DPWH Standard Specifications for Public Works and Highways and Construction (Source: DPWH Blue Book-pdf – Compilation of Terms) ►Roadway embankment of earth material shall be placed in horizontal layers - not exceeding 200 mm (8 inches) ► Compaction- Immediately after the mixture has been spread, struck off and surface irregularities adjusted, it shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted by rollers ►All surface objects and all trees, stumps, roots and other protruding obstructions, not designated to remain, shall be cleared and/or grubbed, including mowing as required–Clearing and Grubbing ► Coarse Aggregate- It shall consist of crushed stone, gravel, blast furnace slag, or other approved inert materials of similar characteristics, or combinations thereof, having hard, strong, durable pieces and free from any adherent coatings. ►When Bill of Quantities indicates measurement of trees by individual unit basis, the units will be designated and measured in accordance with the following schedule of sizes: Diameter at height of 1.4 m Pay Item Designation Over 150 mm to 900 mm Small Over 900 mm Large ►All concrete pavement, base course, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, etc., designated for removal, shall be: (1) Broken into pieces and used for riprap on the project, or (2) Broken into pieces, the size of which shall not exceed 300 mm (12 inches) in any dimension and stockpiled at designated locations on the project for use by the Government, or 11 (3) Otherwise demolished and disposed of as directed by the Engineer. When specified, ballast, gravel, bituminous materials or other surfacing or pavement materials shall be removed and stockpiled as required in Subsection 101.2.1, otherwise such materials shall be disposed of as directed. ► Borrow excavation shall consist of the excavation and utilization of approved material required for the construction of embankments or for other portions of the work ► The excavation below grade shall be backfilled with selected fine compressible material, such as silty clay or loam, and lightly compacted in layers not over 150 mm (6 inches) in uncompacted depth to form a uniform but yielding foundation. ► Earth berms shall be constructed of well graded materials with no rocks having a diameter greater than 0.25 the height of the berm ► A new control strip may also be ordered by the Engineer or requested by the Contractor when: 1. A change in the material or job-mix formula, is made. 2. Ten days of production have been accepted without construction of a new control strip. 3. There is reason to believe that a control strip density is not representative of the material being placed. ► The liquid bituminous material shall be sprayed by means of a pressure distributor of not less than 1000 liters capacity, mounted on pneumatic tires of such width and number that the load produced on the road surface will not exceed 1 kN(100 kgf) per cm width of tire. ► The tack coat shall be sprayed only so far in advance on the surface course as will permit it to dry to a “tacky” condition. ►Control of Traffic shall be prohibited from traveling at speeds in excess of 40 km/h until the asphaltic material has set. Nominal diameter, d, mm 10-20 25-28 32 and greater Pin diameter (D) 6d 8d 10d Sieve Designation Standard, Alternate US mm Standard 50 2” 25 1” 9.5 3/8” 0.075 No. 200 Mass Percent Passing 100 55-85 40-75 0-12 ► Each job-mix formula submitted shall propose definite single values for: 1. The percentage of aggregate passing each specified sieve size. 2. The percentage of bituminous material to be added. 3. The temperature of the mixture delivered on the road. 4. The kind and percentage of additive to be used. 5. The kind and percentage of mineral filler to be used. ► A Quality Control Plan detailing his production control procedures and the type and frequency of sampling and testing ► Concrete Batcher. The person performing the batching or mixing operation shall be capable of accurately conducting aggregate surface moisture determination and establishing correct scale weights for concrete materials. ►Concrete Technician- The person responsible for concrete production control and sampling and testing ►Quality Control Testing -The Contractor shall perform all sampling, testing and inspection ► Documentation -The Contractor shall maintain adequate records of all inspections and tests. ► Transverse Strip Contraction Joint - It shall be formed by installing a parting strip to be left in place as shown on the Plans. ► Hand Finishing Hand - finishing methods may only be used under the following conditions: a. In the event of breakdown of the mechanical equipment, hand methods may be used to finish the concrete already deposited on the grade. b. In narrow widths or areas of irregular dimensions where operations of the mechanical equipment is impractical, hand methods may be used. ► Surface Test - As soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the pavement surface shall be tested with a 3-m straight-edge or other specified device. ► Curing - Immediately after the finishing operations have been completed and the concrete has sufficiently set, the entire surface of the newly placed concrete shall be cured in accordance with either one of the methods described herein. ► Removal of Forms - After forms for concrete shall remain in place undisturbed for not less than twentyfour (24) hours after concrete pouring. ► Sealing Joints -Joints shall be sealed with asphalt sealant soon after completion of the curing period and before the pavement is opened ► Static Testing - Suitable approved apparatus for determining accurately the load on pile and the settlement of the pile under increment of load shall be supplied by the Contractor. ► Timber Pile - Bents Piles for any one bent shall be carefully selected as to size, to avoid undue bending or distortion of the sway bracing. ► The minimum penetration of the preservative with the surface of the timber shall be 20mm. The minimum retention of preservative per cubic metre of timber shall be as follows: Class P – Prestressed concrete structures and members. Seal – Concrete deposited in water ► Pretensioning -The prestressing elements shall be accurately held in position and stressed by jacks ► Post-tensioning- Tensioning of the prestressing reinforcement shall not be commenced until tests on concrete cylinders, manufactured of the same concrete and cured under the same conditions ► Concrete deposited in water shall be Class A concrete with a minimum cement content of 400 kg/m3 of concrete. The slump of the concrete shall be maintained between 10 and 20 cm. ►The concrete in walls, beams, columns and the like shall be placed in horizontal layers not more than 30 cm thick except as hereinafter provided. ► Surface finishing shall be classified as follows: Class 1, Ordinary Finish Class 2, Rubbed Finish Class 3, Floated Finis ► The falsework - shall be constructed to conform to the falsework drawings. The materials used in the falsework construction shall be of the quantity and quality necessary to withstand the stresses imposed. For general use, 195 kg by empty cell process For marine use, 320 kg by full cell process ► Pin holes may be flame cut at least 50.8 mm smaller in diameter than the finished pin diameter. All eyebars that are to be placed side by side in the structure shall be securely fastened together ► Erection -The Contractor shall provide the falsework and all tools, machinery and appliances, including driftpins and fitting-up bolts, necessary for the expeditious handling of the work ► “Steel Structures Painting Council Specifications” (SSPC) meeting one of the following classes of surface preparation. a. SSPC – SP – 5 White Metal Blast Cleaning b. SSPC – SP – 6 Commercial Blast Cleaning c. SSPC – SP – 8 Pickling d. SSPC – SP – 10 Near White Blast Cleaning ► Shop painting - shall be done after fabrication and before any damage to the surface occurs from weather or other exposure. Shop contact surfaces shall not be painted unless specified. ► Splices shall be staggered as far as possible and with a minimum separation of not less than 40 bar diameters. Item Minimum Time Centering under girders, beams frames or arches Floor slabs Walls Columns Sides of beams and all other vertical surfaces 14 days Minimum Percentage Design Strength 80% 14 days 1 day 2 days 1 day 70% 70% 70% 70% ► All personnel protective equipment shall conform to the American Standard Association Code for such equipment. ► The maximum size of fillet weld that may be used along the edge of material 6 mm or more in thickness shall be 1.5 mm less than the thickness of the material. ► The minimum effective length of fillet weld shall be four times its size and in no case less than 38 mm. ► Painting- This Item shall consist of furnishing and applying all paint materials including vehicles, pigments, pastes, driers, thinners and mixed paints for steel and wooden structure. ► The classes of concrete will generally be used as follows: ► Joint Mortar – Joint mortar for concrete pipes shall consist of 1 part, by volume of Portland Cement and two (2) parts of approved sand with water as necessary to obtain the required consistency. Class A – All superstructures and heavily reinforced substructures. The important parts of the structure included are slabs, beams, girders, columns, arch ribs, box culverts, reinforced abutments, retaining walls, and reinforced footings. ► Oakum – Oakum for joints in bell and spigot pipes shall be made from hemp (Cannavis Sativa) line or Benares Sunn fiber or from a combination of these fibers. The oakum shall be thoroughly corded and finished and practically free from lumps, dirt and extraneous matter. Class B – Footings, pedestals, massive pier shafts, pipe bedding, and gravity walls, unreinforced or with only a small amount of reinforcement. ► Ties and struts shall be 300 mm in place until the embankment is completed and compacted. Class C – Thin reinforced sections, railings, precast R.C. piles and cribbing and for filler in steel grid floors. ► Granular Backfill Filter Material – Granular