Gross Motor Infancy (Birth to 2 years) Fine Motor 0 to 3 months 0 to 3 months - Kicks reciprocally when - Brings hand to supine mouth - Lifts and holds head up - Examines while prone objects with eyes 3 to 6 months - Plays with - Rolls from supine to hands at prone and vice versa midline - Sits with hands - Reaches for propped objects - Can withstand body - Reflexive weight when standing palmar grasp with support 3 to 6 months 6 to 12 months - Reaches for - Sits independently toys while on - Independently gets tummy into sitting position - Uses variety of - Pivots in sitting palmar grasping position patterns - Stands, holding on for support 6 to 12 months - Plays in standing when - Mouths toys leaning on support - Uses accurate - Crawls on belly and direct initially, then crawls on reach for toys all fours (10 months) - Plays with toys at midline; Cognitive/Language Social-Emotional 0 to 3 months - Repeats actions for pleasurable experiences - Uses hands and mouth to explore objects - Visually tracks objects 0 to 3 months - Coos, then squeals - Makes eye contact - Smiles, laughs out loud - Expresses discomfort by crying - Shows interest in people’s faces 3 to 6 months - Begins to use constants in babbles - Reacts to sudden noises or sounds 6 to 12 months - Recognizes words and family members’ names - Responds with appropriate gestures - Listens selectively 3 to 6 months - Listens and responds when spoken to - Uses different sounds to express feelings 6 to 12 months - Shows special dependence on mother - May show stranger anxiety ADLs, IADLs, and Occupations 0 to 3 months - Engage in sleep and feeding - Dependent in all ADLs 3 to 6 months - Moves hands up to bottle/breast during feeding - Shows interest in food 6 to 12 months - Finger feeds self - Cooperates with dressing - Exploratory play from birth to 12 months - Plays with spoon - Holds bottle with both hands 12 to 18 months - Walks with hand held (12 months) 12 to 18 months - Sits in small chair - Plays in standing - Walks well, squats, picks up toys from the floor - Climbs into adult chair - Flings ball - Pulls toys when walking - Begins to run - Walks upstairs with one hand held - - - transfers hand to hand Bangs objects together to make sounds Releases toys into container Grasps small objects in fingertips Points to toys with index finger 12 to 18 months - Holds two toys in hand and 18 to 24 months toys in both - Runs, squats, climbs on hands furniture - Releases toys - Climbs on jungle gym inside and slides containers - Moves on ride-on toy - Stacks blocks without pedals (kiddy and fits toys car) Kicks ball forward into form space - Throws ball at large (places pieces target in board) - Jumps with both feet - Attempts (in place) puzzles - Walks up and down stairs - - Imitates simple gestures Looks at picture book Acts with intention on toys Takes objects out of container Responds to own name 12 to 18 months - Acts on object using variety of schemas - Imitates model - Symbolic play with real props - Understands how objects work - Understands function of objects - Uses trial-anderror in problemsolving - Recognizes names of - - - Lifts arms to be picked up Plays contentedly when parents are in room Interacts briefly with other infants Plays give and take 12 to 18 months - Moves away from parent - Shares toys with parent - Responds to facial expressions of others 18 to 24 months - Expresses affection - Shows wide variety of emotions: fear, anger, sympathy, and joy - - Moves food to mouth but is messy Holds cup with both hands Removes socks Assists with dressing by pushing arms and legs through 18 to 24 months - Enjoys rough and tumble play - Functional play from 6 to 24 months - Scoops food with spoon and feeds self - Removes shoes and socks - Can pull shirt or pants down 24 to 36 months - Uses spoon without spilling 24 to 36 months - Rides tricycle - Catches large ball against chest - Jumps from step or small height - Begins to hop on one foot - Points to pictures with index finger Uses two hands in play, one to hold or stabilize and one to manipulate Holds crayon and makes marks and scribbles various body parts 18 to 24 months - Links multiple steps together - Has inanimate object perform actions - Begins to use non-realistic objects in pretend play 18 to 24 months - Object - Completes fourpermanence is to five-piece completely puzzle developed - Builds towers (e.g., four 24 to 36 months blocks) - Combines - Holds crayon in actions into fingertips and entire play draws simple scenario figures (straight - Creates entire stroke or scripts of circular stroke) imaginative Strings beads play - Begins to use - Matches simple tools pictures - Participates in - Sorts shapes multipart tasks and colors - Can feel frustrated Enjoys solitary play Laughs when someone does something silly 24 to 36 months - Cooperative play: takes turns at times - Shows interest in peers - Begins cooperative play and play in small groups - Shy with strangers, especially adults - Symbolic and constructive play - Turns pages of book - Plays house 24 to 36 months - Snips with scissors - Traces