CET 422:
PORTS AND
HARBORS
Civil Engineering Department, COEA,
Cagayan State University-Carig
Campus
Emer T. Quezon, Ph.D, C.Eng, M.ASCE
Email: emer.quezon@csucarig.edu.ph
Telegram: 09451631743
Course Outline
1. DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
:
PORTS AND HARBORS
2. COURSE CODE
:
CET-422
3. NO. OF UNIT / NO. HOUR/WEEK: 3 Units / 3-hours
lecture/week
4. COURSE DESCRIPTION
:
This
course
gives emphasis on the planning, development, design,
construction and operation of ports and harbors as
modes of transportation. It gives a thorough discussion
of the types and classification of ports and harbors;
theory
and
principle
of
oceanographic
information(tides, currents and waves); ports and
harbors planning and development, hydraulics of rivers,
its improvements and control.
Chapter I. INTRODUCTION
1. Discussion of Course Syllabus, grading system and
requirements. Face-to-face and Online
orientation on the use and ethics.
2. Objective/Outcome
3. History of water transportation and its importance
4. Classification of water transport, disadvantage of
water transport
5. Difference between Port & Harbor
Chapter II. HARBOR PLANNING, ACCORDING TO
USAGE AND SITE SELECTION
1. Harbor components, Classifications of Ports &
Harbors
2. Harbor Planning
3. Size of harbor, ship characteristics
4. Kinds of harbors according to usage
5. Definition and Requisites
6. Location and Site Selection
Chapter III. DESIGN AND REQUIREMENTS OF
PORTS AND HARBORS
1. Types of Ports
2. Port Planning
3. Layout of Port and Design of Ports
4. Harbor Layout, Design Principles and
Requirements of Harbors
Chapter IV. BREAKWATER AND BERTHING
1. Design of Breakwater
2. Berm Breakwater
3. Types of Berthing
4. Design of Offshore Berthing
5. Berthing Structures and Loads
Chapter V. PORT DEVELOPMENT
1. Criteria in Port Development
2. Classification & Characteristics of Waves
3. Tidal basins, Wet & Dry Docks
4. Lock Gates, Wharf and Quay wall
References:
1. Duxbury, Alyn C.,
Fundamentals of
Oceanography, 2000 CRC
Press
2. Incised River Channels;
processes, forms engineering
and Management 1999
3. Philippine Ports Authority
(PPA): Port Design Manual by
JICA 1999
4. Philippine Ports Authority
(PPA): Port Planning Manual
by JICA 1999
Course Requirements/Grading
System:
1. Attendance
2. Seatwork
3. Assignment
4. Project/Lab work
5. Major exam
Total
--------- 5%
--------- 5%
--------- 10%
--------- 30%
--------- 50%
=
100%
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
Contents:
1. Objectives/Outcome
2. History
of
Water
Transportation
3. Classification
of Water
Transportation
4. Advantages
and
Disadvantages of Water
Transport
5. Difference between Port
and Harbor
1.1 Course Objective/ Outcome
At the end of the course, the student
will be able to:
 Show familiarity in the concept and
importance of port operation in the
economic development of a nation.
 Knowledgeably plan a ports and
harbors.
 Knowledgeably discuss the
developments and operations of
ports and harbors.
 Investigate and Analyze areas of
improvement in ports and harbors.
1.2 History of Water Transportation
 Waterways have great importance in
developing civilization and in growth
of a nations.
 Rivers and seas were utilized as first
facility for mass transportation of
goods
 Heavy loads such as timber, stone &
grain could be carried in large
quantities
only
through
water
transportation
signifying
its
importance
 Civilization that learned to build & sail
ships were proposed as centers of
trade, culture and power
 Ancient mariners used sea to explore
the world, trade and conquer other
empires.
1.3 Importance of Water Transport
 Water transportation is concerned
with conveyance of people and
goods in vehicles that float upon
water.
 Waterways have great historic
importance in the development of
civilizations and in the growth of
nations.
 Rivers and seas provided primitive
man with his first facility for mass
transportation of goods.
 Waterways can be classified broadly
as Oceanic waterways and inland
waterways.
1.4 Classification of Water Transportation
Waterways can be classified
into two categories:
1) Inland Waterways: Consists of water
transportation on rivers, lakes &
canals within the mainland.
Example:
 Pasig River -main body of inland
navigable river that stretches
approximately
25-27
kilometers
from where it drains Laguna de Bay
and Metro Manila to its mouth in
Manila Bay.
 a major source of water, food and
livelihood
and
offered
an
alternative mode of transportation.
PASIG RIVER
2) Oceanic Waterways: Consists of conveyance of
people & goods primarily across the ocean
between continents or islands.
 In the international trade 90% of the traded
goods are carried out by ships in oceans.
 More than 30% of global maritime crude oil
trade moves through South China Sea,
according to US energy agency.
 The busiest oceanic route is- The North-Atlantic
Ocean route. The idea of its multi-channel routes
can be taken from: South America to North
America(Panama Canal), Africa to Europe, and
Europe to Asia.
How much trade goes through South China
Sea?
The Significance of South China Sea Trade
For many of
the world’s
largest
economies,
the South
China Sea
is an
essential
maritime
crossroads
for trade.
1.5 Advantages of Water Transport
 Development of commercial &
industrial trade.
 Development of agriculture
 Assistance at time of defense in the
emergency of national security.
 Easy & cheap mode of
communication
 High load carrying capacity
 Cheap power: i.e, manual or
motive required
 Encourages consumption of
domestic as well as foreign goods &
various commodities via importexport
1.6 Disadvantages of Water Transport
 High amount of loss in life & materials
may result due to frequent storms
 Requires more time due to slow speed
 Easy for foreign countries to attack on
naval crafts.
 Potential risk of pollution due to oil
spillage from vessels, noise pollution &
air (due to smoke & fumes) pollution
as well.
 Waterfalls may hinder transportation
through water.
 Operations of loading & unloading
might be severely affected at time of
high range of tides.
1.8 Difference between Port and Harbor
HARBOR- place
on the coastline
where vessels
may find shelter
protected
from
rough
water
by piers, jetties,
and
other
artificial
structures.
PORT- a harbor
where ships load
or
unload,
especially
one
where
customs
officers
are stationed. A
port is usually
located inside a
harbor.
All Ports are Harbors
Whereas
All Harbors are NOT Ports!
ANY QUESTIONS
PLEASE ??