backfill filter material shall be permeable and shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 6, except that soundness tests will not be required and minor variation in grading and content of deleterious substances ► A sufficient number of cylinders shall be cast from the concrete for each unit permit compression tests at 7, 14 and 28 days, and to allow for at least 3 cylinders for each test. If the strength requirement is met at 7 or 14 days, the units shall be certified for use 14 days from the date of casting. If the strength is not met at 28 days, all units made from that batch or load will be rejected. ► Mortar for grouted riprap shall consist of sand, cement and water conforming to the requirements given under Item 405, Structural Concrete ► Beds for face stones may vary from 20 mm to 50 mm in thickness ► Embankment construction - shall consist of constructing roadway embankments, including preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed; the construction of dikes within or adjacent to the roadway ► Clearance between stones shall not be less than 21/2 inches or the maximum size of concrete aggregate for Class “B”. ► Sheet Piles- This shall consist of furnishing, driving and cutting off of sheet piling ► Rock used in the gabions and mattresses shall consist of hard, durable rock pieces that will not deteriorate when submerged in water or exposed to severe weather conditions ► Filter cloth shall consist of 70% polypropylene and 30% polyethylene. ► The precast curb shall not be more than 20cm in width at the top portion and not be more than 25cm at the base. ► Posts shall be set vertically in the position shown on the Plans and, where embedded in a concrete foundation block, shall remain undisturbed for a minimum of 48 hours. ► Rail elements shall be erected in a manner resulting in a smooth continuous installation. ► Road signs are designated in the Manual, namely, danger warning signs, regulatory signs and informative signs, or guide signs ► Sign panels for warning, regulatory, and informatory signs shall be manufactured from aluminum sheeting at least 3 mm thick. ► The reflective sheeting used on the road signs shall consist of spherical lens elements embedded within a transparent plastic having a smooth, flat surface ► Pavement Markings- This item shall consist of placing markings on the finished pavement ► The “Flush Surface” reflector shall be the short base type having a maximum base area of 180 mm x 140 mm ► The “Raised Profile” reflectors shall consist of an acrylic plastic shell filled with an adherent epoxy compound molded from methyl methacrylate dim. 100mmx100mmx20mmthk ► Topsoil furnished shall consist of fertile friable soil of loamy character without admixture of undesirable subsoil, refuse or foreign materials. ► Mulching material shall consist of approved wood chips, ground or crushed corn cobs, wood shavings, sawdust or peat moss. ► The center-to-center spacing between trees shall be 10- 20 meters (m) on national road. ► Laying – Center lines, lane lines and edges lines shall be applied by approved mechanical means and shall be laid in regular alignment. ► Plasticity The putty made from Type S, special hydrate, or type SA, special airentraining hydrate, shall have plasticity figure of not less than 200 when tested within 30 minutes after mixing with water. ► Mineral filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock dust, slag dust, hydrated lime, hydraulic cement, fly ash or other suitable mineral matter. ► Admixtures - A material, other than water, aggregates and hydraulic cement (including blended cement) that is used as an ingredient of concrete ► Marking Each container shall be marked with the following information: a. Name, form and type of the product; b. Net mass or volume; c. Name and address of manufacturer and recognized trademark, if any; d. Manufacturer’s batch number and date of manufacture e. Made in the Philippines and, f. Required handling procedures ► Proportion for Mixing - It is the intent of these Specifications to provide a paint of proper brushing consistency, which will not run, streak or sag and which will have satisfactory drying qualities. ► High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate It shall conform to: a. High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, suitable for welding, b. High-Strength Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and Tempered for pressure vessels, c. Quenched and tempered alloy steel structural shapes and seamless mechanical tubing meeting all the mechanical and chemical requirements of a steel. ► Tensile properties as determined by tests of bar stock after drawing or of finished studs shall conform to the following requirements: Tensile strength (minimum) Yield strength* (minimum) Elongation (minimum) 413.4 MPa (60,000 psi) 344.5 MPs (50,000 psi) 20 percent in 50 mm (2 in) ► Timber -It shall be free from loose knots, splits, worn holes, decay, warp, ring separation or any defects which will impair its strength or render it unfit for its intended use.
