SYSTES AND COMPONENTS FOR BUILDING
DESIGN – LECTURE 3
PERSPECTIVE
The art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional
surface so as to give the right impression of their
height, width, depth, and position in relation to each
other when viewed from a particular point.
*A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science. All soils
that share a certain set of well-defined properties
form a distinctive soil type. Soil type is a technical
term of soil classification, the science that deals with
the systematic categorization of soils. Every soil of the
world belongs to a certain soil type
COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE
ACCESSIBILITY
Here we should consider the distance or accessibility
of location e.g.
From market, hospital, church and most especially the
school.
IDENTIFYING THE LOCATION
CLIMATE CONDITION
This is to know whether the site is a typhoon area,
flooded area or near at sea. Once these area are
determined, we can establish what is the design fitted
for this location.
Knowing the location, the design professionals can
suggest what type of design will fit, but as the owner,
you are the one to decide what you want to build.
*Climatic conditions are unusual weather conditions
etc., storms, floods, droughts, tidal waves, fires,
hurricanes, earthquakes, landslides, or other
catastrophes.
GROUND STABILITY
This is to know the type of soils whether it is sandy,
adobe or fill. This is important to determine what type
of foundation to be used.
*Natural ground stability refers to the upward, lateral
or downward movement of the ground that can be
caused by a range of natural geological hazards, such
movements are typically in the order of centimetres,
but exceptional circumstances can be larger.
*Community infrastructure is the framework of
physical facilities needed to support and sustain a
community of people to live and work.
*Examples of fundable infrastructure include the
following: public spaces and buildings that
accommodate a range of services and facilities, such
as educational, indoor recreational, cultural and
health-related services, to support people in meeting
their social needs and enhance their well-being and
quality of life.
The next step is to know the location if there is a lot
title.
*A property's title is a bundle of rights related to the
ownership of said
property. Each title carries its own set of regulations
that you must abide
Make sure that you perform a survey to know the
boundary lines indicated on the lot to prevent
overlapping adjacent lot.
PLANNING
DESIGN PROCESS
Under planning, we have design Process. It is
important to have house plans or sketches as guide.
*The Design Process is an approach for breaking down
a large project into manageable chunks. Architects,
engineers, scientists, and other thinkers use the
design process to solve a variety of problems.
A design process generates a conceptual solution for a
problem stated in the form of requirements. If you are
encountering problems on interpreting house plans,
it’s better to ask professionals like Engineers or
Architects who are experts with regards to designing
the house.
A design process generates a conceptual solution for a
problem stated in the form of requirements.
*Concept design is followed by 'detailed design' or
'developed design' during which all the main
components of the building and how they fit together
are described
The schematic design stage is the very first portion of
the design process. The overall goal of the design
process, as a whole, is to produce a complete design
for the project. This includes all engineering
considerations, as well as the specific materials,
equipment, systems, and spaces included in the
project.
ESTIMATE
FLOOR AREA = 8 * 10 = 80 sq.m.
TOTAL COST = 80sq.m. * ? = ?
The role of Architect is to create an schematic design
and design solutions, but the owner is the one to
decide if he wants a two-bedroom with common CR
etc.,
After choosing and owner’s approval of the design,
the next step is the rough estimate, It can be Lump
Sum or per square meter for the owner to have an
idea of the target budget.
*A Rough Cost Estimate is an initial estimate that uses
prior experience and other non-project data to
estimate the cost of a project.
After the Owner’s approval of the design, blue print of
the final plans will follow.
*Blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing or
engineering drawing using a contact print process on
light-sensitive sheets. the process allowed rapid and
accurate production of an unlimited number of
copies.
Schematic design is a rough construction drawing that
offers a general overview of a project's basic features
and construction cost estimates, allowing you to
determine if your concept fits within the project
budget.
BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM)/BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)
Once blue prints are produced, then we can proceed
in making Bill of Materials.
*A bill of materials is the list of all the raw materials,
resources, components, assemblies and parts - and
the quantities of each of them . Here we can find
labor and material cost
*A bill of materials (BOM) is a structured list
identifying all materials and components required to
construct a product, as well as the instructions for
procuring and using the materials.
An architect is a person who plans, designs and
oversees the construction of buildings.
A civil engineer is a person who practices civil
engineering – the application of planning, designing,
constructing, maintaining, and operating
CONSULT TO THE RIGHT CONSTRUCTION
PROFESSIONALS
After the house process, we should know the budget.
