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
Detoxifying Enzymes:
Detoxifying enzymes are responsible for breaking down harmful toxins, drugs, and other
foreign substances that enter the body. The primary detoxifying enzymes include
cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase. The deficiency of
these enzymes can lead to various health problems, such as liver damage, cancer, and
toxicity.
Immune Enzymes:
Immune enzymes are responsible for protecting the body against pathogens such as
bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The primary immune enzymes include lysozyme, lactoferrin, and
complement. These enzymes play a vital role in the innate immune system. The deficiency of
immune enzymes can lead to various immunodeficiency disorders, such as chronic
granulomatous disease.
In conclusion, enzymes play a vital role in various physiological processes in the human body.
They are responsible for breaking down complex molecules into simple compounds,
regulating metabolic pathways, detoxifying harmful substances, and protecting the body
against pathogens. The deficiency of enzymes can lead to various health problems and
disorders. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a healthy enzyme balance in the body by
following a healthy diet and lifestyle.