form, such as a cross - Colors in large forms - Draws circles accurately - Builds towers and lines up objects - Holds crayon with dexterity - Completes puzzles of four to five pieces Early Childhood (3-5 years) 3 to 4 years - Jumps, climbs, runs - Begins to skip and hop - Rides tricycle - Stands briefly on one foot - Alternates feet walking upstairs - Jumps from step with 2 feet 3 to 4 years - Uses precision (tripod) grasp on pencil or crayon - Colors within lines - Copies simple shapes; begins to copy letters 3 to 4 years 3 to 4 years - Uses imaginary - Attempts objects in play challenging - Makes dolls and activities action figures - Prefers play carry out roles with other and interact children; group with other toys play replaces - Categorizes and parallel play sorts objects 3 to 4 years - Eats independently - Puts on a t-shirt with a little help - Puts on shoes, although the right and left 5 to 6 years - Hops well for long distances - Skips with good balance - Catches ball with two hands - Kicks with accuracy - Stands on one foot for 8–10 seconds - - Uses scissors to cut; cuts simple shapes Constructs threedimensional design Manipulates objects within the hand 4 to 5 years - Draws using a dynamic tripod grasp - Copies simple shapes - Completes puzzles of up to 10 pieces - Draws stick figure or may begin to draw trunk and arms - Strings small beads 5 to 6 years - Cuts with scissors - Shows a sense of humor - Follows turntaking in discourse and is aware of social aspects of conversation Shows interest in being a friend Prefers samesex playmates orientation may be incorrect - Puts on socks 4 to 5 years with a little - Understands help for the rules to a game correct - Remembers orientation of rules with a few the heel reminders - Pulls down Makes up simple clothing stories that (i.e., pants with involve role 4 to 5 years elastic playing with - Enjoys clowning waistband) other children Sings whole independently - Participates in songs - Buttons large goal-oriented, - Role plays front buttons cooperative based on - Zips and unzips play with two parents’ roles a jacket if the or three other shank is already children 5 to 6 years connected - Participates in - Participates in - Imaginary, planning a play groups of two constructive, activity to four that play and social play - Begins abstract in organized, 4 to 5 years problem solving complex games - Inserts the - Has friends shank together 5 to 6 years (same sex) to zip up a - Reasons - Enjoys singing jacket with through simple and dancing; practice problems reflects - Laces shoes meaning of - - - - Middle Childhood (6 to 10 years) - Runs with speed and endurance Jumps, hops, skips Throws ball well at long distances Catches ball with accuracy Refinement of previous skills with increases in speed, precision of - - Prints name from copy Copies triangle; traces diamond Completes puzzles of up to 20 pieces Traces letters, begins to copy letters Manipulates tiny objects in fingertips without dropping Uses two hands together in complementary movements - Good dexterity for crafts and construction with small objects Bilateral coordination for building complex structure - - - - - Bases play more on real life than on imaginary world Participates in organized games Uses complex scripts in play Demonstrates deferred imitation Sorts objects in different ways Copies elaborate block structures Structured and organized play Abstract reasoning Performs mental operations without need to try physically words and music Demonstrates understanding of others’ feelings - - Places socks on with appropriate orientation Games with rules, constructive and social play - 5 to 6 years - Dresses independently - Games with rules, dramatic and social play, sports - - Cooperative, less egocentric Tries to please others May have a best friend or cliques Can regulate behavior, less impulsive - - Games with rules Crafts and hobbies, organized sports, social play Independent in ADLs - - Adolescence (10 to 24 years old) - - movement, and strength Ride bikes, swim, dance, skate, jump rope Balance and coordination improve - Increased strength and coordination Can endure physical activity for longer periods of time Jump rope, hopscotch Team and competitive sports Increased physical abilities - - - - Precision and motor planning evident in drawing Motor planning evident in completion of complex puzzles - Eye hand coordination is refined and solidified Manipulate small items with no issue Can button and tie shoes - - - - Demonstrates flexible problem solving Solves complex problems Form peer and romantic relationships Abstract thinking Can do math problems Categorize and organize items by characteristics or in their own way Develop their own selfidentity - - - - Trusts you and is trustworthy Sharing confidences Negotiating Respecting one another Understands you and who you understand Can talk to about feelings or problems Talking about personal and social issues Supporting one another - - - Independent in self-care, household chores, laundry, and cooking simple meals Develop hobbies and play team sports Play instruments