It is important to have enough budget to know what
part of the house to be constructed first or to know
the priority.
Determine first if the budget is already enough to
occupy the house for security and comfort and think
of aesthetic aspect of the house as additional budget
comes later.
BUDGET
A master plumber is a person who has earned the
highest professional level of plumbing. To become a
master plumber, you must complete an
apprenticeship, become a licensed journeyman and
earn a license to be a master plumber. Master
plumbers can choose to specialize in one area of
plumbing.
Considering the above factors, you can now live in a
secured house where there is an ample supply of
water and electricity.
Sanitary engineers design and direct the construction
and operation of hygienic projects such as
waterworks, sewage, garbage, and trash disposal
plants.
TIME MANAGEMENT
Structural Engineering is a specialty within Civil
Engineering. Structural Engineers create drawings and
specifications, perform calculations, review the work .
Time management helps you prioritize your tasks so
that you ensure you have enough time available to
complete every project. The quality of your work
increases when you're not rushing to complete it
ahead of a fast approaching deadline.
Structural Engineer makes sure the house will prevent
collapse or construction failures.
Construction failures are structural failures occurring
during the course of construction. These include not
only partial or total collapse of a structure but also
excessive deformations, cracks and misalignments. In
terms of the safety of workers, it is partial or total
collapse that causes most deaths and injuries.
Design Professionals means, collectively, the
architects, engineers, consultants and professionals
that perform services related to the design of any
Work at the Project or portions thereof, or otherwise
involved on the Project to review and test
performance of various Project elements or confirm
compliance thereof.
For building permit issuance, you should provide the
Building Official the above building plans duly signed
by designated professionals.
MANPOWER
-arawan
-pakyawan
BUILDING PERMIT
-contractor
Usually, a building official or a municipality requires
approved permits before constructing a house.
Particularly if the construction is through PAG - IBIG
FUND that requires approved building permit.
It is very important to know where to construct with
less expenses and check if the workmanship is of good
quality in constructing a house.
A Building Permit is a document issued by the Building
Official to an owner/applicant to proceed with the
construction, installation, addition, alteration,
renovation, conversion, repair, demolition or other
work activity of a specific project/building/structure
after the accompanying principal plans and
specifications .
ARAWAN: It is the daily salary or it can be in a weekly
basis. Applying this, you must have enough time to do
supervisory work or you can hire a Civil Engineer or
Architect to do the same
You can hire them anytime you want
Excavation for foundations
PAKYAWAN: allows you to hire labor for a specific
sum, depending on the work done over a specified
period of time.
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Formworks and rebars - Formwork is the term
used for the process of creating a temporary
mould into which concrete is poured and
formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated
using timber, but it can also be constructed
from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and
other materials
Masonry Works - Masonry is the building of
structures from individual units, which are
often laid in and bound together by mortar;
the term masonry can also refer to the units
themselves.
TILE Works - The tiled surfaces of something,
or the arrangement of tiles on a surface.
Decorative tilework typically takes the form of
mosaic upon the walls, floor, or ceiling of a
building.
Plumbing Works - Plumbing, system of pipes
and fixtures installed in a building for the
distribution and use of potable (drinkable)
water and the removal of waterborne wastes.
It is usually distinguished from water and
sewage systems that serve a group of
buildings or a city.
Ceiling Works - A ceiling can be defined as an
overhead interior surface that covers the
upper limits of a room. Ceilings are not
structural elements, but rather the finished
surfaces below a roof or concrete slab
CONTRACTOR
If you have the budget and has the capability of
getting a Contractor, why not, but who will be the
Contractor? They are the one who will construct the
building with a complete team, the Design
Professionals down to the helpers.
*The Contractor is a person or company that
undertakes a contract to provide materials or labor to
perform a service or do a job
The Contractor or the Design Professionals will be of
great help for you not worrying about the (1)permits,
(2)supervision and (3)getting the manpower
If you hire a Contractor, what you need is the money
or your budget and also your 100% supervision.
In construction contracts, overheads are often priced
proportionately against a project and are the
calculated costs of running the company contracted to
carry out a project. Often these costs are described as
head office administrative costs (in some cases there
may also be factory or manufacturing overheads)
Supplies, Materials, and Equipment are examples.